The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments inside the cell that control cell shape and movements. Formins are proteins that play a critical role in organizing the assembly of cytoskeletal filaments. We are learning how formins work using a combination of biochemical studies of pure proteins, microscopic analysis of cytoskeletal organization in cells, and observation of the effects of formin gene mutations on the simple model animal Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans ...

Aliases : Os06g0667200. Description : 27.3.24 RNA.regulation of transcription.MADS box transcription factor family Encodes a MADS box protein. Regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the inner-most cell layer of the seed coat. Also controls cell shape of the inner-most cell layer of the seed coat. Also shown to be necessary for determining the identity of the endothelial layer within the ovule. Paralogous to GOA. TRANSPARENT TESTA16 (TT16). ...

NETMORPH is a simulation tool for building synaptically connected networks with realistic neuron morphologies. Axonal and dendritic morphologies are created by using stochastic rules for the behavior of individual growth cones, the structures at the tip of outgrowing axons and dendrites that mediate elongation and branching. Axons and dendrites are not guided by any extracellular cues. Synapses are formed when crossing axonal and dendritic segments come sufficiently close to each other. See the README in the archive for more information ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of the nuclear membrane, active transport, and cell shape on the Hes1 and p53-Mdm2 pathways. T2 - Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. AU - Sturrock,Marc. AU - Terry,Alan J.. AU - Xirodimas,Dimitris P.. AU - Thompson,Alastair M.. AU - Chaplain,Mark A. J.. PY - 2012/7. Y1 - 2012/7. N2 - There are many intracellular signalling pathways where the spatial distribution of the molecular species cannot be neglected. These pathways often contain negative feedback loops and can exhibit oscillatory dynamics in space and time. Two such pathways are those involving Hes1 and p53-Mdm2, both of which are implicated in cancer.In this paper we further develop the partial differential equation (PDE) models of Sturrock et al. (J. Theor. Biol., 273:15-31, 2011) which were used to study these dynamics. We extend these PDE models by including a nuclear membrane and active transport, assuming that proteins are convected in the cytoplasm towards the nucleus in order to model transport along ...

TY - GEN. T1 - Segmentation, recognition and tracing analysis for high-content cell-cycle screening. AU - Yu, Donggang. AU - Pham, Tuan D.. AU - Zhou, Xiaobo. AU - Wong, Stephen T.. PY - 2007/12/1. Y1 - 2007/12/1. N2 - We present in this paper some new and efficient algorithms for segmentation, recognition and tracing analysis of cell phases for high-content screening. The conceptual frameworks are based on the morphological structures of cells where a series of morphological structural points are established. Furthermore, we address the issue of touching cells and then propose morphological techniques for cell separation, reconstruction and tracing analysis. The new segmentation method can resolve the question of over-segmentation. The tracing analysis of cell phases is based on cell shape, geometrical features and difference information of corresponding neighbor frames. Experiment results test the efficiency of the new method.. AB - We present in this paper some new and efficient algorithms ...

Video created by Peking University for the course Advanced Neurobiology I. Lets learn more about the basic unit of the nervous system: the neuron. 2000+ courses from schools like Stanford and Yale - no application required. Build career skills ...

Video created by Peking University for the course Advanced Neurobiology I. Lets learn more about the basic unit of the nervous system: the neuron.

Cell polarity is defined as asymmetry in cell shape, protein distributions and cell functions. It is characteristic of single-cell organisms, including yeast and bacteria, and cells in tissues of multi-cell organisms such as epithelia in worms, flies and mammals. This diversity raises several questi …

Thought it would be great to create a site for development taking shape on the north side of the Charlotte metro area in Cabarrus and Rowan counties. With Cabarrus posed to hit the quarter of million mark population within ten years and Rowan possibly on the cusp of post I-85 widening growth, I a...

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The Cytoskeleton Collection includes 250 mAbs recognizing the supportive structural filaments and associated proteins that facilitate cell shape and motility

The Cytoskeleton Collection includes 250 mAbs recognizing the supportive structural filaments and associated proteins that facilitate cell shape and motility

Many proteins are the enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as the proteins that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape ...

