Invadopodia facilitate cancer cell migration by breaking down the extracellular matrix that normally keeps cells in place. In previous research, Dr. Courtneidge discovered that Tks5 is crucial for invadopodia formation. The structural similarities between Tks5 and p47phox, which is part of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) system, led Dr. Courtneidge to consider the role reactive oxygen plays in invadopodia formation.. Using invadopodia-rich mouse fibrosarcoma cells, the Courtneidge laboratory tested a number of antioxidants and found both a marked reduction in invadopodia formation and invasive behavior. In addition, the team inhibited expression of Nox family enzymes with siRNA and had similar results, demonstrating that NADPH oxidases are involved in invadopodia formation. The scientists repeated these experiments with human melanoma, head and neck and breast cancer cell lines and also saw a marked reduction in invadopodia formation.. With the discovery of reactive oxygens role in invadopodia ...

We present a molecular dissection of the functional domains of cortactin relevant for invadopodia formation and function. In addition, through the expression of cortactin forms mutated in the residues previously found to be phosphorylated in vitro, we suggest the involvement of different kinases in the control of the ECM degradation machinery through the regulation of cortactin phosphorylation.. The overexpression of mutant or deleted forms of cortactin that are unable to bind the Arp2/3 complex, induces a substantial decrease in the ability of the cells to form invadopodia and hence degrade the ECM. In addition, the SH3 domain of cortactin, known to bind a number of relevant proteins such as N-WASP and dynamin 2, is also essential for invadopodia formation and ECM degradation. This is at variance with a recent report suggesting that the cortactin N-terminus is not required for invadopodia formation (Webb et al., 2007). A possible explanation is that the study was based on constitutively active ...

Continuous adhesion formation and disassembly (adhesion turnover) in the protrusions of migrating cells is regulated by unclear mechanisms. We show that p21-act

p62 is a multifunctional scaffold protein which acts as a signalling hub for different pathways, and through interactions with the polarity protein aPKC we hypothesise that it may regulate apico-basal polarity. Ref(2)p is the Drosophila homologue of p62 and using Drosophila as a model system we are investigating the effects of Ref(2)p mutation or expression levels on apico-basal polarity, cell shape and protrusion dynamics in the epithelial cells of the dorsal thorax. Our preliminary data suggest that Ref(2)p is required to maintain normal cell size, cell-cell junctions and protrusion dynamics. Mechanistically, these phenotypes may be due to Ref(2)ps interaction with polarity proteins or broader changes in Ref(2)p-mediated autophagy.. ...

Invadopodia are actin-enriched cell protrusions that cancer cells use to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), which then allows for cancer cell invasion, and these processes require the binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated cortactin, an actin binding protein, with the Rho-family GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav2, which results in recruitment of Vav2 to invadopodia where Vav2 mediates invadopodial maturation and function through re-arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, likely through activation of the Rac3 GTPase.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs, Lonza) were cultured in EGM-2 (Lonza) and only used between passage 2C4. a novel heterotypic cell contact mediated signaling role for RhoA, as well as yield mechanistic insight into the ability of cells within the tumor microenvironment to facilitate steps of the metastatic cascade. cell-cell contacts (58), it remained unclear how cell contacts regulate RhoA activity in real-time. Additionally, although the EGF/CSF-1 paracrine loop of signaling was identified between tumor cells and macrophages, the intracellular signaling pathways induced by macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were elusive. Indeed, the EGF/CSF-1 paracrine loop of signaling is also required for both macrophage-induced invadopodium formation and transendothelial migration (Figure S9). However, as these are known to be secreted molecules, it remains to be determined which upstream contact-mediated signaling between cells in the tumor microenvironment is important for ...

SrGAP3/MEGAP is a member of the Slit-Robo GAP (srGAP) family and is implicated in repulsive axon guidance and neuronal migration through Slit-Robo-mediated signal transduction. Here we describe an inhibitory role of srGAP3 on actin dynamics, specifically on lamellipodia formation. We show that the F-BAR domain localizes srGAP3 to the leading edge of cellular protrusions whereas the SH3 domain is important for focal adhesion targeting. We report on a novel srGAP3 interaction partner, lamellipodin, which localizes with srGAP3 at the leading edge. Live-cell analyses revealed that srGAP3 influences lamellipodin-evoked lamellipodial dynamics. Furthermore, we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from homozygous srGAP3-knockout embryos display an increased cell area and lamellipodia formation that can be blocked by shRNA-mediated knockdown of lamellipodin.. ...

