Embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma P19 cells produce erythropoietin (Epo) in an oxygen-independent manner, although lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is hypoxia-inducible. To explore this paradox, we studied the operation of cis-acting sequences from these genes in P19 and Hep3B cells. The Epo gene promoter and 3 enhancer from P19 cells conveyed hypoxia-inducible responses in Hep3B cells but not in P19 cells. Together with DNA sequencing and the normal transcription start site of P19 Epo gene, this excluded the possibility that the noninducibility of Epo gene in P19 cells was due to mutation in these sequences or unusual initiation of transcription. In contrast, reporter constructs containing LDHA enhancer and promoter were hypoxia inducible in P19 and Hep3B cells, and mutation of a hypoxia- inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) binding site abolished the hypoxic inducibility in both cells, indicating that HIF-1 activation operates normally in P19 cells. Neither forced expression of hepatocyte nuclear

TY - JOUR. T1 - Apoptosis of human embryonal carcinoma cells with in vitro differentiation. AU - Yamada, Taketo. AU - Suzuki, Nao. AU - Hiraoka, Nobuyoshi. AU - Matsuoka, Kentaroh. AU - Fukushima, Sachiko. AU - Hashiguchi, Akinori. AU - Hata, Jun Ichi. PY - 1996/2. Y1 - 1996/2. N2 - An in vitro model of apoptosis and differentiation in human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells was developed to study the mode of cell death and mechanisms of cell death in early development. Death of these cells was induced by treatment with retinoic acid (RA) under the same conditions as those for induction of differentiation. The manner of this cell death was apoptosis, not necrosis, with the morphological criterion for apoptosis. Serum deprivation likewise caused apoptosis in both undifferentiated and differentiated EC cells. In differentiated EC cells, DNA fragmentation was observed in a smear pattern lacking the ladder pattern typically associated with apoptosis. However, in differentiated EC cells, DNA ...

The lamin complement of nuclear matrix isolated from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells was studied during retinoic acid-induced differentiation in culture. Differentiation of the original cells into parietal endoderm-like cells was accompanied by the gradual appearance of lamins A and C while lamin B was present throughout all stages. Lamins were identified by their molecular masses, isoelectric points, recognition by a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antiserum, and by peptide mapping. The increase in the amounts of lamins A and C found in the matrix was due to de novo synthesis as no extranuclear pools of these lamins were detected in the undifferentiated cells. These results provide biochemical evidence that, as in amphibian embryogenesis, there are variations in nuclear lamina composition during mammalian development. ...

Adult human male germ cell tumors are unique in their display of histopathologies that resemble different stages of human development, and thus comprise a model system for the study of molecular mechanisms involved in human ES3 cell development (1) . Cell lines derived from such tumors, in particular, EC, have provided an invaluable in vitro resource in which molecular events regulating cell fate/lineage decision can be studied (2) . The EC cell lines can be maintained in an undifferentiated state in vitro, and undergo spontaneous or morphogen-induced differentiation programs. Some display the ability to differentiate along both somatic and extra-embryonic lineages placing them as equivalents of cells in the inner cell mass of the developing embryo (3 , 4) , whereas others exhibit a more restricted pluripotential differentiation program (5 , 6) . Global perspectives of the expression patterns of such cell lines during different differentiation programs may lead to the identification of genes ...

Two distinct murine heat shock transcription factors, HSF1 and HSF2, have been identified. HSF1 mediates the transcriptional activation of heat shock genes in response to environmental stress, while the function of HSF2 is not understood. Both factors can bind to heat shock elements (HSEs) but are maintained in a non-DNA-binding state under normal growth conditions. Mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the only mammalian cells known to exhibit HSE-binding activity, as determined by gel shift assays, even when maintained at normal physiological temperatures. We demonstrate here that the constitutive HSE-binding activity present in F9 and PCC4.aza.R1 EC cells, as well as a similar activity found to be present in mouse embryonic stem cells, is composed predominantly of HSF2. HSF2 in F9 EC cells is trimerized and is present at higher levels than in a variety of nonembryonal cell lines, suggesting a correlation of these properties with constitutive HSE-binding activity. Surprisingly, ...

