TY - CHAP. T1 - Phase III prostate cancer chemoprevention trials. AU - Parnes, Howard L.. AU - Brawley, Otis W.. AU - Minasian, Lori M.. AU - Ford, Leslie G.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Chemoprevention refers to the use of pharmacologic interventions to delay, prevent, or reverse carcinogenesis with the ultimate goal of reducing cancer incidence. Two large, population-based, phase 3 prostate cancer prevention trials reported that 5-alpha reductase inhibitors significantly reduce prostate cancer risk. However, this class of agents were also associated with increased detection of high-grade prostate cancer. Another large, phase 3 prostate cancer prevention clinical trial showed no benefit for long-term supplementation with the trace element Se, given in the form of selenomethionine, or vitamin E, either individually or in combination. Paradoxically, a significant increase in prostate cancer was observed among men randomized to receive vitamin E alone. A great deal of progress had been made in the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Retinoids in lung cancer chemoprevention and treatment. AU - Toma, S.. AU - Raffo, P.. AU - Isnardi, L.. AU - Palumbo, R.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - In this review, we aim to synthesize the emerging picture of retinoids in lung cancer through a summary of ongoing investigations in biology, chemoprevention and therapy settings, in an attempt to clarify the possible role of these agents in such a disease. Early work in head and neck cancer has evidenced the capability of retinoids to interrupt field carcinogenesis by reversing premalignant lesions and decreasing the incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs). At this time, the completed randomized trials in lung cancer have failed to demonstrate an evident chemopreventive effect of the tested agents on different study end points, although both a marginally significant benefit of retinol palmitate in time-to-development rates for smoke-related SPTs and a potential preventive effect of retinol supplementation against mesothelioma in ...

In this modified phase I pilot study with LP, we demonstrate, for the first time, the safety, tolerability, and the dose of a standardized GSE that corresponded to favorable modulations of SEBM for lung cancer chemoprevention, including bronchial Ki-67 LI, and serum oncomirs miR-19a, -19b, and -106b.. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, accounting for an estimated 2.09 million deaths in 2018 (19). Despite significant advancements in anticancer treatments, the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer remains dismal. The lack of effective therapy provides the impetus to search for alternative, safe, and efficacious agents for lung cancer chemoprevention, to impede the driving forces of cancerization, and prevent the development of lung cancer in at-risk individuals (20). Whereas chemopreventive approaches have been proven successful for various cancers such as breast and colon cancer (21, 22), successes in phase III lung cancer chemoprevention trials have remained ...

Approximately 1 in 8 women in the U.S. will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. But not every womans chances of developing the disease are the same, and those with more risk factors might benefit from taking chemoprevention agents.. Chemoprevention agents are drugs that can inhibit or slow the growth of cancer cells. For some women who dont currently have breast cancer, taking medications like tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors can help reduce their odds for getting some types of the disease in the future, according to new recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).. Heres some more information about these recommendations and how you and your doctor can decide whether these medications are right for you.. ...

U.S., March 8 -- ClinicalTrials.gov registry received information related to the study (NCT03069742) titled Study of Web-based Decision Aids for Increasing Breast Cancer Chemoprevention in the Primary Care Setting on Feb. 28. Brief Summary: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate a decision support website (RealRisks) designed to inform patients about breast cancer prevention options. It is coupled with a physician-centered (BNAV) decision support website as part of clinical workflow in the primary care setting. The investigators hypothesize that improving accuracy of breast cancer risk perception and understanding of the risks and benefits of breast cancer risk lowering drugs, also known as chemoprevention, will increase the uptake of chemoprevention in the primary care setting. Study Start Date: November 2016 Study Type: Interventional Condition: Breast Neoplasm Intervention: Other: RealRisks RealRisks is a web-based patient decision aid with modules that present ...

In humans, myo-inositol has been studied in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic attacks (2-7), as well as diabetic neuropathy (8, 9). No serious adverse effects were observed in doses up to 20 g/d p.o. for 2 to 6 weeks. Minor symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, or soft stools were reported in only a small proportion of the subjects treated (3, 7). The results of blood tests, when reported, usually stated that no hematologic, renal, or liver function abnormality was observed, although the actual laboratory values were not shown. In the only study where abnormal laboratory results were reported (3), 2 of the 13 patients who received myo-inositol 12 g/d for 4 weeks for treatment of depression showed a mild increase in the fasting blood glucose. In one subject, the blood glucose returned to normal despite continuing to take myo-inositol after the clinical trial. The second patient showed the same mild increase several ...