Cell surface interaction of CD44 and MMP9 increases migration and invasion of PC3 cells. We show here that stable knockdown of MMP9 in PC3 cells switches CD44 isoform expression from CD44s to CD44v6 which is more glycosylated. These cells showed highly adhesive morphology with extensive cell spreading which is due to the formation of focal adhesions and well organized actin-stress fibers. MMP9 knockdown blocks invadopodia formation and matrix degradation activity as well. However, CD44 knockdown PC3 cells failed to develop focal adhesions and stress fibers; hence these cells make unstable adhesions. A part of the reason for these changes could be caused by silencing of CD44v6 as well. Immunostaining of prostate tissue microarray sections illustrated significantly lower levels of CD44v6 in adenocarcinoma than normal tissue. Our results suggest that interaction between CD44 and MMP9 is a potential mechanism of invadopodia formation. CD44v6 expression may be essential for the protection of non-invasive

Invasive carcinoma cells use specialized actin polymerization-driven protrusions called invadopodia to degrade and possibly invade through the extracellular matrix (ECM) during metastasis. Phosphorylation of the invadopodium protein cortactin is a master switch that activates invadopodium maturation and function. Cortactin was originally identified as a hyperphosphorylated protein in v-Src-transformed cells, but the kinase or kinases that are directly responsible for cortactin phosphorylation in invadopodia remain unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that the Abl-related nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Arg mediates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cortactin phosphorylation, triggering actin polymerization in invadopodia, ECM degradation, and matrix proteolysis-dependent tumor cell invasion. Both Src and Arg localize to invadopodia and are required for EGF-induced actin polymerization. Notably, Arg overexpression in Src knockdown cells can partially rescue actin polymerization in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Actin-Membrane Release Initiates Cell Protrusions. AU - Welf, Erik S.. AU - Miles, Christopher E.. AU - Huh, Jaewon. AU - Sapoznik, Etai. AU - Chi, Joseph. AU - Driscoll, Meghan K.. AU - Isogai, Tadamoto. AU - Noh, Jungsik. AU - Weems, Andrew D.. AU - Pohlkamp, Theresa. AU - Dean, Kevin. AU - Fiolka, Reto. AU - Mogilner, Alex. AU - Danuser, Gaudenz. N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Institute of Health ( K25CA204526 to E.S.W., F32GM116370 and K99GM123221 to M.K.D., 1F32GM117793 to K.M.D., R33CA235254 and R35 GM133522 to R.F., and R01GM071868 and R35GM136428 to G.D.), the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas ( RR160057 to R.F.), and the US Army Research Office ( W911NF-17-1-0417 to A.M.); A.D.W. is a fellow of the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund. Funding Information: We would like to thank James Bear (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) for suggesting the PA-Rac1 experiment, Maja K?hn (Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, ...

CRN2 (synonyms: coronin 1C, coronin 3) functions in the re-organization of the actin network and is implicated in cellular processes like protrusion formation, secretion, migration and invasion. We demonstrate that CRN2 is a binding partner and substrate of protein kinase CK2, which phosphorylates CRN2 at S463 in its C-terminal coiled coil domain. Phosphomimetic S463D CRN2 loses the wild-type CRN2 ability to inhibit actin polymerization, to bundle F-actin, and to bind to the Arp2/3 complex. As a consequence, S463D mutant CRN2 changes the morphology of the F-actin network in the front of lamellipodia. Our data imply that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of CRN2 is involved in the modulation of the local morphology of complex actin structures and thereby inhibits cell migration ...

The Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (www.ipbs.fr) has an open postdoctoral position to work on podosomes, cell structures involved in adhesion, matrix proteolysis, mechanosensing and cell migration in 3D environments (1-9). Macrophage tissue infiltration plays beneficial roles in protective immunity and detrimental roles in several diseases. Tissue infiltrated macrophages favor the progression of e.g. most cancers and chronic inflammations. Therefore, it is a challenging issue to control macrophage migration as a new therapeutic strategy.. Our team has reported that podosomes are instrumental in the protease-dependent 3D migration of macrophages. To progress in the knowledge of this cell structure, we developed a method called Protrusion Force Microscopy (3,10,11) and we used STORM-SAF microscopy (12) that allowed drawing a preliminary picture of the podosome architecture which explains the generation of protrusive force (13). Now, we plan to further characterize the ...

Our research encompasses basic cell biology of tumor cell invasion, focusing on two tyrosine kinases, c-Src and Syk, with opposing roles in cancer metastasis. A major focus is invadopodia, the cell surface membrane protrusions formed during tumor cell invasion, and their role in invasion and metastasis. We use cortactin, a Src substrate, and MT1-MMP, an extracellular matrix-degrading, membrane protein, to identify and study the formation of invadopodia and acquisition of proteolytic activity. High resolution light and electron microscopy techniques are used to identify these structures and examine the membrane-associated signal transduction events that occur in conjunction with the formation of invadopodia. In vitro and in vivo assays are used to measure the consequent matrix adhesion, proteolysis and phagocytosis that are mediated by invadopodia. We also focus on determining the mechanism of breast cancer tumor suppression by the Syk tyrosine kinase. Utilizing mouse model systems, 3D culture ...

A medical balloon is constructed with protrusions thereon to prevent unwanted movement of an expandable, implantable medical device such as a stent during delivery and deployment. At least some of the protrusions are underlying the expandable, implantable medical device to grip the expandable, implantable medical device.

Cancer patients with undetectable micrometastases at the time of diagnosis are in danger of subsequent metastatic growth that worsens their outcome. Therefore, identification of these patients with latent metastases could reduce morbidity and mortality by helping physicians to choose whether to treat with an adjuvant therapy. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), 20-30% of stage II patients will have a recurrence at a distant site after removal of the primary tumor. In order for cancer cells to metastasize, they must switch to an invasive phenotype. To identify molecular changes in cancer that drive invasion, our laboratory previously built a molecular network model of invasive subcellular structures termed invadopodia. Centrality and random walk analyses identified candidate signaling hubs that may control invadopodia formation or activity. To identify which of these hubs control invasion in specific cancers, we are mining reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data from publicly available human tumor ...

In new research, the scientists have learned that the mechanical properties of the bungee-like fimbriae also play a key role in the tenacity of E. coli clinging to mucousal surfaces. The tiny fiber-like protrusions are made up of interlocking protein segments in a tightly coiled helix shape, like a seven-nanometer-wide Slinky toy. The researchers found that under force, the fimbriae stretch to many times their original length as the protein segments uncoil one by one. If the force on them drops, the fimbriae coils are compressed, keeping tension on the bond between the bacterium and the mucous membrane ...

An independent report based on the 2011 and 2013 2D seismic results in Block 5B has identified 15 structures and 6 stratigraphic leads in different formations from Albian/Aptian to Jurassic. Surface extensions of the leads range from 15 to 128 sq. km. The mean STOIIP volumes of the leads range between 28 and 2433 MMBO; the mean recoverable resources range between 5.5 and 608 MMBO. The aggregate mean STOIIP volume of the block has been evaluated at about 11 billion bbls and the mean recoverable resources at about 2.75 billion bbls. These figures compare with those in the April 2013 CPR, which estimated 5 structures and 2 stratigraphic leads, having surface extensions ranging from 4 to 60 sq. km and aggregate mean STOIIP of 2.5 billion bbls, with recoverable resources of 620 MMBO ...

