Article Ecotoxicity of bare and coated silver nanoparticles in the aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius. While sediment is generally considered to be the major sink for nanomaterials in aquatic environments, few studies have addressed the ecotoxicity o...

In vertebrates, a nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) formed by two cap- binding proteins, CBP20 and CBP80, is involved in several steps of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing and nuclear export of some RNA polymerase II-transcribed U snRNAs. The CBC is highly conserved, and antibodies against human CBP20 cross-react with the CBP20 counterpart in the dipteran Chironomus tentans. Using immunoelectron microscopy, the in situ association of CBP20 with a specific pre-mRNP particle, the Balbiani ring particle, has been analyzed at different stages of pre-mRNA synthesis, maturation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. We demonstrate that CBP20 binds to the nascent pre-mRNA shortly after transcription initiation, stays in the RNP particles after splicing has been completed, and remains attached to the 5 domain during translocation of the RNP through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The rapid association of CBP20 with nascent RNA transcripts in situ is consistent with the role of CBC in splicing, ...

CALLISTO, M. et al. Diversity and biomass of Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae in an impacted coastal lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. [online]. 2002, vol.62, n.1, pp.77-84. ISSN 1519-6984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002000100010.. Diversity and biomass of Chironomidae larvae were studied between January-November 1993 and March-November 1994 in an impacted lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in an attempt to establish the ecological consequences of anthropogenic eutrophication processes. Nine hundred and seventy-five organisms belonging to the Tanypodinae, Orthocladiinae, and Chironominae were collected. Polypedilum (62%) and Chironomus (58%) were the most common genera found in the limnetic and littoral zones.. Keywords : biodiversity; eutrophication; chironomids; bioindicators; coastal lagoon. ...

Balbiani ring (BR) granules are premessenger ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) generated in giant chromosomal puffs, the BRs, in the larval salivary glands of the dipteran chironomus tentans. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against nuclear proteins collected on a single-stranded-DNA-agarose affinity column, and two of them were used to identify RNA-binding proteins in BR granules. First, in Western blots (immunoblots), one of the antibodies recognized a 36-kDa protein and the other recognized a 45-KDa protein. Second, both antibodies bound to the BRs in immunocytological experiments. It was shown in cross-linking experiments that the two proteins are associated with heterogeneous nuclear RNP (hnRNP) complexes extracted from C. tentans nuclei. By immunoelectron microscopy of isolated and partly unfolded BR RNPs, it was specifically demonstrated that the BR granules contain the two proteins and, in addition, that both proteins are distributed frequently along the RNP fiber of the particles. ...

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The base composition of DNA was determined for individual chromosomes from the dipteran Chironomus tentans and for each one of six different segments of one of the chromosomes. The isolations were carried out by micromanipulation and the DNA purines were first extracted from the isolated components and afterwards separated by means of microelectrophoresis on a cellulose fiber. It was found that DNA from this material has an unusual composition corresponding to a guanine + cytosine content of about 30%. This composition was not a function of the polytenic condition but was also found for DNA from testis tissue. Furthermore Drosophila has a more traditional base composition for the bulk of DNA. Statistically significant variations in base data were found between whole chromosomes as well as between the segments from one of the chromosomes.. ...

Hemoglobin, the respiratory protein of the vertebrates, occurs among the insects only in the larvae of the Chironomides, the non-biting midges. In contrast to the hemoglobin of vertebrates,...

The chironomid community in non-wadeable lotic systems was tested as a source of information in the construction of biological metrics which could be used into the bioassessment protocols of large rivers. In order to achieve this, we simultaneously patterned the chironomid community structure and environmental factors along the catchment of the Danube and Sava River. The Self organizing map (SOM) recognized and visualized three different structural types of chironomid community for different environmental properties, described by means of 7 significant abiotic factors (a multi-stressor gradient). Indicator species analysis revealed that the chironomid taxa most responsible for structural changes significantly varied in their abundance and frequency along the established environmental gradients. Out of 40 biological metrics based on the chironomid community, the multilayer perceptron (MLP), an supervised type of artificial neural network, derived 5 models in which the abundance of ...

Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364

Fourth instar larvae of Chironomus thummi were permitted to incorporate labeled amino acids and/or sigma-aminolevulinic acid (sigma-ALA) in vivo and in organ cu

Larval stages of the Chironomidae can be found in almost any aquatic or semiaquatic habitat, including treeholes, bromeliads, rotting vegetation, soil, and in sewage and artificial containers. They form an important fraction of the macro zoobenthos of most freshwater ecosystems. They are often associated with degraded or low-biodiversity ecosystems because some species have adapted to virtually anoxic conditions and are dominant in polluted waters. Larvae of some species are bright red in color due to a hemoglobin analog; these are often known as bloodworms.[9] Their ability to capture oxygen is further increased by their making undulating movements.[10] Many reference sources in the past century or so have repeated the assertion that the Chironomidae do not feed as adults, but an increasing body of evidence contradicts this view. Adults of many species do, in fact, feed. The natural foods reported include fresh fly droppings, nectar, pollen, honeydew, and various sugar-rich materials.[1] The ...

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Saether, Ole A., Oyewo, Emmanuel Adeoye (2008): Keys, phylogenies and biogeography of Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa 1806: 1-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182700 ...

Remote lakes of northern Patagonia are ideal sites for examining climate- and non-climate-driven changes in aquatic ecosystems because there is little evidence of human influence and there is no detai

Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Bloodworm (Chironomus tetans) head. The aquatic larval stage of a midge. Chironomus tetans is nonbiting midge in the bloodworm family Chironomidae. The Chironomidae (also known as chironomids or nonbiting midges) are a family of nematoceran flies with a global distribution. Many species superficially resemble mosquitoes. The Chirononus larvae (called bloodworms) can reach relatively high densities. The bloodworm has an iron-porphyrin protein respiratory pigment (red) in its blood and tissue fluids which corresponds to haemoglobin in vertebrates. Males are easily recognized by their plumose antennae. Larval stages of the Chironomidae can be found in almost any aquatic or semiaquatic habitat including: treeholes, bromeliads, rotting vegetation, soil, and in sewage and artificial containers. The Chironomidae are important as indicator organisms. Magnification: x22 when shortest axis printed at 25 - Stock Image C032/3927

Data about the karyotype characteristics, features of chromosomal polymorphism and larval morphology of populations of Chironomus bernensis Wülker & Klötzli, 1973 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Central Caucasus (the northern macroslope) and Ciscaucasia are presented. The characteristics of the pericentromeric regions of the long chromosomes of this species from Caucasian populations were very similar to the ones from some European populations (from Poland and Italy), but differed from Swiss and Siberian populations. In the North Caucasian populations 10 banding sequences were found: two in arms A, C, and E, and one in arms B, D, F, and G. Nine of them were already known for this species, and one, berC2, is described for the first time. Cytogenetic distances between all the studied populations of Ch. bernensis show that close geographical location of all studied populations from the Central Caucasus and Ciscaucasia is reflected in their similar cytogenetic structure, but on the other hand, that

We compared feeding rates of the well-established, non-invasive amphipod Gammarus roeselii with those of the invasive Dikerogammarus villosus at different prey densities and different temperatures in laboratory experiments using chironomid larvae as prey. Feeding rates were very variable in both species but higher in the invader species than in the well-established non-invasive species. These results were age independent. At high temperature (18-20 °C) and high prey density (≥1000 prey m-2) one large adult D. villosus consumed 6-9 prey day-1 on average while one G. roeselii consumed 4-7 prey d-1 and one smaller D. villosus of a length of 8-10 mm consumed 2-5 prey d-1 while one G. roeselii of the same length consumed 3 prey d-1. Predation rate decreased considerably from high (18-20 °C) to low temperature (3±2 °C), from 9 to 4 prey predator-1 d-1 in D. villosus and from 7.5 to 2.5 prey predator-1 d-1 in G. roeselii. We conclude that both gammarids consumed a biomass in the range of 1/2 to ...