Cancer chemoprevention is the concept of taking a medication or other type of chemical agent to prevent, suppress, or reverse the process of carcinogenesis in asymptomatic individuals. In identifying patients who may benefit from chemoprevention, their risk of developing cancer must be weighed against the risks and side effects from the study agent/medication. Therefore, the ideal chemoprevention study would involve subjects from a population at high-risk and a study agent with a favorable side-effect profile.. Interest in cancer chemoprevention is growing among certain groups of patients. Hormonal modulators such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors have been associated with significant reductions in risk for breast cancer (15, 16) and uptake of these is increasing among women with abnormal breast histology or genetic predisposition, which place them at high risk for breast cancer. Among women with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) has ...

The available results from breast cancer chemoprevention trials are reviewed. Four trials using tamoxifen have been performed, of which three have reported efficacy results. A fifth trial using...

The basic cancer-related chemical and biological sciences, pathology, and epidemiology have contributed to the understanding that antimutagenesis and antiproliferation are the important general mechanisms of chemoprevention and to the development of antimutagenic and anti-proliferative agents as potential chemopreventive drugs. These disciplines have also provided the biochemical and histopathological bases for identifying intermediate biomarkers that can be used as surrogate end points for cancer incidence in clinical chemoprevention trials and for selecting cohorts for these trials. Particularly important as histological biomarkers of cancer are the cytonuclear morphological and densitometric changes that define intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN). IEN changes are on the causal pathway to cancer. They may serve as target lesions in Phase II chemoprevention trials and as standards against which other earlier cellular and molecular biomarkers can be evaluated. Strategies for the clinical evaluation ...

The trial, known as APPROVe (Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx), was the longest test yet of Vioxx as a chemoprevention agent, and was designed to determine whether the drug could prevent the re-growth of precancerous colon polyps in people who had already had polyps removed. The prospective chemoprevention study randomized 2,586 participants from 108 centers in 29 countries to receive either 25 mgs. of Vioxx daily or a placebo drug for three years, 2001-2004. The trial was stopped September 30, 2004 - approximately two months before its planned completion. ...

The overall goal of this research project is to develop Oriental herbal compound 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl- beta-D-glucose (PGG) for the chemoprevention of pros...

Chemoprevention means the use of agents to prevent, delay, or reverse carcinogenesis. This review was designed to critically discuss the most promising agents in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. Aspirin is the best studied chemopreventive agent for CRC. Optimal chemoprevention requires long- …

Aditya Bardia, Tanya E. Keenan, Jon O. Ebbert, Deann Lazovich, Alice H. Wang, Robert A. Vierkant, Janet E. Olson, Celine M. Vachon, Paul J. Limburg, Kristin E. Anderson, James R. Cerhan ...

One promising approach to cancer chemoprevention involves the induction of phase II xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. Since this approach requires drugs specifically intended to alter tissue gene expression patterns over long periods, it will be important to determine experimentally which proteins are …

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Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Justyna Szumiło, Justyna Podlodowska, Wiktor Podlodowski, Elzbieta Starosławska, Franciszek Burdan].

Full Text CA-97-014 PIVOTAL CLINICAL TRIALS FOR CHEMOPREVENTION AGENT DEVELOPMENT NIH GUIDE, Volume 26, Number 7, March 7, 1997 RFA: CA-97-014 P.T. 34 Keywords: Cancer/Carcinogenesis Clinical Trial Chemopreventive Agents National Cancer Institute Letter of Intent Receipt Date: April 3, 1997 Application Receipt Date: May 22, 1997 PURPOSE The Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC), National Cancer Institute (NCI) invites applications to further the drug development efforts of the Chemoprevention Branch by carrying out intermediate-sized Phase II/III efficacy trials of promising chemopreventive agents in major cancer target organs, particularly prostate, breast, lung, colon, and bladder. Currently, most NCI-sponsored Phase II clinical trials enroll fewer than 100 participants and evaluate a spectrum of potential SEBs as study endpoints over a relatively brief study period (2 weeks 6 months). This is in contrast to the large Phase III clinical chemoprevention trials with tamoxifen, ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether single high oral doses of resveratrol are safe and yield systemic concentrations associated with chemopreventive activity in cells in vitro (5-18). Serious adverse events were not observed. The low toxicity prevalence and the limited number of subjects studied do not permit a statistically valid conclusion about safety. Assuming that the reproducibility of adverse events found in this trial can be generalized to a large, randomized clinical trial, resveratrol might be considered safe for chemopreventive intervention in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, it is important to be mindful of the possibility that, on chronic administration, resveratrol may generate unanticipated adverse effects.. The pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that ingestion of resveratrol equivalent to the amount contained in several hundred bottles of red wine produces Cmax concentrations of between 0.3 and 2.4 μmol/L, markedly below the resveratrol concentrations required in in ...

