In severe appendicitis, the effect of a single intravenous dose of metronidazole (500 mg) was compared with cefoxitin (1 g). The antibiotics were given by random allocation once the diagnosis had been established at operation. In the metronidazole group, 5 out of 48 patients developed a wound infection whilst in hospital compared with 13 out of 48 in the cefoxitin group (P = 0.036). However, 57% of wound infections became apparent after the patient went home and the overall infection rates were similar. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 5.0 days in the metronidazole group and 6.8 days in the cefoxitin group (P = 0.052), but of those who did develop a wound infection, the length of stay was almost double in the cefoxitin group. Anaerobic organisms were cultured from the wound in 7 out of 15 patients who received cefoxitin but in none of 5 patients in the metronidazole group. Whilst metronidazole only delayed the discharge of pus from the wound, it did seem to reduce the severity ...

Discussion. Oxacillin resistance represents a major problem in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, especially because of the heterogenous expression of this resistance (Tveten et al., 2004). In the present study, oxacillin resistance was detected by PCR in 85 (82.5%) of the CoNS isolates studied. Similar results have been reported by Perez and dAzevedo (2008), who reported a rate of 78.4% of oxacillin-resistant CoNS strains using amplification of the mecA gene as the gold standard.. In addition to detection of the mecA gene, the reference methods recommended by the CLSI for the detection of oxacillin resistance in CoNS include the determination of MICs by agar and broth dilution methods, disk diffusion method, screening on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 4 µg/ml oxacillin and 4% NaCl and, more recently, the cefoxitin disk diffusion test (NCCLS 1999, CLSI 2009). The present results show a sensitivity of 95.3% of the oxacillin disk diffusion method for the detection of MRCoNS. A ...

Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria to Cefoxitin and Related Compounds: Cephalothin, cefazolin, cephradine, and cefoxitin inhibited more than 75% of 326 anaero

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Due to the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, anyone reporting an Adverse Event and/or a Product Complaint via phone, should you receive a network busy signal (ie: if all lines busy/engaged) please continue to try your call throughout the day. Alternatively, you may email your Adverse Event to [email protected] OR Product Complaint to [email protected], OR medical information request to [email protected] ...

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 11 patients at the Miriam Hospital were identified as resistant to cefoxitin and ceftibuten as well as to aztreonam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation with plasmid DNA into Escherichia coli and was due to the production of a beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 8.4 named MIR-1. In E. coli, MIR-1 conferred resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone, and such alpha-methoxy beta-lactams as cefmetazole, cefotetan, cefoxitin, and moxalactam. In vitro, MIR-1 hydrolyzed cephalothin and cephaloridine much more rapidly than it did penicillin G, ampicillin, or carbenicillin. Cefotaxime was hydrolyzed at 10% the rate of cephaloridine. Cefoxitin inactivation could only be detected by a microbiological test. The inhibition profile of MIR-1 was similar to that of chromosomally mediated class I beta-lactamases. Potassium clavulanate had little effect on cefoxitin or cefibuten ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Evidence for the evolutionary steps leading to mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance in staphylococci. AU - Araujo Rolo Mateus, Joana Rita Gonçalves. AU - Worning, Peder. AU - Boye Nielsen, Jesper. AU - Sobral, Rita. AU - Bowden, Rory. AU - Bouchami, Ons. AU - Damborg, Peter. AU - Guardabassi, Luca. AU - Perreten, Vincent. AU - Westh, Henrik. AU - Tomasz, Alexander. AU - de Lencastre, Hermínia. AU - Miragaia, Maria. N1 - This work was financially supported by: Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 (Microbiologia Molecular, Estrutural e Celular) funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza??o and by national funds through Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia; Project UID/Multi/04378/2013 (Unidade de Ci?ncias Biomoleculares Aplicadas-UCIBIO), funded by national funds from Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the PT2020 Partnership ...

Drugs with less than 10 isolates are removed from the chart and from the graph. The following drugs had some data removed: gatifloxacin, penicillin, piperacillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin. ...

A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms ...

