Cerebellar Neoplasms; Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms; Cerebellar Cancer; Malignant Cerebellar Neoplasms. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms and diseases is provided.

Univariate analysis showed total FIM-FAM scores not significantly different with age (, or =35 years vs. ,35 years; P = 0.994), sex (male versus female; P = 0.133), and grade of the tumor (high-grade versus low-grade; P = 0.142) but were significantly higher in patients with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of , or =70 as compared with ,70 (P = 0.001), neurological performance scale (NPS) of 0 or 1 vs. 2 or 3; P = 0.001), disease type (benign versus malignant; P = 0.001), and site of disease (cerebral versus cerebellar; P = 0.024 ...

At the same time discount suprax 100mg without prescription antibiotic resistance research funding, two other fissures deep- en on the inferior aspect of the vermis purchase suprax 100 mg with visa bacteria 2014, the secondary fissure and the prepyramidal fissure discount arava 10 mg overnight delivery, limiting the uvula and the pyramid respectively. Meanwhile the cerebellar mass, especially the cerebellar hemi- spheres, develops to cover the inferior vermis, which becomes buried deeply within the vallecula. Phylogenetically and ontogenetically, the postero- lateral fissure is the first to appear, separating the flocculonodular lobe, which is constant in most ver- tebrates, from the cerebellar mass, which increases in size from lower to higher vertebrates. Posteriorly and in- flocculus of mammals is the homologue of the hu- feriorly a narrow median fossa, the vallecula cerebel- man tonsil and the biventer lobule of the human cer- li, separates the hemispheres and contains the falx ebellum. ...

Source. Diagnosis. In case you feel that something can be wrong with your health, schedule an appointment with your doctor. The physician will ask you about your symptoms and in case he has reasons to suspect that you may suffer from a cerebellar condition, you will be referred to a neurologist. This specialist will test reflexes, as well as hearing and vision. A magnetic resonance imaging test, as well as a computerized tomography may be recommended to confirm the suspicion in the diagnosing process. Additional tests may be performed with the purpose to measure the tumors activity, as well as to determine if it is cancerous or not.. Treatment. In most cases, specialists are going to recommend the surgical removal of the tumor found in the cerebellum. In case the tumor has started to spread, it can only be partially removal or may cause additional damage to the body, radiation and chemotherapy can also be recommended.. ...

HPLC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics Analysis of human medulloblastoma cell line (DAOY cell line). 15 minutes treatment with SAG, vismodegib, EGF. TMT 10 plex experiment. 13 HILIC fractions measured using Qexactive HF. Knime Workflow. ...

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and high neurotrophin (NP) receptor TrkC mRNA expression was identified as a powerful independent predictor of favorable survival outcome. In order to determine downstream effector proteins of TrkC signaling, the MB cell line DAOY was stably transfected with a vector containing the full-length TrkC cDNA sequence or an empty vector control. A proteomic approach was used to search for expressional changes by two mass spectrometric methods and immunoblotting for validation of significant results. Multiple time points for up to 48 h following NP-3-induced TrkC receptor activation were chosen. Thirteen proteins from several pathways (nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, stathmin, valosin-containing protein, annexin A1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-3, DJ-1 protein, glutathione S-transferase P, lamin A/C, fascin, cofilin, vimentin, vinculin, and moesin) were differentially expressed and most have been shown to play a role in ...

A female survivor of childhood medulloblastoma presenting with growth-hormone-induced edema and inflammatory lesions: a case report. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

This project involves an examination of the effect of the small molecule inhibitor 4SC-202 on the growth of the pediatric brain cancer medulloblastoma. The small molecule inhibitor 4SC-202 significantly inhibits the viability of the pediatric desmoplastic cerebellar human medulloblastoma cell line DAOY, with an IC50 = 58.1 nM, but does not affect the viability of noncancerous neural stem cells (NSC). 4SC-202 exposure inhibits hedgehog expression in the DAOY cell line. Furthermore, microarray analysis of human medulloblastoma patient tumors indicate significant upregulation of key targets in the Hedgehog signaling pathway and Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK7).

