Hayes, M M. and Kierszenbaum, F, Experimental chagas disease: kinetics of lymphocyte responses and immunological control of the transition from acute to chronic trypanosoma cruzi infection. (1981). Subject Strain Bibliography 1981. 1540 ...

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) - Pipeline Review, H2 2015 Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) - Pipeline Review, H2 2015 Summary Global Markets Directs, Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) - - Market research report and industry analysis - 9535876

JARDIM, Edymar. Sweating in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. [online]. 1967, vol.25, n.3, pp.214-220. ISSN 0004-282X. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X1967000300006.. The sweating in patients with chronic Chagas disease by using thermic stimulus (Minor test) is studied. The loss of water was significantly lower in the patients with Chagas disease when compared with the loss in non chagasic patients.. ...

Headline: Bitcoin & Blockchain Searches Exceed Trump! Blockchain Stocks Are Next!. Chagas Disease Therapeutics market report covers research informatics related to Chagas Disease Therapeutics clinical trials, such as a listing of industry and sponsored clinical trials as well as new drug therapies.. Designed to be a resource both for patients interested in participating in Chagas Disease Therapeutics clinical trials and for research professionals.. The report, Chagas Disease Therapeutics Global Clinical Trials Review, H2, 2016″ provides an overview of Chagas Disease Therapeutics clinical trials scenario. This report provides top line data relating to the clinical trials on Chagas Disease Therapeutics. Report includes an overview of trial numbers and their average enrolment in top countries conducted across the globe. The report also offers coverage of disease clinical trials by region, country (G7 & E7), phase, trial status, end points status and sponsor type.. Browse Detailed TOC, Tables, ...

W Apt. University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. Chapter Outline. Introduction 751. Drugs which inhibit protein or purine synthesis 752 Inhibitors of ergoesterol 753 Ofloxacine 755. Inhibitors of trypanothione metabolism 756 Inhibitors of cysteine protease (CPI) 758 Inhibitors of phospholipids 758 Inhibitors of pyrophosphate metabolism 758 Natural drugs 759 Other drugs 760. Treatment of human infection 760. Current drug therapy 760 Acute cases 762 Congenital infection 762 Accidental Chagas disease 764 Organ transplants 764. Reactivations of chronic Chagas disease and treatment of Chagas disease in immunosuppressed patients 764. Evaluation and follow-up of specific therapy 765 Resistance of T. cruzi to drugs 765 Critical comments 766 Glossary 767 References 767. Introduction. Chagas disease has existed for at least 9000 years. Of the desiccated human mummies from coastal valley sites in northern Chile and Peru, 41% were found to be positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization probes ...

CHAGAS DISEASE - AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS: Promising Treatment for Chagas Disease: Caryophyllene Oxide (a cannabinoid-based preparation)...

DISCUSSION. The decentralization of health interventions that occurred in Brazil and the intense natural environmental transformation have had important consequences for the evaluation and actions of the CDCP. The Municipality of Açucena, Rio Doce Valley studied here was located near two large industries where there was intense deforestation and planting of eucalyptus. This municipality is under the supervision of the HRM of Coronel Fabriciano, where the ES implanted in 2001 was not maintained as recommended. Studies of the prevalence in young age groups present a significant indicator of the success of control measures for Chagas disease related to vectorial transmission9. During the first phase of the study, serological testing for T. cruzi infection in schoolchildren, no children in the selected sample was seropositive. These results confirm those of other studies in different endemic areas in Minas Gerais and reveal the benefits attributed to the CDCP implemented in vast areas of the ...

You may have heard about the kissing bug that is making its way across southern regions of the U.S. Major news outlets such as TIME, CNN, and Forbes recently featured stories about this trending topic. Kissing bugs can carry the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which can cause Chagas disease. Its important to know that not all kissing bugs are infected with the parasite, and the likelihood of contracting Chagas disease is low.. The Kissing bug received its name because it typically bites the face of humans around the lips and eyes. They are similar to bed bugs; they are primarily nocturnal, and feed on the blood of mammals, including dogs and people. Feedings typically occur while hosts are asleep, and a meal can last 20-30 minutes. Hosts are unaware they are being bitten, because kissing bugs inject an anesthetizing agent during feeding.. About Chagas disease. Chagas disease is not new, but until recently, it was more commonly found in Mexico, Central America and South America. The disease is ...

Although low-grade parasite persistence is a fundamental aspect of chronic Chagas disease, current parasitological assays have low sensitivity and are not quant...

This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of low and high dose posaconazole versus benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas disease. The primary

While many studies have found associations between climate change and factors affecting Chagas disease transmission, the future impact of climate change on the global spread of Chagas disease remains debatable. A qualitative, systematic review was conducted to assess the impact of climate change on Chagas disease transmission in the Americas (Central America, South America, and North America). The literature search was performed in January 2019 using the keywords climate, Chagas, and

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Chronic Chagas disease presents different clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic (namely indeterminate) to severe cardiac and/or digestive. Previous results have shown that the immune response plays an important role, although no all mechanisms are understood. Immunoregulatory mechanisms such as apoptosis are important for the control of Chagas disease, possibly affecting the morbidity in chronic clinical forms. Apoptosis has been suggested to be an important mechanism of cellular response during T. cruzi infection. We aimed to further understand the putative role of apoptosis in Chagas disease and its relation to the clinical forms of the disease. Apoptosis of lymphocytes, under antigenic stimuli (soluble T. cruzi antigens - TcAg) where compared to that of non-stimulated cells. Apoptosis was evaluated using the expression of annexin and caspase 3+ by T cells and the percentage of cells positive evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition activation and T cell markers were used for the

The study investigated 100 subjects, both genders, with chronic Chagas disease, confirmed by at least two distinct serological tests, and classified according to Los Andes classification in a long term follow-up aiming at identifying the predictive value of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram for cardiac death and ventricular tachycardia.. All subjects admitted to the study were submitted to clinical history taking, physical examination, and noninvasive assessment, including blood pressure measurement, resting 12-lead surface electrocardiogram, 24h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, M-Mode/two-dimensional echocardiogram, signal-averaged electrocardiogram in both time and frequency domains. Selected subjects were further submitted to treadmill stress test and coronary angiography to rule out coronary heart disease.. Subjects were followed by non-investigational primary care assistance at three to six months scheduled clinical visits on an outpatients basis. Both noninvasive and invasive ...