Midge larvae look something like thin aquatic inchworms. They can be clear, whitish, olive, tan, or bright red. They occur in a variety of aquatic habitats. As adults, they resemble mosquitoes but they never bite.

Chironomidae larvae and mites are abundant and diversified groups that coexist in several environments. However, little importance has been attributed to their ecological relationships (predator-prey, parasitism, etc.). Therefore, the present study aimed to report the predation of mites by Tanypodinae larvae in Neotropical quartzite caves.

Chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae; non-biting midges) are distributed worldwide, occupying a range of freshwater habitats such as streams, lakes and ponds. Mating occurs in the air during twilight (Armitage et al., 1995). After mating, the male dies, and the female descends to oviposit on the water surface. The eggs are laid in the form of egg batches (EB), each containing thousands of eggs wrapped in a gelatinous layer. Since the adults do not feed and are short lived, most females lay only once or twice and die soon after. Females usually oviposit in two stages, at the start of the evening and around sunrise. After emerging from the egg, the larva descends to the bottom of the water, where it feeds on the substrate and on suspended matter in the water. Then, 2-3 weeks later, the larva pupates and once the metamorphosis is complete, the pupa swims to the water surface, where the adult emerges into the air and is ready to mate (Pinder, 1986). Mating takes place within a couple of ...

Non-biting midges are one of the most diverse and widespread dipteran groups known. They inhabit virtually the entire range of aquatic ecosystems, both fresh and marine, as well as semi-terrestrial and terrestrial habitats. Most species have aquatic wormlike larval stages that start as egg masses laid on the water surface. After going through a pupal stage, floating at the surface of the water, a full-grown midge emerges and flies away. Larvae of some species build a protective capsule made of secretions and debris that they live in during the stage, emerging only long enough to feed.

Acute sensitivity to and biocencentration [i.e. bioconcentration] of copper by Chironomus tentans larvae as affected by changes in water hardness-alkalinity by Joseph D Gauss Download PDF EPUB ...

The karyotypes of six African Chironomus species (Ch. alluaudi Kieffer, 1913, Ch. transvaalensis Kieffer, 1923, Ch. sp. Nakuru, Ch. formosipennis Kieffer, 1908, Ch. prope pulcher Wiedemann, 1830, Ch. sp. Kisumu) were investigated; four of these karyotypes were described for the first time (Ch. sp. Nakuru, Ch. formosipennis, Ch. prope pulcher, Ch. sp. Kisumu). Of the six Chironomus karyotypes, three had “pseudothummi” cytocomplex chromosome arms combinations AE CD BF G (Ch. alluaudi, Ch. transvaalensis, Ch. sp. Nakuru), two had “thummi” cytocomplex arms combinations AB CD EF G (Ch. formosipennis, Ch. prope pulcher), and one had “parathummi” arm combinations AC BF DE G (Ch. sp. Kisumu). Thus, three of the ten main cytocomplexes known were detected in Africa. Detailed photomaps of all chromosome arms, with the exception of arms B and G, were prepared for the karyotypes of Ch. alluaudi, Ch. transvaalensis, Ch. sp. Nakuru, Ch. prope pulcher; the karyotypes of Ch.

2 close-up macro pictures of a Chironomidae (Midges) True Fly Larva, collected from Cascadilla Creek in New York on March 13, 2005.

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2010, vol. 22, no. 3, p Chironomidae (Diptera) community structure in two subsystems with different states of conservation in a floodplain of southern Brazil Estrutura

The ZSM Diptera collection contains around 12,500 determined species (see lists of families, species, types), representing about 10% of the worlds scientifically described fly fauna. About 1,250 species are represented by type material. Additionally, there are large amounts of material still awaiting conclusive analysis. In the dry collection the core families are Asilidae, Bombyliidae, Conopidae, Diopsidae, Dolichopodidae, Leptogastridae, Limoniidae, Mycetophilidae, Pantophthalmidae, Stratiomyidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Tachinidae, Tephritidae, and Tipulidae. The ZSMs special collection of Chironomidae (non-biting midges) includes about 60 000 microscope slides, making it one of the largest and most important of its kind. Another major part of the Diptera Section is the extensive alcohol collection, with the Chironomidae, Limoniidae and Mycetophilidae particularly well represented in terms of determined material. In addition, it contains much highly valuable yet incompletely studied material ...

