There have been relatively few community-based studies of long-term prognosis after acute stroke. This study aimed to provide precise estimates of the absolute and relative risks of dying in an unselected cohort of patients with a first-ever stroke.. Six hundred seventy-five patients were registered by a community-based stroke register (the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project) and prospectively followed up for up to 6.5 years. Their relative risk of death was calculated using age- and sex-specific mortality rates for Oxfordshire.. During the first 30 days, 129 (19%) patients died. Patients who survived at least 30 days after a first-ever stroke thereafter had an average annual risk of death of 9.1%, 2.3-fold the risk in people from the general population. Although the absolute (about 15%) and relative (about threefold) risks of death were highest in these 30-day survivors over the first year after the stroke, they were at increased risk of dying over the next few years (range of relative risk ...

BACKGROUND:. Cerebral infarction is a major contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in sickle cell anemia (SCA). DESIGN NARRATIVE:. The investigators tested the hypotheses that young children with SCA experienced a variable period of asymptomatic progressive central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy prior to cerebral infarction; that pre-infarct CNS vasculopathy could be identified by non-invasive imaging techniques:MRI, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and transcranial Doppler (TCD); and that therapeutic intervention at this stage of the disease could significantly reduce the subsequent occurrence of cerebral infarction. MRI, MRA, TCD, and standardized neurologic and psychometric examinations were performed yearly in a cohort of homozygous Hb SS children enrolled at 2-4 years of age. Subjects without MRI evidence of cerebral infarction who had significant cerebral vasculopathy (cerebral arterial stenosis on MRA and/or elevated blood flow velocity on TCD) were randomized to receive ...

Background: Moderate to severe or bilateral carotid stenosis is associated with cerebral atrophy and cognitive decline. Prior studies have evaluated global atrophy and its correlation with the degree of stenosis. It is unclear whether carotid stenosis can lead to unilateral cerebral changes.. Objective: To evaluate for unilateral cerebral atrophy in asymptomatic patients with moderated to severe extracranial unilateral carotid stenosis.. Methods: Subjects were selected from patients who had undergone carotid vascular imaging and MRI of the brain, from January 2007 to January 2013 at our institution. Patients with history of TIA or ischemic stroke were excluded. Carotid stenosis (CS) group consisted of patients with unilateral moderate to severe carotid stenosis (n=9). Patients without any stenosis (n=5) were used as controls. T1-weighted brain images (FOV 256 x 256 x128, resolution 1.5 x 1.5 x 5 mm) were registered to Talairach space using FSL software. Non-brain tissue was removed using the BET ...

Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative that shows a preferential cerebrovascular activity in experimental animals. Clinical data suggest that nimodipine has a beneficial effect on the neurologic outcome of patients suffering an acute ischemic stroke. Our double-blind placebo-controlled multi...

Looking for hemorrhagic infarct? Find out information about hemorrhagic infarct. Localized death of tissue that is caused by obstructed inflow of arterial blood. Also known as infarction. a focus of organ or tissue necrosis resulting... Explanation of hemorrhagic infarct

Large hemispheric infarction (LHI) is a severe form of stroke with high mortality and disability rates. The purpose of this study was to explore predictive indicators of the in-hospital mortality of LHI patients treated conservatively without decompressive hemicraniectomy. We performed a retrospective study of 187 consecutive patients with LHI between January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2019. The receiver operating curves were preformed to evaluate predictive performance of demographics factors, biomarkers and radiologic characteristics. Significant prognostic factors were combined to build a nomogram to predict the risk of in-hospital death of individual patients. One hundred fifty-eight patients with LHI were finally enrolled, 58 of which died. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, we identified that independent prognostic factors for in-hospital death were age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.066; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.025-1.108; P = 0.001), midline shift (MLS, aOR = 1.330, 95% CI, 1.177

Introduction This document details the methodology for the Intracranial Hemorrhage or Cerebral Infarction measure and should be reviewed along with the Intracranial Hemorrhage or Cerebral Infarction Measure Codes List file, which contains the medical codes used in constructing the measure. Detailed PDF Download Measure Description Episode-based cost measures represent the cost