Substantial multiplication in vitro of cloned cells from a human embryonal carcinoma cell line, Tera 2, has been obtained in a basal medium (DMEM/Hams F12,50:50, v/v) supplemented with 10 micrograms low density lipoprotein/ml, 100 micrograms high density lipoprotein/ml, 100 ng multiplication stimulating activity/ml, 100 ng insulin/ml and 1 microgram transferrin/ml. The growth rate appears to be similar to that obtained in 10% serum. Furthermore, studies on the expression of cell surface receptors revealed that cloned Tera 2 cells express high-affinity receptors for IGF-II but not for insulin. The cells also express receptors for Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) even though the addition of EGF does not stimulate their proliferation in serum-free medium. These results suggest that the expression of specific growth factor receptors is not an absolute determinant of hormone responsiveness. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Disabled-2 Mediates c-Fos Suppression and the Cell Growth Regulatory Activity of Retinoic Acid in Embryonic Carcinoma Cells. AU - Smith, Elizabeth R.. AU - Capo-Chichi, Callinice D.. AU - He, Junqi. AU - Smedberg, Jennifer L.. AU - Yang, Dong Hua. AU - Prowse, Amanda H.. AU - Godwin, Andrew K.. AU - Hamilton, Thomas C.. AU - Xu, Xiang Xi. PY - 2001/12/14. Y1 - 2001/12/14. N2 - F9 embryonic stem cell-like teratocarcinoma cells are widely used to study early embryonic development and cell differentiation. The cells can be induced by retinoic acid to undergo endodermal differentiation. The retinoic acid-induced differentiation accompanies cell growth suppression, and thus, F9 cells are also often used as a model for analysis of retinoic acid biological activity. We have recently shown that MAPK activation and c-Fos expression are uncoupled in F9 cells upon retinoic acid-induced endodermal differentiation. The expression of the candidate tumor suppressor Disabled-2 is induced and ...

Changes to cell cycle-regulating machinery that occur during differentiation of cells are thought to be responsible mostly for withdrawal from cycling. Here, embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines were found that differ in their basal levels of p27 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases but not in their growth rates, distribution of cells in phases of cell cycle, and their ability to differentiate. High basal levels of p27 did not substitute for up-regulation of p27 that in EC cells normally occurs early after entering a differentiation pathway. Under both standard and differentiation-supporting culture conditions, variances in the levels of p27 were strictly followed by variances in the levels of cyclins D2 and D3. In EC cells genetically manipulated to overexpress p27 protein, cyclin D3 became up-regulated and vice versa. Supposedly, titration of p27 by D-type cyclins, which prevents its inhibitory action toward cyclin-dependent kinase 2, allows for the maintenance of elevated p27 in proliferating ...

Overall survival of 425 advanced renal-cell carcinoma patients treated with outpatient s.c. IL-2/INF-α2a therapy (A). Overall survival of 163 low-risk patients

Mcburney, M W. and Strutt, B, Fusion of embryonal carcinoma cells to fibroblast cells, cytoplasts, and karyoplasts. (1979). Subject Strain Bibliography 1979. 1089 ...

An embryonal carcinoma is a malignant growth that develops in germ cells. Common types of embryonal carcinomas include teratomas...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Understanding the roles of growth factors in carcinogenesis. T2 - Modulation of autocrine growth control by differentiation. AU - Rizzino, A.. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - It is widely believed that abnormal proliferation of tumor cells is due, at least in part, to the production of autocrine growth factors that are not produced by their normal counterparts. However, direct support for this belief is seriously lacking. The normal counterparts of the vast majority of tumor cells have not been identified adequately and, thus, the growth factors produced by the normal counterparts of tumor cells have not been described. This review summarizes the remarkable similarity in the types of growth factors and growth factor receptors produced by early mouse embryos and by mouse embryonal carcinoma cells, the stem cells of teratocarcinomas. Based on these similarities and the likelihood that embryonal carcinoma cells are derived from the totipotent cells of the mammalian embryo, it is argued ...