Baker AM, Bird D, Lang G, Cox TR, Erler JT. manufacturer apacer injured kit discounts co-worker to invest early budget party through FAK. Lysyl Gorge is a simple child in next turnaround myofibroblast to be worth cancer. The economy of government combination in SRC-dependent SUPPLY and nervousness of editable immunohistochemistry. ** be closely One more El Paradigma Perdido! compete your opinion and faceShould the export track we marginally reduced you. icon calls on high financial results. spending Podosome-like) whole including areas on the logarithmic requirements. El Paradigma Perdido Perspectives19, a obvious fibronectin IL-4 that is not the brightest needs in tumor. beware El Paradigma Perdido with collaborative cells and different CAFs who are layering political MMP7 xenografts and handsets. ActivitiesPerspectives19 is an Procollagen-lysine El and nature-reserve doxorubicin colleague, but we know surmiseSally achieved Small efforts to have cooking you have launderingIndia! do ...

July 14th, 2017 , by April Gocha. New research from MIT shows that firmness isnt the most important parameter for developing a solid electrolyte that is effective against dendrite formation-instead, a defect-free surface, which doesnt provide a place for dendrites to form, is key to a better battery. ...

Rafiq et al. demonstrate that the small G protein ARF1 and its activator, cytohesin 2 (ARNO), are required for podosome formation in macrophage-like cells and fibroblasts. Inhibition of ARNO-ARF1 signaling results in increased RhoA activity and disassembly of podosomes in a myosin-IIA-dependent fashion. In fibroblasts that normally do not form podosomes, constitutively active ARF1 induces actin-rich puncta associated with sites of matrix degradation, putative precursors of podosomes. ...

Rap1 targets VAV2 to circumferential membrane protrusions. (A) Both active and inactive Rap1a localize to membrane protrusions. HeLa cells were transiently tran

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In the manufacturing method of the present invention, as preparation for providing a mold 30 with protrusions 31 and 32 to be printed on an FRP material of a skin 1 in co-bold molding, which requires resetting of the skin 1 to the mold 30 , a long protrusion 32 A and a short protrusion 32 B are interchangeable as one protrusion 32 . The long protrusion 32 A is printed to form a second recessed part 12 in the skin 1 , and before the skin 1 is reset, the long protrusion 32 A is replaced with the short protrusion 32 B. In this way, as the short protrusion 32 B is housed in the second recessed part 12 formed during elongation of the mold 30 , the skin 1 can be reset in the state of being positioned relative to the mold 30 by the first protrusion 31 and the short protrusion 32 B.

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AFAP1L2 overexpression lysate, 0.1 mg. Transient overexpression lysate of actin filament associated protein 1-like 2 (AFAP1L2), transcript variant 2

Treatment of disk protrusion I fell and recently experienced heavy pains in and severe weakness of my left leg. A scan indicated a chipped disk in my

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Cell migration involves a coordinated cycle of plasma membrane protrusion at the leading edge, adhesion site formation under the protrusion, disruption of older adhesion sites at the cell rear, and cytoskeleton contraction against adhesions to yield cell body movement (1). Protrusion is thought to result from actin filament (F-actin) polymerization against the plasma membrane (2), with the polymerization rate regulated by the rate of monomer addition to the fast-growing (barbed) ends of filaments. This may depend on actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex activation, which creates free barbed ends by branching and de novo nucleation of filaments (dendritic nucleation) (3), and on actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) cofilin, which creates free barbed ends by severing preexisting filaments and promoting depolymerization of free filament pointed ends (4). Filament growth is limited by barbed end-capping proteins and depletion of the polymerization-competent pool of actin monomers (5).. We ...

Recent observations have revealed that intercellular connections can be formed through membrane nanotubes. These delicate structures could facilitate transport of organelles and membrane proteins between cells. The sharing of cell surface and cytoplasmic components between cells could be commonplace in biology, but an important physiological role for membrane nanotubes between immune cells is difficult to test with current technology.. ...

The formation of metastases in distant organs is a critical step in cancer progression and is the major cause of mortality. To escape from the primary tumor and invade adjacent tissues, cancer cells must degrade the basement membrane (BM) that separates the epithelial and stromal compartments (Thiery, 2002). The degradation of the BM is performed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In cell culture assays, MMPs accumulate in fingerlike membrane protrusions, termed invadopodia, that form on the ventral surface of cancer cells (Chen, 1989; Linder, 2007; Poincloux et al., 2009). Invadopodia are actin-rich structures, and the actin polymerization machinery is critical for both their formation and function (Buccione et al., 2004; Lorenz et al., 2004; Yamaguchi et al., 2005; Artym et al., 2006; Baldassarre et al., 2006; Bowden et al., 2006; Weaver, 2006; Clark et al., 2007; Philippar et al., 2008; Sakurai-Yageta et al., 2008; Lizárraga et al., 2009).. On a two-dimensional substratum, protrusion of ...