In Shape the player has to find the right shape from a selection to solve an equation. An equation without numbers? Yes, these puzzles are all about adding and subtracting forms. You need to think quick about what piece would complete the shown shape. And quickly means very quickly. You are low on time and after figuring out the solution you still have to find the missing piece from a selection shown on the bottom of the screen. To set a record in this game you need to be highly intelligent and to show keen perception. Do you have what it takes?Play Shape now for free, the highly addictive gameplay will keep you entertained and engaged for a long time! ...

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Is there any way to keep boobs after breastfeeding in shape? Our article provides top 10 advice on keeping the breast firm after breastfeeding.

Laminin, a component of the embryonic sea urchin basal lamina, is recognized by monoclonal antibody BL1 (Mab BL1). Our results demonstrate that laminin is secreted into the blastcoel at the early blastula stage at a time when the blastomeres undergo a cell shape change and are organized into an epithelium. Laminin is present on the basal surfaces of ectodermal cells and is absent or reduced on migrating primary mesenchyme cells. Microinjection of a monoclonal antibody directed against laminin induces a morphological change in cell shape and a deformation of the embryonic epithelium. Investigation of selected stages of live embryos suggests that the distribution of laminin may be heterogeneous within the basal lamina during early development. The results implicate laminin as a mediator of cell shape change during early morphogenesis.. ...

NETMORPH is a modular simulation tool for building synaptically connected networks with realistic neuron morphologies. Axonal and dendritic morphologies are created by using stochastic rules for the behavior of individual growth cones, the structures at the tip of outgrowing axons and dendrites (collectively called neurites) that mediate neurite elongation and branching. In brief, each growth cone has at each time step a probability to elongate the trailing neurite, to branch and produce two daughter growth cones, and to turn and change the direction of neurite outgrowth. The parameter values of the outgrowth model can be optimized so as to obtain an optimal match with the morphology of specific neuron types. Neurons are positioned in 3D space and grow out independently of each other. Axons and dendrites are not guided by any extracellular cues. Synapses between neurons are formed when crossing axonal and dendritic segments come sufficiently close to each other. NETMORPH is written in C++ and ...

To quantify the effects of decreased cellular Tmod3 levels on cell morphology, the mean cell height and cross-sectional area were measured randomly throughout the sample while viewing only the channel showing F-actin; each measurement was later assigned to `transfected or `untransfected while viewing all channels. Expression of the silencing vector resulted in a highly significant decrease in cell height of approximately 30%, and a highly significant increase in cross-sectional area of approximately 40% (Fig. 2J,K; P,0.005). There was also a significant decrease (∼20%) in total F-actin fluorescence intensity in cells expressing the silencing vector, as determined by comparing the average fluorescence intensity in XY projections of image stacks of GFP-expressing transfected cells with untransfected cells in the same fields of view (Fig. 2L; P,0.05). There was no difference in height, cross-sectional area or total F-actin intensity between the untransfected control cells and cells transfected ...

As histology patterns vary depending on different tissue types, it is typically necessary to adapt and optimize segmentation algorithms to these tissue type-specific applications. Here we present an unsupervised method that utilizes cell shape cues to achieve this task-specific optimization by introducing a shape ranking function. The proposed algorithm is part of our Layers™ toolkit for image and data analysis for multiplexed immunohistopathology images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this type of methodology is proposed for segmentation and ranking in cell tissue samples. Our new cell ranking scheme takes into account both shape and scale information and provides information about the quality of the segmentation. First, we introduce cell-shape descriptor that can effectively discriminate the cell-types morphology. Secondly, we formulate a hierarchical-segmentation as a dynamic optimization problem, where cells are subdivided if they improve a segmentation quality criteria

The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of filaments that pervades the cytoplasm of cells. It acts to regulate cellular shape and internal organisation, while providing the mechanical support that enables cells to divide and move. The researchers have discovered that one component of the cytoskeleton, known as intermediate filaments, has a dramatically altered organisation in skin cells from ARSACS patients. This inturn impacts on the internal organisation of these cells, as well as the machinery they use to deal with damaged and unwanted components. This research increases knowledge of what may go wrong at the cellular level in ARSACS ...