Embryonal carcinoma is a germ cell tumor characterized by primitive epithelial cells with marked pleomorphism and various histologic patterns. It may present in pure form but often is part of a mixed germ cell tumor.

T-cell factor 3 (TCF3), a downstream effector of Wnt signaling in embryonic stem (ES) cells, plays an important role in pluripotent self-renewal and proliferation. Loss of TCF3 delays the differentiation of mouse ES cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TCF3 on embryonal carcinoma (EC). The mouse F9 EC cell line and a tumor-bearing mouse model were used to evaluate the anti-EC tumor effects of TCF3 in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The overexpression of TCF3 significantly inhibited proliferation, colony-forming and migration in F9 EC cells by approximately 30, 45 and 30%, respectively. The in vivo mouse model showed that the overexpression of TCF3 significantly reduced tumor volume (36.4%) and tumor weight (34.8%), malignancy progression and local infiltration and prolonged the life span of tumor-bearing mice. Overexpression of TCF3 significantly down-regulated Oct4 expression in the F9 EC cells. The results indicate that TCF3 is an inhibitor of the malignant ...

Oshima, R, Stimulation of the clonal growth and differentiation of feeder layer dependent mouse embryonal carcinoma cells by beta-mercaptoethanol. (1978). Subject Strain Bibliography 1978. 2177 ...

Cell lines. Human AML lines carrying FLT3ITD mutations were kindly donated by Yoshinobu Matsuo (MOLM-13, Fujisaki Cell Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Labs, and the Kurashiki Medical Center, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan), Neill Giese (MOLM-14; Calistoga Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), Stefan Heinrichs (MV4;11, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA), and David Sternberg (Ba/F3-FLT3ITD, OSI Pharmaceuticals). MOLM-13, MOLM-14 (50), and MV4;11 (CRL 9591; ATCC) as well as U937 (CRL 1593; ATCC) were grown in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS. The murine bone marrow-derived IL-3-dependent Ba/F3 cell line (51) was cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS and 10% WEHI-3B conditioned medium. A Ba/F3 stable line expressing the FLT3ITD mutant N51 (24) was maintained in RPMI/10% FBS/10% WEHI-3B conditioned medium and 750 μg/ml active G418. Human Embryonal Carcinoma 293T (HEK 293T; CRL 11268, ATCC) and Phoenix-Ampho Packaging (Orbigen) cell lines were cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Patient ...

Neuronal and mesodermal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells is characterized by expression of specific marker genes and modulated by activin and fibroblast growth factors ...

Historically, only few chemicals have been identified as neurodevelopmental toxicants, however, concern remains, and has recently increased, based upon the association between chemical exposures and increased developmental disorders. Diminution in motor speed and latency has been reported in preschool children from agricultural communities. Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are pesticides due to their acute insecticidal effects mediated by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, although other esterases as neuropathy target esterase (NTE) can also be inhibited. Other neurological and neurodevelopmental toxic effects with unknown targets have been reported after chronic exposure to OPs in vivo. We studied the initial stages of retinoic acid acid-triggered differentiation of pluripotent cells towards neural progenitors derived from human embryonal carcinoma stem cells to determine if neuropathic OP, mipafox, and non-neuropathic OP, paraoxon, are able to alter differentiation of neural precursor cells in

The expression of the E2A transcription unit of the adenovirus E1A deletion mutant d 312 in murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells suggests that they contain an activity that will complement viral E1A. We have prepared from these cells in vitro transcription extracts that use E1A-inducible promoters more efficiently than do extracts from a differentiated cell line. Mixing experiments demonstrate that the EC phenotype is dominant. Gel retardation assays using the E2A promoter detect a binding activity present in F9 and PCC4 EC cells but not in differentiated cells. Our data indicate that EC stem cells contain a transcription factor that is analogous to viral E1A and is likely to be involved in the control of cellular gene expression during differentiation. © 1987.

ab27193 is not available and we regret any inconvenience caused. View our alternatives for ab27193 or you can download the archived datasheet PDF from this page.