This article collates information about the number of scientific articles mentioning each of the established medulloblastoma cell lines, derived through a systematic search of Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar in 2016. The data for each cell line have been presented as raw number of citations, percentage share of the total citations for each search engine and as an average percentage between the three search engines. In order to correct for the time since each cell line has been in use, the raw citation data have also been divided by the number of years since the derivation of each cell line. This is a supporting article for a review of in vitro models of medulloblastoma published in in vitro models of medulloblastoma: choosing the right tool for the job (D.P. Ivanov, D.A. Walker, B. Coyle, A.M. Grabowska, 2016) [1].. ...

Inhibiting the Ezh2 enzyme may be counterproductive for treatment of certain cancers, including the aggressive brain tumor Group 3 medulloblastoma

Constitutive phosphorylation of Chk1 at serine 317 in a medulloblastoma cell line is sensitive to the inhibition of the phosphatidyalinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) pathway

It is demonstrated that OTX2 is essential in medulloblastoma and directly drives proliferation by regulation of cell cycle genes. The transcription factor OTX2 has been implicated as an oncogene in medulloblastoma, which is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is highly expressed in most medulloblastomas and amplified in a subset of them. To study the role OTX2 has in medulloblastoma we investigated the downstream pathway of OTX2. We generated D425 medulloblastoma cells in which endogenous OTX2 can be silenced by inducible shRNA. Silencing of OTX2 strongly inhibited cell proliferation and resulted in a neuronal‐like differentiation. Expression profiling of time courses after silencing showed a progressive change in gene expression for many cellular processes. Downregulated genes were highly enriched for cell cycle and visual perception genes, while upregulated genes were enriched for genes involved in development and differentiation. This shift is reminiscent of expression changes

The goal of the Johns Hopkins Brain Cancer Biology and Therapy Laboratory is to locate the genetic and genomic changes that lead to brain cancer. These molecular changes are evaluated for their potential as therapeutic targets and are often mutated genes, or genes that are over-expressed during the development of a brain cancer. The brain cancers that the Riggins Laboratory studies are medulloblastomas and glioblastomas. Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor for children and glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor for adults. Both tumors are difficult to treat, and new therapies are urgently needed for these cancers. Our laboratory uses large-scale genomic approaches to locate and analyze the genes that are mutated during brain cancer development. The technologies we now employ are capable of searching nearly all of a cancer genome for molecular alterations that can lead to cancer. The new molecular targets for cancer therapy are first located by l...arge ...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Estimate of the progression free survival (PFS) distribution for patients 0-,4 years of age with M0 desmoplastic medulloblastoma (nodular desmoplastic or medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity) treated with the modified HIT SKK regimen (excluding the use of intraventricular methotrexate).. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Evaluate the feasibility of a rapid central pathology screening review for treatment allocation according to histology and assess agreement between institutional and central pathology review diagnoses as well as among central pathology review diagnoses.. II. Prospectively evaluate the molecular profile of nodular desmoplastic (ND)/medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) medulloblastoma in young children.. III. Monitor and describe the neurocognitive and adaptive functioning of young children with ND/MBEN medulloblastoma treated on this protocol using the ALTE07C1 protocol.. OUTLINE:. INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive vincristine sulfate ...

Medulloblastomas are highly malignant cerebellar tumors. Approximately 80% of medulloblastomas are diagnosed in children younger than 15 years of age, and they are among the leading causes of pediatric cancer deaths. Remarkable advances in survival have been achieved in the past two decades using a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and bone marrow rescue. However, this improvement in outcome is attained at a high cost to quality of life due to the aggressive treatment regimens, and many patients succumb to their disease and/or its recurrence. The five chapters of this book provide a comprehensive, but straightforward, up-to-date reference for medical students, residents and fellows, and other healthcare professionals, as well as basic science researchers with an interest in pediatric medulloblastomas.. ...

