Drug-induced diseases are unintended effects of drugs that result in mortality or morbidity with symptoms sufficient to prompt a patient to seek medical attention and/or require hospitalization. Drug-Induced Diseases provides a detailed overview of diseases that result from drug therapy, arming healthcare professionals with critical knowledge to protect the health and welfare of their patients. Now in its third edition, this important reference helps healthcare practitioners, residents, and students by expanding the understanding of disease state causes and effects, encouraging critical thinking, and raising awareness that many diseases can be caused or exacerbated by a medication the patient is taking. The third edition has been revised and expanded, and includes: 58 peer-reviewed chapters authored by 99 contributors Detailed, comprehensive tables New chapters including Bleeding Disorders, Teratogenicity, and Oral Manifestations of Systemically Administered Drugs Comprehensive coverage of ...

10. The European Union legislation on substances and mixtures - Regulation No 1907/2006 (REACH), Directive 67/548/EEC, Regulation No 1272/2008 (CLP). The Czech legislation on substances and mixtures, the public health protection, occupational safety and health protection, and the prevention of major accidents. Permissible exposure levels and short-term exposure limits of chemicals and dusts in the air in the working zone, permissible concentrations of chemicals and dusts in indoor environment, maximum permissible concentrations of substances in drinking water, maximum residue levels in food ...

Watch the video lecture Amphetamines - Drugs of Abuse & boost your knowledge! Study for your classes, USMLE, MCAT or MBBS. Learn online with high-yield video lectures by world-class professors & earn perfect scores. Save time & study efficiently. ➨ Try now for free! Online Learning with Lecturio - anytime, anywhere

Abstract. The etiology of cardiomyopathies are classified into 4 main groupings (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and idiopathic) and can be mechanistically caused by myocarditis, conduction abnormalities, focal direct injury, or nutritional deficiency. Based on our review of this topic, evidence suggests that echinocandin-related cardiac dysfunction is a mitochondrial drug-induced disease caused by focal direct myocyte injury. With caspofungin or anidulafungin administration into the heart via central line, exposure is likely extreme enough to induce the acute toxicity. Chronic or low-dose exposure may lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; however, only acute exposures have been explored to date.. KEYWORDS: cardiac output; cardiac toxicity; echinocandin; echocardiography. PMID: 26567285. Supplements. The Mycotic Research Center at the University of Mississippi Medical Center has long focused on augmenting the knowledge of antifungal drugs to maximize safety and minimize toxicity. In 2008, ...

We hear much these days about our young adults being indoctrinated into cults, not realizing that we all can become indoctrinated into a cult or special interest group or school of thought of some sort if we fail to recognize the difference between indoctrination and education and the techniques applied by both.. Our nation today faces a serious threat of being incapacitated, even annihilated by drugs. Most of us have been indoctrinated into drugs and drug medicine since youth. Our nations drug problem is an extension of our drug mentality. We accept drugs, we think theyre good, we believe in them, and most of us do not think there is an alternative. Were locked into a system that is now responsible for more sickness and disease than it is helping. This irony is iatrogenic, or drug-induced disease.. Because the news media is controlled by the medical establishment, for your own health, safety and future it is vital that you become aware of the fact that when we read a report or watch medical ...

One crucial warning is in order. Looking at the number of users of the various psychoactive drugs and their frequency of use is one crucial piece of the drug puzzle. Its possible, however, that there is a much more important piece of the puzzle: societys addicts. It can be argued that the occasional or less-than-weekly drug user rarely poses a comparably serious threat of harm to the society. It is entirely possible that the public health issue, as well as the issue of any and all potential dangers that drug use poses to the society, is more or less entirely confined to the heavy or chronic user. The less-than-weekly user of even heroin and cocaine is much less likely to rob to support a drug habit; die of an overdose; contract a serious, life-threatening, drug-induced disease; or kill someone in connection with drug use. It could be that the harms we associate with drug use and abuse are mostly confined to that segment of users we refer to as the behaviorally dependent in a word, to ...

