1. In order to study the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid on serum and biliary lipids in hyperlipoproteinaemia, chenodeoxycholic acid was administered to seven type IIa, eight type IIb and eight type IV patients in a daily dose of 750 mg (1·9 mmol) for 3 months.. 2. The serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides were determined at 4-week intervals: cholesterol remained unchanged whereas triglycerides decreased 15-20%.. 3. In 17 patients, biliary lipids were studied. The proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid in the bile increased to about 70%; lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid increased significantly.. 4. Bile saturation with cholesterol decreased and correlated negatively with the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid in biliary bile acids but positively with serum triglycerides.. 5. It is concluded that chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in hyperlipoproteinaemia is associated with a parallel fall in serum triglycerides and biliary cholesterol and thus may prove to be a useful ...

Bile acid synthesis, determined by conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol into bile acids in rat and human hepatocytes and by measurement of mass production of bile acids in rat hepatocytes, was dose-dependently decreased by cyclosporin A, with 52% (rat) and 45% (human) inhibition of 10 microM. The decreased bile acid production in rat hepatocytes was due only to a fall in the synthesis of beta-muricholic and chenodeoxycholic acids (-64% at 10 microM-cyclosporin A), with no change in the formation of cholic acid. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol was potently inhibited by the drug (concn. giving half-maximal inhibition = 4 microM). These results suggest that cyclosporin A blocks the alternative pathway in bile acid synthesis, which leads preferentially to the formation of chenodeoxycholic acid. ...

Bile acid in the stomach plays a key role in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Two chief bile acids produced in the body include chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. These acids assist in the creation of micelles, which aids in breaking down dietary fat, and is integral for the digestion of fat in the small intestine. Bile acid is a fluid secreted by the hepatocytes that flows into the canaliculi. From the canaliculi, it reaches the bile ducts, and is then transferred to the gall bladder where it is concentrated with time and the addition of other bodily fluids. Bile acids are derived from the cholesterol inside of the hepatocytem, and are made up of hydrophilic or polar faces and lipid or hydrophobic faces. Cholesterol gets converted into chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids, which are two forms of bile acid. These are combined with amino acids and released into the canaliculi. This combined nature of bile acids enables them to perform two of the most important functions in the ...

PROTOCOL OUTLINE: Patients receive oral cholic acid and oral chenodeoxycholic acid on day 1. On day 4, patients receive oral cholic and ursodeoxycholic acids. Patients are assessed at 3 and 6 months for liver function response, neurologic status, and nutritional status.. Patients receive treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects are observed.. Completion date provided represents the completion date of the grant per OOPD records ...

For a long time, bilirubin (BR) has been considered a waste molecule with potential toxic effects especially on the central nervous system. Later, it was found that BR exhibited cytoprotective effects and mildly elevated BR levels showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, however, exact mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory actions of BR have not been fully understood yet. The main aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of BR using experimental in vivo and in vitro models in relation to inflammation and oxidative stress. Partial goal was to establish validated analytical method for determination of BR and lumirubin. Gunn and heterozygous rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 6 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle (saline). After 12 hours, blood and organs were collected for analyses of inflammatory and hepatic injury markers. Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with BR and TNF-α, HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines were treated with BR and chenodeoxycholic acid. ...

Kit Component:- KN302990G1, Cdca3 gRNA vector 1 in pCas-Guide vector- KN302990G2, Cdca3 gRNA vector 2 in pCas-Guide vector- KN302990D, donor vector…

1. The duodenal bile acid composition was analysed in 24 control subjects and 107 patients with various types of hyperlipoproteinaemia. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between the proportions of deoxycholic acid and cholic acid as well as between deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Patients with gall-bladder disease had an increased proportion of deoxycholic acid in their bile.. 2. Eight control subjects were studied before and during the ingestion of 1·9 mmol (0·75 g) of deoxycholic acid daily. In these subjects a rise in the proportion of deoxycholic acid was also accompanied by a fall in the proportion of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in duodenal bile.. 3. The biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation was determined before and during the administration of 1·9 mmol (0·75 g) of chenodeoxycholic acid (n = 12) or deoxycholic acid (n = 8) daily for 3-4 weeks. The cholesterol saturation was decreased during the chenodeoxycholic acid ...

Cholelithiasis (gallstones) is a major medical and economic problem in the USA (Schoenfield, 1977; Schoenfield et al., 1981). It has been estimated to have a prevalence of 15 million women and five...