Published June 2015. ISBN: 978-1-78084-396-4. Medulloblastomas are highly malignant cerebellar tumors. Approximately 80% of medulloblastomas are diagnosed in children younger than 15 years of age, and they are among the leading causes of pediatric cancer deaths. Remarkable advances in survival have been achieved in the past two decades using a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and bone marrow rescue. However, this improvement in outcome is attained at a high cost to quality of life due to the aggressive treatment regimens, and many patients succumb to their disease and/or its recurrence. The five chapters of this book provide a comprehensive, but straightforward, up-to-date reference for medical students, residents and fellows, and other healthcare professionals, as well as basic science researchers with an interest in pediatric medulloblastomas.. ...

Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours in children. Identifying and understanding the genetic events that drive these tumours is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, our group and others described distinct molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma on the basis of transcriptional and copy number profiles. Here we use whole-exome hybrid capture and deep sequencing to identify somatic mutations across the coding regions of 92 primary medulloblastoma/normal pairs. Overall, medulloblastomas have low mutation rates consistent with other paediatric tumours, with a median of 0.35 non-silent mutations per megabase. We identified twelve genes mutated at statistically significant frequencies, including previously known mutated genes in medulloblastoma such as CTNNB1, PTCH1, MLL2, SMARCA4 and TP53. Recurrent somatic mutations were newly identified in an RNA helicase gene, DDX3X, often concurrent with CTNNB1 mutations, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Functional validation of the oncogenic cooperativity and targeting potential of tuberous sclerosis mutation in medulloblastoma using a MYC-amplified model cell line. AU - Henderson, Jacob J.. AU - Wagner, Jacob P.. AU - Hofmann, Nicolle E.. AU - Eide, Christopher A.. AU - Cho, Yoon-Jae. AU - Druker, Brian. AU - Davare, Monika. PY - 2017. Y1 - 2017. N2 - Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. To identify targetable vulnerabilities, we employed inhibitor screening that revealed mTOR inhibitor hypersensitivity in the MYC-overexpressing medulloblastoma cell line, D341. Concomitant exome sequencing unveiled an uncharacterized missense mutation, TSC2A415V, in these cells. We biochemically demonstrate that the TSC2A415V mutation is functionally deleterious, leading to shortened half-life and proteasome-mediated protein degradation. These data suggest that MYC cooperates with activated kinase pathways, enabling pharmacologic intervention in these treatment ...

Daniel RA, Rozanska AL, Mulligan EA, Drew Y, Thomas HD, Castelbuono DJ, Hostomsky Z, Plummer ER, Tweddle DA, Boddy AV, Clifford SC, Curtin ...

Developing new, less toxic approaches to treatment is critical to advancing therapy for medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. While many medulloblastoma patients achieve long-term survival through combined radiation and chemotherapy, this treatment causes long-term neuro-cognitive impairment and significant risk of incurable recurrence. The early age of onset of medulloblastoma has prompted a growing consensus to examine the processes that support developmental brain growth as potential oncogenic mechanisms that may be targeted in novel therapies. Our recent work demonstrates that energy metabolism, DNA repair and control of apoptosis are developmentally regulated to support proliferation during cerebellar growth, and become co-opted in medulloblastoma formation. Our ongoing projects build on these observations, using mouse genetics and primary tumor modeling to learn:. ...

Treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma, the most common malignant tumor of the CNS in children, requires a combination of surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Prior research has documented ototoxicity and middle ear disease in 25% to 90% of patients treated with multimodality therapy.5, 7, 11 At this institution, pediatric medulloblastoma patients receive a cumulative cisplatin dose of 300 mg, decreased from the standard of 600 mg. Early analysis suggests that this reduction may minimize ototoxic sequelae, however long-term data on SNHL is lacking. Further, the percentage of patients in this population that will ultimately qualify for cochlear implantation has not yet been documented.. Damage to the auditory system from chemotherapeutic agents, specifically platinum-based compounds, as well as radiation therapy is well documented. Cisplatinum ototoxicity is typically characterized by irreversible, bilateral, symmetric, high-frequency SNHL.5, 7 Ototoxicity can be related to ...