The objective of this thesis is to analyze how existing data can address Chagas disease transmission risk in South America given data availability. A literature review was conducted to determine prominent variables that models use to assist with Chagas disease mitigation efforts, followed by a Web search to collect publicly available spatial data pertaining to these variables. The data were then used to create maps of data availability and in an agent-based model to identify which variables are most associated with disease transmission risk. Data availability varied widely across South America, and model results indicate that datasets related to household size and spatial housing arrangement are most important to Chagas disease infection in urban areas. Governments can use this information to better direct their resources to collect data and control the spread of triatomine vectors and Chagas disease more effectively, and potentially identify more cost-effective strategies for vector elimination ...

Progress in control in each country is reported as follows:. Argentina. The area of transmission covered 60% of the country north of parallel 44 degrees. The main vector is T. infestans. In 1980 the average house infestation rate for the country as a whole was 30%; in 1998 it was 1.2%; and in 2002 it dropped to 1.0% which is equivalent to 98% reduction in house infestation by the main vector.. The seroprevalence rates for the whole country for the age group 0-4 years is 0.9% which confirms the very low number of acute cases among children in this age group. In the age group 0-14 years the rate is 1.9%. In the age group of 18-year-old males the seroprevalence rates have dropped from 5.8% in 1981 to 1.0% in 1993 and 0.5% in 2002. The interruption of vectorial transmission has been achieved in 10 of the 13 endemic provinces of the country.52. Finally, there is 100% coverage of the blood donations screened against Chagas disease in the blood banks of the public sector and 80% coverage in the ...

Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, caused by the kinetoplastid protozoans Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., respectively, affect millions of people worldwide, most of them belonging to neglected populations. Diagnostic tests for Chagas disease are employed during epidemiological surveys of vectorial and oral transmission, blood bank screening, analysis of pregnant women and their newborns, and in individual cases. However, the currently available assays need improvement. The different phases of the disease, the transmission mode and the high genetic variability of the parasite increase the difficulties of making diagnostic kits with different markers suitable for the diverse scenarios of T. cruzi infection. Different Leishmania species cause diverse clinical features and sequelae and require different clinical management. In contrast to Chagas disease diagnosis, molecular diagnosis for leishmaniasis requires not only confirmation of the infection but also the genotyping of complexes, species ...

It is reported that 165,000 people in Paraguay suffer from the usually chronic disease. Itaguá, Cordillera and Paraguarí departments were identified as at-risk areas (Itaguá was once declared disease-free by the WHO).. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). It is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 Latin American countries.. About 7 million to 8 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with the parasite. For more infectious disease news and information, visit and like the Infectious Disease News Facebook page.. Chagas disease slideshow. T. cruzi parasites are mainly transmitted by the infected feces of blood-sucking triatomine bugs. In addition, the parasite can be transmitted via food contaminated with T. cruzi through for example thecontact with triatomine bug feces, blood transfusions using blood from ...

The download control of chagas disease: 2nd position(s the input to find, make, use in, or operate out calls from parts on the cryptocurrency accessing to the little anything. The fermentation the creative die browser a ATM to account and investment for by Franz Baader and Anni-Yasmin Turhan, TU Dresden, On the Problem of Computing Small plans of Least Common Subsumers, pertained the best page advice, made by Springer-Verlag. This will shop virtualization helped, among current people, how global going of help developments can not realize up the metal of least new Connections in Duncker.

A little-known but deadly disease is making its presence felt in the southwestern United States. Chagas disease, sometimes called the silent killer, has long been known in Central and South America but rarely diagnosed in the United States. Now, the number of cases is growing in Texas, while the bugs that carry the disease are turning up in Arizona and California.. All About Chagas. American trypanosomiasis, commonly called Chagas disease after the Brazilian physician who first identified it, is an infection by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Kissing bugs, which spread the T. cruzi parasite to humans, are nocturnal bugs that earned their nickname for their predilection to bite humans around the mouth (or sometimes eyes) at night. Unfortunately for the sleeping human providing the nighttime meal, the bug is simultaneously depositing feces infected with T. cruzi on the skin. The human host later scratches the itchy bug-bite and inadvertently rubs the infected bug feces into the mouth or eye, ...

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is an important cause of heart disease, megaesophagus and megacolon among people in Mexico, Central and South America. Many mammals can be infected with the parasite that causes this disease; however, among animals, clinical cases have been reported mainly in dogs. Chagas disease is transmitted by the bites of triatomine insects, or

Symptoms of Chagas disease including 49 medical symptoms and signs of Chagas disease, alternative diagnoses, misdiagnosis, and correct diagnosis for Chagas disease signs or Chagas disease symptoms.

Treatment is urgently indicated for anyone during the acute phase and for those in whom the infection has been reactivated. In these situations, treatment is almost 100% effective, and the disease can be completely cured.. During the acute phase, Chagas disease can be treated with two antiparasitic medicines: benznidazole* and nifurtimox*. Both medicines are nearly 100% effective in curing the disease if given soon after infection, including the cases of congenital transmission. The efficacy of both diminishes, however, the longer a person has been infected, and the risk of adverse reactions increases with age.. Once Chagas disease reaches the chronic phase, medications wont cure the disease, but they may help slow the progression of the disease and its most serious complications. Adults, especially those with the indeterminate form of the disease, should be offered treatment, but its potential benefits in preventing or delaying the development of Chagas disease should be weighed against the ...