This study explored the neuroprotective effects of post-positioning on ischemic stroke patients with randomized, double-blinded and controlled method. Patients are divided into experimental and placebo groups to receive remote ischemic post-conditioning for 30 days. Remote ischemic post-conditioning is performed by the inflating tourniquets to certain extents on bilateral arms with 5 cycles of 5min inflation and 5min relax alternation for the total of 30 consecutive days. It is 200mmHg for RIPC group and 60mmHg for control group. Evaluation parameters include CRP, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and GFAP in blood at 0, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after treatment; and MRI at 0 and 30 days after treatment ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Shift of motor activation areas during recovery from hemiparesis after cerebral infarction. T2 - A longitudinal study with near-infrared spectroscopy. AU - Takeda, Kotaro. AU - Gomi, Yukihiro. AU - Imai, Itsuki. AU - Shimoda, Nobuaki. AU - Hiwatari, Masao. AU - Kato, Hiroyuki. PY - 2007/10/1. Y1 - 2007/10/1. N2 - Motor functional recovery after stroke may be attributable to cerebral reorganization. We used near-infrared spectroscopy, which measures non-invasively the changes in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations in response to neural activation, for monitoring cerebral activation in stroke patients, and investigated the longitudinal changes in functional laterality of activations in the primary sensorimotor cortex during unilateral audio-paced (1 Hz) hand movement. We examined five ischemic stroke patients (4 females and 1 male, 52-67 years old) with mild to moderate hemiparesis at acute stages and chronic stages at least 1 month later. Normal subjects (3 females and 2 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of exercise and bryostatin-1 on serotonin dynamics after cerebral infarction. AU - Mizutani, Kenmei. AU - Sonoda, Shigeru. AU - Wakita, Hideaki. AU - Okazaki, Hideto. AU - Katoh, Yoshimitsu. AU - Chihara, Takeshi. AU - Shimpo, Kan. PY - 2016/6/15. Y1 - 2016/6/15. N2 - Although it has been suggested that the combination of exercise and bryostatin-1 administration may induce greater functional recovery than exercise alone, the detailed molecular mechanisms are not well known. Here, we examined the relationship between this combination treatment and monoamine dynamics in the cerebral cortex peri-infarction area to promote our understanding of these molecular mechanisms. Experimental cerebral cortex infarctions were produced by photothrombosis in rats. Voluntary exercise was initiated 2 days after surgery. Motor performance was then measured using the rotarod test. Monoamine concentrations in the perilesional cortex were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Juvenile-onset multiple brain infarcts localized in the posterior circulation. T2 - A case report. AU - Maruyama, Kenji. AU - Oya, Yasushi. AU - Shigeto, Hiroshi. AU - Ogawa, Masafumi. AU - Kawai, Mitsuru. PY - 2002/3/14. Y1 - 2002/3/14. N2 - We report a 37-year-old male patient with multiple brain infarcts due to arterial lesions localized in the posterior circulation, who developed a paramedian pontine infarct on the left side. He had been treated as schizophrenia for 20 years. A cranial CT performed one year before showed old small infarcts in the territories of the bilateral thalamo-perforating and left thalamo-geniculate arteries and the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The vertebral and basilar arteries were small in diameter on MRI and MR angiography (MRA). Cerebral angiography revealed a narrow smooth basilar artery. In addition, the P 2 segments of the bilateral posterior cerebral arteries were markedly narrow with irregular walls. Carotid arteriograms were ...

ObjectiveTo describe a patient who developed reversible segmental cerebral arterial vasospasm and cerebral infarction while taking excessive amounts of sumatrip

Yang Y, Huang Y, Yang H, Li X. Exploration of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction complicated with cerebral infarction. Panminerva Med 2020 Oct 06. DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.20.04127-0 ...

PubMed journal article: [Primary angiitis of the central nervous system with cerebral infarction and spinal hemorrhage]. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

Detection of misery perfusion in the cerebral hemisphere with chronic unilateral major cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease using crossed cerebellar hypoperfusion: comparison of brain SPECT and PET imaging. Matsumoto, Yoshiyasu; Ogasawara, Kuniaki; Saito, Hideo; Terasaki, Kazunori; Takahashi, Yoshihiro; Ogasawara, Yasushi; Kobayashi, Masakazu; Yoshida, Kenji; Beppu, Takaaki; Kubo, Yoshitaka; Fujiwara, Shunrou; Tsushima, Eiki; Ogawa, Akira // European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging;Oct2013, Vol. 40 Issue 10, p1573 Purpose: In patients with unilateral internal carotid or middle cerebral artery (ICA or MCA) occlusive disease, the degree of crossed cerebellar hypoperfusion that is evident within a few months after the onset of stroke may reflect cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in the affected cerebral... ...

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction ...

Top of the basilar (TOB) syndrome occurs with occlusion of the rostral portion of the basilar artery that supplies blood to the midbrain, thalamus, and temporal and occipital lobes. Symptoms associated with TOB include decreased alertness, abnormal eye movement, dysarthria, and disorders of cerebellar function. A 47-year-old man was transferred to our hospital to manage C2 vertebral fracture sustained in a traffic accident. He was alert on arrival; however, he lapsed into semicoma. He was diagnosed with TOB. Thrombolytic agents could not be administered due to a contraindication in cervical spine fracture. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute infarction of the pons, cerebellum, and posterior cerebral artery territory. This rare case demonstrates that C2 vertebral fracture can result in TOB ...