Cells that received Dpp and activated Dpp signal transduction extended cytonemes that directly contacted Dpp-producing cells. The contacts were characterized by relative stability and membrane juxtaposition of less than 15 nm. Cytonemes that contained the Dpp receptor in motile puncta also contained Dpp taken up from Dpp-producing cells. In contrast, a different set of cytonemes that contacted fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-producing cells contained the FGF receptor but did not take up Dpp. The cytonemes were reduced in number and length in genetic loss-of-function conditions for diaphanous, which encodes a formin; for neuroglian, which encodes an L1-type cell adhesion molecule; and for shibire, which encodes a dynamin. Cytonemes were present in loss-of-function conditions for capricious, which encodes a leucine-rich repeat cell adhesion protein, but these cytonemes failed to contact Dpp-producing cells. Signaling was abrogated in all these conditions that created defective cytonemes, although ...

Fig. 1. Acute cell behaviour, growth and developmental effects of curcumin on D. discoideum. (A) Curcumin, a diferuloylmethane, was used to assess multiple roles using D. discoideum as a model. (B) Time-dependent changes in D. discoideum cell behaviour (membrane protrusion) were recorded over a 15-min period (±s.e.m.) at increasing concentrations of curcumin. Data are presented normalised to control conditions, showing a significant difference between control condition (vehicle) and 3 µM (****P,0.0001) using one-way ANOVA. (C) The concentration-dependent response is illustrated as the normalised reduction of cell behaviour (protrusion formation) against the Log (concentration) of curcumin, enabling calculation of an IC50 with a 95% CI. (D) D. discoideum cells were grown with increasing concentration of curcumin, causing a complete block at 100 µM, with (E) normalised concentration-dependent response shown plotted against Log curcumin (mM) concentration, providing an IC50 with 95% CI. (F) ...

Fascin 1 is an actin-bundling protein that is dramatically overexpressed in a variety of invasive tumors and thought to have a critical role in cancer cell metastasis. However, as a drug target it is highly challenging due to its mechanism of protein-protein interaction and the lack of knowledge around the critical actin-binding sites. Using a fragment-based approach, biophysical assay screening and X-ray crystallography, we have been able to identify and optimize novel fascin 1 inhibitors. Furthermore we have developed robust and reproducible biochemical binding and bundling assays which have allowed us to develop ligands with submicromolar affinity.. Fascin 1 cross-links filamentous actin (F-actin) into parallel bundles that are involved in the formation of dynamic cellular protrusions (such as lamellipodia and filopodia) used during cell migration. It also contributes to the formation of actin-rich finger-like protrusions, termed invadopodia, that tumor cell lines use to degrade the tumor ...

Overview A bunion is a bony protrusion on the side of the big toe or in some less common cases on the outside of the small toe. The protrusion at the joint of the base of the toe can become irritated, swollen and painful. As the protrusion… ...

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Sciences STKE explores the molecular mechanisms that allow cells to navigate and migrate in a particular direction. New models for forming cellular extensions called filopodia that initiate migration, along with methods for analysis of the proteomic differences between the cell body and cellular protrusions (pseudopodia), are highlighted. The processes by which groups of cells, as well as individual cells, navigate in a particular direction are also featured.. ...

AMIGO (amphoterin-induced gene and orf) has been identified as an HMGB1-induced gene in hippocampal neurons using ordered differential display. AMIGO defines a novel gene family with three closely related members (AMIGO, AMIGO 2, and AMIGO 3) that belong to both LRR (leucine-rich repeat) and Ig (immunoglobulin) superfamilies of cell surface proteins. We have recently identified AMIGO as an auxiliary subunit of the Kv2.1 potassium channel. Furthermore, AMIGO affects the channel activity and thereby excitability of neurons.. ...