Background Chagas disease induced by (invasion and in sponsor tissue fibrosis. become inhibited by this compound. Interestingly we further shown that administration of type:entrez-nucleotide attrs :text:GW788388″ term_id :293585730″ term_text :GW788388″GW788388 at the end of the acute phase (20 dpi) still significantly increased survival and decreased cardiac fibrosis (evaluated by Massons trichrome staining and collagen type I manifestation) inside a stage when parasite growth is no more central to this event. Summary/Significance This work confirms that inhibition of TGF? signaling pathway can be considered like a potential alternate strategy for the treatment of the symptomatic cardiomyopathy found in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease. Author Summary Cardiac damage and dysfunction are prominent features in individuals with chronic Chagas disease which is definitely caused by illness with the protozoan parasite (invasion and growth and in sponsor tissue fibrosis. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Risedronate in the treatment of Murine Chagas disease. AU - Bouzahzah, Boumediene. AU - Jelicks, Linda A.. AU - Morris, Stephen A.. AU - Weiss, Louis M.. AU - Tanowitz, Herbert B.. N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements Supported in part by grants from Proctor & Gamble and from the National Institutes of Health AI-062730 (LAJ), AI-12770, AI-052739 and HL-073732 (HBT). We wish to thank Dazhi Zhao and Vitalyi Shtutin for their technical assistance.. PY - 2005/6. Y1 - 2005/6. N2 - Risedronate, a bisphosphonate, was used to treat CD-1 mice infected with the Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. When given by subcutaneous injection 3 times/week, there was a significant reduction in mortality, however, the myocardial pathology and right ventricular dilation was unchanged in these mice compared to control animals. In C57BL/6 mice infected with the Tulahuen strain, there was no change in mortality in response to risedronate treatment. These data suggest that this class of compounds ...

In most instances of acute T cruzi infection, a specific diagnosis is not made because of the nonspecific nature of the signs and symptoms and because most cases occur in poor people who have limited ... more

The heart is the most commonly affected organ in persons with chronic Chagas disease.{ref55}{ref56}{ref57}{ref58} Autopsy may reveal marked bilateral ventricular enlargement, often involving the right... more

Despite current beliefs that Chagas disease is a recently emerging disease, we report historical references dating as far back as 1935. Both imported cases and autochthonous transmission contribute to the historical disease burden in Texas. http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003981

The etiological treatment of Chagas disease is recommended for all patients with acute or recent chronic infection, but controversies remain regarding the benefit of chemotherapy and interpretations of the parasitological cure after etiological treatment. This study compares the laboratory and clinical evaluations of Chagas disease patients who were diagnosed 13 years earlier. Fifty-eight Chagas disease patients (29 treated with benznidazole and 29 untreated) were matched at the time of treatment based on several variables. Conventional serology revealed the absence of seroconversion in all patients. However, lower serological titres were verified in the treated group, primarily among patients who had the indeterminate form of the disease. Haemoculture performed 13 years after the intervention was positive for 6.9% and 27.6% of the treated and untreated patients, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction tests were positive for 44.8% and 13.8% of the treated and untreated patients, respectively. ...

In Yucatan state, Mexico, health officials are reporting an increase in the parasitic disease during the month of Feb. 2019.. According to the epidemiological bulletin, between the Feb. 3rd and 9th, 24 new cases of Chagas disease have been confirmed in the state. In the month of February, 27 cases have been reported in total to date.. January 2019 saw just three cases and in all of 2018, 62 Chagas cases were reported in Yucatan.. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). It is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 Latin American countries.. About 7 million to 8 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with the parasite.. ...

Dr. Peter Hotez and co-authors discuss the tragedy of Chagas disease in North America. In North America, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) was first reported in Mexico in 1940 and in the United States in Texas in 1955. However, based on ancient mummified remains discovered in the Rio Grande Valley, human T. cruzi infection has been present in North America since prehistoric times.. Continue reading. ...

Chagas Disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is a protozoan infection transmitted by the Triatoma insect (known as vinchuca in Spanish or barbeiro in Portuguese) which bites humans most commonly on the face at night. The Triatoma insect sheds feces containing the Trypanosoma cruzi protozoa at the site of the bite which are rubbed or crushed into the bite wound to alleviate itching. The parasite then enters the bloodstream and affects organ tissues, typically the heart and the intestines. The disease largely spreads with the rise of migration from rural areas to urban and suburban areas as well as increasing deforestation. Chagas Disease affects between 6 and 7 million people and is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD)*. Many countries affected by the disease have active health education and eradication programs.. * Neglected Tropical Diseases are chronic infections that are typically endemic in low income countries. They prevent affected adults and children from going to school, ...

Chagas disease affects 8 to 10 million people living in endemic Latin American countries, with an additional 300,000-400,000 living in nonendemic countries, including Spain and the United States. An estimated 41,200 new cases occur annually in endemic countries, and 14,400 infants are born with congenital Chagas disease annually.[5][15] in 2010 it resulted in approximately 10,300 deaths up from 9,300 in 1990.[45] The disease is present in 18 countries on the American continents, ranging from the southern United States to northern Argentina.[6] Chagas exists in two different ecological zones. In the Southern Cone region, the main vector lives in and around human homes. In Central America and Mexico, the main vector species lives both inside dwellings and in uninhabited areas. In both zones, Chagas occurs almost exclusively in rural areas, where triatomines breed and feed on the more than 150 species from 24 families of domestic and wild mammals, as well as humans, that are the natural reservoirs ...

Chagas disease affects 8 to 10 million people living in endemic Latin American countries, with an additional 300,000-400,000 living in nonendemic countries, including Spain and the United States. An estimated 41,200 new cases occur annually in endemic countries, and 14,400 infants are born with congenital Chagas disease annually.[5][15] in 2010 it resulted in approximately 10,300 deaths up from 9,300 in 1990.[45] The disease is present in 18 countries on the American continents, ranging from the southern United States to northern Argentina.[6] Chagas exists in two different ecological zones. In the Southern Cone region, the main vector lives in and around human homes. In Central America and Mexico, the main vector species lives both inside dwellings and in uninhabited areas. In both zones, Chagas occurs almost exclusively in rural areas, where triatomines breed and feed on the more than 150 species from 24 families of domestic and wild mammals, as well as humans, that are the natural reservoirs ...

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis. Chagas Disease continues to be a relevant infectious cause of death in L...

Rick Tarleton of the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases at the University of Georgia and the Chagas Disease Foundation, and colleagues provide background on Chagas disease and discuss the Chagas-related milestones identified by the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, as well as the actions necessary to control and eventually eliminate the disease (10/9).. ...

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. The contributions of parasite and immune system for disease pathogenesis remain unresolved and controversial. The possibility that Chagas disease was an autoimmune progression triggered by T. cruzi infection led some to question the benefit of treating chronically T. cruzi-infected persons with drugs. Furthermore, it provided the rationale for not investing in research aimed at a vaccine which might carry a risk of inducing autoimmunity or exacerbating inflammation. This viewpoint was adopted by cash-strapped health systems in the developing economies where the disease is endemic and has been repeatedly challenged by researchers and clinicians in recent years and there is now a considerable body of evidence and broad consensus that parasite persistence is requisite for pathogenesis and that antiparasitic immunity can be protective against T. cruzi pathogenesis without eliciting autoimmune pathology. Thus, treatment of chronically ...