Xing, X., Burgermeister, E., Geisler, F., Einwächter, H., Fan, L., Hiber, M., Rauser, S., Walch, A., Röcken, C., Ebeling, M., Wright, M. B., Schmid, R. M. and Ebert, M. P.A. (2009), Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver hypertrophy. Hepatology, 49: 979-988. doi: 10.1002/hep.22712 ...

FXR is expressed at high levels in the liver and intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid and other bile acids are natural ligands for FXR. Similar to other nuclear receptors, when activated, FXR translocates to the cell nucleus, forms a dimer (in this case a heterodimer with RXR) and binds to hormone response elements on DNA, which up- or down-regulates the expression of certain genes.[6] One of the primary functions of FXR activation is the suppression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol. FXR does not directly bind to the CYP7A1 promoter. Rather, FXR induces expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP), which then functions to inhibit transcription of the CYP7A1 gene. In this way, a negative feedback pathway is established in which synthesis of bile acids is inhibited when cellular levels are already high. FXR has also been found to be important in regulation of hepatic triglyceride levels.[7] Studies have also shown the FXR to ...

Description: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic ...

Before the biochemical basis of SLO syndrome was understood, it was well recognised that a significant proportion of infants with SLO syndrome had a major feeding problem associated with marked failure to thrive and irritability. Some of these infants showed an improvement in weight gain when the calorie density of their feeds was increased; others showed remarkable catch up weight gain after nasogastric or gastrostomy feeds were begun. When fed adequately, these infants were less irritable. The fact that such improvements can be achieved by correcting malnutrition must be borne in mind when assessing the results obtained with other dietary manipulations.. In 1994, Irons et al described the effects of supplementation with cholesterol (20-40 mg/kg/day), ursodeoxycholic acid (15 mg/kg/day), and chenodeoxycholic acid (7 mg/kg/day) in a 14 month old girl with SLO syndrome.31 There was a clear increase in the plasma cholesterol, but no fall in the plasma concentration of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Ullrich ...

Worldwide, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. A major regulator of metabolic processes that gained interest in recent years is the bile acid receptor TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). This G protein-coupled membrane receptor can be found predominantly in the intestine, where it is mainly responsible for the secretion of the incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). The aim of this study was (i) to identify plant extracts with TGR5-activating potential, (ii) to narrow down their activity to the responsible constituents, and (iii) to assess whether the intestinal microbiota produces transformed metabolites with a different activity profile. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) served as positive control for both, the applied cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay for TGR5 activity and the biotransformation assay using mouse fecal slurry. The suitability of the workflow was demonstrated by the biotransformation of ...

Worldwide, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. A major regulator of metabolic processes that gained interest in recent years is the bile acid receptor TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). This G protein-coupled membrane receptor can be found predominantly in the intestine, where it is mainly responsible for the secretion of the incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). The aim of this study was (i) to identify plant extracts with TGR5-activating potential, (ii) to narrow down their activity to the responsible constituents, and (iii) to assess whether the intestinal microbiota produces transformed metabolites with a different activity profile. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) served as positive control for both, the applied cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay for TGR5 activity and the biotransformation assay using mouse fecal slurry. The suitability of the workflow was demonstrated by the biotransformation of ...

Kuhn T., Stepien M., Lopez-Nogueroles M., Damms-Machado A., Sookthai D., Johnson T., Roca M., Husing A., Maldonado S., Cross AJ., Murphy N., Freisling H., Rinaldi S., Scalbert A., Fedirko V., Severi G., Boutron-Ruault M-C., Mancini FR., Sowah SA., Boeing H., Jakszyn P., Sanchez MJ., Merino S., Colorado-Yohar S., Barricarte A., Khaw KT., Schmidt JA., Perez-Cornago A., Trichopoulou A., Karakatsani A., Thriskos P., Palli D., Agnoli C., Tumino R., Sacerdote C., Panico S., Bueno-de-Mesquita B., van Gils CH., Heath AK., Gunter MJ., Riboli E., Lahoz AI., Jenab M., Kaaks R ...