Recommendations from experts and recently established guidelines on how to improve the face and predictive validity of animal models of stroke have stressed the importance of using older animals and long-term behavioral-functional endpoints rather than relying almost exclusively on acute measures of infarct volume in young animals. The objective of the present study was to determine whether we could produce occlusions in older rats with an acceptable mortality rate and then detect reliable, long-lasting functional deficits. A reversible intraluminar suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure was used to produce small infarcts in middle-aged rats. This resulted in an acceptable mortality rate, and robust disabilities were detected in functional assays, although the degree of total tissue loss measured 90 d after MCAO was quite modest. Infarcted animals were functionally impaired relative to sham control animals even 90 d after the occlusions, and when animals were subgrouped based ...

Silent brain infarction is a frequent complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with mood changes and cognitive disruption. Microsphere embolism (ME) rodent models recapitulate both the diffuse ischemic infarcts and the delayed subtle behavioral disturbances characteristic to silent infarction (SI). Previously, we have shown that ME leads to increased hippocampal inflammation, weakening of the blood brain barrier, and the infiltration of peripherally circulating inflammatory cells in rats. Given long-term increases in inflammatory activity following SI, the current study tests the efficacy of anti-inflammatory versus anti-depressant treatment strategies to reduce the inflammatory and behavioral sequelae of injury. Adult rats were administered either chronic meloxicam (preferential COX-2 inhibitor) or fluoxetine (SSRI) beginning five days prior to ME surgeries. After a two week recovery, animals were tested for anxiety-like behaviors in the open field paradigm and the hippocampus was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Establishing final infarct volume. T2 - Stroke lesion evolution past 30 days is insignificant. AU - Gaudinski, Martin R.. AU - Henning, Erica C.. AU - Miracle, Aaron. AU - Luby, Marie. AU - Warach, Steven. AU - Latour, Lawrence L.. PY - 2008/10/1. Y1 - 2008/10/1. N2 - Background and Purpose: Lesion volume measured on MRI has been used as an objective surrogate marker for outcome in clinical trials. However, lesion volumes vary over time because of edema and tissue loss. This study aims to determine if lesion volumes measured at 30 and 90 days after ictus significantly differ. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 18 patients who had acute (,24 hours) DWI and follow-up fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging at 5, 30, and 90 days. Two expert readers segmented lesions and the mean volumes of both reads were used in all statistical analyses. Results: Patient age was 65.8 (SD, 13.7) years and median NIHSS at baseline was 11.5. Inter-rater variability for lesion volume ...

Dong Quai may aid in reducing incidences and severity of hot flashes during menopause.2 Dong Quai may improve conditions in ulcers and inflammation in the digestive tract (ulcerative colitis).3 Dong Quai supplementation may help improve blockages of blood vessels in the brain (acute cerebral infarction).4 It has been suggested in preclinical studies that Dong Quai may decrease inflammation and tumors growth in colorectal cancer.5. ...

In our previous study, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was found to prolong survival time and to inhibit cerebral edema by improving energy metabolism in the hypoxia, anoxia and global cerebral ischemia models. In this study, the cerebroprotective effect of BHB was examined in rats with permanent (p)-occlusion and transient (t)-occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA). BHB (30 mg · kg,sup,−,/sup,,sup,1,/sup, · h,sup,−,/sup,,sup,1,/sup,) was continuously administered through the femoral vein. In rats with p-MCA occlusion, BHB significantly reduced infarct area at 24 h after the occlusion, but not at 72 h after the occlusion. In rats with 2-h t-MCA occlusion followed by 22-h reperfusion, BHB significantly reduced cerebral infarct area, edema formation, lipid peroxidation and neurological deficits. Moreover, in the t-MCA occlusion model, delayed administration of BHB started at 1 h after the initiation of the MCA occlusion also significantly reduced cerebral infarct area. Taking together the ...

of this study is to establish chronic stroke model by MCA occlusion using intraluminal filament in rats. METHOD: A total 44 rats were operated by modified Longas method. The surgical procedure consisted of introducing an intraluminal filament into the internal carotid artery and advancing it intracranially to block blood flow for 60 minutes into MCA. After this procedure motor and postural change were assessed using a 0~5 point grading scale consisted of forelimb, hindlimb and circling test. Behavioral tests such as rotarod, stepping and cylinder tests were examined in the survived rats after MCA occlusion up to 14 weeks post-ischemia. Autopsy was done to evaluate the cerebral infarct volume ...

Predicting ultimate infarction volume by 3D-functional CT perfusion imaging within three hours of stroke ictus. Stroke. 1998; 29(1):280 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the severity of visual hemineglect follows a unimodal or bimodal frequency distribution. Seventy-seven consecutive patients with a unilateral cerebral infarct (36 left- and 41 right-hemisphere lesions) were evaluated. The severity of neglect was mea …

This is a Phase 3 study, which means that BIIB093 (study drug) has already been investigated in previous clinical research studies with a small number of people with large hemispheric infarction (LHI). These studies suggested that the study drug was safe, did not cause serious side effects or discomfort, and may reduce brain swelling, disability, and death in subjects with LHI. In this study, we want to investigate the study drug in a larger number of subjects (hundreds) to know more about it. LHI is a type of stroke. An ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to parts of the brain is blocked, such as by a blood clot. This can cause damage to the brain. In LHI a large portion of the brain is damaged. People who have LHI can develop swelling of the brain called cerebral edema, which can worsen the symptoms and outcomes of LHI. Currently, there are no medications available to specifically reduce brain swelling caused by LHI. In this study, we want to investigate how well the study drug works to ...