Assuming that the fundamental feature of cancer is genomic instability, functional defects of proteins which are responsible for maintenance of genome integrity by correcting DNA replication errors, should be carcinogenic. It is therefore not surprising that a number of cancer susceptibility genes encode key factors of DNA repair pathways. Recent comprehensive analysis of germline mutations in pediatric cancers pointed to DNA repair genes as the most commonly mutated genes, including TP53 and BRCA2 [43]. It is also increasingly clear that defects in DNA repair genes may determine patients response to radio and chemotherapy [13, 16, 17]. In view of that we evaluated the potential association between DNA repair defects and treatment related toxicity as well as their potential role as a susceptibility factor for medulloblastoma.. The sequence analysis of two well-known repair genes MSH2 and RAD50 conducted in large cohort of 102 medulloblastoma patients revealed three new germline variants MSH2 ...

Investigators at St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, alongside others, have revealed the cells of origin for specific subtypes of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor.

3885 Medulloblastomas are malignant brain tumors that arise in the cerebellum in children. Aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, which normally stimulates proliferation of granule neuron precursors (GNPs) during cerebellar development, induces tumors in mice that closely mimic human medulloblastomas. Shh-dependent medulloblastoma formation is enhanced by hyperactive insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling and ectopic expression of Myc oncogenes. This enhanced tumorigenesis stems from the sensitivity of GNPs to IGF and Myc levels in regulating proliferation. An emerging theme in cancer research is that oncogene-induced cell proliferation cannot initiate neoplastic transformation unless cellular programs that mediate apoptosis are disabled. We modeled the ability of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 to induce medulloblastoma in vivo using the RCAS/tv-a system, which allows postnatal gene transfer and expression in a cell type-specific manner. We targeted expression ...

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Improvements in clinical outcome require a better understanding of the genetic alterations to identify clinically significant biological factors and to stratify patients accordingly. In the present study, we applied cytogenetic characterization to guide the identification of biologically significant genes from gene expression microarray profiles of medulloblastoma. We analyzed 71 primary medulloblastomas for chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Among 64 tumors that we previously analyzed by gene expression microarrays, 27 were included in our CGH series. We analyzed clinical outcome with respect to CNAs and microarray results. We filtered microarray data using specific CNAs to detect differentially expressed candidate genes associated with survival. The most frequent lesions detected in our series involved chromosome 17; loss of 16q, 10q, or 8p; and gain of 7q or 2p. Recurrent

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. While current treatments have improved survival, survivors face high risk of recurrence and...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Ultrastructure of cerebellar hemangioblastoma - Some new observations on the stromal cells. AU - Shimura, T.. AU - Hirano, A.. AU - Llena, J. F.. PY - 1985/3. Y1 - 1985/3. N2 - Five cases of hemangioblastoma were studied by electron microscopy with particular attention to the stromal cells and their surrounding structures. Most of the stromal cells of the tumor had abundant clear cytoplasm containing rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, scattered fibrils, and large lipid inclusions. They were usually aggregated without intervening cells. In the perivascular areas, their sufaces facing the perivascular collagen were surrounded by basal lamina. Their apposed cell membranes had occasional adhesive devices. Occasional, long, apparently cylindrical processes of the stromal cell cytoplasm were observed in some cases. These processes contained intermediate filaments of undetermined nature and microtubules. In the border zone between the tumor and the surrounding brain, the stromal ...

Medulloblastoma occurs in infants, children and adults, but it is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, of which Group 4 is the most common.

Gurreiro, A. Iidentification of new molecular targets for human medulloblastoma using an RNA interference screen. 2009, University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine. ...