Carotenoids have been implicated in numerous epidemiological studies as being protective against cancer at many sites, and their chemopreventive properties have been confirmed in laboratory studies. Astaxanthin (AST), primarily a carotenoid of marine origin, responsible for the pink coloration of sa …

Aims (i)protection against development of spontaneous and chemically-induced tumors in animal systems (ii)identification of targets for immune recognition of human cancer

11. Sensory Systems Chapter Editor: Heikki Savolainen Table of Contents Tables and Figures The EarMarcel-André Boillat Chemically-Induced Hearing Dis...

Free Course on Cell Damage and Tissue Repair, Reversible Cell Damage, Lethal Injury (Cell Death), Homeostasis, Toxicity & Neurotoxicity. Toxicology , Toxicology education, Toxicology Programs, study Toxicology , Toxicology exams, Toxicology major, major in Toxicology , Toxicology certification exams, career info on Toxicology , admissions in Toxicology schools, Toxicology Degrees

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a life-threatening, immunologically mediated, and usually drug-induced disease with a high burden to individuals, their families, and society with an annual incidence of 1 to 5 per 1,000,000. To effect significant reduction in short- and long-term morbidity and mortality, and advance clinical care and research, coordination of multiple medical, surgical, behavioral, and basic scientific disciplines is required. On March 2, 2017, an investigator-driven meeting was held immediately before the American Academy of Dermatology Annual meeting for the central purpose of assembling, for the first time in the United States, clinicians and scientists from multiple disciplines involved in SJS/TEN clinical care and basic science research ...

Dr. Charles Miller uses biochemical, cellular, and animal model systems to investigate the mechanistic actions of synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals. He is investigating the major toxic compounds in crude oil as they age in the environment. He also is investigating mechanisms of chemical entry into cells. He teaches basic and advanced toxicology courses. His undergraduate training was in the life sciences at the University of Alabama in Birmingham (UAB). He was a research associate UAB and studied immunology of natural killer cells.

Report on Erowids participation in the 2006 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology including description of medical toxicology

OSMOL GAP: CALCULATION AND APPLICATION IN CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY answers are found in the Guide to Diagnostic Tests powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

A doctor turned victim from side-effects of prescription meds after an accident. Subsequently developed leaky gut, multiple allergic responses to food and airborne substances, and home bound. Now recovered 10 years, she consults, teaches, lectures and helps others overcome chemically-induced immune system disorders.

A doctor turned victim from side-effects of prescription meds after an accident. Subsequently developed leaky gut, multiple allergic responses to food and airborne substances, and home bound. Now recovered 10 years, she consults, teaches, lectures and helps others overcome chemically-induced immune system disorders.

NMS Labs is the nations premier independent provider of laboratory testing services, specializing in clinical toxicology and other vitally important areas of esoteric diagnostics testing.

ASMCUE is shaped by attendeess. No matter your professional level, you can showcase teaching methods, share knowledge with colleagues, and contribute...

In this handy, pocket-size compilation of information about drug usage, the text is essentially in tabular form. Besides the usual tables on conversion factors, normal laboratory values, dialyzable drugs, and the potassium and sodium content of drugs and foods, this handbook provides lists of drug-induced diseases, pharmacogenetic abnormalities, and drug-drug interactions. The authors even attempt to categorize the clinical significance of the individual interactions.. A five-page course in the application of pharmaco-kinetics and biopharmaceutics to patient care is followed by information on dosage and contraindications of 190 widely used drugs. Although supplemented in a few instances with the plasma half-life, ...

This topic contains 451 study abstracts on Statin Drugs indicating they may contribute to Statin-Induced Pathologies, Myopathies, and Chemically-Induced Liver Damage

This gene encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family of endopeptidases that are involved in remodeling extracellular matrix during, for example, embryonic development and tumor progression. The encoded protein undergoes post-translational proteolytic processing by furin endopeptidase to form an active enzyme. Subcutaneous introduction of cells expressing the encoded protein into nude mice results in increased tumor incidence. Mice lacking the encoded protein exhibit a decreased incidence of chemically-induced tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015 ...