Of 198 patients who underwent DC due to cerebral infarction, 12 patients underwent strokectomy as a second surgical procedure, with a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 19 for patients with versus 16 for those without secondary strokectomy (p = 0.029). Either refractory increases of ICP , 20 mm Hg or dilated pupils in addition to herniation visible on CT images were triggers for strokectomy surgery. Ten of 12 (83%) patients had infarctions in more than one territory (p , 0.001). After 12 months, 43% of patients had a good outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (≤ 3). In the subgroup of patients suffering infarctions in more than one vascular territory, functional outcome after 12 months was better (mRS ≤ 3 in 40% of patients in comparison to 9%; p = 0.027). A 1:3 case-control analysis matched to age, side of infarction, sex, and vascular territory confirmed these results (mRS ≤ 3, 42% in comparison to 11%; p = 0.032). Age, NIHSS score on ...

Of 198 patients who underwent DC due to cerebral infarction, 12 patients underwent strokectomy as a second surgical procedure, with a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 19 for patients with versus 16 for those without secondary strokectomy (p = 0.029). Either refractory increases of ICP , 20 mm Hg or dilated pupils in addition to herniation visible on CT images were triggers for strokectomy surgery. Ten of 12 (83%) patients had infarctions in more than one territory (p , 0.001). After 12 months, 43% of patients had a good outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (≤ 3). In the subgroup of patients suffering infarctions in more than one vascular territory, functional outcome after 12 months was better (mRS ≤ 3 in 40% of patients in comparison to 9%; p = 0.027). A 1:3 case-control analysis matched to age, side of infarction, sex, and vascular territory confirmed these results (mRS ≤ 3, 42% in comparison to 11%; p = 0.032). Age, NIHSS score on ...

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Plastic Free July is here - find out more about the steps you can take this month to be part of the solution to plastic pollution, for cleaner streets, oceans and communities.

The High Sheriff is buying some extra bottles of water in preparation for his Olympic Challenge at the Iffley Road Sports Ground on Thursday 17th July. The weather forecast is HOT!, so were expecting that by the end of the event some participants may look more exhausted than Roger Bannister did on that famous day 60 years ago!. ...

The Age Friendly Banbury partnership is collecting feedback from local people about what it is like to grow old in the town. The consultation results will be used to create a proposal for some tangible initiatives to make Banbury more age friendly, with significant funding on the table.. ...

Start Over You searched for: Languages English ✖Remove constraint Languages: English Subjects Cerebral Cortex ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Cerebral Cortex Titles A third contribution to the study of localized cerebral lesions ✖Remove constraint Titles: A third contribution to the study of localized cerebral lesions Publication Year 1887 ✖Remove constraint Publication Year: 1887 ...

A large spectrum of symptoms Stroke or cerebral infarction is a sudden neurological deficit caused by an infarction (80% cases) or a hemorrhage (20% cases)…

I was in an accident in April of 2011 and have had paralysis of the right side of my mouth for the past 6 months, also left arm and hand numbness. They just finally did an mri of my brain and found mu...

The amygdala, a small deep brain structure involved in behavioral processing through interactions with other brain regions, has garnered increased attention in recent years in relation to pain processing. As pain is a multidimensional experience that encompasses physical sensation, affect, and cognition, the amygdala is well suited to play a part in this process. Multiple…

Cerebrovascular diseases threaten public health, especially the aging population. Deep understanding of the features of cerebrovascular diseases can effectively assist in clinical practice. Recent studies showed that the genesis and development of cerebrovascular diseases involved in many mechanisms, e.g. inflammation, hemodynamics, dysplasia and so on. However, most of these factors will result in a degeneration of cerebral vessels and neurodegeneration, which plays an important role on genesis and development of cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, how to diagnose and block the pathological change of degeneration of cerebral vessels could provide neurosurgeons and neurologists useful tools in the clinical practice, and provide patients an accurate treatment which could significantly improve the prognosis.This Research Topic will focus on the frontiers in the accurate treatment of cerebrovascular disease, including hemorrhagic and ischemic diseases. The goal of this Topic is to discuss the advances of

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Details of the image Right middle cerebral artery territory infarct from right internal carotid artery dissection Modality: CT (non-contrast)

Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease.. Estcourt LJ1, Fortin PM2, Hopewell S3, Trivella M4, Doree C2, Abboud MR5.. Abstract. BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders in the world, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and premature death. Silent cerebral infarcts are the commonest neurological complication in children and probably adults with SCD. Silent cerebral infarcts also affect academic performance, increase cognitive deficits and may lower intelligence quotient.. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent silent cerebral infarcts in people with SCD.. SEARCH METHODS: We searched for relevant trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), the Transfusion Evidence Library (from 1980), and ongoing trial databases; all ...

Pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) and cerebral infarction are rare but critical complications after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). We experienced two cases of massive middle cerebral artery infarction after VATS for the left upper lobe. Although the precise source of their embolus was never identified, both cases were clinically suspected PVT. Unfortunately, case 2 died because of progressive cerebral herniation. We decided to perform contrast-enhanced computed tomography routinely after VATS for the left upper lobectomy (VATS-LUL) after these cases. Case 3, a 79-year-old female patient, underwent VATS-LUL for lung cancer. She developed PVT in the stump of the left upper pulmonary vein on postoperative day 4. Anti-coagulation therapy was begun immediately and continued for 3 months. She was free of complications 7 months after the operation. PVT and cerebral infarction may occur after VATS-LUL. Appropriate postoperative management is required to recognize PVT and to prevent life-threatening

It is an object of the invention to present an input and display apparatus for handwritten characters capable of freely editing input handwritten characters. A handwritten character entered on a touch panel by using a pen is registered as one stroke data. The registered one stroke data is divided in two stroke data by using the pen, or two stroke data are combined into one stroke data. By combination of stroke data division and combination, partial deletion in stroke data, blank insertion in stroke data, and insertion of other stroke data into stroke data are realized.

The effect of the free radical spin-trap alpha-phenyl-butyl-tert-nitrone (alpha-PBN) in permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats was examined in two series of experiments. In the first, rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) and treated 1 h after occlusion with a single dose of alpha-PBN (100 mg/kg) or saline. Body temperature was measured and controlled for the first 24 h to obtain identical temperature curves in the two groups. Cortical infarct volumes were determined on histological sections 7 days later. alpha-PBN did not significantly reduce infarct volume (control: 28.3+/-16.3 mm3 vs. alpha-PBN 23.7+/-7.4 mm3). In the second series of experiments, periinfarct depolarizations (PIDs) were recorded with an extracellular DC electrode at two locations in the ischemic penumbra for the initial 3 h following MCAO. alpha-PBN (100 mg/kg, single dose in conjunction with occlusion) significantly reduced the total number (median value of 3 PIDs in the control ...

Cerebral infarction and cerebral thrombosis in younger men Chinese mainland doctors have noticed that cerebral infarction and cerebral thrombosis are occurring more frequently in younger men. They used to occur mostly among older men. They can lead to microstrokes or cerebrovascular accidents and partial physical paralyses. In general, cerebral hemorrhage accounts for only 15% while…

Background: Motor Imagery (MI) refers to mental simulation of a motor action without producing any overt movement. Previous studies showed that children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP) are impaired in implicit MI, as demonstrated by the performance of Hand Laterality Judgment tasks. The aim of this study was to examine the specificity of explicit MI deficits in UCP children.Methods: A group of UCP children (n = 10; aged 9-14) performed a mental chronometry task consisting in grasping an object and placing it into a container, or in imagining to perform the same action. As control, a group of typically developing (TD) children, matched by age, performed the same task. Movement durations for executed and imagined trials were recorded. A subgroup of 7 UCP children and 10 TD children also underwent a session of functional MRI to examine the activation of parieto-frontal areas typically associated to MI processes, during the imagination of reaching-grasping actions performed with the paretic hand

Objective: Cerebrovascular diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. The ischemic type is the most common and most fatal o among the all cerebrovasculer diseases. In patients having silent cerebral ischemia the incidence of ischemic infarction is ten times greater than in the normal population. The treatment modalities are not efficient after the cerebral infarct has occurred. For this reason academic studies are gaining importance for the determination of risk factors, primary and secondary prophylaxis, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Cerebrovascular diseases are also the most common major causes of death in hemodialysis patients. The effect of dialysis treatment and chronic renal failure disease on the development of cerebral ischemia and infarct has not been explained, In this study we analyzed the prevalence of silent cerebral ischemia and infarct in the cronic renal failure patients having hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment, using magnetic ...

Cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) are a complex medical problem with a wide variety of different etiologies. Symptoms are often atypical and subtle. Diagnostic methods are often invasive. Many autors have tried to find a noninvasive method which could be a screening method. This is Transcranial-Duplex-Doppler ulstrasonography (TCDD). We use it in patients with pulsating headache, vertigo, seizures, hemiparesis and other neurologic dysabillities. Here, we present eight patients between the ages of 1-16, with cerebrovascular disorders. Six of them had ischemic cerebral infarction. Their cerebral circulation was examined by TCDD. We found reduced cerebral blood flow at the site of the ischemic lesion, as a sign of hypoperfusion. Control TCDD findings were normal in patients with transient ischemic attacks, but are unchanged in patients with ischemic insult. Patients with stenosis of the cerebral arteries had typical TCDD findings. Treatment of CVD is often insufficient, because they often cause ...

