The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina) displays increased cellulase expression while growing on inducers such as lactose or cellulose. However, the mechanism of cellulase induction in T. reesei is not yet completely characterized. Here, a protein annotated as β-glucosidase (BGL3I) was found to be involved in cellulase induction in T. reesei. The effects of BGL3I on cellulase production have not yet been fully understood. Deletion of the bgl3i gene had no influence on the growth of T. reesei, but significantly increased its cellulase activities. Deletion of bgl3i also resulted in decreased extracellular galactosidase activity, but significantly increased transcription of lactose permeases, which might be involved in lactose transport. Furthermore, deletion of bgl3i enhanced the transcription levels of intracellular β-glucosidases cel1a, cel1b and the regulator xyr1, which are all essential for lactose induction in T. reesei. BGL3I was found to have a relatively high

The aim of this study was to enable the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments within endoglucanase gene(s) of Torula thermophila, by using degenerate primers so that the amplified fragment(s) could be used as homologous probe(s) for cloning of full-length endoglucanase gene(s). The design of the degenerate PCR primers was mainly based on the endoglucanase sequences of other fungi. The endoglucanase gene sequence of Humicola insolens was the only sequence from a thermophilic fungus publicly available in the literature. Therefore, the endoglucanase sequences of the two Trichoderma species, Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, were used to generalize the primers. PCR amplification of T. thermophila genomic DNA with these primers resulted in a specific amplification. The specificity of the amplified fragment was shown by Southern hybridization analysis using egl3 gene of T. reesei as probe. This result suggested that the degenerate primers used in this study ...

An analysis of the recently published genome sequence of Cytophagahutchinsonii revealed an unusual collection of genes for an organism that can attackcrystalline cellulose. Consequently, questions were being raised by cellulase scientists, as towhat mechanism this organism uses to degrade its insoluble substrates. Cellulose, being ahighly polymeric compound and insoluble in water, cannot enter the cell walls ofmicroorganisms. Cellulose-degrading enzymes have therefore to be located on the surface ofthe cell wall or released extracellularly. The location of most cellulase enzymes has beenstudied. However, basic information on C. hutchinsonii cellulases is almost non-existent. Inthe present study, the location, formation and biosynthetic regulation of cellulases in C.hutchinsonii were demonstrated on different substrates. Various fractions isolated from C.hutchinsonii after cell rupture were assayed for carboxymethyl-cellulase activity (CMC).The cellulases were found to be predominantly cell-free during

Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr

Cellulosic ethanol produced by microbial fermentation from feedstocks has been proposed to replace fossil fuels in transportation. A key step in cellulosic ethanol production is to break down cellulose into glucose and hemicellulose into xylose, which can subsequently be converted into ethanol by fermentative microbes. Therefore, finding efficient cellulases is important to bioethanol production, as well as for hydrolyzing feedstocks into sugars in general. Neocallimastix species is one of the major anaerobic fungi in the rumen of water buffalo capable of efficiently digesting cellulosic biomass [1-4]. Such anaerobic fungi are potential sources for highly active cellulolytic enzymes that are useful for cellulose hydrolysis [5-7]. Plant cell wall degrading enzymes from rumen fungi such as Neocallimastix patriciarum may be used for the production of industrial materials from plant biomass. These enzymes may also improve the fiber properties of cotton for manufacturing or clothes. The simple sugars ...

Cellulase (endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase) (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) [ME-CELBA] - High purity recombinant Cellulase (endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase) (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) for use in research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis. EC 3.2.1.4 CAZy Family: GH5 Recombinant. From Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In 3.2 M ammonium sulphate. Specific activity: ~ 80 U/mg (40oC, pH 6.0 on CM-cellulose 4M); ~ 160 U/mg (60oC, pH 6.0 on CM-cellulose 4M). Stability: | 2 years at 4oC.

Cellulolytic enzymes capable of efficiently degrading crystalline cellulose are a complex mixture of endo- (endoglucanases) and exo-acting (cellobiohydrolases) enzymes. One approach to separating these enzymes is affinity chromatography. A new ligand, p-aminophenyl l-thio-β-D-cellobioside (APTC), is introduced for this purpose. The property of APTC in affinity chromatography is demonstrated using Trichoderma reesei cellulases. The behavior of these enzymes on APTC-affinity column was essentially equivalent to that reported for the same enzymes on p-aminobenzyl 1-thio-β- D-cellobioside (ABTC)-columns; ABTC being the traditional ligand for affinity chromatography of exocellulases. The primary advantage of the APTC ligand is its ease of preparation. The affinity between CBHs and APTC may be considerably affected by nonspecific interactions. In this study, the significance of nonspecific protein/matrix interactions in affinity chromatography of cellulolytic enzymes is evaluated. The role of pH, ...

Effect of Natural and Pretreated Soybean Hulls on Enzyme Production by Trichoderma reesei. (A. M. Coffman, Q. Li, L.-K. Ju) Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 91 (8), 1331-1338 (2014). View Article. Promoting Pellet Growth of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 by Surfactants for Easy Separation and Enhanced Cellulase Production. (N.V. Callow and L.-K. Ju) Enzyme and Microbial Technology 50(6-7), 311-317 (2012). View Article. Cellulase production by continuous culture of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 using acid hydrolysate prepared to retain more oligosaccharides for induction. (C.-M. Lo, Q. Zhang, N. V. Callow and L.-K. Ju) Bioresource Technology. 101(2), 717-23 (2010). View Article. Cell immobilization with polyurethane foam for retaining Trichoderma reesei cells during foam fractionation for cellulase collection. (Q. Zhang, C.-M. Lo, and L.-K. Ju) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 156, 12-23 (2009). View Article. Cellulase production by cocultures of Hypocrea jecorina Rut C30 and Candida ...

phdthesis{a42f4c58-3e50-41b9-87ac-a3c37465f8bc, abstract = {The enzymatic degradation of wood polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose is an important process in nature. In addition, cellulases and hemicellulases can be used in industrial applications. Fuel ethanol can potentially be produced from wood by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose followed by yeast fermentation of the formed sugars.,br/,,br, ,br/,,br, In this thesis, fungal glycoside hydrolases, cellulases and hemicellulases were studied with the aim of increasing our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and lignocellulose. The focus was mainly on cellulases from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. However, lignocellulose also contains hemicellulose and studies of hemicellulases are included,br/,,br, ,br/,,br, In Paper I-IV the mechanisms involved in cellulose degradation were investigated. Features of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis such as synergism, decreasing hydrolysis rate ...