When it comes to Arthrobacter, its a special cellular shape. Depending on what point you stain the bacteria, you can get either rods, or cocci. In the younger phase, when plated on to fresh media, Arthrobacter tends to be a rod shaped and upon aging tends to morph into its cocci stage, in which was the stage we were able to observe it under a microscope. It was also gram-positive (but can appear gram-negative in younger stages) and our endospore stain showed that it was a non spore producing bacterium without a capsule ...

Mammals contain two class IX myosins, Myo9a and Myo9b. They are actin-based motorized signalling molecules that negatively regulate RhoA signalling. Myo9a has been implicated in the regulation of epithelial cell morphology and differentiation, whereas Myo9b has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of macrophage shape and motility. ...

Shroom is a recently-described regulator of cell shape changes in the developing nervous system. This protein is a member of a small family of related proteins that are defined by sequence similarity and in most cases by some link to the actin cytoskeleton. At present these proteins are named Shroom, APX, APXL, and KIAA1202. In light of the growing interest in this family of proteins, we propose here a new standard nomenclature. ...

New Delhi, Jan 2 (PTI) Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru are working on a novel method to diagnose a broad range of diseases, which uses the mechanical properties of cells as compared to commonly used chemical-based lab tests.

This study investigated the effect of glass shape on the pouring accuracy of liquid volume. Participants (n = 96) were asked to pour water up to the midpoint of four pint ...

Ryszard Konopiński is the author of this article in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: Quantification of Cell-Substrate Adhesion Area and Cell Shape Distributions in MCF7 Cell Monolayers

Flow Cytometry is the quantitative analysis of cells and cell systems - measuring things like cell size, number of cells, cell shape and structure, types of proteins etc. | Laserglow

How to Keep Your Dog in Shape. Is the family pet looking a little tubby? If you want to make sure your dog gets in shape and stays in shape, you can learn how to properly exercise and feed your dog. Make sure your pet stays healthy. Pick a...

Gabi Nindle Waite; Lee R Waite: Applied Cell and Molecular Biology for Engineers. Cell Morphology, Chapter (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007), AccessEngineering Export ...

It is true that not everything is training. How many of my training partners are more or less in shape For this, we give you 10 techniques to stay in shape and bloomy.

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By activating Rho family GTPases in response to regulatory signals, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) often link extracellular signals to intracellular responses. They are, therefore, likely to be important during development. Panizzi and colleagues provide an example of this on p. 921 by revealing essential functions for one vertebrate RhoGEF in ciliated epithelia during development. Human ARHGEF11 activates Rho and promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in cultured cells; its Drosophila homologue controls cell shape changes during gastrulation. To study its role in vertebrate development, the researchers used chromosomal deletion and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides to produce zebrafish embryos that lacked functional Arhgef11 (the zebrafish homolog of ARHGEF11). These embryos showed phenotypes often associated with defective ciliated epithelia, including ventrally curved axes, altered left-right patterning, abnormal kidney development and disrupted ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - ADP ribosylation factor 6 regulates neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex through FIP3/arfophilin-1-dependent endosomal trafficking of N-cadherin. AU - Hara, Yoshinobu. AU - Fukaya, Masahiro. AU - Hayashi, Kanehiro. AU - Kawauchi, Takeshi. AU - Nakajima, Kazunori. AU - Sakagami, Hiroyuki. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - During neural development, endosomal trafficking controls cell shape and motility through the polarized transport of membrane proteins related to cellcell and cellextracellular matrix interactions. ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a critical small GTPase that regulates membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes. We herein demonstrated that the knockdown of endogenous Arf6 in mouse cerebral cortices led to impaired neuronal migration in the intermediate zone and cytoplasmic retention of N-cadherin and syntaxin12 in migrating neurons. Rescue experiments with separation-of-function Arf6 mutants identified Rab11 familyinteracting ...