Based on age and risk, an estimated 10 million women in the United States may be eligible for an agent aimed at preventing breast cancer, but chemoprevention is underutilized. Fewer than 5% of women at high risk who are offered tamoxifen for chemoprevention agree to take the drug, partly due to inadequate time for counseling, insufficient knowledge about risk-reduction strategies, and concerns about side effects, according to Parijathan S. Sivasubramanian, MD, of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.1. Dr. Sivasubramanian led one of two studies examining the factors that influence the uptake of chemoprevention. The other was presented at the meeting by Erin W. Hofstatter, MD, of Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.2. Richer and Wiser Women. Dr. Hofstatter reported that being richer and wiser was a factor in the acceptance of chemoprevention, based on information from the National Health Interview Survey, a population-based survey conducted ...

1661 There is a clear need to develop effective chemoprevention strategies to reduce the high incidence of lung cancer. The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two targeted approaches, reversal of gene silencing by methylation through demethylation therapy and the induction of apoptosis through activation of the PPAR-γ pathway. A chemoprevention study was designed in which A/J mice that are highly susceptible to lung cancer were treated with the tobacco carcinogen, NNK. Animals were held for 42 wks to allow the development of pre-invasive lesions: alveolar hyperplasias and adenomas. At that time mice were separated into 12 groups of 15 mice and treated for 6 weeks with individual or a combination of the agents. The agents used were hydralazine (Hyd), selenium (Se), sodium phenylbutyrate (PheB), valproic acid (VPA), iloprost (Ilo), and rosiglitazone (Ros). Not all combinations could be evaluated due to number of treated mice. Following sacrifice, the number of lesions ...

Coming of age - the chemoprevention of cancer. Chemoprevention as a form of cancer control. Comparison of low-dose isotretinoin with beta carotene to prevent oral carcinogenesis

Cancer chemoprevention involves the use of artificial or naturally occurring substances aimed to arrest or reverse the process of carcinogenesis. Numerous agents including dietary phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins and others are thought to possess preventative anti-cancer activities. Paul Ehrlich was the first to devise the idea that the immune system could suppress the increased frequency of carcinomas. This concept was further matured with the formulation of the

Quercetin and Cancer Chemoprevention Lara Gibellini, 1 Marcello Pinti, 1 Milena Nasi, 1 Jonas P. Montagna, 1 Sara De Biasi, 1 Erika Roat, 1 Linda Bertoncelli, 1 Edwin L. Cooper, 2 and Andrea Cossarizza 1 *. 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, 41125 Modena, Italy. 2David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center (CHS), Los Angeles, CA, USA. *Andrea Cossarizza: Email: [email protected]. Received November 24, 2009; Accepted April 9, 2010.. Abstract. Several molecules present in the diet, including flavonoids, can inhibit the growth of cancer cells with an ability to act as chemopreventers. Their cancer-preventive effects have been attributed to various mechanisms, including the induction of cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis as well as the antioxidant functions. The antioxidant activity of chemopreventers has recently received a great interest, essentially because oxidative stress participates in the initiation and ...

Overview of outcomes of the use of Raloxifene in reducing cancer risk. This drug lowers the risk for breast cancer in certain high-risk women.

467 Prostate cancer (PCa) has become one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the United States with similar trend in most Western countries. The substantial mortality and morbidity associated with PCa and its poor treatment options have led a surge to develop novel means for its prevention. The development of chemoprevention strategies against PCa would have huge impact, both medically and economically. Because of its ubiquity and disease burden, PCa is an attractive target for chemoprevention. Fisetin (3,3,4,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), is found in fruits andvegetables, such as strawberry, apple, persimmon, grape, onionand cucumber. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fisetin on cell-growth and apoptosis in human PCa cells. Treatment of fisetin (10-60 μM; 48 h) was found to result in a decrease in the viability of LNCaP, CWR22Rυ1 and PC-3 cells but had only minimal effect on normal prostate epithelial PrEC cells as assessed by MTT assay. To decipher the mechanism of ...