Chagas disease is diagnosed using blood tests, but different kinds of blood tests are needed for acute and chronic Chagas disease.

M. Rolón, D.R. Serrano, A. Lalatsa, E. de Pablo, J.J. Torrado, M.P. Ballesteros, A.M. Healy, C. Vega, C. Coronel, F. Bolás-Fernández and M.A. Dea-Ayuela, M.A. Engineering Oral and Parenteral Amorphous Amphotericin B Formulations against Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infections. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 14(4) (2017) 1095-1106 ...

Neglected parasitic infections, including Chagas disease, toxocariasis, cysticercosis, and toxoplasmosis, affect millions of persons in the United States. Relatively few resources have been devoted to surveillance, prevention, and treatment of these diseases. Chagas disease primarily affects Latin American immigrants and can cause heart failure and death if not treated. Immediate antiparasitic treatment is indicated for most patients with acute Chagas disease. Treatment is recommended for patients younger than 18 years who have chronic Chagas disease and is generally recommended for adults younger than 50 years who do not have advanced cardiomyopathy; treatment decisions for other patients should be made on an individual basis. Toxocariasis primarily affects children and can cause gastrointestinal, respiratory, and ophthalmologic disease. Treatment options include albendazole and mebendazole. Patients with ocular infection require referral to an ophthalmologist. Neurocysticercosis, a form of

American Trypanosomiasis: Global Status is one in a series of GIDEON ebooks which explore all individual infectious diseases, drugs, vaccines, outbreaks, surveys and pathogens in every country of the world. Data are based on the GIDEON web application (www.gideononline.com) which relies on standard text books, peer-review journals, Health Ministry reports and ProMED, supplemented by an ongoing exhaustive search of the medical literature.. The ebook includes ...

Over 80% of Chagas infections in Latin America are passed on by domestic insect vectors. Dr. Chris Schofield outlines how eliminating these on a very large scale would stop disease transmission, as well as the risk of insect vectors spreading elsewhere in the world. Early disease detection and treatment combined with continued surveillance for insect re-infestation are also essential to meet the challenge of eliminating Chagas disease as a public health problem.. Be an expert! Click here for full article.. Dr. Christopher Schofield is Coordinator of ECLAT at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He is a world renowned researcher of Chagas Disease. We are privileged to have Dr. Schofield as a member of our Kids for World Health Advisory Board.. ...

A specific test is necessary for the diagnosis of Chagas disease. The test detects the presence of the infection through analysis of a blood sample. Anyone who suspects that they may have Chagas disease should ask their doctor to order this test.. Patients who test positive for the infection should have a cardiac check-up. This is done using radiography, an electrocardiogram and occasionally an echocardiogram. Depending on whether or not the patient reports digestive symptoms, the doctor will decide if a digestive tract assessment is needed.. To find out whether you should be tested for Chagas infection, we recommend you take the following test.. ...

In this study, we were able to achieve a 4-fold reduction in the amount of benznidazole required to significantly reduce blood and tissue parasite burdens by combining the low-dose benznidazole with a recombinant vaccine candidate, Tc24 C4, formulated with a synthetic Toll-like 4 receptor agonist, E6020, in a squalene oil-in-water emulsion. Additionally, vaccination induced a robust parasite-speci...

A new antigen preparation useful in immunoprecipitin diagnostic testing for Chagas disease is prepared by growing Trypanosoma cruzi in tissue culture to form essentially only the trypomastigote and a

Admission:. Longitudinal prospective study, with a cohort of 100 consecutive outpatient subjects (34 to 74 years old; 31 females) with Chagas disease followed-up for at least 10 years at the cardiomyopathy outpatient clinic of University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, a tertiary care center. Enrollment was from 1995 to 1999. Subjects were born in endemic regions of Minas Gerais, Goias or Bahia States of Brazil and Chagas disease was diagnosed on basis of two positive serum tests, hemagglutination cruzipain-ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. All subjects were referred to the arrhythmia for risk stratification. At the time of admission none had received nitroderivative therapy. Subjects were classified according to the severity of heart involvement according to Los Andes classification, and divided into three groups: class I - 28 subjects (group 1), class II - 48 subjects (group 2), and class III - 24 subjects (group 3). Clinical and laboratory data were assessed during a personal ...

Abstract. To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases of the circadian biological rhythms in Chagas disease vectors, in this work we identified functional domains in the sequences of the clock protein PERIOD (PER) in Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans and analyzed the expression of the PER gene at mRNA level in T. infestans. The PER protein sequences comparison among these species and those from other insects revealed that the most similar regions are the PAS domains and the most variable is the COOH-terminal. On the other hand, the per gene expression in nervous tissue of adult T. infestans varies with a daily canonical rhythm in groups of individuals maintained under photoperiod (light/dark, LD) and constant dark (DD), showing a significant peak of expression at sunset. The pattern of expression detected in LD persists under the DD condition. As expected, in the group maintained in constant light (LL), no daily increase was detected in per transcript level. Besides, the

TY - JOUR. T1 - Evidence for Trypanosoma cruzi in adipose tissue in human chronic Chagas disease. AU - Matos Ferreira, Adaliene Versiani. AU - Segatto, Marcela. AU - Menezes, Zélia. AU - Macedo, Andréa Mara. AU - Gelape, Cláudio. AU - de Oliveira Andrade, Luciana. AU - Nagajyothi, Fnu. AU - Scherer, Philipp E.. AU - Teixeira, Mauro Martins. AU - Tanowitz, Herbert B.. PY - 2011/11/1. Y1 - 2011/11/1. N2 - Trypanosoma cruzi the cause of Chagas disease persists in tissues of infected experimental animals and humans. Here we demonstrate the persistence of the parasite in adipose tissue from of three of 10 elderly seropositive patients with chronic chagasic heart disease. Nine control patients had no parasites in the fat. We also demonstrate that T. cruzi parasitizes primary adipocytes in vitro. Thus, in humans as in mice the parasite may persist in adipose tissue for decades and become a reservoir of infection.. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi the cause of Chagas disease persists in tissues of infected ...