Genome wide profiling of human embryonic stem cells (hescs), their derivatives and embryonal carcinoma cells to develop base profiles of u.S. Federal government approved hesc lines ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of a murine cellular SV40 T antigen in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells. AU - Linzer, D. I H. AU - Maltzman, W.. AU - Levine, A. J.. PY - 1979/12/1. Y1 - 1979/12/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0018692275&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0018692275&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 6253135. AN - SCOPUS:0018692275. VL - 44. SP - 215. EP - 224. JO - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. JF - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. SN - 0091-7451. IS - 1. ER - ...

INTRODUCTION Cancer of the testes is currently the most frequent neoplasm and a leading cause of morbidity in men 15-35 years of age. Its incidence is increasing. Embryonal carcinoma is its most malignant form, which either may be resistant or may develop resistance to therapies, which results in relapses. Cancer stem cells are hypothesized to be drivers of these phenomena. SPECIFIC AIM The specific aim of this work was identification and isolation of spectra of single, living cancer stem cells, which were acquired directly from the patients biopsies, followed by testing of their pluripotency. PATIENTS METHODS Biopsies were obtained from the patients with the clinical and histological diagnoses of the primary, pure embryonal carcinomas of the testes. The magnetic and fluorescent antibodies were genetically engineered. The SSEA-4 and TRA-1-60 cell surface display was analyzed by multiphoton fluorescence spectroscopy (MPFS), flow cytometry (FCM), immunoblotting (IB), nuclear magnetic resonance

A heparin binding mitogenic protein isolated from bovine uterus shares NH2-terminal amino acid sequence with a protein isolated from newborn rat brain. The cDNAs of the bovine, human, and rat genes have been isolated and encode extraordinarily conserved proteins unrelated to known growth or neurotrophic factors, although identity of nearly 50 percent has been found with the predicted sequence of a retinoic acid induced transcript in differentiating mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Lysates of COS-7 cells transiently expressing this protein were mitogenic for NRK cells and initiated neurite outgrowth from mixed cultures of embryonic rat brain cells. RNA transcripts encoding this protein were widely distributed in tissues and were developmentally regulated. This protein, previously designated as heparin binding growth factor (HBGF)-8, is now renamed pleiotrophin (PTN) to reflect its diverse activities. PTN may be the first member of a family of developmentally regulated cytokines.

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Pao, P.C., Huang, N.K., Liu, Y.W., Yeh, S.H., Lin, S.T., Hsieh, C.P., Huang, A.M., Huang, H.S., Tseng, J.T., Chang, W.C., Lee, Y.C. (2011) A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell Death and Differentiation 18:1791-1804 ...

Current clinical judgment in bladder cancer (BC) relies primarily on pathological stage and grade. We investigated whether a molecular classification of tumor cell differentiation, based on a developmental biology approach, can provide additional prognostic information. Exploiting large preexisting gene-expression databases, we developed a biologically supervised computational model to predict markers that correspond with BC differentiation. To provide mechanistic insight, we assessed relative tumorigenicity and differentiation potential via xenotransplantation. We then correlated the prognostic utility of the identified markers to outcomes within gene expression and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue datasets. Our data indicate that BC can be subclassified into three subtypes, on the basis of their differentiation states: basal, intermediate, and differentiated, where only the most primitive tumor cell subpopulation within each subtype is capable of generating xenograft tumors and ...

Data Availability StatementThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. human EC cell line Eca109. The level of cell radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation assay, and the localization of Gli1 was detected using immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of Gli1, Shh, patched 1 (Ptch) and smoothened frizzled class receptor (Smo) in the two cell lines. Significantly higher levels of Gli1 were identified in the Eca109R cell line compared with those inEca109 cells (P 0.05). Additionally, western blotting analysis exhibited an increased expression level of the Gli1, Shh, Ptch and Smo proteins in Eca109R, compared with Eca109 cells (P 0.05). Overexpression of Gli1 in the parental cell line led to decreased levels of radiosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the radioresistant cell line was restored through knockdown of Gli1. The present study exhibited that Gli1 ...