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the early diagnosis of pyramidal tract Wallerian degeneration (WD) and assessment of neurological recovery following cerebral infarction. This study included 23 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 10 healthy adult controls. All participants underwent both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI scans. DTI images were analyzed using the Functional MRI of the Brain Software Library to determine the regions of interest (ROI) and obtain the mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) value for each ROI. The correlation between FA or MD and postinfarction functional recovery of the nervous system was further analyzed to assess the feasibility of using a DTI scan in the evaluation of functional recovery of the nervous system in patients with cerebral infarction. DTI may be useful in detecting signals of early postinfarction pyramidal tract WD and is useful for the evaluation of postinfarction ...

Chetri, Kamal ; Ghoshal, Uday C. ; Somani, Sanjay K. ; Aggarwal, Rakesh ; Sinha, Nakul ; Jain, Manoj ; Naik, Subhash R. (2002) Common carotid artery occlusion causing cerebral infarction in ulcerative colitis Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 21 (3). pp. 122-123. ISSN 0254-8860 Full text not available from this repository.. Official URL: http://www.indianjgastro.com/IJG_pdf/may2002/122.p... ...

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Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound and dietary supplement with powerful antioxidant properties. Although LA is neuroprotective in models of stroke, little is known about the cellular mechanisms by which it confers protection during the early stages of ischemia. Here, using a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we demonstrated that administration of LA 30 min prior to stroke, reduces infarct volume in a dose dependent manner. Whole-cell patch clamp Show moreLipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound and dietary supplement with powerful antioxidant properties. Although LA is neuroprotective in models of stroke, little is known about the cellular mechanisms by which it confers protection during the early stages of ischemia. Here, using a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we demonstrated that administration of LA 30 min prior to stroke, reduces infarct volume in a dose dependent manner. Whole-cell patch clamp ...

Ischemic stroke is a disease that occurs due to disruption of blood circulation to the brain due to blood clots in the brain. The blockage is called cerebral infarction. In diagnosing the presence of...

Antagonism of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has been shown to elicit substantial neuroprotective properties when given immediately after cerebral ischemia. We asked whether the continuous application of a selective A2AR antagonist within a clinically relevant time window will be a feasible and effective approach to treat focal cerebral ischemia. To answer this question, we subjected 20 male spontaneously hypertensive rats to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and randomized them equally to a verum and a control group. Two hours after stroke onset, the animals received a subcutaneous implantation of an osmotic minipump filled with 5 mg kg−1 day−1 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine (CSC) or vehicle solution. The serum level of CSC was measured twice a day for three consecutive days. The infarct volume was determined at days 1 and 3 using magnetic resonance imaging. We found the serum level of CSC showing a bell-shaped curve with its maximum at 36 h. The infarct volume was not affected by ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The risks of falls and fractures increase after stroke. Little is known about the prognostic significance of previous falls and fractures after stroke. This study examined whether having a history of either event is associated with poststroke mortality. METHODS: We analyzed stroke register data collected prospectively between 2003 and 2015. Eight sex-specific models were analyzed, to which the following variables were incrementally added to examine their potential confounding effects: age, type of stroke, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification, previous comorbidities, frailty as indicated by the prestroke modified Rankin Scale score, and acute illness parameters ...

Radiation therapy can cause cerebral arteriopahty, resulting in ischemic stroke. We document late-delayed cerebral arteriopathy by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) in a middle aged man who had cranial irradiation 19 years earlier. A 45-year-old man was diagnosed with frontal lobe glioma 19 years ago and was treated with radiation after surgical resection. He was admitted to our hospital with an acute cerebral infarction in November 8, 2017. Traditional MRI examination and HR-MRI (sagittal, reconstruction of coronal and axial) were performed at admission. He was treated with prednisone (30 mg/day) and clinical symptoms disappeared after 3 months by telephone follow-up. Our patient complained of dizziness and blurred vision and traditional MRI examination indicated acute ischemic stroke in temporal lobe and occipital lobe and microbleeds. In order to define the exact mechanism of stroke, blood tests, auto-immune screening and thrombophilia were performed and results were normal.

Fifty-eight patients were studied in the first week (1 W) and 4 months (4 M) after the acute event. At 1 W, infarct size was related to infarct transmurality (r = 0.62, p , 0.001), infarct surface (r = 0.78, p , 0.001), circumferential and longitudinal infarct length (r = 0.67, p , 0.001 and r = 0.69, p , 0.001, respectively), concomitant microvascular obstruction (r = 0.74, p , 0.001), area at risk (r = 0.78, p , 0.001) as well as the ratio of infarct size to area at risk (r = 0.68, p , 0.001), and inversely related to systolic wall thickening in the infarct (r = 0.45, p , 0.001) and peri-infarct area (r = 0.37, p = 0.004), and LV EF (r = 0.59, p , 0.001). The median of normalized infarct size at 1 W, ie, 17.1% of LV mass, was used to create a small and large size infarct group. Large infarcts presented with higher maximum serum troponin I levels than small infarcts (115 ± 68 μg/L versus 60 ± 28 μg/L, p = 0.003. While shrinkage in infarct size at 4 M was similar between groups (43 ± 18% in ...