The interaction between cellulase enzymes and their substrates is of central importance to several technological and scientific challenges. Here we report that the binding of cellulose binding modules (CBM) from Trichoderma reesei cellulases Cel6A and Cel7A show a major difference in how they interact with substrates originating from wood compared to bacterial cellulose. We found that the CBM from TrCel7A recognizes the two substrates differently and as a consequence shows an unexpected way of binding. We show that the substrate has a large impact on the exchange rate of the studied CBM, and moreover, CBM-TrCel7A seems to have an additional mode of binding on wood derived cellulose but not on cellulose originating from bacterial source. This mode is not seen in double CBM (DCBM) constructs comprising both CBM-TrCel7A and CBM-TrCel6A. The linker length of DCBMs affects the binding properties, and slows down the exchange rates of the proteins and thus, can be used to analyze the differences ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Adsorption of monocomponent enzymes in enzyme mixture analyzed quantitatively during hydrolysis of lignocellulose substrates. AU - Varnai, Anikó. AU - Viikari, Liisa. AU - Marjamaa, Kaisa. AU - Siika-aho, Matti. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - The adsorption of purified Trichoderma reesei cellulases (TrCel7A, TrCel6A and TrCel5A) and xylanase TrXyn11 and Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase AnCel3A was studied in enzyme mixture during hydrolysis of two pretreated lignocellulosic materials, steam pretreated and catalytically delignified spruce, along with microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel). The enzyme mixture was compiled to resemble the composition of commercial cellulase preparations. The hydrolysis was carried out at 35 °C to mimic the temperature of the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Enzyme adsorption was followed by analyzing the activity and the protein amount of the individual free enzymes in the hydrolysis supernatant. Most enzymes adsorbed quickly at ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Stability analysis of Bacillus stearothermopilus L1 lipase fused with a cellulose-binding domain. AU - Hwang, Sangpill. AU - Ahn, Ik Sung. N1 - Funding Information: ^ÅâåçïäÉÇÖÉãÉåí This work was made possible with funding provided by the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation to Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Research Center at POSTECH.. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - This study was designed to investigate the stability of a lipase fused with a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) to cellulase. The fusion protein was derived from a gene cluster of a CBD fragment of a cellulase gene in Trichoderma hazianum and a lipase gene in Bacillus stearothermophilus L1. Due to the CBD, this lipase can be immobilized to a cellulose material. Factors affecting the lipase stability were divided into the reaction-independent factors (RIF), and the reaction-dependent factors (RDF). RIF includes the reaction conditions such as pH and temperature, whereas substrate limitation and product ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of a multidomain cellulase from an extremely thermophilic anaerobe strain NA10. AU - Miyake, Katsuhide. AU - Machida, Yuichi. AU - Hattori, Kouji. AU - Iijima, Shinji. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - The nucleotide sequence of a β-glucanase gene from an extremely thermophilic anaerobe NA10 was determined. The open reading frame extended over 3000 bp and encoded a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 113 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein exhibited high homology to a bifunctional cellulase CelB of Caldocellum saccharolyticum. Based on the homology to GelB, the NA10 β-glucanase appears to comprise three domains: N- terminal, central, and C-terminal domains. Among these, N- and C-terminal domains apper to be catalytic domains, and the central domain to be a cellulose binding domain. These domains were joined with each other by proline and threonine rich segments (PT box). The ...

Various enzymatic cocktails were produced from two Trichoderma reesei strains, a cellulase hyperproducer strain and a strain with β-glucosidase activity overexpression. By using various carbon sources (lactose, glucose, xylose, hemicellulosic hydrolysate) for strains growth, contrasted enzymatic activities were obtained. The enzymatic cocktails presented various levels of efficiency for the hydrolysis of cellulose Avicel into glucose, in presence of xylans, or not. These latter were also hydrolyzed with different extents according to cocktails. The most efficient cocktails (TR1 and TR3) on Avicel were richer in filter paper activity (FPU) and presented a low ratio FPU/β-glucosidase activity. Cocktails TR2 and TR5 which were produced on the higher amount of hemicellulosic hydrolysate, possess both high xylanase and β-xylosidase activities, and were the most efficient for xylans hydrolysis. When hydrolysis of Avicel was conducted in presence of xylans, a decrease of glucose release occurred for all

The commonly used laboratory bacterium Escherichia coli normally does not produce and secrete cellulases due to its complex bilayer membrane structure and poor secretory apparatus. In our previous study, the cellulolytic E. coli strain ZH-4 with extracellular cellulase activity was found in the bovine rumen. In this study, we demonstrate that the secretion of cellulase is a common feature of E. coli isolates from the rumen of animals such as sheep and cattle. Physiological phenotype characterization of these E. coli isolates, together with genome, transcriptome, and comparative genomics analysis, suggests their adaption to the rumen niche. The higher growth rate of the isolated strains under aerobic conditions meets the competitive requirements of the strains in rumen microecosystem, while anaerobic accumulation of reduced H2 and succinate is hypothesized to be the results of adaptation to the rumen environment. Cellulase secretion increased significantly when the molecular chaperone genes ibpA ...

The enzyme diversity from the cellulolytic system produced by grown on crystalline cellulose like a sole carbon and energy source was explored by two-dimensional electrophoresis. proteins outlined in the NCBI database. Using Trap-Dock PCR and DNA walking, seven genes encoding new dockerin-containing proteins were cloned and sequenced. Some of these genes are clustered. Enzymes encoded by these genes belong to glycoside hydrolase family members GH2, GH9, GH10, GH26, GH27, and GH59. Except for members of family GH9, which consists of only cellulases, the new modular glycoside hydrolases found out in this work could be involved in the degradation of different hemicellulosic substrates, such as xylan or galactomannan. Cellulose, a long polymer of -1,4-glucose, is the major component of the herb cell wall (39). Cellulolytic bacteria and fungi secrete many different types of cellulases to catalyze efficient degradation of this recalcitrant substrate. Many cellulolytic, anaerobic microorganisms secrete ...