Chemoprevention (also Chemoprophylaxis) refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection.[1] Antibiotics, for example, may be administered to patients with disorders of immune system function to prevent bacterial infections (particularly opportunistic infection).[2] Antibiotics may also be administered to healthy individuals to limit the spread of an epidemic, or to patients who have repeated infections (such as urinary tract infections) to prevent recurrence. It may also refer to the administration of heparin to prevent deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients. In some cases, chemoprophylaxis is initiated to prevent the spread of an existing infection in an individual to a new organ system, as when intrathecal chemotherapy is administered in patients with malignancy to prevent further infection. The use of chemoprophylaxis is limited primarily by two factors: risk and financial costs. ...

Side effects were minimal and no different in both groups: of those taking placebo, 38 percent had grade 1 or 2 toxicity, and 3 percent had grade 3, compared to 39 percent and 1 percent, respectively in those taking the supplement. The study was stopped by the independent Data and Safety Monitoring Committee due to futility. The researchers did find that in a small group of the lung cancer patients who were never smoked, selenium did provide a small benefit; however, the size of the group of patients, 94, was too small to be statistically significant. Our results demonstrate that selenium is not an effective chemoprevention agent in an unselected group of lung cancer patients, and its not something we can recommend to our patients to prevent a second cancer from developing or recurring, said Karp. These findings also remind us that never smokers may represent a unique disease and should be an area for special consideration for research focus.. Given our results and that of SELECT, ...

Research interests are in the area of antioxidants and gene expression and dietary chemoprevention strategies. I am currently interested in understanding the role of the antioxidant nutrients such as zinc in maintaining DNA integrity and cancer development. Specifically, I am concerned with the effects of zinc status on DNA damage, DNA repair and stress-response signal

Research interests are in the area of antioxidants and gene expression and dietary chemoprevention strategies. I am currently interested in understanding the role of the antioxidant nutrients such as zinc in maintaining DNA integrity and cancer development. Specifically, I am concerned with the effects of zinc status on DNA damage, DNA repair and stress-response signal

Cancer chemoprevention is a term thats received a great deal of attention in recent years. It refers to the use of nontoxic natural or synthetic chemicals to halt the development of cancer. Many research studies have focused on the cancer chemopreventive properties of botanical substances. One of the most extensively investigated of these plant-based substances…

The purpose of this study is to determine whether erlotinib will be effective in controlling cancer that has returned after treatment with radiation. Th

TY - JOUR. T1 - Application of pharmacogenomics to dietary cancer chemoprevention. AU - Prawan, Auemduan. AU - Khor, Tin Oo. AU - Li, Wenge. AU - Kong, Ah Ng Tony. PY - 2007/9. Y1 - 2007/9. N2 - Many lines of evidence demonstrate that certain dietary phytochemicals have cancer chemopreventive effects. These dietary phytochemicals or chemo-preventive agents can suppress or block carcinogenesis by 1 enhancing the biotransformation enzymatic activities for efficient elimination of carcinogens or reactive oxidative or nitrosative species (ROS/RNS); 2 suppressing the growth/inflammatory signaling pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation; and 3 modulating phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes, e.g. glutathione S-transferases (GST), NAD(P)H-quinone reductase 1 (NQO1), UDP-glueuronosyltransferases (UGT), and antioxidant enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO1). Comparison of gene expression profiles among Nrf2 wild type and Nrf2 knockout mice showed ...

1. Torre LA, Siegel RL, Jemal A. Lung Cancer Statistics. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;893:1-19 2. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:7-30 3. Lim SM, Syn NL, Cho BC, Soo RA. Acquired resistance to EGFR targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;65:1-10 4. Yue J, Lv D, Wang C, Li L, Zhao Q, Chen H. et al. Epigenetic silencing of miR-483-3p promotes acquired gefitinib resistance and EMT in EGFR-mutant NSCLC by targeting integrin beta3. Oncogene. 2018;37:4300-12 5. Dragnev K, You M Fau - Wang Y, Wang Y Fau - Lubet R, Lubet R. Lung cancer chemoprevention: difficulties, promise and potential agents?. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013;22:35-47 6. Li Q, Zhang D, Chen X, He L, Li T, Xu X. et al. Nuclear PKM2 contributes to gefitinib resistance via upregulation of STAT3 activation in colorectal cancer. Scientific reports. 2015;5:16082 7. Tang J, Guo F, Du Y, Liu X, Qin Q, Liu X. et al. Continuous ...