Background: HIVinfected patients are at high risk of colonization and infection with methicillin resistant Staphylococci over the past decade. Increasing non-β-lactam antimicrobial resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcal clones, particularly to clindamycin, may complicate the efforts to manage infections in the community. Methodology: Nasal swabs from 200 HIV patients were cultured. Staphylococcal isolates were tested for methicillin resistance by Cefoxitin disk diffusion test & inducible clindamycin resistance by D test as per CLSI guidelines. CD4 counts of the patients were determined and analyzed. Results: Among the screened HIV patients prevalence rate of S. aureus was 45.5% (91/200) out of which 27% (54/200) was MRSA, CoNS was 25.5% (51/200) with 13% (26/200) being MRCoNS. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected in 16.66% MRSA, 18.91% MSSA, 19.23% MRCoNS and 16% MSCoNS. The CD4 counts ranged from 22 to 1235 cells/mm3. Statistical significance was not observed between CD4

This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Second Generation Anti-anaerobe Cephalosporins, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, Cefamandole.

If test for chlamydia is positive add azithromycin or doxycycline. Continue antibiotics until afebrile for 24-48 hours.. If still febrile , 48 hours and on cefoxitin or clindamycin/gentamicin postpartum, switch to ertapenem. Wait 48 hours on an antibiotic regimen before considering regimen failed.. ...

We screened thousands of compounds and identified several drugs with improved anti-MRSA activities after they undergo human liver microsomal metabolism or in presence of Cefoxitin, a known antibacterial agents which has a high MIC against MRSA F-182. We used liquid handling workstations and LC-MS based analysis to screen and characterize active agents. We further extended screening some of the hits from the screening against additional MRSA strain, one VRE and one E. coli strain for spectrum of activity and frequency of resistance. This approach can be adopted for exploring other biological activities of these library of compounds with modifications. We are in the process of exploring the mechanism of action of these interesting agents using multi-omics study consisting of metabolomics, proteomics and genomics ...

Cefotetan is a type of injection given to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections. This page from the eMedTV site takes a look at a number of topics related to this prescription antibiotic, including how it works, how it is given, and side effects.

The critical speed of the mill amp c is defined as the speed at which a single ball will just remain against the wall for a full cycle at the top of the cycle 0 and fc fg 85 mp amp 2 cdm 2 mpg 86 amp c 2g dm 12 87 the critical speed is usually expressed in terms of the number of revolutions per second nc amp c 2 1 2 2g dm 12 2 98112 2 d12 m 0705 d12 m. ...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen associated with serious community and hospital-acquired infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is now endemic in India. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has recently emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen worldwide with a significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection of emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance may facilitate implementation of effective control measures. The present study thus attempts to characterize the MRSA isolates and explore the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolated from wound samples at a tertiary care hospital, Central India. The present study was conducted to characterize 120 MRSA isolates, isolated from wound samples and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. MRSA was identified by oxacillin disc diffusion test, cefoxitin disc diffusion test and resistance to oxacillin by the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Study also detected inducible clindamycin

A high dose and continuous infusion of cefoxitin has been associated with clinical success in treating febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men...

3. Antibiotics That Act on Cell Wall Biosynthesis B 43 O R1 S N H O N R2 COO- Category 1. First Generation R1 Cephalothin O S Cephazolin R2 O N N N N N N S S 2. Second Generation Cefamandole N N N N S OH Cefuroxime O O N O O Cefoxitin O S NH2 O 3. Third Generation N Cefotaxime H2N O S N N Ceftriaxone H2N S S N N O N O N OH N Ceftazidime H2N +N S N 4. 18 Continued. This has led to multiple waves of semisynthetic ␤-lactams over the 50 years of their clinical use. Scholar and Pratt (2000) note five categories of penicillins (Fig. Second Generation Cefamandole N N N N S OH Cefuroxime O O N O O Cefoxitin O S NH2 O 3. Third Generation N Cefotaxime H2N O S N N Ceftriaxone H2N S S N N O N O N OH N Ceftazidime H2N +N S N 4. 18 Continued. This has led to multiple waves of semisynthetic ␤-lactams over the 50 years of their clinical use. Scholar and Pratt (2000) note five categories of penicillins (Fig. 18A) based on narrow- versus broad-spectrum activities and whether there is antipseudomonal activity. ...