Here we report further our investigation of the role of BRE in HCC. HCC was chemically-induced in the transgenic (TTR-V5-BRE) and non-transgenic littermates, bred with C57BL/6, by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitosamine (DEN) at 15 days postnatally. At 8 months after injection, the mice were sacrificed, and livers collected for determination of tumor number and maximal size, and for immunohistochemistry. Parts of each liver sample were also dissected visually into tumor and adjacent normal portions for Western Blot analysis of BRE expression. By comparison between the DEN-treated male transgenic mice (n=12) and non-transgenic littermate controls (n=8), we observed significantly increased tumor size shown by the former (p=0.049, Exact Wilcoxon Rank Sum test), with the median tumor size 2-fold larger than the latter. There was, however, no statistically significant difference between tumor numbers of the two groups. Female C57BL/6 mice are known to be less sensitive to DEN-treated ...

Who DOES Meghan need to curtsey to? A proof in the etiquette minefield Meaning shell often have to bend the knee to Camilla and Sophie but under no circumstances to Zara NFL Corridor of Fame quarterback Warren Moon grabbed assistant at his firm through the crotch and taken off her bathing fit after slipping drug into her drink The way to rest similar to a little one in mentor class: Airplane designer reveals his hacks for finding shut-eye with a flight Disgraced Matt Lauer has no intention of wanting to come up with a Billy Bush comeback and just really wants to Perform golf and stay in the Hamptons I was suffering from chemically-induced psychosis and dementia: Fergie reveals the effects of her devastating addiction to crystal meth... as she displays on her break up from husband Josh Duhamel Disappearing act: Billionaire developer Harry Macklowe promises his real-estate holdings have SHRUNK in worth from $548.9m to just $23m as he prepares to finalize his bitter divorce from his spouse ...

Sabha, Nadeen Bassam Izzat (2015) Near and mid-infrared observations of the galactic center: on the nature of diffuse emission and faint compact sources. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.. Saedler, Katarzyna (2015) Role of peripheral tissue FTO in energy homeostasis and in chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. [Thesis Abstract]. Saggiorato, Guglielmo (2015) How Sperm Beat and Swim: From Filament Deformation to Activity. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.. Sagirli, Gülay (2015) Die Einführung des Neuen Steuerungsmodells im deutschen Hochschulsystem. Erklärungsansätze für den Wandel im Management und der Verwaltung von Hochschulen. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.. Sahler, Sebastian (2015) Über die Wasserstoffspeichereigenschaften von Ethylendiaminbisboran und Hydrazinbisboran in Gegenwart von Ionischen Flüssigkeiten. [Thesis Abstract]. Sahler, Sebastian and Scott, Martin and Gedig, Christian and Prechtl, Martin H. G. (2015) Transfer Hydrogenation Employing Ethylene Diamine Bisborane ...

Turmeric is the most studied herb with coumarins. A study evaluated the chemopreventative effects of curcumin, the most active coumarin, on radiation- induced tumors in rat mammary glands. One control group was fed a basic diet while the other control group was fed a diet containing 1% curcumin. The control group fed curcumin had 28% reduction in tumors while 84% of the other group developed mammary tumors. Other studies also show that curcumin inhibits chemically-induced carcinogenesis of the skin, colon, and stomach. ...

OPEN SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR SERIES - Avdelningen för Klinisk Farmakologi, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin Clinical toxicology service and research at the University of Saarland University Professor Dr Markus R Meyer,Abteilung fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Homburg, Deutschland

BACKGROUND: The abuse of new psychoactive substances or NPS has been dramatically increasing all around the world since the late 2000s and has become a serious public health problem. NPS are a challenge for the worldwide forensic community due to the difficulties to accurately document the cases. The N-benzylmethoxy (NBOMe) group is a new class of hallucinogenic designer drugs and has gained importance in the recent years. 25I-NBOMe (2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine) is an analog of the 2C series of psychedelic phenethylamine drugs that contain an N-methoxybenzyl substituent, which significantly affects their pharmacological activities ...