Plasma-assisted pretreated wheat straw was investigated for cellulase and xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei fermentation. Fermentations were conducted with media containing washed and unwashed plasma-assisted pretreated wheat straw as carbon source which was sterilized by autoclavation. To account for any effects of autoclavation, a comparison was made with unsterilized media containing antibiotics. It was found that unsterilized washed plasma-assisted pretreated wheat straw (which contained antibiotics) was best suited for the production of xylanases (110 IU ml(-1)) and cellulases (0.5 filter paper units (FPU) ml(-1)). Addition of Avicel boosted enzyme titers with the highest cellulase titers (1.5 FPU ml(-1)) found with addition of 50 % w/w Avicel and with the highest xylanase production (350 IU ml(-1)) reached in the presence of 10 % w/w Avicel. Comparison with enzyme titers from other nonrefined feedstocks suggests that plasma pretreated wheat straw is a promising and suitable ...

Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides. The name is also used for any naturally occurring mixture or complex of various such enzymes, that act serially or synergistically to decompose cellulosic material. Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides (simple sugars) such as beta-glucose, or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Cellulose breakdown is of considerable economic importance, because it makes a major constituent of plants available for consumption and use in chemical reactions. The specific reaction involved is the hydrolysis of the 1,4-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose, hemicellulose, lichenin, and cereal beta-D-glucans. Because cellulose molecules bind strongly to each other, cellulolysis is relatively difficult compared to the breakdown of other polysaccharides such as starch.[2] Most mammals have only ...

Method of preparation and some properties of amorphous cellulose nanoparticles (ANP) have been described in this paper. It was shown that ANP have spherical shape and are characterized by high degree of pantamorphia, low DP and increased content of sulfonic groups. The amorphous nanoparticles of cellulose are completely hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes with forming of glucose. Concentrated paste of ANP has expressed thickening properties and therefore its additive can prevent phase separation of water dispersions of various substances. Low-acidic and soft nanoparticles can be used in cosmetic formulation for gentle skin peeling. Moreover, due to increased content of acidic functional groups, ANP can immobilize various therapeutically-active substances (TAS) containing basic functional groups. The ANP-TAS complexes can be used in remedies aimed for effective care and cure of the skin.

Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related pol

Background The in-depth understanding of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose with heterogeneous morphology (that is, crystalline versus amorphous) may help develop better cellulase cocktail mixtures and biomass pretreatment, wherein cost-effective release of soluble sugars from solid cellulosic materials remains the largest obstacle to the economic viability of second generation biorefineries. Results In addition to the previously developed non-hydrolytic fusion protein, GC3, containing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3) that can bind both surfaces of amorphous and crystalline celluloses, we developed a new protein probe, CC17, which contained a mono-cherry fluorescent protein (CFP) and a family 17 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM17) that can bind only amorphous cellulose surfaces. Via these two probes, the surface accessibilities of amorphous and crystalline celluloses were determined quantitatively. Our results for the enzymatic hydrolysis of ...

Hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is the most critical step in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Cellulases and homogenous acids are widely used for cellulose hydrolysis. However, cellulases can only be used at moderate conditions and need longer time to achieve satisfactory cellulose hydrolysis. Homogenous acids can tolerate higher temperature, but they have limitations and issues such as equipment corrosion, recycling and wastewater treatment. To address these issues, heterogeneous solid acids have recently drawn a lot of attention for hydrolyzing cellulose. Traditional solid acids such as sulfonated carbon and resins, however, are not as effective as homogenous acids and cellulases in hydrolyzing cellulose because they have poor access/affinity to cellulose. In this study, a series of porous polymeric solid acids were synthesized for cellulose hydrolysis. These cellulase-mimetic solid acids have hydroxyl, halide, or boronic acid as cellulose-binding group in ...

Disclosed are variants of Humicola grisea CeI7A (CBH1.1), H. jecorina CBH1 variant or S. thermophilium CBH1, nucleic acids encoding the same and methods for producing the same. The variant cellulases have the amino acid sequence of a glycosyl hydrolase of family 7A wherein one or more amino acid residues are substituted.

Abdulrahman AO, Huisingh D (2018). The role of biomass as a cleaner energy source in Egypts energy mix. Journal of Cleaner Production 172:3918-3930. Ahmed S, Bashir A, Saleem H, Mubshara S, Jamil A (2009). Production and purification of cellulose - degrading enzymes from a filamentous fungus. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(3):1411-1419. Bakker RRC, Elbersen HW, Poppens RP, Lesschen JP (2013). Rice straw and wheat straw. Potential feedstocks for the biobased economy. NL Agency. Report No. 448025. Retrieved from https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/448025. Bayer EA, Morag E, Lamed R (1991). The cellulosome - a treasure- trove for biotechnology. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266(253):9241-9250. Béguin P, Aubert J-P (1994). The biological degradation of cellulose. Federation of European Microbiological Societies Microbiology Reviews 13(1):25-58. Benoit I, Culleton H, Zhou M, Difalco M, Osorio GA, Battaglia E, … Vries R P (2015). Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to ...

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. Depending on the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule, they affected the enzyme activity against cellulose either negatively or positively. The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. The mechanism of the N-glycan influence seems to be universal for GH6 and GH7 CBHs. The observed effects for CBHs from both ...

Trichoderma reesei is a key fungus for industrial production of lignocellulolytic enzymes. The genome sequences of the T. reesei hyper-cellulolytic strain RUT-C30 and its parental strain QM6a were compared at the nucleotide level. Approximately 97% of the 87 genomic-sequence scaffolds of T. reesei QM6a (33Mb) were found to have the corresponding nucleotide in the 182 genome-sequence scaffolds of RUT-C30 (32Mb). There are 455 loci within the QM6 sequence not detected in the RUT-C30 sequence. Regions at the termini of QM6a scaffolds as well as 14 small scaffolds do not have corresponding regions in RUT-C30 genomic scaffolds. Seventy-eight protein-encoding genes are included within these regions. Mutated nucleotide(s) in 2,371 positions, including short insertion/deletions (indels), were detected in the aligned regions. The predicted protein-coding regions of 97 gene models contain mutations, 34 of which were not previously described. Twenty-seven out of 34 newly discovered genes were found to have ...