Escherichia coli is the primary cause of urinary tract infections and Gram-negative bacteremia worldwide. Since the early years of the 21st century, E.coli has acquired a new mechanism of resistance to antibiotics: extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), type CTX-M. These ESBL inactivate most β-lactams, the preferred class of antibiotics for the treatment of severe E.coli infections. Moreover, the strains that produce these ESBL are often resistant to other classes of antibiotics. Their rapid spread constitutes a major public health concern because of a serious risk of therapeutic impasse. Treatment options in cases of infection with ESBL-producing E.coli are often limited to carbapenems, a class of more recently developed β-lactams. Carbapenems have a very wide spectrum of activity but their effectiveness is threatened by the emergence of strains producing carbapenemases. The development of therapeutic alternatives to treat ESBL-producing E.coli infections is therefore essential. Cephamycins, ...

Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. This is done by administering the drug at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day and night. Continue to use this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow resulting in a relapse of the infection. Thaw the frozen container at room temperature or in the refrigerator. Do not thaw by putting in a water bath or by microwaving it. After thawing, squeeze the container to check for leaks. Discard solution if the container leaks. Let a refrigerated bag sit at room temperature at least one hour before using. Shake the container before using. Discard if the solution is cloudy or has particles. ...

Results: The results showed 91 isolates (56.88%) were coagulase-positive, and 69 isolates (43.12%) were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CNSA). Out of 91 (56.88%) coagulase-positive staphylococci, 32 isolates (35.16%) were resistant to cefoxitin, and 30 isolates (32.96%) were resistant to oxacillin, using disc diffusion method. PCR revealed the presence of the femA gene (510 bp band) in all coagulase-positive isolates (100%), and the mecA gene (513 bp band) was detected in 32 isolates (35.16%); out of 32 MRSA isolates, 13 isolates (40.62%) were positive for presence of the luk-pv gene (433 bp band). ...

In recent years, bacterial drug resistance increased gravity with applied of P-lactam antibiotics widely. Extended Spectrum P-Lactamase (ESBLs) and Amp Cephalosporinase (AmpC enzyme) were the major

Find information on Ceftizoxime (Cefizox) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more. Davis Drug Guide PDF.

In this study of the diversity of AmpC beta-lactamase in clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp., a strain was found carrying the plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase ACT-1 gene on its chromosome. The strain was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and hsp60 genes. In addition, the species was confirmed by DNA DNA hybridization. The genetic environment of the bla(ACT-1) gene was characterized, including the ampR and ampG genes, using a two-step PCR. The amino acid sequences of AmpR at serine 35, arginine 86, glycine 102, aspartic acid 135 and tyrosine 264 were conserved. Measurement of the transcription level of the bla(ACT-1), gene using real-time quantitative PCR showed that it increased 1.98-fold following cefoxitin induction. These results suggest that the plasmid-mediated bla(ACT-1) gene originated from the chromosome of E. hormaechei ...

The results of the study demonstrated a decrease in the sensitivity of bacteria in the B.fragilis group to modern anti-anaerobic drugs: cefoxitin, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin / tazobactam and metronidazole.

Looking for online definition of cefotetan in the Medical Dictionary? cefotetan explanation free. What is cefotetan? Meaning of cefotetan medical term. What does cefotetan mean?

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.

This study aimed to investigated the prevalence and resistance pattern of different Citrobacter species phenotypically and genotypically to β-lactam and some most common antibiotics then evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. 19 Citrobacter isolates were isolated from100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during June-December 2016. Clinical samples were cultured on specific media, thereafter isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the Citrobacter comprise 24% of isolated bacteria which divided into 11 (14.1%) were C. freundii, 5 (6.41%) C. kosaeri and C. farmeri were 3 (3.8%). The antagonistic activity was evaluated by observing a clear zone of inhibition growth, the results showed that all Citrobacter (100%) isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, cefoxitin and sensitive to Imipinim, also the ...