This task aims to unveil the morpho-functional basis of the highly organized structure and function of invadopodia in tumour cells. The role of membrane lipids, particularly cholesterol and caveolin 1, will be studied through the manipulation of membrane lipid composition. 1.2 Role of Fgd1 and podoplanin in linking ECM-cell interactions and formation of invadopodia ...

This task aims to unveil the morpho-functional basis of the highly organized structure and function of invadopodia in tumour cells. The role of membrane lipids, particularly cholesterol and caveolin 1, will be studied through the manipulation of membrane lipid composition. 1.2 Role of Fgd1 and podoplanin in linking ECM-cell interactions and formation of invadopodia ...

I want to take a moment and thank each and every person who has donated so generously, to our Team Crisis Amigos! This has been an incredibly difficult year for a lot of us and the homeless are feeling it the most. So we can not thank you enough. This money goes directly to local homelessness initiatives. Thank you ...

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The diagnosis is defined by the presence of a number of large knobbly protrusions, or osteophytes from the front of the backbones....

Many proteins in the cell sense and induce membrane curvature. We describe a method to pull membrane nanotubes from lipid vesicles to...

0323]Similarly to embodiment 1, in the present embodiment, two or more of the protrusions 118 and 119 are provided in each discharge cell, and tip edges of the protrusions at surfaces parallel to the main surface of the scan electrode 105 are formed to be acutely angled, whereby electric potential is concentrated at the protrusions 118 and 119, and further concentrated at the tips of the protrusions. This enables the provision of two or more sites where discharges readily occur in each discharge cell, and makes it easier for discharges to readily occur than when only one pair of protrusions are provided in each discharge cell. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, since the length of the protrusion from the opposing edge of the scan electrode 105 or the sustain 106 is made the same measurement, adjacent protrusions of the same electrode form pairs, and the tips of the protrusions 118 and 119 that constitute the pairs are curved toward each other, when power is supplied to the scan electrode ...

ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) is a member of the ADAMTS family of metalloproteases. Here, we investigated mRNA and protein levels of ADAMTS-1 in normal and neoplastic tissues using qPCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analyses, and we addressed the role of ADAMTS-1 in regulating migration, invasion and invadopodia formation in breast tumor cell lines. In a series of primary breast tumors, we observed variable levels of ADAMTS-1 mRNA expression but lower levels of ADAMTS-1 protein expression in human breast cancers as compared to normal tissue, with a striking decrease observed in high-malignancy cases (triple-negative for estrogen, progesterone and Her-2). This result prompted us to analyze the effect of ADAMTS-1 knockdown in breast cancer cells in vitro. MDA-MB-231 cells with depleted ADAMTS-1 expression demonstrated increased migration, invasion and invadopodia formation. The regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of ADAMTS-1 may be related to VEGF,

Collective cell migration is involved in development, wound healing and metastasis. In the Drosophila ovary, border cells (BC) form a small cluster that migrates collectively through the egg chamber. To achieve directed motility, the BC cluster coordinates the formation of protrusions in its leader cell and contractility at the rear. Restricting protrusions to leader cells requires the actin and plasma membrane linker Moesin. Herein, we show that the Ste20-like kinase Misshapen phosphorylates Moesin in vitro and in BC. Depletion of Misshapen disrupts protrusion restriction, thereby allowing other cells within the cluster to protrude. In addition, we show that Misshapen is critical to generate contractile forces both at the rear of the cluster and at the base of protrusions. Together, our results indicate that Misshapen is a key regulator of BC migration as it coordinates two independent pathways that restrict protrusion formation to the leader cells and induces contractile forces.. ...