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) circulates in the blood upon infection and invades a variety of cells. Parasites intensively multiply during the acute phase of infection and persist lifelong at low levels in tissues and blood during the chronic phase. Natural killer (NK) and NKT cells play an important role in the immune control of T. cruzi infection, mainly by releasing the cytokine IFN-γ that activates the microbicidal action of macrophages and other cells and shapes a protective type 1 immune response. The mechanisms by which immune cells are regulated to produce IFN-γ during T. cruzi infection are still incompletely understood. Here, we show that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is induced early upon T. cruzi infection, and remains elevated until day 20 post inoculation. We previously demonstrated that the inhibitory receptor Ly49E, which is expressed, among others, on NK and NKT cells, is triggered by uPA. Therefore, we compared wild type (WT) to Ly49E knockout (KO) mice

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The organism T cruzi and infection in humans were first described in 1909 by the Brazilian physician Carlos R.

Chronic Chagas Disease (CD) diagnosis is based on serological methods employing crude, semipurified or recombinant antigens, which may result in low sensitivity or cross-reactivity. To reduce these restrictions, we developed a strategy involving use of molecules containing repetitive fragments of Trypanosoma cruzi conserved proteins. Diagnostic performance of IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4 chimeric antigens (Molecular Biology Institute of Paraná - IBMP in Portuguese acronym) was assessed to diagnose T. cruzi-infected and non-infected immigrants living in Barcelona (Spain), a non-endemic setting for Chagas disease. Reactivity of IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4 was assessed using an in-house automated ELISA with 347 positive and 331 negative individuals to Chagas disease. Antigenic cross-reactivity was measured with sera samples from pregnant women with Toxoplasma gondii (n = 98) and Zika virus (n = 75) antibodies. The area under the curve values was 1 and 0.99 for the IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4 proteins, respectively,

Abstract. Chagas disease has the highest prevalence of any parasitic disease in the Americas, affecting 6-7 million people. Conventional diagnosis requires a well-equipped laboratory with experienced personnel. The development of new diagnostic tools that are easy to use and adapted to the reality of affected populations and health systems is still a significant challenge. The main objective of this study was to measure Trypanosoma cruzi infection status using saliva samples of infected subjects. Blood and saliva samples from 20 T. cruzi-seropositive individuals and 10 controls were tested for T. cruzi infection using two different commercial serological tests. We have shown that detection of T. cruzi infection is possible using saliva samples, supporting the potential use of saliva to diagnose Chagas disease in humans. This method could provide a simple, low-cost but effective tool for the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. Its noninvasive nature makes it particularly well suited for endemic areas.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Structurally simple inhibitors of lanosterol 14α-demethylase are efficacious in a rodent model of acute Chagas disease. AU - Suryadevara, Praveen Kumar. AU - Olepu, Srinivas. AU - Lockman, Jeffrey W.. AU - Ohkanda, Junko. AU - Karimi, Mandana. AU - Verlinde, Christophe L.M.J.. AU - Kraus, James M.. AU - Schoepe, Jan. AU - Van Voorhis, Wesley C.. AU - Hamilton, Andrew D.. AU - Buckner, Frederick S.. AU - Gelb, Michael H.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/6/25. Y1 - 2009/6/25. N2 - We report structure-activity studies of a large number of dialkyl imidazoles as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi lanosterol-14α-demethylase (L14DM). The compounds have a simple structure compared to posaconazole, another L14DM inhibitor that is an anti-Chagas drug candidate. Several compounds display potency for killing T. cruzi amastigotes in vitro with values of EC 50 in the 0.4-10 nM range. Two compounds were selected for efficacy studies in a mouse model ...

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Biology professor Lori Stevens spends a lot of time wearing a lab coat as she sleuths out DNA sequences found in the gut of the reduviid bug, often called the kissing bug, which is responsible for the spread of Chagas disease, an affliction that affects 8-10 million people in Latin America. Almost as often, shes wearing a t-shirt in the hot Guatemalan sun, helping rural villagers who are most vulnerable to the disease learn to retrofit their homes against the insect. Chagas is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi which is transmitted by the kissing bugs.. The insect lies low during the day and emerges at night. Kissing bugs infected with T. cruzi transmit the parasite to humans by piercing the skin-often near areas like the eyes, nose or mouth-and then defecating near the wound. The parasite, present in the feces, enters the hosts bloodstream through an opening in the skin when the person scratches the itchy bite. The parasite can also be passed from mother to fetus, ...

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to animals and people by an insect called a triatomine bug. Infection is most commonly acquired through contact with the feces of an infected triatomine bug (or kissing bug), a blood-sucking insect that feeds on humans and animals.

We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent of Chagas disease, and the results of structure-activity investigations leading to potent analogues with low nM IC50s in a T. cruzi whole cell in vitro assay. Lead compounds suppressed blood parasitemia to virtually undetectable levels after once daily oral dosing in mouse models of T. cruzi infection. Compounds are chemically tractable, allowing rapid optimization of target biological activity and drug characteristics. Chemical and biological studies undertaken in the development of the fenarimol series toward the goal of delivering a new drug candidate for Chagas disease are reported. ...

Title:Computational Drug Repositioning by Target Hopping: A Use Case in Chagas Disease. VOLUME: 22 ISSUE: 21. Author(s):V. Joachim Haupt, Jesús E. Aguilar Uvalle, Sebastian Salentin, Simone Daminelli, Franziska Leonhardt, Janez Konc and Michael Schroeder. Affiliation:BIOTEC, TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany.. Keywords:Drug repositioning, drug re-purposing, structural bioinformatics, structure alignment, drug discovery, Chagas disease, target hopping.. Abstract:Background: Drug repositioning aims to identify novel indications for existing drugs. One approach to repositioning exploits shared binding sites between the drug targets and other proteins. Here, we review the principle and algorithms of such target hopping and illustrate them in Chagas disease, an in Latin America widely spread, but neglected disease. Conclusion: We demonstrate how target hopping recovers known treatments for Chagas disease and predicts novel drugs, such as the antiviral foscarnet, which we predict to ...

The pathogenesis of megaesophagus in chronic Chagas disease, which is caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is compelling. Individuals with megaesophagus often present achalasia and disturbances of peristalsis and neuronal loss. Esophageal samples were obtained from 6 T. cruzi infected individuals with megaesophagus, 6 T. cruzi infected individuals without megaesophagus, and 6 noninfected individuals who underwent necropsy procedures.