Special Instructions:Abnormal kidney function or use of diuretics may influence test results. This test should not be performed on individuals with kidney disorders. In addition, certain medicines may impact test results [e.g. cephalosporins (e.g. Cefoxitin), cimetidine (Tagamet), fibrates (e.g. Ciprofibrate) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)]. Let your physician know about your use of these medications. Do not change use of medications unless instructed to do so by your healthcare provider. Avoid eating (whole and ground) flax seeds and sesame seeds for at least 48 hours before beginning urine collection. If you are experiencing a urinary tract infection, delay collection of specimen until after completing treatment ...

Special Instructions:Abnormal kidney function or use of diuretics may influence test results. This test should not be performed on individuals with kidney disorders. In addition, certain medicines may impact test results [e.g. cephalosporins (e.g. Cefoxitin), cimetidine (Tagamet), fibrates (e.g. Ciprofibrate) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)]. Let your physician know about your use of these medications. Do not change use of medications unless instructed to do so by your healthcare provider. Avoid eating (whole and ground) flax seeds and sesame seeds for at least 48 hours before beginning urine collection. If you are experiencing a urinary tract infection, delay collection of specimen until after completing treatment ...

Thrombocytopenia, often marked platelets aus bug i can where viagra < , fibrinogen < mg/dl. Cur opin hematol. Cn v facial sensation upper, middle, lower v, v, v motormove jaw laterally, open, close against resistance. I. What type of inflammatory mediators. Indications for use within weeks to months. Child acts or looks very sick. Other types of shock. Associated with other injuries are the recommended age should be evaluated in preclinical studies, making the required dose of mg orally daily for d. Cefoxitin, g i.V. Mg/d ie, half of patients with sepsis or ischemia, whereas hypoxia may continue to question the role of anti-seizure prophylaxis following severe ingestions. The leukocyte esterase test and degradation products and for of all of which are influenced by the nonspecific inflammatory response. The effect of paromomycin may make the diagnosis and management regular review and update. Any history of self-reported or physician-diagnosed sinus headache. Heat stroke represents a spitz ...

Cefamandole information about active ingredients, pharmaceutical forms and doses by Panpharma, Cefamandole indications, usages and related health products lists

Tell your doctor of all prescription and nonprescription medications you may use, especially of: blood thinners (e.g., warfarin), live vaccines. Certain cephalosporins (your medication belongs to this class of drugs) can interact strongly with alcohol. Do not drink alcohol while using this medication and for 72 hours after the last dose has been injected. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about the medication prescribed for you and the use of alcohol. This drug may interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. Discuss using other methods of birth control with your doctor. If you are a diabetic, use Clinistix or TesTape to test for sugar in your urine. Do not use Clinitest tablets because this drug may cause false positive results. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval. ...

VAN HOOGDALEM, E.J., HEIJLIGERS-FEIJEN, C.D., MATHOT, R.A.A., WACKWITZ, A.T.E., VAN BREE, J.B.M.M., VERHOEF, J.C., DE BOER, A.G. & BREIMER, D.D. (1989). Rectal absorption enhancement of cefoxitin and desglycinamide arginine vasopressin by sodium tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate in conscious rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 251, 741-744 ...

The model itself though, was less to my linking. It goes way too low at the later times. Upon consideration, since the model assumes homoscedastic error it does not matter to the likelihoood if the fit at the lower end is not so good. After all, an error of 1 is nothing compared to errors of 10 or 20 at the upper end of the scale. In addition it can be argued that the error is not homoscedastic. If it were homoscedastic, the underlying data would show way more variation at the lower end of the scale. It would need confirmation from the measuring team, but for now I will assume proportional error ...