Photo. Dmitry Ivlev, one of the authors of the study, holds a petri dish with the fibrin thrombosis from the experiment. Image courtesy of the researchers In the paper published in PLOS ONE, a new approach based on ultrasonic registration of blood coagulation in its early stages has been developed. Continuous ultrasonic monitoring of the bloods aggregate state was performed using the in vitro blood flow model. An injection of a fibrinolytic drug was performed automatically on the basis of ultrasonic data. The authors have shown that the ultrasonic monitoring technique allows detecting the stage of coagulation at which timely pharmacological intervention leads to a fast and complete dissolution of the fibrin clots being formed in blood flow. According to the head of the research group, professor Georgy Guria of MIPTs living systems physics department, who also heads a laboratory at NRCH, due to the progress in the field of compact ultrasonic sensors, our work opens new prospects for creation ...

Rabbit polyclonal Borealin/CDCA8 antibody validated for WB and tested in Human, Mouse and Rat. With 1 independent review. Immunogen corresponding to synthetic…

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is an under-recognised but common condition of chronic watery diarrhoea. BAD may be secondary to ileal disease affecting the reabsorption and the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (bile acid malabsorption) or can be an idiopathic, primary BAD (PBAD). In work published in 2009, we described a new mechanism to explain this syndrome of primary BAD.. Blood levels of the hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) are reduced in primary and secondary BAD, producing impaired feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis, leading to excess faecal bile acids, which then produce diarrhoea by stimulating colonic secretion. FGF19 is synthesised in the ileum and we have shown transcription is markedly induced by farnesoid X receptor(FXR) agonists such as chenodeoxycholic acid, an abundant natural bile acid. More potent FXR agonists are logical diagnostic and therapeutic agents for this condition, and obeticholic acid (OCA), which is 100x more potent than chenodeoxycholic acid, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Isolation and chemical synthesis of a major, novel biliary bile acid in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus). T2 - 15α-hydroxylithocholic acid. AU - Kakiyama, Genta. AU - Tamegai, Hideyuki. AU - Iida, Takashi. AU - Mitamura, Kuniko. AU - Ikegawa, Shigeo. AU - Goto, Takaaki. AU - Mano, Nariyasu. AU - Goto, Junichi. AU - Holz, Peter. AU - Hagey, Lee R.. AU - Hofmann, Alan F.. PY - 2007/12. Y1 - 2007/12. N2 - The major bile acids present in the gallbladder bile of the common Australian wombat (Vombatus ursinus) were isolated by preparative HPLC and identified by NMR as the taurine N-acylamidates of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 15α-hydroxylithocholic acid (3α,15α-dihydroxy-5β- cholan-24-oic acid). Taurine-conjugated CDCA constituted 78% of biliary bile acids, and (taurine-conjugated) 15α-hydroxylithocholic acid constituted 11%. Proof of structure of the latter compound was obtained by its synthesis from CDCA via a Δ14 intermediate. The synthesis of its C-15 epimer, ...

Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain ...

Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain ...

Dihydroxy bile acids, such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), are well known to promote colonic fluid and electrolyte secretion, thereby causing diarrhoea associated with bile acid malabsorption. However, CDCA is rapidly metabolised by colonic bacteria to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the effects of which on epithelial transport are poorly characterised. Here, we investigated the role of UDCA in the regulation of colonic epithelial secretion. Cl(-) secretion was measured across voltage-clamped monolayers of T84 cells and muscle-stripped sections of mouse or human colon. Cell surface biotinylation was used to assess abundance/surface expression of transport proteins. Acute (15 min) treatment of T84 cells with bilateral UDCA attenuated Cl(-) secretory responses to the Ca(2+) and cAMP-dependent secretagogues carbachol (CCh) and forskolin (FSK) to 14.0 ± 3.8 and 40.2 ± 7.4% of controls, respectively (n = 18, P , 0.001). Investigation of the molecular targets involved revealed that UDCA acts by ...

Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance.Salts of cholic acid are called cholates.Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of the two major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol.. Get Price ...

An epimer of Chenodeoxycholic Acid. It is a mammalian Bile acid found first in the Bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of Bile and may dissolve Gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Rate of gallstone dissolution with monooctanoin compared to gallstone composition. AU - Sharp, K. W.. AU - Gadacz, T. R.. PY - 1981/1/1. Y1 - 1981/1/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0019480062&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0019480062&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0019480062. VL - 80. JO - Gastroenterology. JF - Gastroenterology. SN - 0016-5085. IS - 5 II. ER - ...