The industrial applications of cellulases are mostly limited by the costs associated with their production. Optimized production pathways are therefore desirable. Based on their enzyme inducing capacity, celluloses are commonly used in fermentation media. However, the influence of their physiochemical characteristics on the production process is not well understood. In this study, we examined how physical, structural and chemical properties of celluloses influence cellulase and hemicellulase production in an industrially-optimized and a non-engineered filamentous fungus: Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 and Neurospora crassa. The performance was evaluated by quantifying gene induction, protein secretion and enzymatic activities. Among the three investigated substrates, the powdered cellulose was found to be the most impure, and the residual hemicellulosic content was efficiently perceived by the fungi. It was furthermore found to be the least crystalline substrate and consequently was the most readily

The 2018 Gordon Research Seminar on Cellulosomes, Cellulases and Other Carbohydrate Modifying Enzymes (GRS) will be held in Andover, NH. Apply today to reserve your spot.

Meruliporia incrassata ATCC ® 11236™ Designation: Madison 563 Application: fungus resistance testing produces endoglucanase Cel 25 produces endoglucanase Cel 49 produces endoglucanase Cel 57 testing wood preservatives

One.Product presentation Cellulase is extracted from the fermentation solution which is produced by fermenting Trichoderma koningii which is a fruitful strain. This enzyme is being used in textile,feed,alcohol,fuel alcohol,beer fermentation,extract medicine,etc. Two.Product specification and quality index Item International Trade Leads - Importers And Exporters. INTERNATIONAL TRADE DIRECTORY for b2b trade. Suppliers and business opportunities in USA, EUROPE, ASIA and around the world..

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

1G9J: Structures of mutants of cellulase Cel48F of Clostridium cellulolyticum in complex with long hemithiocellooligosaccharides give rise to a new view of the substrate pathway during processive action

TY - GEN. T1 - Trichoderma cellulases. T2 - 1st European Conference on Fungal Genetics. AU - Penttilä, Merja. AU - Ilmen, Marja. AU - Keränen, Sirkka. AU - Nakari, Tiina. AU - Nyyssönen, Eini. AU - Onnela, Maija-Leena. AU - Saloheimo, Anu. N1 - Project code: BIO8004. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. M3 - Conference article in proceedings. BT - 1st European Conference on Fungal Genetics. PB - University of Nottingham. CY - Nottingham. Y2 - 20 August 1992 through 23 August 1992. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The antimicrobial reagent role on the degradation of model cellulose film. AU - Jausovec, D.. AU - Angelescu, Daniel. AU - Voncina, B.. AU - Nylander, Tommy. AU - Lindman, Björn. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. N2 - The effect of the antimicrobial agent TMPAC (3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride) on the cellulase activity oil model cellulose substrate was investigated by in situ-null ellipsometry. The cellulases used were extracted from Trichoderma virlde and Aspergillus niger, and the model cellulose film was prepared by spin-coating silicon oxide wafers with cellulose solubilized in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide/dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Upon enzyme addition to the previously equilibrated cellulose film, the initial enzyme adsorption oil the substrate was followed by an overall decrease in film mass owing to enzymatic digestion of the cellulose. The loss of cellulose film mass was associated with a non-monotonously behavior of the cellulose film thickness. The ...

Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) is a filamentous ascomycete of industrial importance due to its hydrolases (e.g., xylanases and cellulases). The regulation of gene expression can influence the composition of the hydrolase cocktail, and thus, transcription factors are a major target of current research. Here, we design an approach for identifying a repressor of a xylanase-encoding gene. We used streptavidin affinity chromatography to isolate the Xylanase promoter-binding protein 1 (Xpp1). The optimal conditions and templates for the chromatography step were chosen according to the results of an electrophoretic mobility shift assay performed under repressing conditions, which yielded a DNA-protein complex specific to the AGAA-box (the previously identified, tetranucleotide cis-acting element). After isolating AGAA-box binding proteins, the eluted proteins were identified with Nano-HPLC/tandem MS-coupled detection. We compared the identified peptides to sequences in the H. jecorina genome

This project is aimed at using large-scale, high-performance computing to gain insights into the primary routes that nature uses to degrade plant cell walls. The overall goal is to enable rational design of superior biological catalysts for conversion of biomass to sugars for renewable liquid fuels. Project researchers will focus on the prevalent biological route to cellulose conversion: enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases.

Some exocellulases, most of which belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 48 (GH48, formerly known as cellulase family L), act at the reducing ends of cellulose and similar substrates. The CelS enzyme from Clostridium thermocellum is the most abundant subunit of the cellulosome formed by the organism. It liberates cellobiose units from the reducing end by hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, employing an inverting reaction mechanism [2]. Different from EC 3.2.1.91, which attacks cellulose from the non-reducing end ...

I was thinking of trying something about candida again and searched vitacost for anti-fungals and cleanses. Among the usual combos with fiber, probiotics and anti-fungals like garlic and herbs, there were some that contained enzymes as well or instead.http://www.vitacost.com/NSI-Candida-Yeast-Man...

The crystal structure of Cel48F, a cellulosome component of C. cellulolyticum, revealed the active center at the junction of the cleft and tunnel regions, where Glu55 is the proposed proton donor in the cleavage reaction, and the corresponding base was initially proposed to be either Glu44 or Asp230 [8]. The structure of the catalytic module of Cel48S of C. thermocellum showed a similar tunnel-shaped substrate-binding region formed by the alpha helices in the protein. The hydrolysis of the cellulose chain in Cel48S appeared to involve Glu87 (the equivalent of Glu55 in C. cellulolyticum Cel48F) as an acid to protonate the glycosidic oxygen atom and Tyr351 as a base to extract a proton from the nucleophilic water molecule that attacks the anomeric carbon atom. More recent studies of Cel48F failed to unambiguously identity the catalytic base in the cleavage reaction [7]. A recent experimental study in Thermobifida fusca Cel48A confirmed that aspartic acid (Asp225) is the catalytic base in family 48 ...