购买Fragilis兔多克隆抗体(ab15592)，Fragilis抗体经WB,IP验证，可与小鼠,大鼠样本反应。17篇文献引用，2个独立用户反馈。中国现货速达。

The β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam (NXL104) does not induce ampC β -lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae Christine Miossec, Monique Claudon, Premavathy Levasseur, Michael T Black Novexel, Romainville, France Abstract: Induction of ampC β-lactamase expression can often compromise antibiotic treatment and is triggered by several β-lactams (such as cefoxitin and imipenem) and by the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. The novel β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam (NXL104) is a potent inhibitor of both class A and class C enzymes. The potential of avibactam for induction of ampC expression in Enterobacter cloacae was investigated by ampC messenger ribonucleic acid quantitation. Cefoxitin and clavulanic acid were confirmed as ampC inducers, whereas avibactam was found to exert no effect on ampC expression. Thus, avibactam is unlikely to diminish the activity of any partner β-lactam antibiotic against AmpC-producing organisms. Keywords: β-lactamase, ampC, induction, NXL104, avibactam

Bacteroides species, saccharolytic Gram-negative obligate anaerobes, are frequently isolated from human infections such as peritonitis, abscesses and bacteremia. Among the species in the genus Bacteroides, thespecies called B. fragilis group areparticularly involved inhuman infections andaremedically important because they account for a major part of anaerobic isolates from clinical specimens. The purpose of this study was to develop PCR primers that specifically and simultaneously amplify theβ-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene leuB in B. fragilis group species. We determined partial nucleotide sequences of leuB genes and compared them in seventeen strains of nine B. fragilis group species, and the regions that are conserved among Bacteroides strains but different from other species were used as a B. fragilis group-specific PCR primer set, BacLBF-BacLBR. Specificity tests of the primer set using 52 phenotypically characterized strains and 75 isolates from rat feces showed only one case each ...

casSAR Dugability of O69395 | bla | Beta-lactamase Toho-2 - Also known as BLT2_ECOLX, bla. Hydrolyzes beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin G, carbenicillin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. Has especially increased relative hydrolysis rates for cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefotaxime and ceftizoxime.

Looking for online definition of ceftizoxime sodium in the Medical Dictionary? ceftizoxime sodium explanation free. What is ceftizoxime sodium? Meaning of ceftizoxime sodium medical term. What does ceftizoxime sodium mean?

Synonyms for cephalothin in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for cephalothin. 2 words related to cephalothin: cephalosporin, Mefoxin. What are synonyms for cephalothin?

Avila-Campos, Mario Julio et al. Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid detection in strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, Feb 1993, vol.35, no.1, p.107-110. ISSN 0036- ...

[Biological activity of Bacteroides fragilis].: The investigation was performed with 9 strains of B. fragilis isolated from pregnant women in their 38th week of

Davidian and Giltinan (1995, 1.1, p. 2) describe data obtained during a pilot study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the drug cefamandole. Plasma concentrations of the drug were measured on six healthy volunteers at 14 time points following an intraveneous dose of 15 mg/kg body weight of cefamandole. ...

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

As detailed in this selection from the eMedTV Web library, cefotetan can interact with warfarin, probenecid, and other drugs. This article explains how you can reduce your risk of interactions and lists other products that can cause problems.

Find information on Cefamandole (Mandol) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more. Davis Drug Guide PDF.

Find information on Cefamandole (Mandol) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more. Davis Drug Guide PDF.

免疫過敏：無菌老鼠一出生就被放入無菌箱中，腸道中沒有半隻腸道菌，這種無菌鼠生活在無菌箱中確實愉快，吃得比一般有菌鼠多，體脂肪反而低，活得又比有菌鼠久，可惜免疫系統不健全，出了無菌箱便無法生存。許多研究都顯示無菌鼠，或以抗生素打亂腸道菌的老鼠，血清中免疫球蛋白IgE濃度顯著高於正常鼠，全身呈現發炎過敏現象；如果給無菌鼠餵食特定的腸道菌，例如脆弱擬桿菌（Bacteroides fragilis），則有助於減輕發炎與過敏現象。許多科學家懷疑，近年來自體免疫疾病發生率快速上升，與抗生素濫用而導致許多人腸道菌嚴重失衡有關 ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes a wide variety of community- and health care-associated infections (1). This pathogen has a proven ability to adapt to the selective pressure of antibiotics. S. aureus was initially methicillin-susceptible, but isolates resistant to this antibiotic were identified soon after its introduction (2), first in hospital settings and currently in the community and in livestock (3, 4). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is currently a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (5).. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been increasingly recognized to cause clinically significant infections, and CoNS were reported to be one of the most common pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections (6). As observed with S. aureus, CoNS were initially susceptible to methicillin, but the emergence of methicillin-resistant CoNS rapidly followed that of MRSA (7), and CoNS eventually became predominant in hospital settings.. The main ...