1433 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Secondary bile acids (BA), in particular deoxycholic acid (DCA), promote colorectal adenomas (CRA) and CRC. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the 7Β-epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid, has been shown to inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis in animal models and in individuals at increased risk of CRC. The precise mechanisms by which UDCA prevents CRC are unknown, but one potential mechanism is that UDCA alters the bile acid profile and reduces exposure of the colorectum to harmful effects of secondary BAs. We previously published results of a phase III trial of UDCA on CRA recurrence in 1285 subjects. The major findings were a non-significant 12% reduction in adenoma recurrence and a significant 39% reduction (p=0.03) in recurrence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD). As part of this study we collected 72-hr fecal and plasma samples for BA analysis at baseline and 3 years of intervention on a subset of ...

Obeticholic acid (abbreviated to OCA, trade name Ocaliva), is a semi-synthetic bile acid analogue which has the chemical structure 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a drug to treat primary biliary cholangitis, and is undergoing development for several other liver diseases and related disorders. Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc. hold the worldwide rights to develop OCA outside Japan and China, where it is licensed to Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. The natural bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, was identified in 1999 as the most active physiological ligand for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. A series of alkylated bile acid analogues were designed, studied and patented by Roberto Pellicciari and colleagues at the University of Perugia, with 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid emerging as the most highly potent FXR agonist. FXR-dependent processes in liver and intestine were proposed as therapeutic targets in human diseases. ...

The diethanolamine salt of the mono (α,p-dimethylbenzyl) ester of d-camphoric acid (Gallogen) augmented diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia in the rat, while depressing liver cholesterol and total lipid concentrations. Diethanolamine had virtually identical effects. Gallogen, given orally to rats with biliary fistulas had a slight hydrocholeretic effect, but did not influence biliary excretion of cholesterol, cholic acid, or chenodeoxycholic acid.. ...

Information for Cholic acid 81-25-4 including Cholic acid CAS NO 81-25-4, Cholic acid Suppliers, Cholic acid Manufacturers, related products of Cholic acid.

Illustration of a Lithocholic Acid molecular model. Recent research has shown that lithocholic acid (LCA), which is naturally produced in the liver during digestion, can kill several types of cancer cells, including those found in some brain tumours and breast cancer. Key: black=carbon, white=hydrogen, red=oxygen. - Stock Image C022/4469

Global Cholic Acid Market Report gives latest insights that includes market sales, share and growth in key regions for their top manufacturers with forecast research for the Cholic Acid Industry.

Complete information for CDCA8 gene (Protein Coding), Cell Division Cycle Associated 8, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pharmacological activation of the bile acid nuclear farnesoid X receptor is feasible in patients with quiescent Crohns colitis. AU - van Schaik, F. D.. AU - Gadaleta, R. M.. AU - Schaap, F.G.. AU - van Mil, S. W.. AU - Siersema, P.D.. AU - Oldenburg, B.. AU - van Erpecum, K.J.. PY - 2012/11/26. Y1 - 2012/11/26. N2 - BACKGROUND: The bile acid-activated nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is critical in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and preventing bacterial overgrowth. Patients with Crohns colitis (CC) exhibit reduced ileal FXR target gene expression. FXR agonists have been shown to ameliorate inflammation in murine colitis models. We here explore the feasibility of pharmacological FXR activation in CC. METHODS: Nine patients with quiescent CC and 12 disease controls were treated with the FXR ligand chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; 15 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. Ileal FXR activation was assessed in the fasting state during 6 hrs after the first CDCA dose and on day 8, ...

Faecal bile acid excretion and intestinal transit time were studied in 18 children with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission and with normal stools: 16 with ulcerative colitis, two with Crohns colitis, mean age 14 years (range 10-17 years). Five healthy children, mean age 12.4 years (range 10-17 years), were studied as control subjects. Most patients were taking sulphasalazine, but none were taking steroids. Transit time was determined by carmine and did not differ between groups. Faeces were collected for 72 hours, and faecal water was prepared by centrifugation of faeces at 15,000 x g for two hours. Bile acids in total faeces and faecal water were studied using capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Faecal excretion of total bile acids, unconjugated bile acids, and glycine and taurine conjugates were significantly increased in patients as was faecal water excretion of total bile acids, particularly the taurine conjugates and cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Total ...

Dec 22, 2005. SAN DIEGO, CA - Dec 22, 2005 - Diazyme Laboratories, a company that applies its proprietary enzyme technologies to develop low cost and high quality diagnostic products for clinical and research uses, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Diazyme 510(K) clearance to market its Enzymatic Total Bile Acids (TBA) Assay Kit for the quantitative determination of total bile acids in human blood samples.. Total bile acids is a well known bio-marker for diagnosis of liver diseases. Serum total bile acids are elevated in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver sclerosis, and liver cancer. Total bile acids levels are found to be the most sensitive indicator for monitoring the effectiveness of interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients. Moreover, total bile acids tests are also widely used to screen pregnant women for the condition of obstetric cholestasis, a disease that is caused by elevated total bile acids in the bloodstream ...