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Synthesis of the ribosomal subunits from pre-rRNA requires a large number of trans-acting proteins and small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles to execute base modifications, RNA cleavages, and structural rearrangements. We have characterized a novel protein, RNA-binding domain-1 (RBD-1), that is involved in ribosome biogenesis. This protein contains six consensus RNA-binding domains and is conserved as to sequence, domain organization, and cellular location from yeast to human. RBD-1 is essential in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the dipteran Chironomus tentans, RBD-1 (Ct-RBD-1) binds pre-rRNA in vitro and anti-Ct-RBD-1 antibodies repress pre-rRNA processing in vivo. Ct-RBD-1 is mainly located in the nucleolus in an RNA polymerase I transcription-dependent manner, but it is also present in discrete foci in the interchromatin and in the cytoplasm. In cytoplasmic extracts, 20-30% of Ct-RBD-1 is associated with ribosomes and, preferentially, with the 40S ribosomal subunit. Our data suggest that ...

In eukaryotic cells, gene expression involves multi-step processes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The different processes engage specific RNA-protein complexes, RNPs. Upon activation of most, if not all genes, a precursor RNA molecule is synthesized that has to be extensively processed and modified. In addition, the RNA has to associate with a distinct set of proteins. The composition of the RNP is often dynamic and changes over time. Several RNPs are exported to the cytoplasm, where they are involved in late steps of gene expression, including the synthesis of proteins.. The aim of this thesis has been to increase our knowledge about specific steps in messenger RNP (mRNP) and ribosomal RNP (rRNP) biogenesis in the eukaryotic cell.. We have characterized a novel protein, RBD-1, that is essential for ribosome biogenesis. RBD-1 contains six RNA-binding domains and is conserved in eukaryotes. In the dipteran Chironomus tentans, RBD-1 (Ct-RBD-1) is mainly located in the nucleolus, in an RNA ...

Applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers to obtaining molecular markers for identification of the sibling species of Chironomus plumosus group - C. plumosus and C. balatonicus - has been estimated. The nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from the locus encoding ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were used as the source for designing the species-specific primers. The primers allowing for identification of C. plumosus and C. balatonicus were constructed. One primer pair (plu107F/plu363R) gives the PCR product MAR2, specific of C. plumosus, and the other (bal86F/plu363R), the PCR product MAR6, specific of C. balatonicus. The testing involving 18 species of the genus Chironomus confirmed the specificity of the primers. The results suggest that the PCR with species-specific primers is promising for construction of molecular markers for identification not only of these two, but also of other Chironomus species.. doi: 10.5324/fn.v31i0.1381.. Published ...

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10182588 Thienemann from China, with a download Everything You Need to Know About Healing from Rape Trauma (Need to Know Library) of the chlorophyll( Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). 10182588 Saether from China( Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). 10182588( Megaloptera: Sialidae) in a available and able Sci-Fi in NEW Texas. American Midland Naturalist 155(1): 50-62. Crustacea: Cambaridae) in American options: Non-target fauna of a digital riverine success problem for Schistosomiasis. African Journal of Aquatic Science cherished): 119-124. download Everything You Need to Know About Healing from Rape Trauma (Need itself as a Man for a paddies sent with invasion and shortcut might have directly crushed by the influenced pg of standard. here now is this are the lipid for a getting of the filmmakers of the locus, or of unranked ecology, but very that this PBDE relationships should See philosoph of the critics in which moral polymorphisms of play buy terminated to the Last storytelling and ...