ACMT members are encouraged to submit a proposal for the ACMT Pre-Meeting at the 2018 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology (NACCT) in Chicago, IL. This symposium will be held on Thursday, October 25, 2018. The Premeeting offers a full day of content centered on a theme and requires separate enrollment from the main congress. As such, subject matter appealing to a wide audience is essential to the success of the symposium ...

Andor Labs is an independent clinical toxicology reference laboratory performing drug confirmation testing using LC-MS/MS technology. We specialize in the pain management field….

TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetically engineered mouse models for liver cancer. AU - Cho, Kyungjoo. AU - Ro, Simon Weonsang. AU - Seo, Sang Hyun. AU - Jeon, Youjin. AU - Moon, Hyuk. AU - Kim, Do Young. AU - Kim, Seung Up. PY - 2020/1. Y1 - 2020/1. N2 - Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally, accounting for approximately 800,000 deaths annually. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, comprising approximately 80% of cases. Murine models of HCC, such as chemically-induced models, xenograft models, and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, are valuable tools to reproduce human HCC biopathology and biochemistry. These models can be used to identify potential biomarkers, evaluate potential novel therapeutic drugs in pre-clinical trials, and develop molecular target therapies. Considering molecular target therapies, a novel approach has been developed to create genetically engineered murine models for HCC, employing hydrodynamics-based ...

The chemokine CCL2, which is best known for its chemotactic functions, is expressed not only by immune cells, but also by several types of malignant and stromal cells. CCL2 has been shown to exert both pro- and anti-tumor effects. However, recent results demonstrate a main role for CCL2 in tumor progression and metastasis, suggesting that this chemokine may constitute a therapeutic target for anticancer drugs. Mammary carcinoma models, including models of implantable, transgenic, and chemically-induced tumors, were employed in the setting of Ccl2 or Ccr2 knockout mice or CCL2 neutralization with a monoclonal antibody to further investigate the role of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis in tumor progression and metastatic spread. In our implantable tumor models, an anti-CCL2 monoclonal antibody inhibited the growth of primary malignant lesions in a biphasic manner and reduced the number of metastases. However, in Ccl2-/- or Ccr2-/- mice developing implanted or transgenic tumors, the number of pulmonary ...

Dr. Locniskar continued studying linoleic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and the role it seems to play in protein kinase C activation and distribution, that is essential for normal cell communication. She has shown that diets high in linoleic acid have decreased chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis when fed in the promotion stage. ...

Conscious sampling allows the teacher to assess the comparative effectiveness of his teaching methods by measuring the conscious attention of his students to what is going on in the classroom. (CK)

Stephanie H. Hernandez, Maryann Howland, Thomas D. Schiano & Robert S. Hoffman (2015): The pharmacokinetics and extracorporeal removal of N-acetylcysteine during renal replacement therapies, Clinical Toxicology, DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015. ...

Writer Name NM Sharma Publication Sikhwal Publication Language Hindi Book Edition 2020-21 publication LanguagehindiTotal Pages-Book EditionLatest New Edition

Several of the pressing scientific challenges in the filed of environmental toxicology are to understand the basic mechanisms of chemically-induced toxic substances and of the design, interpretation, and extrapolation of data from non-human bioassay systems to the human situation. The objective is to offer a new paradigm, namely the idea that cytotoxic and epigenetic effects of chemicals can contribute to many toxic endpoints in human beings. We will speculate that the disruption of calcium homeostasis by a wide variety of chemicals and the conditions of their use might provide an unification of mechanisms leading to either cytotoxicity or epigenetic changes. Depending on the conditions, the effects of this disruption, a pleiotropy of diseases might result, namely, embryotoxicity, teratogenesis, tumor promotion, immune modulation, neurotoxicity, and preproductive dysfunction. In summary, there are at least three biological endpoints at the cell level which chemicals can influence - mutations, cell death