Twenty-one amino acid sequences, OKP-A-1 to OKP-A-10 and OKP-B-1 to OKP-B-11, were found (Table 1). The proposed nomenclature of OKP enzyme variants is available at http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/genopole/PF8/betalact_en.html . The mean amino acid sequence divergence within OKP-A and OKP-B was 2.21% and 1.15%, respectively, but it was 5.45% between them.. Isoelectrofocusing of the beta-lactamases revealed only one band per isolate (Table 1). All isolates presented similar MICs. The 24 isolates showed resistance against amoxicillin (range of MICs, 128 to 256 μg/ml) and ticarcillin (64 to 128 μg/ml). Resistance to these two drugs fell in the presence of clavulanic acid (4 to 8 μg/ml and 1 to 8 μg/ml, respectively). Resistance to piperacillin (4 to 16 μg/ml) was intermediate and fell in the presence of tazobactam (1 to 8 μg/ml). All isolates were susceptible to cephalothin (1 to 8 μg/ml), cefoxitin (2 to 8 μg/ml), cefotaxime (,0.06 to 0.125 μg/ml), ceftazidime (,0.06 to 0.25 μg/ml), ...

en] Metallo-beta-lactamases are native zinc enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics, but are also able to function with cobalt(II) and require one or two nnetal-ions for catalytic activity. The hydrolysis of cefoxitin, cephaloridine and benzylpenicillin catalysed by CoBcII (cobalt-substituted beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus) has been studied at different pHs and metal-ion concentrations. An enzyme group of pK(a) 6.52 +/- 0.1 is found to be required in its deprotionated form for metal-ion binding and catalysis. The species that results from the loss of one cobalt ion from the enzyme has no significant catalytic activity and is thought to be the mononuclear CoBcII. It appears that dinuclear CoBcII is the active form of the enzyme necessary for turnover, while the mononuclear CoBcII is only involved in substrate binding. The cobalt-substituted enzyme is a more efficient catalyst than the native enzyme for the hydrolysis of some beta-lactam antibiotics suggesting that the ...

Antibiotics can interact directly with the immune system. This is a review of the immunomodulating effects of antibiotics. The Medline database on CD-ROM was searched for the years 1987 to 1994 using the following search string: thesaurus explode antibiotics/all AND (thesaurus explode immune-system/drug effects OR thesaurus immune-tolerance/drug effects). Aspects of the immune system studied were aspects of phagocyte functions: phagocytosis and killing, and chemotaxis and aspects of lymphocyte functions: lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, antibody production, delayed hypersensitivity and natural killer-cell activity. In order to quantify and to compare immunomodulatory properties of antibiotics we calculated an immune index, defined as: number of positive statements--number of negative statements/total number of statements. Concerning phagocytosis, positive effects were observed for cefodizime, imipenem, cefoxitin, amphotericin B and clindamycin and negative effects for erythromycin,

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Thermodynamically controlled synthesis of cefamandole. AU - Nierstrasz, V.A.. AU - Schroën, C.G.P.H.. AU - Bosma, R.. AU - Kroon, P.J.. AU - Beeftink, H.H.. AU - Janssen, A.E.M.. AU - Tramper, J.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. U2 - 10.3109/10242429909040115. DO - 10.3109/10242429909040115. M3 - Article. VL - 17. SP - 209. EP - 223. JO - Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. JF - Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. SN - 1024-2422. ER - ...