Potential Use of Chronic Disease Medicines for Cancer Chemoprevention. The aim of this project is to investigate whether use of the above common chronic disease medications is associated with a reduced risk of developing: 1) endometrial cancer; 2) thyroid cancer; or 3) pancreas cancer... If we find that existing medications with well-established safety profiles are associated with reduced cancer risk, this could result in significant health and economic benefits and our findings may have the potential to inform prescribing choices for women from the general population needing treatment for other chronic diseases.. - A/Prof Susan Jordan, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute. ...

PubMed journal article: A review of animal model studies of tomato carotenoids, lycopene, and cancer chemoprevention. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide with more than 1.3 million people dying of the disease annually. While antitobacco initiatives in young people are important in preventing lung cancer in the long term, additional measures such as early detection and chemoprevention are needed for individuals already at risk due to past exposure to tobacco smoke. This review highlights the potential use of sputum, exhaled breath and blood biomarkers as well as thoracic CT and autofluorescence bronchoscopy for early detection. The current status of chemoprevention is summarized. The case for using a two-step screening strategy is also discussed.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Colorectal chemoprevention pilot study (SWOG-9041), randomized and placebo controlled. T2 - The importance of multiple luminal lesions. AU - Chu, David Z J. AU - Hussey, Michael A.. AU - Alberts, David S. AU - Meyskens, Frank L.. AU - Fenoglio-Preiser, Cecilia M.. AU - Rivkin, Saul E.. AU - Mills, Glenn M.. AU - Giguere, Jeffrey K.. AU - Blanke, Charles D.. AU - Goodman, Gary E.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - Background: Colorectal cancer is common worldwide and chemoprevention has the potential of reducing the number of individuals who may suffer and perish from this disease. Methods: A randomized placebo controlled pilot study in colorectal cancer patients was performed using calcium carbonate as the test agent in a multi-institutional oncology study group. Results: Two hundred twenty volunteers were randomized in the study. The primary goals of compliance, accrual, and toxicity monitoring are presented. Presence of multiple adenomas at study entry and subsequent development of ...

Simply no clinically effective chemoprevention for lung malignancy has been found. enumerated and measured. Vandetanib resulted in reductions in tumor multiplicity (6.5 +/? 0.86 vs 1.0 +/? 0.30, p = 0.001) and average tumor volume (0.85 +/? 0.10 mm3 vs. 0.15 +/? 0.09 mm3, p = 0.001), but not incidence (71% vs. 100%, p = ns), compared to control. As vandetanib has other activities besides VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibition, we administered the anti-VEGFR-2 monoclonal antibody, DC101, for weeks 11C15 of a urethane Ispinesib carcinogenesis protocol with an arrest in tumor volume increase, but no switch in multiplicity or incidence. Further investigation of the chemopreventive effect of vandetanib and other VEGF signaling inhibitors is needed. Introduction Lung malignancy is the leading cause of cancer death in the world(1). Tobacco smoking is the major cause of lung malignancy and smoking cessation is an efficient means to reduce lung cancers risk(2). Nevertheless, significant threat of lung ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major cause of cellular injury in an increasing number of diseases, including cancer. Most ROS are created in the cell through normal cellular metabolism. They can be produced by environmental insults such as ultraviolet light and toxic chemicals, as well as by the inflammatory process. Interception of ROS or limiting their cellular effects is a major role of antioxidants. Due to their content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, berries exhibit high antioxidant potential, exceeding that of many other foodstuffs. Through their ability to scavenge ROS and reduce oxidative DNA damage, stimulate antioxidant enzymes, inhibit carcinogen-induced DNA adduct formation and enhance DNA repair, berry compounds have been shown to inhibit mutagenesis and cancer initiation. Berry constituents also influence cellular processes associated with cancer progression including signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. This ...

Scientific Experts, Genomes and Genes, Publications, Species, Research Topics about Chemoprevention of IBD-Associated Colon Cancer

Principal Investigator：KAWANISHI Shosuke, Project Period (FY)：2001 - 2003, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Section：展開研究, Research Field：Hygiene

In this study of a large series of patients included in a prospective chemoprevention trial with a median follow-up of 7.5 years, we show for the first time the value of ΔNp63 expression as a predictor of oral cancer development. In a multicovariate analysis that included age, treatment arm, and histologic status, ΔNp63 expression was independently associated with oral cancer development with a HR of 3.308 (95% CI, 1.663-6.580). At 5 years after the randomization date, 39% of the patients with positive ΔNp63 staining had developed cancer compared with only 11% of patients with negative ΔNp63 staining. Interestingly, we observed that the presence of clusters of EIC was associated with an increased risk of developing oral cancer, although this risk was marginally significant in the multicovariate analysis. The significance of ΔNp63 expression in predicting oral cancer development was comparable with that of podoplanin. Because these two factors were highly associated, analyzing them together ...