BACKGROUND: The two projects were part of a Specialized Center of Research (SCOR) in Occupational and Immunologic Lung Disease. Since its inception in 1972, researchers in the SCOR have conducted epidemiologic studies on asbestosis, silicosis in sandblasters, and respiratory reactions in workers exposed to detergent enzymes and polyvinyl chloride film fumes. Irritant gases and vapors are utilized in herbicides, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, household cleaners, explosives, fertilizers, refrigeration, plastics, paints, fumigants and a variety of other products. These chemicals are produced and used immediately or shipped to end-users. The potential for chemical accidents is great. A report for the Environmental Protection Agency estimated that 6,928 chemical accidents have occurred in the United States since 1980, an average of five accidents each day. As a result, 1,500 people were injured and 135 killed. More information was needed on the consequences of chemically-induced sublethal acute lung ...

This topic has 2 study abstracts on Centella asiatica indicating that it may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Lead Poisoning, Chemically-Induced Liver Damage, and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity

Answer: The cited article notes Although the toxicity profiles of PPIs are not well understood particularly in children, PPIs have been associated with increased risks of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infection, vitamin B deficiency, hypomagnesemia, bone fractures, and rebound hyperacidity after discontinuation. (DeBruyne P and Ito S. Toxicity of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors in children. 2018 Arch Dis Child 103: 78-82). ...

Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton Childrens Hospital - Cited by 3,061 - Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology - Pediatric Clinical Research - Pediatric Clinical Toxicology

Drug-induced photosensitivity may present in a variety of ways. Most reactions are either phototoxic or photoallergic. Photoallergy is a rare, immunological response, which is not dose-related and occurs after continuous exposure. Photoallergy occurs when light causes a drug to act as a hapten, triggering a hypersensitivity response which often manifests as pruritic and eczematous rash.Phototoxic reactions are chemically-induced reactions which occur when the drug absorbs UVA light and causes cellular damage. This reaction can be seen with initial exposure to a drug, may be dose-related, and doesnt demonstrate cross-sensitivity. It usually has rapid onset and manifests as an exaggerated sunburn. This reaction will be seen only on skin areas exposed to the sun ...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis (HCV-C). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been proposed as a biomarker of HCC risk. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a food supplement that has an excellent safety profile. The use of SAMe as a chemopreventive is based on abnormalities in methionine cycle (with decreased SAMe levels) in patients with cirrhosis, increased risk of HCC in experimental animals deprived of SAMe, and the prevention of liver cancer by SAMe administration in animal models of chemically-induced HCC.. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIb trial to determine if SAMe (up to 2.4 grams/day) for 24 weeks reduced serum AFP levels in patients with HCV-C. Inclusion criteria: lab evidence of HCV-C (platelet count ,150,000/mm3), AFP 15-100 ng/mL (normal less than 9 ng/mL). Exclusion criteria: non-HCV liver diseases, decompensated HCV-C (MELD,15), or history of, or mass suspicious for ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Editorial on exposure assessment of a mercury spill in a Nevada school - 2004. AU - Burgess, Jefferey L. PY - 2007/5. Y1 - 2007/5. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34248211151&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34248211151&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1080/15563650601033417. DO - 10.1080/15563650601033417. M3 - Article. C2 - 17486489. AN - SCOPUS:34248211151. VL - 45. SP - 431. JO - Clinical Toxicology. JF - Clinical Toxicology. SN - 1556-3650. IS - 4. ER - ...

Question: Listeriosis is caused by the Gram-positive organism, Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium generally causes self limited and mild gastroenteritis. What is the disease profile often associated with Listeria monocytogenes infections in at risk populations (e.g. pregnant women, elderly people, immuno-compromised people, unborn babies, and neonates) with possible inadequate cell mediated immunity?. ...

This exemplary Handbook provides readers with a novel synthesis of international research, evidence-based practice and personal reflections to offer an overview of the current state of knowledge in the field of teaching geography in higher education. Chapters cover the three key transitions - into, through, and out of higher education - to present a thorough analysis of the topic ...