15112DNAMyceliophthora thermophila 1ctttccagca ca 1228DNAMyceliophthora thermophila 2gaaaggtc 831188DNAMyceliophthora thermophila 3cgacttgaaa cgccccaaat gaagtcctcc atcctcgcca gcgtcttcgc cacgggcgcc 60gtggctcaaa gtggtccgtg gcagcaatgt ggtggcatcg gatggcaagg atcgaccgac 120tgtgtgtcgg gctaccactg cgtctaccag aacgattggt acagccagtg cgtgcctggc 180gcggcgtcga caacgctgca gacatcgacc acgtccaggc ccaccgccac cagcaccgcc 240cctccgtcgt ccaccacctc gcctagcaag ggcaagctga agtggctcgg cagcaacgag 300tcgggcgccg agttcgggga gggcaattac cccggcctct ggggcaagca cttcatcttc 360ccgtcgactt cggcgattca gacgctcatc aatgatggat acaacatctt ccggatcgac 420ttctcgatgg agcgtctggt gcccaaccag ttgacgtcgt ccttcgacca gggttacctc 480cgcaacctga ccgaggtggt caacttcgtg acgaacgcgg gcaagtacgc cgtcctggac 540ccgcacaact acggccggta ctacggcaac atcatcacgg acacgaacgc gttccggacc 600ttctggacca acctggccaa gcagttcgcc tccaactcgc tcgtcatctt cgacaccaac 660aacgagtaca acacgatgga ccagaccctg gtgctcaacc tcaaccaggc cgccatcgac 720ggcatccggg ccgccggcgc gacctcgcag tacatcttcg ...

article{569d6702-1354-4b3b-8b97-3c11c9807854, abstract = {Metabolic stress is a phenomenon often discussed in conjunction with recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. This investigation shows how heterologous protein production, and the presence of host cell proteases is related to: i) IPTG induction, ii) cell mass concentration at the time of induction and iii) the presence of metabolites (glutamic acid or those from TSB) during the post induction phase of high-cell-density (HCD) fed-batch cultivations. Two thermostable xylanase variants and one thermostable cellulase, all originating from Rhodothermus marinus were expressed in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). A three-fold difference in the specific activity of both xylanase variants [between 7000 and 21000 U / (g cdw)], was observed under the different conditions tested. Upon induction at high cell-mass concentrations employing a nutrient feed devoid of the metabolites above, the specific activity of the xylanase variants, was initially ...

We have used chemostat cultivations at specific growth rates and cell densities to characterise the transcriptome and proteome of T.reesei in order to understand the molecular bases of low growth protein production phenotype. The stability of the cultivations was monitored with online and off-line measurements, including a monitoring for stability of transcription of the 31 reporter genes covering essential cellular processes [66].. We used the strain Rut-C30, instead of the sequenced QM6a strain, due to its improved protein production capabilities. The mutations in Rut-C30 in comparison to QM6a have been described genome wide [67, 68] and the phenotype of three of them have been studied. For the single major multi gene deletion of Rut-C30 in scaffold 15, it has been shown that it has no impact to cellulase production on lactose containing medium [68]. The glucosidase II alpha subunit frameshift of Rut-C30 improves protein production by changing the glycosylation pattern of secreted proteins ...

The ability of termites to eat wood and break the cellulose down into glucose quickly and efficiently have made studying the insects a point of focus for a number of scientists, including Nobel laureate Steven Chu, now Director of the Lawrence Berkeley Labs, who would like to apply that capability...

Cellulase is utilized for industrial food stuff processing in espresso. It performs hydrolysis of cellulose in the course of drying of beans. Cellulase is Utilized in the fermentation of biomass into biofuels, Whilst this method is comparatively experimental At the moment. Cellulase is employed to handle click here Phytobezoars, a sort of cellulose bezoar located in the human abdomen ...

Enzymes have a very wide range of functions in living organisms. Both signal transduction and regulation of cellular activity rely on enzymes, especially kinases and phosphatases. Enzymes also involve in movement by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP on myosin to make muscle contractions and can act as part of the cytoskeleton involved in transporting intracellular substances. ATP enzyme in the cell membrane as the ion pump involves in active transport.. In this articles, there introduces several enzymes biological functions from Creative Enzymes which may greatly help your study researches.. Cellulase. Since the study of cellulase has entered the molecular level, people have gradually explored the structure and function, gene regulation and genetic modification of cellulase.. Chitinase. Chitinase plays a very important physiological role in various organisms. In recent years, a variety of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins have been found in mammals, which plays a very important role in the ...

Separate binding of several purified cellulolytic components of Trichoderma reesei on to filter paper was studied and concomitant hydrolysis rates evaluated. Enhancement of mass transfer from the bulk liquid to the solid substrate by agitation has two different effects on adsorption depending on the type of enzyme: (i) the fraction of cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II) and endoglucanase III (EG III) bound at equilibrium is increased, whereas (ii) the rate but not the extent of cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) and endoglucanase I (EG I) adsorption is affected. The adsorption of CBH I core, a component lacking the cellulose-binding domain (CBD), is, however, not significantly influenced by mass transfer. The CBH I interdomain peptide (present in CBH I core b) does not participate in adsorption but enhances stability. The adsorption of CBH I core proteins is a fully reversible process whereas that of the intact CBH I is not. Thus, the interaction of the CBD with filter paper apparently accounts for the ...

Activities of cellulase of twenty strains of Fusarium verticillioides isolated from different sources were studied by means of three types of plate assays (CMC-plate, cup-plate, AZCL-plate). Strains were cultivated in CMC- liquid media and culture filtrates were used as source of cellulase. All the isolates studied were able to produce the cellulase activity, however, marked differences were observed in the rate of cellulase production. AZCL-plate assay is simple and very suitable for screening many isolates at the same time. ...

High quality Sandy Beige Powder Cellulose Cellulase , Industrial Microbial Cellulose 20000 U / g from China, Chinas leading cellulose degrading enzymes product, with strict quality control trichoderma reesei cellulase factories, producing high quality trichoderma reesei cellulase products.