Subcortical Stroke is a new and revised edition of the 1995 book Lacunar and Other Subcortical Infarctions. The book reviews the considerable advances in our understanding of the stroke process as a result of advances in the fields of neurochemistry, imaging and genetics, as well as highlighting the implications for new therapeutic approaches.

Atrial fibrillation is an important and independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia. There is increasing evidence that atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic or silent cerebral infarction and as a result may confer an increased risk of progressive cognitive impairment on a person. In this study we sought to determine whether this hypothesis could be explored in a prospective case controlled design. Twenty seven patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and no history of stroke, transient ischaemic attack, dementia, and thyrotoxicosis were compared with 54 age and sex matched controls in sinus rhythm. All cases underwent clinical examination, ECG, and psychological assessment using a battery of nine neuropsychological tests. Between group analysis and a comparison of mean test scores of paired controls with cases were undertaken. The presence of atrial fibrillation was consistently associated with poorer performances on ...

Question - Venous thrombosis with hemorrhagic infarct. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Deep vein thrombosis, Ask a Neurologist

Since intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is often associated with poor outcomes in hypertensive patients with severe acute cerebral infarction (ACI) due to occlusions of the internal carotid, basilar, or proximal middle cerebral artery, we evaluated whether multimodal intra-arterial treatment (IAT) might improve functional outcomes in this patient population. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of eligible patients who underwent multimodal IAT including intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, balloon and/or stent angioplasty (IAT group) or IVT alone (IVT group). Outcomes included the revascularization rate 24 hours postprocedure, the frequency of survival at 7, 90, and 180 days postonset, and a measure of functional outcomes using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The IAT group included 62 patients and the IVT group included 31 patients. Multimodal IAT increased the revascularization rate at 24 hours (p,0.001) and the frequency of survival and functional independence (mRS ≤2) at 7 ...

In the present study, we used a quantitative MRI method to investigate the factors affecting the cognitive function of elderly people who were leading normal lives at home, and concluded that white matter lesions, cerebral atrophy, and educational background had an important influence on cognitive impairment. Several studies of the general population have previously focused on the prevalence of dementia and the factors affecting its onset.1-6, 16, 17 However, most of these reports tend to focus on particular lesions including WMLs and silent cerebral infarction, and thus study the frequencies and risk factors of such lesions, or relate such lesions to cognitive impairment. Investigating the MRI findings in relation to cognitive impairment in elderly subjects is considered to be important because such data can be used for both prophylaxis and early detection. But only a few reports in the past have attempted to discuss a wide range of factors which influence cognitive troubles in the general ...

The most common etiology of bilateral AIS in patients in our stroke registry is cardioembolic stroke. Cardioembolic stroke occurs when a formed clot, typically in the left atrium, embolizes and travels into multiple vascular territories of the brain, effectively showering emboli throughout multiple parenchymal regions. We diagnosed etiology as cardioembolic per the Causative Classification of Stroke System[14], using TTE and/or TEE to identify potential cardiac sources of infarction. However, despite a higher rate of cardioembolic classification in patients suffering bilateral AIS than unilateral AIS, bilateral AIS did not increase the odds of cardioembolic stroke etiology. Yet, our results show that TEE was performed significantly more during workup of bilateral AIS etiology (Table 4), suggesting possible overutilization of resources and presenting an opportunity to reduce invasive workup, cost, and hospital length of stay.. Consistent with a previous study showing an association between ...

The first aim of this thesis was to critically appraise and improve the classification of small cerebellar infarctions and to visualise arterial cerebellar perfusion territories. Although small cerebellar infarcts are traditionally classified into watershed or border zone perfusion territories, arterial perfusion territories and the border zones in between them are widely variable among subjects. Also, many infarcts do not fit into such a classification system, which hinders its use in clinical practice [1].. We proposed two answers to these limitations. The first was to omit the traditional classification and to classify small cerebellar infarctions according to anatomical location in the cerebellum instead of arterial perfusion territories [1]. The second and more challenging answer was to develop the first imaging technique to visualise cerebellar perfusion territories in vivo [2]. This way, cerebellar infarction may be directly linked with the responsible diseased artery, for instance, ...

|b||i|Background:|/i||/b| Plasma D-dimer level may reflect the activity of thrombus formation in the left atrium of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillati

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Salvianolate lyophilized injection (SLI) has been clinically used in China for the treatment of acutely cerebral infarction. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that Diabetes mellitus (DM) not only increases the risk of ischemic stroke recurrence but also leads to poor outcomes and increases fatality rates after stroke. Our previous study has proved that SLI can reduce the infarct volume after stroke in type 1 diabetic rats. The aim of the study is to explore the mechanism of SLI on stroke outcome in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) rats. Type 1 diabetes rats model (T1DM) was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and T1DM rats were subjected to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The T1DM + MCAO rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated, model-vehicle, positive control group (Edaravone-treating, DE 6 mg/kg) and SLI-treating group (10.5 mg/kg, 21 mg/kg and 42 mg/kg). SLI and DE were administered by tail vein injection

The drug edaravone (EDA) is prescribed for the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or after an acute cerebral infarction. This synthetic pyrazolone derivative is a potent scavenger of oxygen free radicals and also functions as a modulator of transcription factors, repressing NFκB and activating Nrf2, to regulate oxidative stress. EDA displays complementary anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The injectable small molecule is currently investigated for the treatment of several non-neurological diseases. The potential interest of EDA in oncology is reviewed here. EDA is a mild antiproliferative agent but has been found to enhance significantly the anticancer and antimetastatic activities of irinotecan in a colon cancer model. Anticancer derivatives of EDA have been designed but they generally display a limited antiproliferative activity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of EDA can be best exploited to protect non-tumor cells from damages induced by ...

The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of 4-methylcyclopentadecanone (4-MCPC) in rats suffering from a cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, the focal cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, and the rats were treated with 4-MCPC (8 mg/kg) just 0.5 h before reperfusion. The ischemic infarct volume was recorded 24 h after the MCAO. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the ischemic cerebral cortex were determined by ELISA, while nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit and expression of p-IκBα were investigated by western blotting ...

MCA territory infarct with haemorrhagic transformation has developed with further patchy change in the anterior cerebral artery territories, bilaterally. ...

This interesting session covering the updates on acute stroke treatments started with a lecture by Dr Sandset from Norway. She discussed the last evidence for on- and off-label treatment in intravenous thrombolysis, and started her lecture reminding that all evidence indicate that time is critical in the treatment of stroke. First, the results of the recent WAKE UP trial have been discussed, in which it was demonstrated that the treatment with intravenous alteplase was associated with a favorable outcome in patients with stroke with an unknown time of onset in the presence of MRI features suggesting recent cerebral infarction ...

Coders have struggled for some time with the dilemma of when to assign the combination code of carotid stenosis, with cerebral infarction (i.e.I63.231) and when to assign separate codes for the specific cerebral infarction and carotid stenosis. (i.e. I66.01 and I65.21).. Read More ...

Free, official coding info for 2018 ICD-10-CM Z86.73 - includes detailed rules, notes, synonyms, ICD-9-CM conversion, index and annotation crosswalks, DRG grouping and more.

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RESULTS: Overall, 24 patients were treated. The mean age was 67.2 years; mean occlusion time, 230.2 minutes. On admission, the median NIHSS score was 18. In all patients, the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score was zero before the procedure. Stent implantation was feasible in all cases. In 15 patients (62.5%), a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥ 2b could be achieved. Six patients (25%) improved ≥10 NIHSS points between admission and discharge. After 90 days, the median mRS score was 3.0. Seven patients (29.2%) had a good clinical outcome (mRS 0-2), and 4 patients (16.6%) died, 1 due to fatal intracranial hemorrhage. Overall, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients (16.6%). ...

Results We found that M2 occlusions can lead to massive strokes defined by hypoperfused and infarcted volumes as well as death or moderate to severe disability in nearly 50% of patients at discharge. Compared with M1 occlusions, M2 occlusions achieved similar Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b/3 recanalization rates, with significantly less hemorrhage. M2 occlusions presented with smaller infarct and hypoperfused volumes and had smaller final infarct volumes regardless of recanalization. TICI 2b/3 recanalization of M2 occlusions was associated with smaller infarct volumes compared with TICI 0-2a recanalization, as well as less infarct expansion, in patients who received IV tissue plasminogen activator as well as those that did not. Successful reperfusion of M2 occlusions was associated with improved discharge modified Rankin scale.. ...

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Standard techniques of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement provide information on both global and regional flow in patients with cerebral ischaemia or infarction. Recent availability of positron emission tomography (PET), recording oxygen and glucose metabolism, as well as blood flow and blood volume, gives a more detailed and accurate understanding of pathophysiological changes after stroke.. Changes in cerebral infarction. NON-ISCHAEMIC HEMISPHERE. Mild reduction in global CBF - perhaps due to transneuronal depression of metabolism in the unaffected hemisphere - diaschisis.. In the normal brain, cerebral blood flow to a particular part varies depending on the metabolic requirements, i.e. the supply of 02 and glucose is coupled to the tissue needs. After infarction, between areas of reduced flow and areas of luxury perfusion, lie areas of relative luxury perfusion where reduced flow exceeds the tissue requirements, i.e. uncoupling of flow and metabolism has occurred.. Studies with SPECT ...