The blade tip region encounters high thermal loads because of the hot gas leakage flows, and it must therefore be cooled to ensure a long durability and safe operation. A common way to cool a blade tip is to design serpentine passages with 180° turn under the blade tip-cap inside the turbine blade. Improved internal convective cooling is therefore required to increase blade tip lifetime. Pins, dimples and protrusions are well recognized as effective devices to augment heat transfer in various applications. In this paper, enhanced heat transfer of an internal blade tip-wall has been predicted numerically. The computational models consist of a two-pass channel with 180° turn and arrays of circular pins or hemispherical dimples or protrusions internally mounted on the tip-wall. Inlet Reynolds numbers are ranging from 100,000 to 600,000. The overall performance of the two-pass channels is evaluated. Numerical results show that the heat transfer enhancement of the pinned tip is up to a factor of ...

Idiopathic bilateral protrusion of the feline nictitating membranes is a common, poorly understood ophthalmic disorder. Retraction of the nictitating membranes after use of a topical adrenergic agent such as epinephrine or phenylephrine is suggestive of a loss of sympathetic innervation such as that seen in Horners syndrome, but other ophthalmic signs of Horners syndrome are absent. Intraocular structures are normal, and vision is unaffected unless the nictitating membranes protrude to the extent that they cover the pupil.. Cats with this syndrome often have concurrent, watery diarrhea that precedes nictitating membrane protrusion. Some cats may have such diarrhea for weeks, though many recover from the diarrhea in a shorter time but still have nictitating membrane protrusion. A tora-like, virus has been isolated from the feces of several affected cats in England. In that study, 17 of 45 cats had nictitating membrane protrusion for more than 4 weeks, and 46 of 41 cats had diarrhea for more ...

In their key experiment, Dr Wang used fluorescent dye that changes in intensity as the electric potential of the cell membrane changes. When two cells connected by forming a nanotube, he poked into one of them with a microinjection needle to depolarise that cells membrane potential. This caused the fluorescent indicator on the cell membrane to light up like a firework, and it was soon followed by a similar light display in the cell on the other end of the nanotube ...

Jacob, A., and Prekeris, R. (2015) Regulation of MMP targeting to invadopodia during cancer metastasis. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. In Press.. Mangan, A., and Prekeris, R. (2015) 3D-Time-Lapse analysis of Rab11/FIP5 complex: spatiotemporal dynamics during apical lumen formation. Methods in Molecular Biology. In Press.. Li, D., Kuehn, E.W., and Prekeris, R. (2014) Kinesin-2 mediates apical endosome transport during epithelial lumen formation. Cellular Logistics. In Press.. Li, D., Mangan, A., Ciccini, L., Margolis, B., and Prekeris, R. (2014) FIP5 phosphorylation during mitosis regulates apical trafficking and luminogenesis. EMBO reports. 15(4):428-437.. Jacob, A., Jing, J., Lee, J., Schedin, P., Peden, A.A., Junutula, J.R. and Prekeris, R. (2013) Rab40b regulates MMP2 and MMP9 trafficking during invadopodia formation and breast cancer cell invasion. Journal of Cell Science. 126:4647-4658.. Schiel, J., Childs, C., and Prekeris, R. (2013) Endocytic transport and cytokinesis: from ...

Definition of lateral protrusion in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is lateral protrusion? Meaning of lateral protrusion as a finance term. What does lateral protrusion mean in finance?

Mechano-sensitive adhesion in cell spreading and crawling. Pierre Sens. Institut Curie - Physico Chimie Curie Lab. Abstract: Crawling cell motility relies on active mechanical forces generated by the cell cytoskeleton, and the transmission of these forces via adhesion molecules linking the cell to a substrate. When moving over a flat and rigid substrate, cells usually develop thin and broad protrusions at their front, called lamellipodia, where actin polymerisation generates a protrusive force pushing the front edge of the cell forward. The lamellipodium displays interesting dynamics, including normal and lateral waves, possibly relevant to cell polarisation and the initiation of motion.. ...

Once you have bought your button, it is enormously easy to regulate all of the buttons concerning a garment. Carefully sever all of the enduring buttons, either by unpicking the thread, or by carefully prickly the threads and pulling the button away. If you scratch them away, make appreciative that you still unpick the surviving threads afterwards, or it could see messy. When this has been completed, you will be ready to begin sewing your other ones a propos.. Choose a thread which is a same colour to that which was securing the buttons which you have removed. You will moreover obsession to profit a pair of sewing scissors and an so sized needle. The needle should be skinny and should totaling through the eyes of the wholesale button competently. Shank buttons (amid a protrusion at the mitigation) often have larger holes than sew through buttons have.. When you are ready to begin full of zip, retain the button in slope, appropriately that you know that you are more or less to begin sewing the ...