A novel type of model substrates, i.e. immobilized p-aminophenyl-β-D-cellooligosaccharides, was developed and used in the study of exocellulases. The two major cellobiohydrolases from Trichoderma reesei, CBH I and CBH II were used as representative enzymes. p-Aminophenyl derivatives of cellobiose (PAPG₂), cellotriose (PAPG₃), and cellotetraose (PAPG₄) were synthesized from the reaction of p-nitrophenol and peracetylated glycosyl bromide of the corresponding cellooligosaccharides under the phase-transfer catalyzed conditions, followed by deacetylation and catalytic hydrogenation. p-Aminophenyl cellooligosaccharides were then tethered via their amino functional groups to N-hydroxy succinimide-activated agarose. The ability of CBH I and CBH II to associate with and catalyze the hydrolysis of reducing end tethered cellooligosaccharides was tested. CBH I catalyzed the hydrolysis of free PAPG₂ but CBH II did not. Both CBH I and CBH II reversibly bound, but did not hydrolyze, immobilized ...

Define carboxymethyl cellulose. carboxymethyl cellulose synonyms, carboxymethyl cellulose pronunciation, carboxymethyl cellulose translation, English dictionary definition of carboxymethyl cellulose. Noun 1. carboxymethyl cellulose - an acid derivative of cellulose cellulose - a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers

A recombinant Aspergillus niger strain expressing the Hypocrea jecorina endoglucanase Cel7B was grown on spent hydrolysates (stillage) from sugarcane bagasse and spruce wood. The spent hydrolysates served as excellent growth media for the Cel7B-producing strain, A. niger D15[egI], which displayed higher endoglucanase activities in the spent hydrolysates than in standard medium with a comparable monosaccharide content (e.g., 2,100 nkat/ml in spent bagasse hydrolysate compared to 480 nkat/ml in standard glucose-based medium). In addition, A. niger D15[egI] was also able to consume or convert other lignocellulose-derived compounds, such as acetic acid, furan aldehydes, and phenolic compounds, which are recognized as inhibitors of yeast during ethanolic fermentation. The results indicate that enzymes can be produced from the stillage stream as a high-value coproduct in secondgeneration bioethanol plants in a way that also facilitates recirculation of process water. Copyright © 2009, American ...

Cellulose degrading enzymes usually have a two-domain structure consisting of a catalytic domain and a non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding module. Although it is well known the importance of those modules in cell wall degrading process, their function is not yet fully understood. Here, we analyze the cellulose-hydrolysis activity enhancement promoted by the cellobiohydrolase I carbohydrate-binding module from Trichoderma harzianum. It was cloned, expressed, purified and used in combination with either a commercial cellulase preparation, T. reesei cellobiohydrolase I or its separate catalytic domain to hydrolyze filter paper. In all cases the amount of glucose released was increased, reaching up to 30% gain when the carbohydrate-binding module was added to the reaction. We also show that this effect seems to be mediated by a decrease in the recalcitrance of the cellulosic substrate. This effect was observed both for crystalline cellulose samples which underwent incubation with the CBM prior to application

The production of cellulolytic enzymes by the rot fungus Stereum sanguinolentum has been studied on different carbon sources. When powdered cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose was used as the carbon source, high yields of extracellular cellulolytic enzymes were obtained, but there was no production of these enzymes with cellobiose as the carbon source. The heterogeneities in the protein structure of the enzymes were studied by the isoelectric focusing method. Also, the separation of two cellulase peaks from culture solutions of the rot fungus Stereum sanguinolentum has been demonstrated on a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column. After dialysis, when the carbohydrate content of both the enzymes decreased to zero, the mixed enzymes gave one homogeneous cellulase peak upon rechromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column as well as on column electrophoresis. The results strongly indicate that S. sanguinolentum only excretes one cellulase enzyme in a culture solution with powdered cellulose as the carbon source.

Rice husk is one of the highly potential lignocellulosic wastes that can be used as substrate for the production of cellulase via solid state fermentation. The present work was aimed to obtain cellulase from locally isolated Aspergillus niger cultured on rice husk via solid substrate fermentation (SSF) and also to determine its optimum conditions. Three parameters were studied which were initial moisture content of rice husk, pH and time of incubation. In this study, the optimum condition for cellulase production of solid substrate fermentation was recorded at 65% (v/w) initial moisture content, pH 4.0 and on the 6th day of incubation. The enzyme was extracted, incubated with FPase and assayed by using DNS method in order to determine the total amount of reducing sugar produced. The results from this work present the promising capability of rice husk as substrate for cellulase production by A. niger.. ...

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Laundry enzymes - full spectrum all in one enzyme product containing proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, pectinases and mannanases answered by Dr Chemical (PhD Analytical Chemistry). Australias cleaning and stain removal expert. Full spectrum all in one enzyme product for laundry containing proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, pectinases and mannanases. Hi Is there a product . Shannon Lush gets it wrong.

A 1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91) was purified from the culture liquid of Trichoderma reesei by using biospecific sorption on amorphous cellulose and immunoaffinity chromatography. A single protein band in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and one arc in immunoelectrophoresis corresponded to the enzyme activity. The Mr was 65 000. The pI was 4.2-3.6. The purified enzyme contained about 10% hexose. The enzyme differs from previously described cellobiohydrolases in being more effective in the hydrolysis of cellulose. ...

Clostridium thermocellum CelJ protein: isolated from Clostridium thermocellum; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank D83704

Abstract This study aimed to conduct the isolation, screening and identification of bacteria with a high level of cellulolytic activity from the muddy sediments of mangrove swamps in Thailand. One hundred and ninety aquatic bacterial isolates were isolated from different muddy sediments and eighty one isolates were determined to be cellulolytic bacteria. The cellulolytic bacterium identified as Bacillus cereus JD0404 showed maximum hydrolysis activity on carboxymethylcellulose agar plates. Its cellulolytic performance for CMCase activity, Avicelase activity and β-glucosidase activity was 1.778±0.003U/mL, 0.079±0.001U/mL and 0.048±0.002U/mL, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were determined to be 50°C and 7.0 respectively. The cellulolytic activity was greatly enhanced by Mn2+ and considerably inhibited by EDTA and toluene. Preliminary bioconversion application showed that the B. cereus JD0404 could be used for the

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Generation of biofuels from sugars in lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative to liquid fossil fuels, but efficient and inexpensive bioprocessing configurations must be developed to make this technology commercially viable. One of the major barriers to commercialization is the recalcitrance of plant cell wall polysaccharides to enzymatic hydrolysis. Biomass pretreatment with ionic liquids (ILs) enables efficient saccharification of biomass, but residual ILs inhibit both saccharification and microbial fuel production, requiring extensive washing after IL pretreatment. Pretreatment itself can also produce biomass-derived inhibitory compounds that reduce microbial fuel production. Therefore, there are multiple points in the process from biomass to biofuel production that must be interrogated and optimized to maximize fuel production. Here, we report the development of an IL-tolerant cellulase cocktail by combining thermophilic bacterial glycoside hydrolases produced by a mixed consortia ...