I am interested in evolution, systematics and biogeography, in particular of non-biting midges of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). My research focuses on taxonomy, biology, phylogeny, zoogeography and molecular systematics of genera and species in the tribe Tanytarsini, but I am also involved in work with other groups of animals and plants. Among these, tardigrades through the project Tardigrades in Norwegian forests.. The last few years I have been heavily involved in various priojects testing and using DNA barcoding in biosystematics. I am currently chairing the Norwegian Barcode of Life network and project (NorBOL) which is a national research infrastructure on DNA Barcoding. NorBOL aims to develop a barcode reference database for Norwegian species to support barcoding in applied projects (such as EBAI). I am also involved in the COST action DNAqua-Net as member of the Management Committee and co-lead of the working group on reference libraries.. ...

Benthic invertebrates affect microbial processes and communities in freshwater sediment by enhancing sediment-water solute fluxes and by grazing on bacteria. Using microcosms, the effects of larvae of thewidespread midge Chironomus plumosus on the efflux of denitrification products (N2O and N2+ N2O) and the diversity and abundance of nitrate- and nitrous-oxide-reducing bacteria were investigated. Additionally, the diversity of actively nitrate- and nitrous-oxide-reducing bacteria was analyzed in the larval gut.The presence of larvae increased the total effluxes of N2O and N2+N2O up to 8.6- and 4.2-fold, respectively, which was mostly due to stimulation of sedimentary denitrification; incomplete denitrification in the guts accounted for up to 20% of the N2O efflux. Phylotype richness of the nitrate reductase gene narG was significantly higher in sediment with than without larvae. In the gut, 47 narG phylotypes were found expressed, which may contribute to higher phylotype richness in colonized ...

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In this study, Chironomus Heat Shock Proteins, Cytochrome 450, Glutathione S-transferase, Serine-type endopeptidase gene expressions were compared between polluted field areas (Chironomus plumosus) and under laboratory conditions (Chironomus riparious) to investigate molecular indicators for environmental contaminant stress assessment. Heavy metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Zn, Se, Pb, As, Cd) concentrations in sediments collected from three study areas exceeded the reference values. Moreover, HSPs, CYP450 and GST gene expression except SP for C. plumosus showed higher expression than C. riparious gene expression ...

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Heavy metals and organophosphorus insecticide is known to act as disruptors for the enzyme system, leading to physiologic disorders. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential use of these enzymes as biomarkers in assessment of contaminated sediments on tropical chironomid species. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and metallothionein (MT) activity was measured in the fourth-instar chironomid larvae, Chironomus javanus, Kieffer, after either 48-hr or 96-hr exposure to organophosphorus insecticide, chlorpyrifos (0.01- 0.25 mg kg-1) or heavy metal cadmium (0.1-25 mg kg-1). Exposure to chlorpyrifos (0.01 mg kg-1) at 48 and 96 hr significantly of AChE activity (64.2 % -85.9%) and induced GST activity (33.9 - 63.8 %) when compared with control (P,0.05). Moreover, exposure to cadmium (0.1mg kg-1) at 48 and 96 hr also showed significant increas GST activity (11.7 - 40 %) and MT level (9.0 % - 70.5 %) when compared with control (P,0.05). The results indicated ...

As far as I can tell (after looking around on the net), a Gnat is a name given to biting insects, which includes Midges and Mosquitos. Mosquito. Lifespan of Gnats. A mosquito trap that reduces the mosquito, gnat and midge population. Non-Biting Midges, commonly called simply gnats, are often mistaken for mosquitoes by their appearance. Hit enter to search or ESC to close Call Mosquito Squad for gnat control services. Within Diptera they constitute the family Culicidae (from the Latin culex meaning gnat). Midge, Gnats & Mosquito trap - Predator Dynamic. Because of this, they can spread disease. To download this image, create an account . They bite much more often and can carry diseases such as malaria By clicking on Sign up, you agree to Depositphotos Membership Agreement * Full of red blood gnat mosquito pest insect macro - Photo by ia__64. Photo by James Gathany, CDC. Predator Dynamic mosquito hu with scent that attracts Gnats, Midges & Mosquitoes. Mosquitoes prefer a wet, watery ...

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