View Notes - DIAG 2740 Chapter 15 Outline from DIAG 2740 at Life Chiropractic College West. SCA infarct: PICA and AICA: Cerebellar tumor: Medulloblastoma Signs: Cerebellar Multiple Sclerosis

Medulloblastoma, a highly invasive tumour of the cerebellum, has one of the highest mortality rates of pediatric cancers. Metastatic cells are the leading cause of treatment failure and death in medulloblastoma patients. For over a century, scientists assumed that medulloblastoma metastases travel exclusively in cerebrospinal fluid; however, novel research shows that medulloblastoma can spread through the circulatory system as well. This new mechanism presents the first biological target for metastases; therefore, the dissemination of this research is critical to the development of therapies, disease management, and prognosis. An educational 3D animation can effectively disseminate this research, as well as increase awareness and interest in medulloblastoma. A story-driven narrative and emphasis on the use of visual metaphor will put the research in context by establishing why this research matters, what the future implications are, and how it is relevant to the audience.. ...

Laboratory for Childhood Brain Tumor Research. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and one of the leading causes of death in this age group. Over one-third of children with medulloblastoma die within 5 years of diagnosis and the vast majority of survivors have significant neurological deficits due to the toxicity of combined surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. To improve survival and minimize side effects of current therapy, a more detailed understanding of the biology of medulloblastoma will better characterize the disease and will aid in prognosis and in identification of novel treatments.. Cancer, in general, is a disease that is believed to originate sporadically from one or a few cells within a tissue. After a cell acquires genetic mutations over time, the cell then has a growth advantage over normal surrounding cells in the tissue, and has the potential to become cancerous. Current mouse models of cancer, including those for medulloblastoma, have been ...

Tumors within the cerebellum of the brain can be malignant or benign. This is often a secondary site for metastasis from other cancers, including lung and breast cancer. Symptoms of cerebellar tumors include ataxia and intracranial hypertension. Here is the latest research on cerebellar neoplasms. ...

In chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays, injection of cilengitide into CAM vasculature prevented the growth of implanted U87MG glioma and DAOY medulloblastoma tumor fragments compared to the inactive peptide EMD135981. The inhibition of tumor growth was attributed to the anti-angiogenic activity of cilengitide as membrane vascularity surrounding the tumor graft was greatly decreased by cilengitide treatment as compared to the inactive control peptide [130]. In animal models, cilengitide, as a single agent effectively inhibited the growth and proliferation of orthotopically implanted malignant glioma and medulloblastoma cell lines in nude mice. Daily treatment of established xenografts with 100-200 µg cilengitide significantly delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to controls. The delayed tumor growth was accompanied by increases in CD31 and tumor doubling times, elevated apoptotic index and decreases in proliferative index and tumor vessel number and density [130]. ...

A major goal of our work is to study medulloblastoma biology to facilitate the development of targeted therapy. Here, we have dissected the contribution of epigenetics to tumor development. Epigenetic perturbations are pharmacologically reversible and may have therapeutic potential. The RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) is an epigenetic modulator, and a repressor of neuronal differentiation genes. Its expression is significantly elevated in human medulloblastomas, and is associated with poor prognosis. REST is a driver of medulloblastoma in mouse orthotopic models. To understand RESTs contribution to tumor development, we created a novel genetically engineered mouse model in which REST transgene is conditionally elevated in the cerebellar granule progenitors (GNPs), the cells of origin of some medulloblastoma. Transgene induction caused GNP hyperproliferation, accompanied by a failure to express the cell cycle regulator-p27. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we attributed the ...

INTRODUCTION. Seeding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leptomeninges by human tumor cells is associated with hydrocephalus and poor prognosis. CSF tumor spread is most commonly found in breast carcinoma in adults, and medulloblastoma in children. We evaluated breast cancer and medulloblastoma leptomeningeal (LM) tumor models as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology, and survival. METHODS. MDA-MB231BR human breast carcinoma cells expressing HER2 (1 x 106 cells) and DAOY human medulloblastoma cells (1.5 x 106 or 5 x 106) were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle or the cisterna magna of adult female or male nude rats, respectively. Animals underwent weekly MRI (T2-weighted and T1-weighted with or without gadolinium). Ventricular volume and ventricular/cerebral ratio were measured as markers of hydrocephalus. Rat brains were harvested 1-4 weeks after tumor cell injection, or followed for survival, and coronal sections were evaluated by histology and ...