endo-1,3-β-D-Glucanase (Trichoderma sp.) [ME-LAMSE] - High purity endo-1,3-beta-Glucanase (Trichoderma sp.) for use in research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitrodiagnostic analysis. EC 3.2.1.39 From Trichoderma sp. Highly purified. In 3.2 M ammonium sulphate. Specific Activity: ~ 15 U/mg (40oC, pH 4.5, CM-Curdlan as substrate). Stable at 4oC for | 4 years.

van Eerde, A.; Várnai, A.; Jameson, J.K.; Paruch, L.; Moen, A.; Anonsen, J.H.; Chylenski, P.; Steen, H.S.; Heldal, I.; Bock, R. et al.; Eijsink, V.G.H.; Liu-Clarke, J.: In-depth characterization of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A produced in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals limitations of cellulase production in plants by host-specific post-translational modifications. Plant Biotechnology Journal 18 (3), pp. 631 - 643 (2020 ...

van Eerde, A.; Várnai, A.; Jameson, J.K.; Paruch, L.; Moen, A.; Anonsen, J.H.; Chylenski, P.; Steen, H.S.; Heldal, I.; Bock, R. et al.; Eijsink, V.G.H.; Liu-Clarke, J.: In-depth characterization of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A produced in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals limitations of cellulase production in plants by host-specific post-translational modifications. Plant Biotechnology Journal 18 (3), S. 631 - 643 (2020 ...

Three enzyme preparations based on the cellulase complex of Penicillium verruculosum and three Trichoderma reesei-based enzyme cocktails were used for evaluating the enzymatic convertibility of cellulose contained in glycerol- and sulfuric acid-pretreated bagasse. The hydrolysis was initially monitored with a micro-scale method using 2 mL of reaction mixture containing 50 g/L of pretreated solids, and at an enzyme load of 10 mg proteinig cellulose. The results were further validated at a higher scale in a setup consisting of 20 mL of reaction mixture with a substrate concentration of 100 g/L. For all the cellulase preparations, and regardless of the experiment scale, glycerol-pretreated bagasse displayed better enzymatic convertibility than acid-pretreated bagasse. It was observed that when the enzyme load is increased from 2 to 10 mg/g, the cellulose conversion is improved but the specific hydrolysis rate is only marginally affected. Although the Trichoderma-based commercial cocktail CC-3 led ...

Hydrophobins are small surface active proteins that are produced by filamentous fungi. The surface activity of hydrophobin proteins leads to the formation of a film at the air-water interface and adsorption to surfaces. The formation of these hydrophobin films and coatings is important in many stages of fungal development. Furthermore, these properties make hydrophobins interesting for potential use in technical applications. The surfactant-like properties of hydrophobins from Trichoderma reesei were studied at the air-water interface, at solid surfaces, and in solution. The hydrophobin HFBI was observed to spontaneously form a cohesive film on a water drop. The film was imaged using atomic force microscopy from both sides, revealing a monomolecular film with a defined molecular structure. The use of hydrophobins as surface immobilization carriers for enzymes was studied using fusion proteins of HFBI or HFBII and an enzyme. Furthermore, sitespecifically modified variants of HFBI were shown to ...

A new cellulolytic strain of Chryseobacterium genus was screened from the dung of a cattle fed with cereal straw. A putative cellulase gene (cbGH5) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 46 (GH5_46) was identified and cloned by degenerate PCR plus genome walking. The CbGH5 protein was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, purified and characterized. It is the first bifunctional cellulase-xylanase reported in GH5_46 as well as in Chryseobacterium genus. The enzyme showed an endoglucanase activity on carboxymethylcellulose of 3237 μmol min-1 mg-1 at pH 9, 90 °C and a xylanase activity on birchwood xylan of 1793 μmol min-1 mg-1 at pH 8, 90 °C ...

Carboxymethyl cellulose, also known as cellulose gum, is a derivative of cellulose. Its chain contains a carboxymethyl group. Carboxymethyl cellulose is odorless, chemically stable, tasteless substance, and physiologically inert.

The accessibility and reactivity of cellulose are key parameters on the manufacturing of cellulose derivatives and regenerated cellulose. It is well known that, due to the crystalline structure of cellulose, the accessibility of solvents and reagents is limited. For instance, an inhomogeneous substitution of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose chain might lead to the production of derivatives of low quality. As a consequence, part of this work has focused on improving the accessibility and reactivity on cellulose by studying the effect of different monocomponent endoglucanases. It has been demonstrated that the presence of the cellulose-binding domain plays an important role on the enhancement of cellulose reactivity; however, the structure of the catalytic domain has been showed to have the highest influence on this parameter. Furthermore, the influence of mechanical treatment prior to enzymatic treatment has been examined. The combination of pretreatments showed a positive effect enhancing to ...

Table_6_Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Critical Genes for the Production of Cellulase and Xylanase in Penicillium oxalicum.XLSX

Transcription and expression regulation of some individual cel genes (cel5A, cel5I, cel5D and cel44O) of Clostridium cellulolyticum were investigated. Unlike the cip-cel operon, these genes are transcribed as monocistronic units of transcription, except cel5D. The location of the transcription initiation sites was determined using RT-PCR and the mRNA 5′-end extremities were detected using primer extension experiments. Similarly to the cip-cel operon, cel5A and cel5I expressions are regulated by a carbon catabolite repression mechanism, whereas cel44O and cel5D expressions do not seem to be submitted to this regulation. The role of the putative transcriptional regulator GlyR2 in the regulation of cel5D expression was investigated. The recombinant protein GlyR2 was produced and was shown to bind in vitro to the cel5D and glyR2 promoter regions, suggesting that besides regulating its own expression, GlyR2 may regulate cel5D expression. To test this hypothesis in vivo, an insertional glyR2 mutant ...