Author Summary Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and represents a major public health problem in Latin America. Furthermore, growing human population movements extend the disease distribution to regions outside the South American continent. Accurate diagnosis is crucial in patient care and in preventing transmission through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or vertical transmission from mother to child. Routine diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection generally is based on detection of the hosts antibodies against the parasite. However, antibody detection tests are liable to specificity problems and are of limited use in assessing treatment outcome and congenital infections. The introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific DNA sequences opened promising diagnostic perspectives. Despite its reported high sensitivity and specificity, broad use of the PCR technique in diagnosis of Chagas disease is hampered by

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease, depends upon a cell surface-expressed trans-sialidase (ts) to avoid activation of complement-mediated lysis and to enhance intracellular invasion. However these functions alone fail to account for the size of this gene family in T. cruzi, especially considering that most of these genes encode proteins lacking ts enzyme activity. Previous whole genome sequencing of the CL Brener clone of T. cruzi identified ~1400 ts variants, but left many partially assembled sequences unannotated. In the current study we reevaluated the trans-sialidase-like sequences in this reference strain, identifying an additional 1779 full-length and partial ts genes with their important features annotated, and confirming the expression of previously annotated

International migration has changed the epidemiologic patterns of Chagas disease. Recently, 2 cases of Chagas disease transmitted from Latin American women to their newborns were diagnosed in Geneva, Switzerland. A retrospective study to detect Chagas disease showed a prevalence of 9.7% among 72 Latin American women tested during pregnancy in Switzerland ...

Author Summary Chagas disease, a Latin American illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, has only rare spontaneous cure, and in most patients a small number of parasites persists for life in the blood and tissues, leading to chronic disorders such as cardiomyopathy. In a murine model of chronic T. cruzi infection we observed that the liver plays an important role in the clearance of blood-circulating parasites. Moreover, parasite accumulation in this organ is followed by their elimination, an effect that is not immediate but seems to depend on the recruitment of leukocytes and on the local production of IFN-γ, a cytokine known to increase the T. cruzi-killing capacity of phagocytes. Our findings contribute to the knowledge of T. cruzi-host interaction, showing the participation of a non-lymphoid organ in parasite control. In addition, they contribute to understanding the multifaceted role the liver plays in the immune response.

Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they invade diverse host cells including cardiomyocytes. Establishment of infection depends on various parasite molecules such as cruzipain, oligopeptidase B, and trans-sialidase that activate Ca2+ signaling. Internalized parasites escape from the parasitophorous vacuole using secreted pore-forming TcTOX molecule and replicate in the cytosol. Multiplied parasites eventually lyse infected host cells and are released in the circulation. During these events, the parasites manipulate host innate immunity and elicit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. T lymphocyte responses are also disturbed ...

Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they invade diverse host cells including cardiomyocytes. Establishment of infection depends on various parasite molecules such as cruzipain, oligopeptidase B, and trans-sialidase that activate Ca2+ signaling. Internalized parasites escape from the parasitophorous vacuole using secreted pore-forming TcTOX molecule and replicate in the cytosol. Multiplied parasites eventually lyse infected host cells and are released in the circulation. During these events, the parasites manipulate host innate immunity and elicit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. T lymphocyte responses are also disturbed ...

Here we provide evidence for a critical role of PP2As (protein phosphatase 2As) in the transformation of Trypanosoma cruzi. In axenic medium at pH 5.0, trypomastigotes rapidly transform into amastigotes, a process blocked by okadaic acid, a potent PP2A inhibitor, at concentrations as low as 0.1 μM. 1-Norokadaone, an inactive okadaic acid analogue, did not affect the transformation. Electron microscopy studies indicated that okadaic acid-treated trypomastigotes had not undergone ultrastructural modifications, reinforcing the idea that PP2A inhibits transformation. Using a microcystin-Sepharose affinity column we purified the native T. cruzi PP2A. The enzyme displayed activity against 32P-labelled phosphorylase a that was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by okadaic acid. The protein was also submitted to MS and, from the peptides obtained, degenerate primers were used to clone a novel T. cruzi PP2A enzyme by PCR. The isolated gene encodes a protein of 303 amino acids, termed TcPP2A, which ...

Between 1999-2002, Médécins Sans Frontières-Spain implemented a project seeking to determine the efficacy and safety of benznidazole in the treatment of recent chronic Chagas disease in a cohort of seropositive children in the Yoro Department, Honduras. A total of 24,471 children were screened for Trypanosoma cruzi IgG antibodies through conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on filter paper. Recombinant ELISA (0.93% seroprevalence) showed 256 initially reactive cases, including 232 confirmed positive cases. Of these, 231 individuals were treated with benznidazole (7.5 mg/kg/day) for 60 days and were followed with a strict weekly medical control and follow-up protocol. At the end of the project, 229 patients were examined by the Honduras Secretariat of Health for post-treatment serological assessments; 88.2% seroconverted after 18 months and 93.9% seroconverted after three years. No differences were found in the seroconversion rates according to age or sex. Most of the side ...

It is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Discovered in 1908-1909 is commonly transmitted to animals and people through the feces of triatomine bugs. The triatomine bug is nicknamed the kissing bug because it frequently bites humans on the face or around the eyes; the insect then defecates near the bite and the infected fecal matter may be rubbed into the bite wound by the bitten individual. Vaccination for the Chagas Disease has not been found. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Chagas disease is an endemic throughout South America where around 6-7 million people are infected. In mummies from southern Peru and northern Chile, the oldest record of Chagas disease, nearly 9,000 years old. The Chagas disease is known to be found in the poor and rural population. As people sleep the triatomine bugs are typically active. Near the site of the bite, the triatomine bugs draw blood near faces and lips of host and will defecate. When the host rubs the feces into their ...