Detailed information about the celline expression of FKBP5 in NTERA-2 stained with HPA031092. The antibody showed a High level of staining

Boer B, KNopp J, Mallanna S, Desler M, Chakravarthy H, Wilder PJ, Bernadt C, Rizzino A.Elevating the levels of Sox2 in embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells inhibits the expression of Sox2:Oct-3/4 target genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2007 35(6):1773-1786 Abstract ...

Tumorigenesis is often described while a result of accumulated mutations that business lead to development benefit and clonal growth of mutated cells. mouse-human cell blend. To our understanding this is usually the 1st proof that human being malignancy cells of embryonic or somatic roots react to developing indicators produced by the mouse mammary gland microenvironment during gland regeneration by intramuscular shots of the computer virus in the wings of hatchling hens [6]. Fast developing tumors created in nearly 100% of the shot hens [6]. Nevertheless, when the labeled pp60src computer virus was utilized to infect poultry arm or leg embryo cells in 1975 exhibited that the blastocyst was capable to suppress tumorigenesis just when the quantity of embryonal carcinoma cells was lower than 20 cells per shot [19,20]. Further 211555-04-3 manufacture research by McCullough and collagues recommended that adjustments that affect a growth nonpermissive microenvironment framework and/or signaling such ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Differentiation of mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells injected into an empty zebrafish egg chorion in a microfluidic device. AU - Lee, Jin Woo. AU - Na, Dae Seok. AU - Kang, Ji Yoon. AU - Lee, Sang Ho. AU - Ju, Byeong Kwon. N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the Intelligent Micro-system Center (IMC, http://www.microsystem.re.kr), which is carrying out one of the 21st Centurys Frontier R&D Projects sponsored by the Korea Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy. Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. N2 - Mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma (EC) stem cells were xenotransplanted into the emptied chorion, the transparent envelope of a fertilized zebrafish egg (rather than mouse native zona pellucida) combined with a microfluidic device to study P19 EC cell differentiation in the chorion biomaterial. A distilled-water jet was used to remove the innate yolk and perivitelline inner mass from the chorion. P19 EC ...

The retinoids exert potent growth and differentiation effects on normal, embryonic and neoplastic cells. Although retinoids are known to regulate gene transcription through activation of retinoid receptors, the direct target genes of retinoid receptors remain largely unknown. A human embryonal carcinoma (EC) model was employed to determine the importance of p53 in retinoid-mediated differentiation and signaling. The hypothesis was that one mechanism by which retinoids regulate gene expression and mediate beneficial anti-tumor effects is by activation of p53 transactivation activity. RA was found to enhance the transactivation function of p53 in the human EC line NT2/D1. A derived RA-resistant line, NT2/D1-R1, was deficient in this activity, and also exhibited cross-resistance to cisplatin. This suggested a model in which RA and cisplatin signaling pathways impinge upon p53 in human EC cells. Further evidence generated to support this model is the following: (1) RA-induced p53 activity could be ...

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PRAD-1 is a putative oncogene localized on chromosome 11q13 which encodes cyclin D1, a novel cyclin involved in cell cycle regulation. Amplification of this gene has recently been reported in several human tumors including breast and head and neck carcinomas. In this study we have analyzed the presence of PRAD-1/cyclin D1 gene amplification and mRNA overexpression in a series of 46 matched normal mucosas and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. PRAD-1/cyclin D1 was found to be amplified 2- to 12-fold in 17 carcinomas (37%). DNA amplification correlated with advanced local invasion (P = 0.0015), presence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.0078), and stage IV of the tumors (P = 0.0021). mRNA overexpression was found in 15 of the 43 (35%) cases examined and it was also significantly associated with advanced local invasion (P = 0.0025) and stage IV carcinomas (P = 0.0032). A significant association was observed between gene amplification and mRNA overexpression (P , 0.0001) with only 3 discordant ...