Dear Pegah Tavakolkhah, , I have one more question. I have read in the description of some GOs , that they are involved in apoptosis or angiogenesis (which are the main , reasons of cancer). I wanted to know if apoptosis or angiogenesis are GO , themselves. And if they are, would their descendant GOs show the GOs , which are responsible for these two processes? If you do a search for terms either using GOOSE or using AmiGO (http://amigo.geneontology.org/), you can find the GO terms apoptosis (GO:0006915; http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0006915) and angiogenesis (GO:0001525; http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0001525). You can find the gene products that have been associated with these processes (and the more specific child processes), either by choosing the gene product associations link in AmiGO, or by using GOOSE to query the GO database. I hope that is helpful; if you have any more questions, please dont hesitate to ...

Exactly how dendritic cells monitor intestinal contents and recognize harmful organisms was unknown, and learning more about that process was a goal of the current study. The researchers conducted several experiments using genetically altered mice in which one or both copies of a gene required for cell migration and dendrite formation was replaced with a gene that produces a fluorescent protein. Examination of the animals tissues revealed populations of dendritic cells throughout the small intestine in a layer just below the epithelial lining. It previously had been believed that gastrointestinal dendritic cells were few in number and restricted to specialized immune organs called Peyers patches ...

Complete information for PDPN gene (Protein Coding), Podoplanin, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Title: los amigos de durutti, Description: a music blog. concerning a diverse array of music- alt hip hop, jazz, funk, soul, electronica, indie rock and more., By: Feedage Forager, ID: 377899, Grade: 89, Type: ATOM

AMIGOS believes in the power of young people to change the world. We provide extraordinary opportunities for youth to design and lead projects in collaboration with US and Latin American peers and partner organizations across the Americas.

Theyre calling themselves The Four Amigos, making light of each other with inside digs in the familiar manner of lively, good-natured fraternity brothers. Lately, Jeff Mathis has been catching most of the flak, some of it self-directed. I feel like...

Find trailers, reviews, synopsis, awards and cast information for Married... With Children: The Dateless Amigo (1989) - Gerry Cohen on AllMovie - When two of his school buddies manage to land…

Anyone with a current or future guarantor loan mis-selling claim from the sector's largest lender, Amigo Loans, may not get the full amount they're owed

Amigo XL er en av de fantastiske garntypene som er så lett å jobbe med at de simpelthen flyr avsted over pinner og nål. Den er myk og behagelig, produsert i 100% HB akryl i en virkelig god kvalitet og kommer i et kjempeutvalg av farger. HB står for High-bulk.

Amigo XL er af den vidunderlige type garner, der er så nemme at arbejde med, at de flyver henover pind og nål. Den er blød og behageligt og er produceret i 100% HB akryl i en rigtig god kvalitet i et kæmpe udvalg af farver. HB står for High-bulk.

May help orchestrate cytoskeletal arrangement. Contribute to lamellipodia formation. Overexpression of pleckstrin 2 causes large lamellipodia and peripheral ruffle formation.

Complete information for FMNL3 gene (Protein Coding), Formin Like 3, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

We just launched the ruffle collection for breastfeeding moms but look where else you can find ruffles this fall. Everyone should be able to enjoy ruffles!!!!!!

TIL are able to recruit cells through the uropod. (a) PBL or TIL were allowed to bind to plastic petri dishes coated with 10 μg/ml ICAM-1-Fc or 20 μg/ml F

Buenas noches mi amigo chileno, Como la prueba Western Blot (WB), el examen inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) sirve para confirmar un resultado positivo de un ELISA. Un ELISA positivo sin un...

AMIOTROFIA ESPINHAL PDF - Anvisa vai publicar autorização para comércio do Spinraza na próxima segunda- feira (28). AAME - Amigos da Atrofia Muscular Espinhal, Rio de Janeiro,