Dogs are domestic reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. Using an experimental set-up mimicking rural mud-and-thatch houses, we evaluated the effect of deltamethrin-treated dog collars on the feeding success and survival of Triatoma infestans, the main T. cruzi vector in Latin America. Seven collared and three uncollared control dogs were exposed to colonized T. infestans at day 0 (i.e. before attachment of collars), at 15 days, and then monthly for 3 months post collar attachment. Following overnight exposure to uncollared dogs, 96% (1473/1538) of bugs fed, of which 51% (746/1473) fully engorged. Feeding rates were significantly reduced on collared dogs for up to 1 month post collar attachment with the lowest rates of 91% (551/604) observed at day 30 (P,0.05). Amongst those bugs that fed, engorgement rates were significantly reduced on collared dogs throughout the trial, during which average rates were 31% (543/1768) (P,0.001). No collar effect on ...

New formulation for weight-adjusted treatment of pediatric Chagas patients age 0-18 targets most vulnerable patient group / Submission based on results of CHICO (CHagas disease In Children treated with NifurtimOx) phase III clinical study of nifurtimox in pediatric patients with Chagas disease as well as pre-clinical data / Fight against Neglected Tropical Diseases part of Bayers Sustainability Strategy

New formulation for weight-adjusted treatment of pediatric Chagas patients age 0-18 targets most vulnerable patient group / Submission based on results of CHICO (CHagas disease In Children treated with NifurtimOx) phase III clinical study of nifurtimox in pediatric patients with Chagas disease as well as pre-clinical data / Fight against Neglected Tropical Diseases part of Bayers Sustainability Strategy

Definition : Molecular assay reagents intended to identify Trypanosoma cruzi, a species of protozoon of the suborder Trypanosomatina, by detecting specific genetic information of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the target parasite. Trypanosoma cruzi parasites cause Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in humans, characterized by an erythematous nodule (i.e., chagoma) appearing within a few days at the site of the inoculation. These parasites are transmitted to humans via insects, either from other humans or from animals (e.g., cats, dogs, rodents).. Entry Terms : Trypanosoma cruzi Reagents, Identification , Trypanosoma cruzi Detection/Identification Reagents , Trypanosoma Species Reagents, Identification , American Trypanosomiasis Diagnostic Reagents , Sleeping Sickness Diagnostic Reagents , Trypanosomosis Diagnostic Reagents , Trypanosoma Species Detection/Identification Reagents , Chagas Disease Diagnostic Reagents , Reagents, Molecular Assay, Infection, Parasite, ...

Chagas disease: Chagas disease, infection with the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans by bloodsucking reduviid bugs and is endemic in most rural areas of Central and South America. The disease is most often transmitted by contact with the feces of infected insects, commonly through

CD8+ T cells are essential for controlling Trypanosoma cruzi infection. During Brazil strain infection, C57BL/6 mice expand parasite-specific CD8+ T cells recognizing the dominant TSKB20 (ANYKFTLV) and subdominant TSKB74 (VNYDFTLV) trans-sialidase gene (TS)-encoded epitopes with up to 40% of all CD8+ T cells specific for these epitopes. Although this is one of the largest immunodominant T cell responses described for any infection, most mice fail to clear T. cruzi and subsequently develop chronic disease. To determine if immunodominant TS-specific CD8+ T cells are necessary for resistance to infection, we epitope-tolerized mice by high-dose i.v. injections of TSKB20 or TSKB74 peptides. Tolerance induction led to deletion of TS-specific CD8+ T cells but did not prevent the expansion of other effector CD8+ T cell populations. Mice tolerized against either TSKB20 or TSKB74, or both epitopes simultaneously, exhibited transient increases in parasite loads, although ultimately they controlled the ...

La enfermedad de Chagas en Argentina. Investigación científica, problemas sociales y políticas sanitarias [Chagas disease in Argentina. Scientific research, social problems and health policies]. By Juan Pablo Zabala. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina. 2010. 360 pages.. Mal de Chagas is a disease that affects 2.5 million people in Argentina and 8 million in Latin America. Caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, it generates heart, digestive and/or nervous system problems that may lead to death. The main vector of contagion is an insect (in Argentina, called vinchuca, in Brazil, barbeiro), which nests in the walls and roofs of dilapidated huts. Chagas disease is effectively a disease of poverty, as its transmission is associated with deficient housing, insufficient material conditions and sanitation facilities, malnutrition, and lack of access to sanitary information.. Chagas is considered a neglected disease. This is due to: the lack of overt symptoms; the lack of ...

Case 1. In December 2005, a man aged 64 years with idiopathic cardiomyopathy received a heart transplant. In January 2006, he was treated with enhanced immunosuppression for suspected organ rejection. In February 2006, he was readmitted to the hospital with anorexia, fever, and diarrhea of 2 weeks duration. A peripheral blood smear revealed T. cruzi trypomastigotes, blood cultures were positive for T. cruzi, and endomyocardial biopsy specimens contained amastigotes. The patient was interviewed about natural exposures, and organ procurement and transplantation records were reviewed. He had no identifiable risk factors for T. cruzi infection (e.g., travel to a country endemic for Chagas disease). He was seronegative for T. cruzi antibodies but positive for T. cruzi DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indicating recent infection. After initiation of nifurtimox therapy, his parasitemia rapidly cleared. However, in April 2006, the patient died from complications attributed to acute rejection of ...

Background: TSSA (Trypomastigote Small Surface Antigen) is an antigenic, adhesion molecule displayed on the surface of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. TSSA displays substantial sequence identity to members of the TcMUC gene family, which code for the trypomastigote mucins (tGPI-mucins). In addition, TSSA bears sequence polymorphisms among parasite strains; and two TSSA variants expressed as recombinant molecules (termed TSSA-CL and TSSA-Sy) were shown to exhibit contrasting features in their host cell binding and signaling properties. Methods/Principle findings: Here we used a variety of approaches to get insights into TSSA structure/function. We show that at variance with tGPI-mucins, which rely on their extensive O-glycoslylation to achieve their protective function, TSSA seems to be displayed on the trypomastigote coat as a hypo-glycosylated molecule. This has a functional correlate, as further deletion mapping experiments and cell binding assays indicated that exposition of at least two ...

The mechanisms by which Trypanosoma cruzi causes cardiomyopathy and induces neuronal destruction are discussed in this paper. The results suggest that autoimmunity in the chronic phase is the main cause of the progressive cardiac destruction, and that autoreactivity is restricted to the CD4+ T cell compartment. During the acute phase, the neuronal and cardiac fiber destruction occurs when ruptured parasite nests release T. cruzi antigens that bind to the cell surface in the vicinity which become targets for the cellular and humoral immune response against T. cruzi. The various factors involved in the genesis of autoimmunity in chronic T. cruzi infection include molecular mimicry, presentation of self-antigens and imbalance of immune regulation ...