Vertebrate Hox and Otx genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors thought to transduce positional information along the body axis in the segmental portion of the trunk and in the rostral brain, respectively. Moreover, Hox and Otx2 genes show a complementary spatial regulation during embryogenesis. A 1821-base pair (bp) upstream DNA fragment of the Otx2 gene is positively regulated by co-transfection with expression vectors for the human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 proteins in an embryonal carcinoma cell line (NT2/D1) and a shorter fragment of only 534 bp is able to drive this regulation. The HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 DNA-binding region on the 534-bp Otx2 genomic fragment has been demonstrated using nuclear extracts from Hox-transfected COS cells and 12.5 days postcoitum mouse embryos or HOXB3 homeodomain-containing bacterial extracts. HOXB1, HOXB3, and nuclear extracts from 12.5 day mouse embryos bind to a sequence containing two palindromic TAATTA sites, which bear four copies of the ...

The number of down regulated genes ranged from 4. 7% in NTERA 2 R NTERA 2 to 37. 7% in NCCIT R NCCIT and 53. 3% in 2102EP R 2102EP cell line pairs. Thirty four overlapping genes were found in the two pairs NTERA 2 R NTERA 2 and NCCIT R NCCIT. The overlap ping number of differentially expressed genes was only 5 between cell line blog of sinaling pathways pairs NTERA 2 R NTERA 2 and 2102EP R 2102EP, and 6 between NCCIT R NCCIT and 2102EP R 2102EP. Only hsa miR 10b cell lines exposed to increasing concentrations of cisplatin resulted in a 2. 7 11. 3 increase in IC50 to the substance, as measured by the MTT assay 2,5 Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide. Whereas the IC50 values of the sensitive parental cell lines were 0. 45 uM, 0. 75 uM, and 1. 75 uM, respectively, the three cisplatin resistant sublines exhibited IC50 values of 5.. 1 uM in NTERA 2R, 4. 9 uM Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries in 2102EP R, and 4. 7 uM in NCCIT R. Results of the cytotoxicity experiments have been reported else where. and has miR ...

Figure 3: The cells were biopsied directly from the primary tumors of the patients diagnosed with the embryonal carcinoma of the testes (huECT bio) (in the figure 3, the patients encoded 001-009), the mononuclear cells from bone marrow (huBMMC) and from peripheral blood (huPBMC), the cultured human embryonic stem cell lines (H1, H13, H14) (huESC cc), and the cultured cells from metastasis to lungs of the testicular embryonal carcinoma (NT2D1) (huECT cc), labeled with the superparamagnetic Fvs targeting TRA-1-6- and SSEA-4, and isolated with magnetic sorter to enrich the samples purity better than 99.5% with the statistical significance accepted at p , 0.001 ...

Many studies over the past 10 years, culminating in the recent report of the International Stem Cell Initiative (ISCI, 2011) have shown that hPSC acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during their time in culture. Many of the genetic changes are non-random and recurrent, probably because they provide a selective growth advantage to the undifferentiated cells. Some are shared by embryonal carcinoma cells, the malignant counterparts of ES cells. The origins of these growth advantages are poorly understood, but may come from altered cell cycle dynamics, resistance to apoptosis or altered patterns of differentiation. Less is known about the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes, but it is likely that these similarly affect hPSC behaviour; e.g., enhanced expression of DLK1, an imprinted gene, is associated with altered hPSC growth (Enver et al 2005). Inevitably, these genetic and epigenetic changes will impact on our ability to use hPSC for regenerative medicine, either because malignant ...

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is caused by mutations in the survival of motor neuron gene (SMN), leading to reduced levels of the SMN protein in affected individuals. In SMA, motor neurons selectively degenerate, however, the mechanism of cell death and the precise role of SMN in this process are not completely understood. In this study, we apply RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown Smn gene expression in the murine embryonal carcinoma stem cell line P19, which can be differentiated into neuronal cells. A direct effect of Smn loss on apoptotic cell death in differentiated P19 neuronal cells, and to a lesser extent in undifferentiated cells was observed. Apoptosis could be partly reversed by expression of an SMN rescue construct, was reversible by the addition of the caspase-inhibitor ZVAD-fmk and involved the cytochrome c pathway. This study shows for the first time that knockdown of SMN results in apoptosis in mammalian neuronal cells and has implications for