Title: Mouse Prostate Proteome Changes Induced by Oral Pentagalloylglucose Treatment Suggest Targets for Cancer Chemoprevention. VOLUME: 11 ISSUE: 7. Author(s):J. Zhang, K. Nkhata, A. A. Shaik, L. Wang, L. Li, Y. Zhang, L. A. Higgins, K. H. Kim, J. D. Liao, C. Xing, S.-H. Kim and J. Lu. Affiliation:Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. 1300 S. Coulter St, Amarillo, TX79106, USA.. Keywords:Cancer chemoprevention, iTRAQ, penta-1, 6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), prostate, proteomic, tolerated dose determination, transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate, heat shock protein 5, fatty acid synthase, glutathione S-transferase mu. Abstract: Recent in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have suggested that the Oriental herbal compound penta-1, 2, 3, 4, 6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a promising chemopreventive agent for prostate cancer. Little is known of its safety for chronic chemoprevention use and virtually nothing is known of ...

Whitsett, T. and Lamartineiere, C.A. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Even with the advent of new and aggressive therapeutics, breast cancer remains a destructive disease and a leading killer among cancers. There is and should be a concerted effort to prevent breast cancer. We have shown that the consumption of genistein, a major constituent of soy, in a prepubertal rat confers protection against chemically-induced mammary cancer.. Another polyphenol that has received much attention for health benefits is resveratrol, a component found in red grapes (red wine). We have investigated the chemopreventive properties of resveratrol using the DMBA model for mammary carcinoma in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Dietary administration of pure resveratroil (1 g/kg AIN-76A diet) was provided for the entirety of life. Control animals were maintained on AIN-76A diet, reportedly void of phytoestrogens. With a least 30 animals per ...

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently encountered neoplasms in humans. The incidence of CRC has been increasing and new strategies for prevention, including chemoprevention, are required to lower its incidence and associated mortality. Metformin is a biguanide compound commonly used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Many recent basic research, epidemiological and clinical trial studies have indicated that metformin has benefits not only in diabetes treatment, but also in lowering the risk of developing cancer (including CRC). These studies indicate that metformin may be a candidate chemoprevention agent for CRC. This review article shall discuss the present evidence of metformin treatment and CRC, as well as outline our challenge in the investigation of metformin use in chemoprevention therapy for colorectal tumors.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. AU - Gwyn, Karin. AU - Sinicrope, Frank A.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Colorectal cancer is the third most incident cancer in the United States and is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer-related mortality. Colorectal cancer develops through a multistep process characterized by histopathological precursor lesions and molecular genetic alterations. This sequential process of tumorigenesis provides opportunities for the development and testing of both primary and secondary prevention strategies. This review focuses on chemoprevention, which is defined as the use of natural or synthetic agents to reverse the process of carcinogenesis. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that chronic intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), principally aspirin, can reduce the incidence of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Evaluation of NSAIDs, including ...

Abstract To determine if there is a difference in compliance with antimalarial chemoprophylaxis between febrile travelers with and without malaria, 157 patients with malaria, a history of fever, and recent travel to a malariaendemic area were compared with 157 matched controls. Antimalarial prophylaxis had been taken by 48% of all patients. Chemoprophylaxis use was correlated with region and purpose of travel. Cases were less likely to have taken prophylaxis (53%) than controls (76%) (odds ratio = 0.35, confidence interval = 0.27, 0.73), even after controlling for region of travel, purpose of travel, and previous exposure to malaria. Chemoprophylaxis was effective in reducing malaria risk. Travel agents and health practitioners should provide all travelers to malaria-endemic areas with adequate information about chemoprophylaxis and its importance.