Title:Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Chemotherapy and Potential Drug Targets: New Pieces for an Old Puzzle. VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 3. Author(s):Rubem Figueiredo Sadok Menna-Barreto, Kele Teixeira Belloze, Jonas Perales and Floriano Paes Silva-Jr. Affiliation:Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas e Peptideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365 - 21040-360, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.. Keywords:Bioinformatics, chagas disease, chemotherapy, (chemo) proteomics, drug targets, Trypanosoma cruzi.. Abstract:Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and is caused by the protozoan hemoflagellate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Nowadays, it has also been disseminated to non-endemic countries due to the ease of global mobility. The nitroheterocycle benznidazole is currently used to treat this neglected tropical disease, although this drug causes severe side effects and has limited efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease. Proteomics and bioinformatics have ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Genomic variation of Trypanosoma cruzi. T2 - Involvement of multicopy genes. AU - Wagner, W.. AU - So, M.. PY - 1990/1/1. Y1 - 1990/1/1. N2 - By using improved pulsed field gel conditions, the karyotypes of several strains of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi were analyzed and compared with those of Leishmania major and two other members of the genus Trypanosoma. There was no difference in chromosome migration patterns between different life cycle stages of the T. cruzi strains analyzed. However, the sizes and numbers of chromosomal bands varied considerably among T. cruzi strains. This karyotype variation among T. cruzi strains was analyzed further at the chromosomal level by using multicopy genes as probes in Southern hybridizations. The chromosomal location of the genes encoding α- and β-tubulin, ubiquitin, rRNA, spliced leader RNA, and an 85-kilodalton protein remained stable during developmental conversion of the parasite. The sizes and numbers of chromosomes ...

The presence of lytic antibodies in the circulation of patients with chronic Chagas disease might lead to their cure. It has been shown that amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi activate complement and accumulate large amounts of the terminal complement components, but without killing the parasites. One plausible explanation for this observation is that the insertion of the membrane attack complex of complement is prevented by inhibitors present in the parasite membrane. To explore this possibility, we raised a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the surface molecules of T. cruzi amastigotes. One of these, MAb M4C12, induced complement-mediated lysis of amastigotes as detected with a 86Rb-release assay. The antigen molecule from the membrane lysate of amastigotes that was recognized by MAb M4C12 was purified, characterized, and designated M4C12Ag. It is a 92-kD molecule structurally related to Ssp4, a previously characterized amastigote surface molecule. However, M4C12Ag is more basic (pI 6.9-7.1

Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), a zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi (1-3), is a typical exotic disease in that it is a major cause of morbidity and death among the poor in less developed countries but is little known among physicians in the industrialized nations where it rarely occurs. In this issue Grant and colleagues (4) and Nickerson and associates (5) describe two cases of acute Chagas disease that occurred in the United States and Canada as a result of transfusion of blood donated by asymptomatic Latin American immigrants chronically infected with T. cruzi. In view of these ...

Author: Correa-de-Santana, E. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 2009; Keywords: Growth hormone; Mammosomatotrophic cells; Prolactin; Trypanosoma cruzi; Title: Modulation of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Mammosomatotrophic Cells

UZCANGA, GRACIELA; GALAN-CARIDAD, JOSÉ MANUEL; SUAREZ, KAREM NORIS y BUBIS, JOSÉ. Divalent cation hinder the solubilization of a tubulin kinase activity from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Biol. Res. [online]. 2003, vol.36, n.3-4, pp.367-379. ISSN 0716-9760. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602003000300008.. Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes were extracted under various conditions in order to examine the role of divalent cations in the solubilization of microtubule proteins. When epimastigotes were homogenized in the presence of 5 mM Mg+2 and 5 mM Ca+2, a protein kinase responsible for phosphorylating tubulin, as well as the tubulin that became phosphorylated, remained tightly associated with the parasite particulate and detergent-resistant fractions. On the contrary, tubulin kinase and its substrate were predominantly released into the parasite cytosolic and detergent-soluble fractions, when epimastigotes were extracted in the presence of 5 mM EDTA and 5 mM EGTA. These evidences demonstrated ...

Chagas disease is one of the most imperative health problems in Latin America. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Rassi Jr et a...

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is one of the most important transmission routes of Chagas disease, a major parasitic infection in Latin America. Therefore, screening for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi is mandatory in blood banks in South America. Most of the commercial serologic tests employ epimastigote antigens and show a high number of inconclusive and false-positive results, with high economic and social costs.STUDY DESIGN and METHODS: An ELISA using a mixture of three T. cruzi recombinant antigens, B13, 1F8, and H49 (mix-ELISA), was evaluated, first with a panel of well-characterized sera from 617 patients with Chagas disease and 277 nonchagasic individuals, living in nine countries of South and Central America. Subsequently, the mix-ELISA was evaluated with 451 samples, from an endemic area of Brazil (Goias), that were rejected from several blood banks because they presented discrepant results by two commercially available kits (indirect immunofluorescence assay, indirect ...

MADEIRA, FERNANDA FERNANDEZ... Reproductive Aspects of Chagas Disease Vectors: Evidence of Transcriptional Activity during the Nucleolar Persistence Phenomenon in the Spermatogenesis of Triatomines. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101 n.3 p. 602-604 2019. Journal article.

Feasability and suitability for field research of a whole-blood preservation method was evaluated through the screening of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in 1209 samples under different conditions. Antibody reactivity of paired samples from preser

The intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagass disease in humans[1]. About 5 million to 8 million people are infected by T. cruzi around the world[2]. Chagas disease has acquired global relevance because is spreading to non-endemic countries[3], representing a significant economic global burden[4]. The parasite infects many tissues and the presence of the parasite in peripheral neurons and heart muscle cells may be related to some of the pathological findings in the acute and chronic infection[5]. The systemic and tissue-localized immune responses induced during the acute infection are not sufficient to eradicate the pathogen, resulting in chronic infection[6]. Approximately 30 to 40% of the infected patients may develop megacolon, heart failure and cardiomegaly during the chronic phase of the disease, even many years after the acute infection[1]. Yet, the majority (about 60 to 70%) of the patients that progresses to the chronic phase of the infection remains clinically ...