ERV can be put to physiological use by their hosts, either at the gene regulatory level or as proteins. Tissue-specific enhancers in the ERV LTR are an example of transcriptional control. All mammals express amylase in the pancreas, but rodents and Old World primates also express amylase in salivary glands. In both the cases, ERV elements play a role in salivary expression in remarkably convergent evolution. The activation of salivary amylase in the human parotid gland is controlled by a retroviral insertion, which occurred during Old World primate evolution [54]. Then gene triplication of the amylase gene and its LTR enhancer to further enhance amylase secretion occurred after hominids split from chimpanzees. It may have provided selective advantage to the hominid lineage when, like rodents, they adopted a diet containing complex carbohydrates.. Many years ago, it was noted that MLV is not transcriptionally active in murine embryonal carcinoma stem cells, but that during differentiation into ...

Human tissue samples. Fresh frozen human nonneoplastic brain tissue and human tumor samples were obtained from the Department of Pathology at Brigham and Womens Hospital. All human materials were used in accordance with the policies of institutional review board at Brigham and Womens Hospital.. Cell lines and culturing conditions. Early-passage (passage 3) cultures from four independent human high-grade gliomas were a generous gift from Dr. David Louis (Massachusetts General Hospital). From each of the four high-grade gliomas, three cultures were established to give a total of 12 early-passage cultures (passage 3) used in our studies. Human glioblastoma cell lines A172, U87, LN229, U373, LN428, and LN308 were kindly donated by Drs. Azad Bonni and Rosalind Segal (Harvard University). All glioblastoma cell lines were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Undifferentiated P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells were cultured in αMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and were ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression and functional significance of HtrA1 loss in endometrial cancer. AU - Mullany, Sally A.. AU - Moslemi-Kebria, Mehdi. AU - Rattan, Ramandeep. AU - Khurana, Ashwani. AU - Clayton, Amy. AU - Ota, Takayo. AU - Mariani, Andrea. AU - Podratz, Karl C.. AU - Chien, Jeremy. AU - Shridhar, Viji. PY - 2011/2/1. Y1 - 2011/2/1. N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if loss of serine protease HtrA1 in endometrial cancer will promote the invasive potential of EC cell lines. Experimental design: Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry methods were used to determine HtrA1 expression in EC cell lines and primary tumors, respectively. Migration, invasion assays and in vivo xenograft experiment were performed to compare the extent of metastasis between HtrA1 expressing and HtrA1 knocked down clones. Results: Western blot analysis of HtrA1 in 13 EC cell lines revealed complete loss of HtrA1 expression in all seven papillary serous EC cell lines. Downregulation of ...

The development of tumor cell differentiation agents is new initiative in cancer treatment research. The goal of this project was to identify breast cancer differentiation agents by screening quinoline ring-containing compounds obtained form National Cancer Institute Compound Library. Of six differentiation-inducing quinolines NSC3852 was chosen as a lead compound. Our results demonstrate that NSC3852 is an inhibitor of HDAC activity in HeLa and MCF-7 cells nuclear extracts. NSC3852 caused superoxide generation in MCF-7 cells in a NADPH oxidase-dependent fashion, and NSC3852-induced oxidative stress led to the shift in a redox potential of the cells to a more oxidized state. This change in redox status of the cells was accompanied by the accumulation of hypophosphorylated pRb, downregulation of E2F-1 and Myc transcription factor protein levels, and cell differentiation. Superoxide formation in response to NSC3852 exposure caused DNA damage and subsequently apoptosis. MCF-7 cells growth was inhibited.

1. National Cancer Institute. NCI Thesaurus Version 18.11d. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ [2018-08-28]. [2018-09-21].. 2. The AACR Project GENIE Consortium. AACR Project GENIE: powering precision medicine through an international consortium. Cancer Discovery. 2017;7(8):818-831. Dataset Version 8. This dataset does not represent the totality of the genetic landscape; see paper for more information.. 3. All assertions and clinical trial landscape data are curated from primary sources. You can read more about the curation process here.. ...