Plants have been genetically enhanced to produce a number of products for agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. This technology could potentially be applied to providing chemoprevention strategies to the general population. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a compound that has been shown to have protective activity against a number of cancers and could be an ideal candidate for such an application. Alfalfa that was genetically modified to express resveratrol-synthase was used as a model in applying biotechnological approaches to cancer prevention. The transgenic alfalfa, which accumulates resveratrol as a glucoside (piceid = trans-resveratrol-3-O−β-D-glucopyranoside) (152 ± 17.5 μ g piceid/g dry weight), was incorporated into a standard mouse diet at 20% of the diet by weight and fed for 5 wk to 6-wk-old, female CF-1 mice (N = 17-30) that were injected with a single dose of azoxymethane (5 mg/kg body weight). While the addition of resveratrol-aglycone (20 mg/kg diet) to

The vitamins and plant-derived compounds currently under study have been highly effective at inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells, thus demonstrating their immense promise as possible forms of treatment. However, the exact mechanism by which each compound signals a cell to die has not been determined because the intricate details of apoptosis are not yet fully understood. Programmed cell death involves multiple pathways; the exact pathway leading to apoptosis depends on the initiation signal and the particular genes and proteins that are activated. With a better understanding of apoptosis, scientists can apply that knowledge to design innovative breast cancer treatments, possibly involving vitamins and plant-derived compounds.. Literature Cited. American Cancer Society, Inc. Fast facts. American Cancer Society. 2000. (Nov. 2000). http://www.cancer.org/NBCAM_fastfacts.html. Danielsson, C., Mathiasen, I.S., James, S.Y., Nayeri, S., Bretting, C., Hansen, C.M., Colston, K.W., Carlberg, C. ...

Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently only recommend daily dosing of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an on-demand PrEP dosing strategy that includes doses before and after sexual activity has been shown to reduce risk for HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men. In this letter, we report a case of HIV infection and drug resistance in a patient using PrEP outside of regular clinical care, adopting a sporadic, suboptimal dosing strategy with pills he obtained from his sexual partners. This case illustrates the potential risks of PrEP use without provider monitoring to ensure safe and effective dosing and laboratory follow-up, as well as key challenges that must be addressed as non-daily PrEP use becomes more common outside of controlled research settings. ...

For some groups of patients at greater risk of HIV infection (e.g., serodiscordant partners, men who have sex with men and engage in high-risk behaviors, persons with multiple concurrent sex partners, persons who exchange sex for money), preexposure prophylaxis decreased the risk of acquiring HIV infection (number needed to treat [NNT] = 56).

Chemoprevention of disease with cannabis--this is what everyone should be talking about. Using marijuana can protect you from serious illnesses by reducing inflammation, counteracting harmful oxidation, down regulating the production of harmful chemicals in the body, stimulating the production of beneficial chemicals in the body and triggering our intrinsic repair mechanisms, this is big news! We need to encourage everyone we meet to consider embracing cannabis supplementation to guard themselves from Alzheimers disease, cancer, diabetes and more with chemoprevention. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012 Aug;90(8):925-34. Epub 2012 Jan 10.. Chemopreventive effect of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol on experimental colon cancer.. Aviello G, Romano B, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Gallo L, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V, Izzo AA.. Source. Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Endocannabinoid Research Group, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.. Abstract. Colon cancer affects millions of ...

Today, the United States, on behalf of the Department of Health and Human Services, filed a complaint in federal district court against Gilead Sciences, Inc. and Gilead Sciences Ireland UC (collectively, Gilead) seeking damages for Gileads infringement of HHS patents related to pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP) for HIV prevention.

The purpose of this study is to test the preventive effects of a combination of drugs: polyphenon E (PPE) derived from green tea extracts, and erlotinib. Because this combination of drugs has not been tested in humans before for the prevention of cancer, it is not clear which dose of each agent will be optimal in combination.. We will test the safety of the combination of PPE and erlotinib and see what effects (good and/or bad) it has on the patients premalignant lesion, and find the highest dose of each agent that can be given in combination without causing severe side effects. ...

85 Studies found for: Pre-exposure prophylaxis AND PRep OR HIV prevention AND PRep , Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies , HIV ...

Cancer is a major disease accounting for over 7 million deaths per year worldwide.1Though recent advances in cancer diagnosis, its early detection, and therapy have improved the quality of life for...

Wang, Z., Xie, C., Huang, Y., Lam, C., and Chow, M.S. Overcoming chemotherapy resistance with herbal medicines: past, present and future perspectives. Phytochem Rev, 2013. 1-15.. Wang ZJ, Fan J, Liu M, Yeung S, Chang A, Chow MS, Pon D, Huang Y. Nutraceuticals for prostate cancer chemoprevention: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013,22(12):1613-1626. Du Q, Wang Z, He L, Jiang X, Wang L. PXR polymorphisms and their impact on Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of repaglinide in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013:1-9.. Liu M, Fan J, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang C, Zuo Z, Chow MSS, Shi LM, Wen Z, Y Huang. Transcriptional profiling of Chinese medicinal formula Si-Wu-Tang on breast cancer cells reveals phytoestrogenic activity. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013; 13(1):11.. McAfee L, Tung C, Espinosa-Silva Y, Rahman M, Fatima K, Clark R, Wang Z. Pearce, D. A Survey of a Small Sample of Emergency Department and Admitted Patients Asking Whether They ...