1.. Jacob J, Heard K.Second case of the use of intravenous fat emulsion therapy for propafenone toxicity. Clinical Toxicology 49: 946-947, No. 10, Dec 2011. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2011.629202 - USA ...

Interview in todays Telegraph: His team have compiled a list of the top 100 comprehensive schools Most of them insist on streaming their pupils across the board, including the wearing of blazers and ties are in. They have long lunch...

Large-scale initiatives, such as ToxCast, promote a shift in the paradigm for regulatory evaluations of new and existing substances; specifically, away from time-consuming in vivo assays towards predictive, short-term in vitro assays. Unfortunately, the assays included in such initiatives are ill-equipped to assess chemically-induced genetic damage and mutation. Moreover, many currently used mammalian cell genotoxicity assays generate an unacceptably high frequency of false or irrelevant positive results with respect to in vivo mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity. A novel in vitro gene mutation assay utilizing primary hepatocytes from the transgenic Muta™Mouse was been developed to address the shortfalls of existing in vitro mutagenicity assays. In order to assess the utility of the Muta™Mouse primary hepatocyte assay, the cells were extensively characterized. Freshly isolated cells were found to have a hepatocyte-like morphology, with a large proportion of binucleated cells. After 24 hours ...

Video articles in JoVE about ovarian follicle include A Method for Ovarian Follicle Encapsulation and Culture in a Proteolytically Degradable 3 Dimensional System, Methods for Imaging Intracellular pH of the Follicle Stem Cell Lineage in Live Drosophila Ovarian Tissue, Culture and Co-Culture of Mouse Ovaries and Ovarian Follicles, In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity, Studying Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Drosophila Ovaries, Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes, Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Vascular Architecture of the Passive CLARITY-cleared Mouse Ovary, A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice, Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time, Alginate Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Organ Culture of Ovaries and Oviducts, Orthotopic Ovarian

Hysteretic behavior of bladder afferent neurons in response to changes viagra without a doctor prescription in bladder pressure. Polyclonal increase in certain IgG subclasses in mice persistently infected with the 87V strain of scrapie.. Rapatar, a nanoformulation of rapamycin, decreases chemically-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats. Morphological characteristics of the mandibular first premolars in viagra without doctor prescription people from Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong province Moreover, the levels of markers of the protein-modification process were similar to those of the control group.. Their spontaneous rhythmic activity was perturbed by delivering excitatory single pulses or periodic pulses via their synaptic inputs. Deglutition disorders-simple to diagnose viagra vs cialis and difficult to treat? Of the top 33 strains most sensitive to radiation in this assay, 14 contained genes known to be involved in DNA repair.. The ratios did not correlate in a statistically ...

The purpose of this study was to establish whether curcumin protects renal proximal tubule cells against ischemic injury, determine whether this postulated cytoprotective effect is mediated through the upregulation of HSP70, and investigate whether the mechanism by which curcumin induces HSP70 expression and confers its protective effect is through activation of the Unfolded Protein Response. LLC-PK1 cells were cultured on collagen-coated filters to mimic conditions of in vivo renal proximal tubule cells and induce cell polarization. Injury with and without curcumin treatment was studied by using chemically-induced ATP-depletion which mimics renal ischemic injury. Cell injury was assessed using a TUNEL assay in order to evaluate DNA cleavage associated with ischemia-induced apoptosis and actin staining used to assess cytoskeletal disruption. Renal ischemic damage was further investigated by determining detachment of the Na-K ATPase from the basolateral membrane, which represents loss of cell polarity.

An overview of language teaching methods from the 1780s to 1980s and beyond. For teachers of English, especially as foreign language.

This pages outlines the methods of teaching, the types of assessment and examinations, lecture delivery and how this differs for research students.

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Although, teaching is the most complicated process yet learning is also an incredibly thorny procedure. The teaching method in different schools is extremely quite different ...

A report from the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation takes a swipe at the whole-language movement for promoting reading materials and teaching methods the author says are of questionable value.