To determine the optimum bile acid regimen for rapid gall stone dissolution, 48 gall stone patients were divided into four groups of 12 according to stone diameter and were randomly allocated to receive one of four treatment regimens: bedtime or mealtime chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, 12 mg/kg/day) and bedtime or mealtime ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 12 mg/kg/day). An additional 10 patients treated with a combination of CDCA plus UDCA (each 6 mg/kg/day) at bedtime were matched with the 10 patients on bedtime CDCA and the 10 on bedtime UDCA. The gall stone dissolution rates at six and 12 months were determined by standardised oral cholecystography and expressed as the percentage reduction in the gall stone volume after treatment. The gall stone dissolution rate at six months was higher for UDCA than CDCA treatment (median 78% v 48%, p less than 0.01), and for bedtime than mealtime administration (69% v 39%, p less than 0.02). Both differences were greater for stones less than 8 mm diameter. The ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and cholesterol causes bile salt malabsorption; the former by competition for and the latter by down-regulation of ileal bile acid transporters. Because ileectomy in rats induces enterohepatic cycling of bilirubin, the hypothesis that dietary steroids might have the same effect was tested. METHODS: Male inbred C57L/J mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were fed low doses of UDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), or cholesterol added to laboratory chow with simultaneous chow-fed controls. After 1 week (mice) or 2 weeks (rats), indices of bile salt malabsorption and enterohepatic cycling of bilirubin were measured, including bilirubin secretion rates into bile, serum and intestinal bilirubin and bile salt levels, and urobilinogen levels in cecum, large intestine, and feces. RESULTS: Dietary UDCA and cholesterol, but not CDCA, significantly increased bilirubin secretion rates into bile. In UDCA-fed mice, gallbladder biles contained

Cholesterol gallstones are among the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western societies. Individuals with gallstones may experience various gastrointestinal symptoms and are also at risk of developing acute or chronic cholecystitis. Cholecystectomy is the most frequently recommended conventional treatment for symptomatic gallstones. Bile acids (ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid) are also used in some cases to dissolve radiolucent stones, but these drugs can cause gastrointestinal side effects and there is a high rate of stone recurrence after treatment is discontinued. Lithotripsy is used in some cases in conjunction with ursodeoxycholic acid for patients who have a single symptomatic non-calcified gallstone. There is evidence that dietary factors influence the risk of developing cholesterol gallstones. Dietary factors that may increase risk include cholesterol, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, refined sugar, and possibly legumes. Obesity is also a risk factor for ...

Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co.,Ltd is a modernized enterprise specialized in research & development, manufacturing and selling of Active Pharmaceutical Intermediates and feed additive.. Our main products are cholesterol, bilirubin,cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, pig bile powder, ox bile powder,sodium cholate,Deoxycholic acid,Sodium Deoxycholate,Dehydrocholic acid,Sodium Dehydrocholate,Chondronitin Sulfate.. Our factory covers an area of over 36,000 square meter, included standard workshop, warehouse, research center, laboratory, office building, and other devices, with a total investment of more than CNY 75 million.We had established 10-thousand-grade Purification Room, and introduced advanced equipments both for research and production from home and abroad. Our production management is strictly conducted by the requirement of GMP of China,ISO9001-2008, and all of our products could meet the requirements of international standards.In 2013, products including ...

Abstract Recent studies indicate an important role for nuclear receptors in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, fibrosis and inflammation. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. FXR is highly expressed in the liver, intestine, adrenal gland and kidney. The primary bile acids are the highest affinity endogenous ligands for FXR. The effects of FXR agonists in diabetic kidney disease, the main cause of end stage renal disease, however have not been determined. To identify the effect of FXR activation in modulation of diabetic nephropathy, we have treated 1) C57BL/6J mice on low fat diet or high fat diet with FXR agonists (GW4064 or cholic acid) for one week; 2) C57BLKS/J-db/db mice and their lean mates with GW4064 for one week; and 3) C57BL/6J-db/db mice and their lean mates with cholic acid for 12 weeks. We found that FXR agonists modulate renal SREBP-1 expression and lipid metabolism, as well as renal expression of profibrotic growth factors, ...