Agents may enter clinical advancement for cancer avoidance either initially or after previous advancement for the different indication, such as for example joint disease, with both strategies consuming a long time of advancement before a realtor is fully evaluated for cancers avoidance. carcinogenesis also take place on the molecular levelaccumulating hereditary and epigenetic occasions are essential to induce phenotypical adjustments. Open in another window Body 1 Schema displaying development from high-risk expresses to advanced lung cancers, correlating with an increase of hereditary changes, and the procedure (Tx) choices at each stage. Intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) contains hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. To time, large-scale lung-cancer chemoprevention studies have been harmful: neutral as well as dangerous (18, 32C34). Does not have of predictive and risk biomarkers and of a high-risk cohort certainly added to the harmful results of the studies. Furthermore, these studies did ...

PrEP has the potential to contribute to effective and safe HIV prevention when it is used as follows: Targeted to individuals at high risk for HIV acquisition Delivered as part of a comprehensive se... more

Of the 68 HIV infections that occurred before the visit at 52 weeks (or the first visit after April 18, 2011), 33 occurred in the TDF-FTC group (incidence rate, 4.7 per 100 person-years) and 35 in the placebo group (incidence rate, 5.0 per 100 person-years), leading to an estimated hazard ratio in the TDF-FTC group of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 1.52; P=0.81) (Table 2). A prespecified sensitivity analysis in which data were censored when the study drug was no longer available (i.e., owing to an interruption or a missed visit) also showed a between-group difference that was not significant (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.49 to 1.36; P=0.44). When all HIV infections occurring after randomization (i.e., through week 8 after the regular study visit) were included in the analysis, there were 34 infections in the TDF-FTC group and 39 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.38; P=0.56). The estimated cumulative probability of infection at 12 months was 0.049 in the ...

Jennifer Sanders PhD05, assistant professor of pediatrics (research) and a Rhode Island Hospital researcher, described her findings that administering the chemical rapamycin in a critical three-week window can reduce cancerous lesions in the liver. Her work in the COBRE for Cancer Research and Development has traced the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of a pathway called mTOR. The hope is inhibition of mTOR, or its downstream effectors, may be a chemopreventive strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma.. In the COBRE for Cancer Signaling Networks, Richard Freiman, PhD, associate professor of medical science, is elucidating molecular pathways hes linked to ovarian cancer. His team has found that decreasing the levels of the protein Notch3 reduces the levels of a particular collagen protein in ovarian cancer cells. That, in turn, reduces the cells ability to resist cell death through a process called anoikis. We are presently testing a number of biological and small molecule ...

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Background Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds from fruits, particularly from blueberries, have been reported to be significantly involved in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. and controlling PI3E/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and STAT3 pathways, central nodes in CSC inflammatory signaling. PEBP significantly inhibited cell expansion of 4T1, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In all cell lines, PEBP reduced mammosphere formation, cell mobility and cell migration. In vivo,… More →. ...

Our results show that topical application of a bioadhesive 10% FBR gel positively affects oral IEN lesions in a subset of patients. Further, none of the 27 clinical trial participants developed any adverse effects. These encouraging toxicity data support previous studies conducted by our laboratories, which confirmed that large doses of FBR are well tolerated by humans (19-21), and further validate the established safety record for the two cross-linked polyacrylic acid-based polymers used as either the bioadhesive or the gel base (22).. Our histopathology data show appreciable interpatient variability in IEN responsiveness, with 41% of our participants showing a decrease in lesional grade, 23% of participants showing an increase in lesional grade, and 35% of the patients lesions exhibiting stable disease. Although modest, these histologic response rates compare favorably with previous oral IEN chemoprevention trials (27). Indeed, it is possible that optimized dose or dosing schedules may ...

The landmark iPrEx study demonstrated the feasibility of taking Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It also demonstrated that success depends on ...

A US trial among 15 to 17 year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests this group stands to benefit hugely should pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) be approved - and supported - for this age group. ...

A US trial among 15 to 17 year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests this group stands to benefit hugely should pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) be approved - and supported - for this age group. ...