Schwalbe EC, Lindsey JC, Nakjang S, Crosier S, Smith AJ, Hicks D, Rafiee G, Hill RM, Iliasova A, Stone T, Pizer B, Michalski A, Joshi A, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford SC. Novel molecular subgroups for clinical classification and outcome prediction in childhood medulloblastoma: a cohort study. The Lancet Oncology 2017, 18(7), 958-971 ...

The quest to improve survival of children with a high-risk brain tumor has led investigators at St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital to two drugs already used to treat adults with breast, pancreatic, lung, and other cancers. The study by Morfouace at al was published today in Cancer Cell. Researchers demonstrated that combination pemetrexed (Alimta) and gemcitabine was effective against mouse and human group 3 medulloblastoma cells. Of the four distinct medulloblastoma subtypes, patients with group 3 medulloblastoma have the worst prognosis.. Used together, pemetrexed and gemcitabine doubled life expectancy of mice with human group 3 medulloblastoma, compared to untreated mice. When pemetrexed and gemcitabine were combined with two chemotherapy drugs currently used to treat pediatric medulloblastoma, the mice lived even longer.. Study Details. The drugs were identified by screening the St. Jude library of 7,389 compounds looking for ones that targeted group 3 mouse tumor cells rather than ...

Embryonal tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a heterogeneous group of tumours about which little is known biologically, and whose diagnosis, on the basis of morphologic appearance alone, is controversial. Medulloblastomas, for example, are the most common malignant brain tumour of …

Medulloblastoma, an aggressive cancer of the cerebellum, is among the most common pediatric brain tumors. Approximately one-third of medulloblastomas are associated with misactivation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. GLI family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) coordinates the Hh transcriptional program; however, the GLI2 targets that promote cancer cell proliferation are unknown. Here, we incorporated a Gli2-EGFP allele into 2 different genetic mouse models of Hh-associated medulloblastoma. Hh signaling induced GLI2 binding to the Cdk6 promoter and activated Cdk6 expression, thereby promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CDK6 in mice repressed the growth of Hh-associated medulloblastoma and prolonged survival through inhibition of cell proliferation. In human medulloblastoma, misactivation of Hh signaling was associated with high levels of CDK6, pointing to CDK6 as a direct transcriptional target of the Hh pathway. These results suggest that CDK6 antagonists may be ...

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. Despite aggressive therapy, many patients succumb to the disease, and survivors experience severe side effects from treatment. MYC-driven MB has a particularly poor prognosis and would greatly benefit from more effective therapies. We …

LY2940680 administered orally once daily at escalating doses (92.5 milligrams per square meter [mg/m^2] up to 370 mg/m^2) for two 28 day cycles. Lower dose levels (23 mg/m^2 and 46 mg/m^2) may also be explored, if necessary. Participants receiving benefit may continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation ...

To analyse the histo-morphology of cases of medullomyoblastoma and identifying its divergent differentiation. A retrospective review of all cases reported as medulloblastoma between the period of Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 was carried out on Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained slides. The cases were screened on light microscopy for primitive neuroectodermal component of a medulloblastoma accompanied by areas of myoid differentiation, identified on the basis of presence of strap cells (indicating a clear skeletal muscle differentiation) and/or large anaplastic cells with vescicular nuclei and moderate to abundant amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. All these cases were subjected to a panel of immunohistochemical stains, including Desmin, GFAP, NFP, HMB45, SMA, S100, CK and EMA. Ultrastructral analysis was done on tissue obtained from paraffin blocks in 2 cases. Male predominance (M:F = 5:1) was noted with an incidence of five percent of all cases of medulloblastoma (6 out of 120 cases) over a period of 6

Expert-reviewed information summary about the treatment of childhood medulloblastoma, nonmedulloblastoma embryonal tumors, and pineal tumors.