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This knowledge article accommodates knowledge associated to the analysis article entitled Copper-mediated on-off management of gene expression in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (Wang et al., 2017) [1]. 4 sorts of copper responsive promoters had been designed. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out to find out relative mRNA ranges of purple fluorescent protein gene (rfp) extracted […]. Continue Reading ...

Enzyme saccharification of pretreated brewers spent grains (BSG) was investigated, aiming at maximising glucose production. Factors investigated were; variation of the solids loadings at different cellulolytic enzyme doses, reaction time, higher energy mixing methods, supplementation of the cellulolytic enzymes with additional enzymes (and cofactors) and use of fed-batch methods. Improved slurry agitation through aerated high-torque mixing offered small but significant enhancements in glucose yields (to 53 ± 2.9 g/L and 45% of theoretical yield) compared to only 41 ± 4.0 g/L and 39% of theoretical yield for standard shaking methods (at 15% w/v solids loading). Supplementation of the cellulolytic enzymes with additional enzymes (acetyl xylan esterases, ferulic acid esterases and α-L- arabinofuranosidases) also boosted achieved glucose yields to 58 - 69 ± 0.8 - 6.2 g/L which equated to 52 - 58% of theoretical yield. Fed-batch methods also enhanced glucose yields (to 58 ± 2.2 g/L and 35% of ...

endoglucanase CMCax: cellulose-hydrolyzing endoglucanase from Acetobacter xylinum; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank M96060

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Hydrolysis is widely acknowledged as the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion of solid cellulose to biogas, and pretreatment is generally considered to facilitate the process. However, few studies have investigated how such pretreatment may affect the rest of this complex process. The present study compared the solubilization rate in anaerobic digestion of cotton linter (high crystalline cellulose), with that of regenerated cellulose (amorphous cellulose), using pretreatment with NMMO. Batch digestions were performed, with the initial cellulose concentrations ranging between 5 and 40 g/l, and during 30 days of incubation, biogas and VFAs production as well as pH and COD changes were measured. The lag time before digestion started was longer for the high crystalline cellulose than for the amorphous one. The maximum solubilization ratesof treated cellulose were 842 and 517 mg sCOD/g cCOD/day at the initial cellulose concentration of 5 and 30 g/l respectively, while the solubilization rate of

1CX1: Structure and binding specificity of the second N-terminal cellulose-binding domain from Cellulomonas fimi endoglucanase C.

Biomolecular engineers at Vanderbilt University have obtained the most detailed measurements ever made of the behavior of an individual cellulase enzyme as it decomposes cellulose, the most plentiful polymer on the planet. Improved understanding of how cellulases work could be the key to producing advanced biofuels that can replace gasoline for powering vehicles.

Mining of soil sample from cold desert of Ladakh by functional metagenomics led to the isolation of cold-adapted endocellulase… Expand ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Novel Method for Polysaccharide Synthesis Using an Enzyme. T2 - The First in Vitro Synthesis of Cellulose via a Nonbiosynthetic Path Utilizing Cellulase as Catalyst. AU - Kobayashi, Shiro. AU - Kashiwa, Keita. AU - Kawasaki, Tatsuya. AU - Shoda, Shin Ichiro. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - The in vitro synthesis of cellulose via a nonbiosynthetic path has been achieved for the first time by condensation of β-D-cellobiosyl fluoride as substrate for cellulase, a hydrolysis enzyme of cellulose, in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile/acetate buffer (pH 5, 5:1). The water-insoluble part of the products is synthetic cellulose, the structure of which was confirmed by comparison with an authentic natural cellulose sample with use of solid C NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as with a hydrolysis experiment. The present synthetic cellulose was converted to the corresponding triacetate whose molecular weight was at least 6.3 × 103 (degree of polymerization (DP) ≥ 22). X-ray as well as ...

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) functions as a thickener, binder, stabilizer, protective colloid, suspending agent, gelling agent, and flow control agent. Our EHEC, MEHEC and CMC cellulose ethers are reliable rheology solutions for industries such as building, construction, paint, food, personal care, mining and oilfield. Nouryon - a global specialty chemicals leader. Your partner in essential solutions for a sustainable future.

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Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market size will reach xx million US$ by 2029, from xx million US$ in 2018, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. In this study, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2018 to 2028 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for. Continue reading ...

Ferulic acid acylation of oligosaccharides catalyzed by feruloyl esterases (FAE) is a promising route to produce feruloylated oligosaccharides. However, modulation of FAE synthetic properties is a key step to improve the acylation. The efficiency of H. insolens FAE to catalyze the feruloylation in six different surfactantless microemulsions reaction systems was evaluated. The highest yield (57%) w ...

Background: Molecular evolution of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) is a new approach for the generation of glycan-specific molecular probes. To date, the possibility of performing affinity maturation on CBM has not been investigated. In this study we show that binding characteristics such as affinity can be improved for CBM generated from the CBM4-2 scaffold by using random mutagenesis in combination with phage display technology. Results: Two modified proteins with greatly improved affinity for xyloglucan, a key polysaccharide abundant in the plant kingdom crucial for providing plant support, were generated. Both improved modules differ from other existing xyloglucan probes by binding to galactose-decorated subunits of xyloglucan. The usefulness of the evolved binders was verified by staining of plant sections, where they performed better than the xyloglucan-binding module from which they had been derived. They discriminated non-fucosylated from fucosylated xyloglucan as shown by their ...

Egi-csirt-dissemination-header}} ,br/> * [[ How to get up-to-date grid security alerts? ]] Some security alerts are issued by EGI-CSIRT through EGI broadcast. You will also find some of them [https://wiki.egi.eu/wiki/How_to_get_up-to-date_grid_security_alerts%3F here]. * [[ What training events are organised ? ]] Here you will find informations about future events. There, you can get archives from pasts events. * [[ What to do if there is a security incident on my grid site ? ]] If you suspect that there is an incident at your site DO NOT ignore it. DO NOT Re-boot or Power off the affected host. YOU SHOULD SIMPLY FOLLOW the EGI security incident response procedure. You will find explanation of this procedure at : https://wiki.egi.eu/wiki/EGI_CSIRT:Incident_reporting. * What pointers for latest technical informations on grid component ? - [https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/EGEE/ServiceReferenceCards Technical advices on Glite middleware] ,br/> - [http://www.eu-emi.eu/training EMI training ...