The results of the preliminary test showed that less than 50% of the test item has been hydrolysed in 2.4 hours at, and that less than 10% of the test item has been hydrolysed after five days for the three pH values, the full test was not performed. Therefore, according to guideline dispositions, the full test was not performed and it can be concluded that the abiotic degradation hydrolysis of ursodeoxycholic acid is lower than 10% after 5 days atfor the pH values 4, 7 and 9. If released into the environment, ursodeoxycholic acid is not expected to hydrolyze. ...

This page contains information about Glucuronides of Ursodeoxycholic Acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide. Purchase Ursodeoxycholic Acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide online

The particle size distrubution of ursodeoxycholic acid has been analyzed according to method MT 187 and OECD guideline No. 110. The average percentile size for 10%, 50% and 90% of the sample were 1.31 µm, 14.4 µm and 57.3 µm, respectively. In the same study it can be concluded that 86.7% of the test item presents a particle size lower than 50μm and 4.9% of test item was found above 75μm. ...

/PRNewswire/ -- ReportsnReports adds present scenario (with the base year being 2017) and the growth prospects of global Ursodeoxycholic Acid market for...

The primary bile acids (BAs) are synthetized from colesterol in the liver, conjugated to glycine or taurine to increase their solubility, secreted into bile, concentrated in the gallbladder during fasting, and expelled in the intestine in response to dietary fat, as well as bio-transformed in the colon to the secondary BAs by the gut microbiota, reabsorbed in the ileum and colon back to the liver, and minimally lost in the feces. BAs in the intestine not only regulate the digestion and absorption of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fat-soluble vitamins, but also play a key role as signaling molecules in modulating epithelial cell proliferation, gene expression, and lipid and glucose metabolism by activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (GPBAR-1, also known as TGR5) in the liver, intestine, muscle and brown adipose tissue ...

Creative-Proteomics offer cas 83-44-3 DEOXYCHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.

To find out which is the best solution for dark circles under your eyes, consult with an ophthalmologist. Remember that surgery alone will not be the complete solution for the complete dissolution of dark circles. If you continue with an unhealthy lifestyle, the dark circles under your eyes may reappear again. It is also important to stick to a strict skin care regimen. Always wear sunscreen, especially when you are going out under the sun. Wearing sunglasses can be very helpful, too, to add extra protection for your thin under eye skin ...

Using deoxycholic acid as starting materials, a series of 12a-aza-C-homo-12-one 7-deoxycholic acid derivatives were synthesized The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds against some carcinoma cell lines was investigated. The results showed that some 12-oxy-12a-aza-C-homo-7-deoxycholic acid derivatives displayed distinct cytotoxicity to HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) and Tu 686 (laryngocarcinoma) tumor ...

Bile acids are water-soluble and, when ionized, amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism formed in the liver.? In their molecular form, they are weak acids, however, after the biosynthesis process, the bile acid molecules are conjugated with glycine and taurine, converting them into strong amino acids before being excreted from the hepatocyte.. The fundamental role of bile acids is to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. ...

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Halka Buryova, Karel Chalupsky, Olga Zbodakova, Ivan Kanchev, Marketa Jirouskova, Martin Gregor, Radislav Sedlacek].

Crystalline lithocholic (3α-hydroxycholanic) acid was isolated from a pooled sample of feces from healthy men for the first time. This acid, which occurs in small amounts in human bile, was obtained by alcohol extraction, followed by solvent partition and chromatography. Under these conditions most of the acid was recovered in the form of its methyl ester. ...

Creative-Proteomics offer cas 81-25-4 CHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.

Intracytoplasmic detection of cytokines by flow cytometry has turned into a effective tool in the characterization of cytokine-producing cells. the bloodstream sample is attracted. In mind of isotype-matched antibodies and nonstimulated cells as harmful controls INCB018424 rather than the purified antibody-blocking control, higher levels of interleukin-2- strikingly, gamma interferon, interleukin-6-, and interleukin-8-positive cells had been found. To get a significant interpretation of data these distinctions need to be considered. Further research should measure the specific specificity of the controls. Intracytoplasmic recognition of cytokines by movement cytometry provides revolutionized the region of cell biology before couple of years (7, 9, 10). It represents a robust analytical technique where individual cells could be concurrently analyzed for many parameters, including cell granularity and size, aswell as the coexpressed degrees of surface area and intracellular markers described by ...

Recombinant human CDCA8 protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E.coli and purified by using conventional chromatography techniques (19-280aa).