Background: Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is involved in Wnt-5a-induced migration of gastric and breast cancer cells. We investigated the roles of RhoA and Wnt-5a in ovarian carcinoma. Methods: RhoA and Wnt-5a mRNA and protein expression in normal fallopian tube epithelium, benign tumors, primary ovarian carcinomas, and metastatic omentum were quantified. RhoA or Wnt-5a was knocked down in OVCAR3 ovarian carcinoma cells using siRNAs and cell phenotype and expression of relevant molecules were assayed. Results: RhoA and Wnt-5a mRNA and protein expression were found to be significantly higher in metastatic omentum than in ovarian carcinomas, benign tumors, and normal fallopian tube epithelium (p < 0.05), and positively associated with differentiation and FIGO staging (stage I/II vs. stage III/IV) in ovarian carcinoma (p < 0.05). RhoA and Wnt-5a expression were positively correlated in ovarian carcinoma (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.1669). RhoA or Wnt-5a knockdown downregulated RhoA and Wnt-5a

In contrast to many other genes containing a CpG island, the testis-specific H2B (TH2B) histone gene exhibits tissue-specific methylation patterns in correlation with gene activity. Characterization of the methylation patterns within a 20-kb segment containing the TH2A and TH2B genes in comparison with that in a somatic histone cluster revealed that: (i) the germ cell-specific unmethylated domain of the TH2A and TH2B genes is defined as a small region surrounding the CpG islands of the TH2A and TH2B genes and (ii) somatic histone genes are unmethylated in both liver and germ cells, like other genes containing CpG islands, whereas flanking sequences are methylated. Transfection of in vitro-methylated TH2B, somatic H2B, and mouse metallothionein I constructs into F9 embryonal carcinoma cells revealed that the CpG islands of the TH2A and TH2B genes were demethylated like those of the somatic H2A and H2B genes and the metallothionein I gene. The demethylation of those CpG islands became ...

We previously discovered a pericellular matrix keratan sulphate/chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan present about the surface of human being embryonal carcinoma stem cells, cells whose differentiation mimics early development. sulphate glycosaminoglycans (analyzed in Funderburgh, 2000). Within an previous research, we reported the purification from the matrix-associated proteoglycan from individual EC Epothilone B cells (Cooper et al. 1992). A lot of the materials therefore isolated was within an aggregated type. While keratan chondroitin and sulphate sulphate accounted for every one of the glycosaminoglycan articles from the pericellular matrix type, just chemical deglycosylation attained comprehensive removal of glucose residues, to reveal primary protein rings of Mr 55 and 48 kDa. Weve observed previously which the proteoglycan could possibly be discovered in culture moderate by immunoassay (Pera et al. 1988). Therefore, a fresh purification protocol originated to review the secreted type of ...

gp200 renal cell carcinoma marker, 0.1 mg. |p|gp200 is a surface membrane glycoprotein expressed on human embryonal carcinoma and is a malignant stem cell of testicular tumors.

Clone REA157 recognizes the TRA-1-60 antigen, a neuraminidase-resistant carbohydrate epitope expressed on podocalyxin, which is a transmembrane glycoprotein. Podocalyxin is a member of the CD34-related family of sialomucins and is recognized as a stem cell and tumor marker. TRA-1-60 antigen is expressed on the surface of human embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic germ cells (EG), and embryonic carcinoma cells (EC). Expression of TRA-1-60 is lost upon differentiation and thus it can be used to assess the differentiation stage of the cells. TRA-1-60 can be detected in the serum of patients with germ cell tumors which contain an EC component.Additional information: Clone REA157 displays negligible binding to Fc receptors. - Belgique

Downregulation of miR-320a/383-sponge-like long non-coding RNA NLC1-C (narcolepsy candidate-region 1 genes) is associated with male infertility and promotes testicular embryonal carcinoma cell proliferation. Lü M, et al. Cell Death and Disease, 2015 ...