Image analysis was performed in MATLAB. To quantify actin structure, we defined the actin distribution parameter (ADP) as the standard deviation of pixel intensity within a region of interest (ROI). A higher ADP indicates the presence of high contrast features including stress fibers. The ROI was defined as the inner 50% of the cellular area. Cell area was calculated based on cell shape, determined by a manual trace of the cortical actin band in the apical region. Quantification was performed on all cells in all 5 locations averaged per specimen (avg N = 193 cells/specimen). One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.. Results : At 0 , t , 12 hrs, ECs exhibited a cortical double-banded actin structure as well as stress fibers spanning the entire cell (Fig. 1, Fig. 2A). At increasing DPT, the double band disappeared and actin distribution became increasingly homogeneous and diffuse throughout the cytoplasm. As a result, ADP significantly decreased (p=0.007 for 0 , t , 12 hrs vs. 24 , t , 48 ...

GTPases of the Rho family regulate actinomyosin-based contraction in non-muscle cells. Activation of Rho increases contractility, leading to cell rounding and neurite retraction in neuronal cell lines. Activation of Rac promotes cell spreading and interferes with Rho-mediated cell rounding. Activation of Rac may antagonize Rho by regulating phosphorylation of the myosin-II heavy chain. Stimulation of PC12 cells or N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells with bradykinin induces phosphorylation of threonine residues in the myosin-II heavy chain; this phosphorylation is Ca2+ dependent and regulated by Rac. Both bradykinin-mediated and constitutive activation of Rac promote cell spreading, accompanied by a loss of cortical myosin II. These results identify the myosin-II heavy chain as a new target of Rac-regulated kinase pathways, and implicate Rac as a Rho antagonist during myosin-II-dependent cell-shape changes (van Leeuwen, 1999). The molecular events responsible for Rac-mediated cytoskeletal changes are not ...

MBF Bioscience develops software and microscope systems that help neuroscientists discover new information about the brain and the diseases that affect it.

MBF Bioscience develops software and microscope systems that help neuroscientists discover new information about the brain and the diseases that affect it.

AFC Hanamai Porcine Collagen helps to restore oil production balance, hydrates skin intensely, support skin healing, plumps up skin and body cells, provides structural support to skin and body cells, maintains cell integrity by supporting cellular shape.

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Classical finite volume schemes for the Euler system are not accurate at low Mach number and some fixes have to be used and were developed in a vast literature over the last two decades. The question we are interested in in this article is: What about if the porosity is no longer uniform? We first show that this problem may be understood on the linear wave equation taking into account porosity. We explain the influence of the cell geometry on the accuracy property at low Mach number. In the triangular case, the stationary space of the Godunov scheme approaches well enough the continuous space of constant pressure and divergence-free velocity, while this is not the case in the Cartesian case. On Cartesian meshes, a fix is proposed and accuracy at low Mach number is proved to be recovered. Based on the linear study, a numerical scheme and a low Mach fix for the non-linear system, with a non-conservative source term due to the porosity variations, is proposed and tested.

Have you noticed the white, half moon shape at the base of your fingernails? This is called the lunula, which means small moon, and its very important to

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Structure of cells and organelles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, function of cellular components, cell shape and movement, and differentiation and development in cell systems.

Peptidoglycan is the major structural constituent of the bacterial cell wall, forming a meshwork outside the cytoplasmic membrane that maintains cell shape and ...

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a PDZ-domain-containing protein that belongs to a family of Shroom-related proteins. This protein may be involved in regulating cell shape in certain tissues. A similar protein in mice is required for proper neurulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011 ...

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a PDZ-domain-containing protein that belongs to a family of Shroom-related proteins. This protein may be involved in regulating cell shape in certain tissues. A similar protein in mice is required for proper neurulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011 ...

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A parade of shapes introduces the properties of 2D four sided and three sided shapes. Children are encouraged to identify these in the environment around them. The programme is split into three sections.. First, there is the case of the disappearing shapes. This animated sequence takes a fun look at how the world would be without four sided shapes.. The next section is called Getting into Shape. Implicit shapes can be abstracted from everyday shapes around us. A fun sequence at the shape gym explores the properties of triangles and how some of them fit easily within quadrilaterals.. And finally, there is Shapes within Shapes. After the disappearance of the four sided shapes, triangles are filling the gaps that have been left. We expand on the properties of shapes.. Part of the series: Vocational GCSEs. ...

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