Expert-reviewed information summary about the treatment of childhood medulloblastoma, nonmedulloblastoma embryonal tumors, and pineal tumors.

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A 14-year-old girl came into the ER with a prolonged history of vomiting and headaches. I looked at her MRI and saw what appeared to be a medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Theres some urgency to dealing with t [...]

Medulloblastoma arises from mutations occurring in stem/progenitor cells located in restricted hindbrain territories. Here we report that the mouse postnatal ventricular zone lining the IV ventricle also harbors bona fide stem cells that, remarkably, share the same molecular profile with cerebellar white matter-derived neural stem cells (NSC). To identify novel molecular mediators involved in medulloblastomagenesis, we compared these distinct postnatal hindbrain-derived NSC populations, which are potentially tumor initiating, with murine compound Ptch/p53 mutant medulloblastoma cancer stem cells (CSC) that faithfully phenocopy the different variants of human medulloblastoma in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of both hindbrain NSCs and medulloblastoma CSCs resulted in the generation of well-defined gene signatures, each reminiscent of a specific human medulloblastoma molecular subclass. Most interestingly, medulloblastoma CSCs upregulated developmentally related genes, such as Ebfs, that were shown ...

In the journal Cancer Research, UNC Lineberger researchers led by member Timothy R. Gershon, MD, PhD, report in the latest in a series of attempts to shut down the energy production machinery in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The findings may help researchers identify a suitable therapeutic target within the sugar metabolism pathway, and provide clues to a scientific mystery surrounding the confounding way that some cancer cells get energy from sugar. ...

1. Although surgery remains the major treatment for medulloblastoma, there is still controversy regarding the impact of resection on the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma. Furthermore, in cases of adherent medulloblastoma to the brainstem, complete resection is extremely difficult. In addition, metastasis via the cerebrospinal fluid is common; thus, medulloblastoma patients often have a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate 2.. Clinically, the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma is often determined according to the pathological type, which also provides a reference for the application of adjunctive therapies, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy 3,4. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for medulloblastoma is based on histomorphology. However, patients with the same pathological type of medulloblastoma still have distinct genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma may vary even within the same WHO ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A fibrotic nodule arising from the cerebellopontine angle. AU - Amano, Toshiyuki. AU - Suzuki, Satoshi. AU - Mizoguchi, Masahiro. AU - Yoshimoto, Koji. AU - Nakamizo, Akira. AU - Murata, Hideki. AU - Iwaki, Toru. AU - Sasaki, Tomio. PY - 2013/4/1. Y1 - 2013/4/1. N2 - The authors present an extremely rare case of a fibrotic nodule arising from the cerebellopontine (CP) angle. A 57-year-old male had suffered from hearing disturbance and tinnitus for several years. Computed tomography revealed a high-density mass in the left CP angle with little enhancement after intravenous administration of contrast media. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a very hypointense mass on T2-weighted imaging. T1-weighted MRI with gadolinium revealed very faint, delayed enhancement of the tumor. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor. Histopathologically the lesion comprised entirely fibrotic tissue consisting of thick collagenous fibers and sclerosing blood vessels with a few ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Epigenetic regulation in medulloblastoma. AU - Yi, Jiaqing. AU - Wu, Jiang. N1 - Funding Information: The work in the Wu lab is supported by grants from NINDS (R01NS096068, R21NS104596), the American Cancer Society, and the Welch Foundation (to J. Wu).. PY - 2018/3. Y1 - 2018/3. N2 - Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. The heterogeneous tumors are classified into four subgroups based on transcription profiles. Recent developments in genome-wide sequencing techniques have rapidly advanced the understanding of these tumors. The high percentages of somatic alterations of genes encoding chromatin regulators in all subgroups suggest that epigenetic deregulation is a major driver of medulloblastoma. In this report, we review the current understanding of epigenetic regulation in medulloblastoma with a focus on the functional studies of chromatin regulators in the initiation and progression of specific subgroups of medulloblastoma. We also discuss the ...