Genetic manage of candida albicans biofilm development. Genetic manipulate of candida albicans biofilm inside the improvement of candida albicans biofilms control in candida albicans and candida.. Plos one purpurin suppresses candida albicans biofilm. Purpurin suppresses candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal development. Purpurin suppresses candida albicans genetic manage of candida albicans.. Genetics and genomics of candida albicans biofilm. Genetics and genomics of candida albicans biofilm formation. Genetic control of biofilm formation. Genes that govern candida albicans biofilm improvement.. Genetic control of candida albicans biofilm improvement. Genetic manipulate of candida albicans biofilm recognized the gene products that participate immediately inside the improvement of candida albicans biofilms,. Genetic manage of candida albicans biofilm development. Genetic manipulate of candida albicans biofilm improvement. (pmid21189476 pmcidpmc3891587) genetic control of candida albicans ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Importance of the Candida albicans cell wall during commensalism and infection. AU - Gow, N.A.R.. AU - Hube, B.. PY - 2012/8. Y1 - 2012/8. N2 - An imbalance of the normal microbial flora, breakage of epithelial barriers or dysfunction of the immune system favour the transition of the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans from a commensal to a pathogen. C. albicans has evolved to be adapted as a commensal on mucosal surfaces. As a commensal it has also acquired attributes, which are necessary to avoid or overcome the host defence mechanisms. The human host has also co-evolved to recognize and eliminate potential fungal invaders. Many of the fungal genes that have been the focus of this co-evolutionary process encode cell wall components. In this review, we will discuss the transition from commensalism to pathogenesis, the key players of the fungal cell surface that are important for this transition, the role of the morphology and the mechanisms of host recognition and ...

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Candida albicans - yeast stage. A yeast-like fungus commonly occurring on human skin, in the upper respiratory, alimentary and female genital tracts. This fungus has a dimorphic life cycle with a yeast and hyphal stages. The yeast produces hyphae (strands) from which pseudohyphae branch. The pseudohyphae can give rise to yeast cells by apical or lateral budding. Causes candidiasis which includes thrush (an infection of the mouth and vagina) and vulvo-vaginitis. Magnification: x1,000 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C037/0236

The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans can grow over a wide pH range, which is associated with its ability to colonize and infect distinct host niches. C. albicans growth in neutral-alkaline environments requires proteolytic activation of the transcription factor Rim101. Rim101 activation requires Snf7, a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. We hypothesized that Snf7 has distinct functions in the Rim101 and ESCRT pathways, which we tested by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. While some snf7 alleles conferred no defects, we identified alleles with solely ESCRT-dependent, solely Rim101-dependent, or both Rim101- and ESCRT-dependent defects. Thus, Snf7 function in these two pathways is at least partially separable. Both Rim101- and ESCRT-dependent functions require Snf7 recruitment to the endosomal membrane and alleles that disrupted both pathways were found to localize normally, suggesting a downstream defect. Most alleles that conferred solely ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Structure and function of glycosylated tandem repeats from Candida albicans als adhesins. AU - Frank, Aaron T.. AU - Ramsook, Caleen B.. AU - Otoo, Henry N.. AU - Tan, Cho. AU - Soybelman, Gregory. AU - Rauceo, Jason M.. AU - Gaur, Nand K.. AU - Klotz, Stephen A.. AU - Lipke, Peter N.. PY - 2010/3. Y1 - 2010/3. N2 - Tandem repeat (TR) regions are common in yeast adhesins, but their structures are unknown, and their activities are poorly understood. TR regions in Candida albicans Als proteins are conserved glycosylated 36-residue sequences with cell-cell aggregation activity (J. M. Rauceo, R. De Armond, H. Otoo, P. C. Kahn, S. A. Klotz, N. K. Gaur, and P. N. Lipke, Eukaryot. Cell 5:1664-1673, 2006). Ab initio modeling with either Rosetta or LINUS generated consistent structures of three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet domains, whereas randomly shuffled sequences with the same composition generated various structures with consistently higher energies. O-and N-glycosylation patterns ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Candida albicans mutant construction and characterization of selected virulence determinants. AU - Motaung, T. E.. AU - Albertyn, J.. AU - Pohl, C. H.. AU - Köhler, Gerwald. PY - 2015/1/1. Y1 - 2015/1/1. N2 - Candida albicans is a diploid, polymorphic yeast, associated with humans, where it mostly causes no harm. However, under certain conditions it can cause infections ranging from superficial to life threatening. This ability to become pathogenic is often linked to the immune status of the host as well as the expression of certain virulence factors by the yeast. Due to the importance of C. albicans as a pathogen, determination of the molecular mechanisms that allow this yeast to cause disease is important. These studies rely on the ability of researchers to create deletion mutants of specific genes in order to study their function. This article provides a critical review of the important techniques used to create deletion mutants in C. albicans and highlights how these ...

Ability of Candida albicans mutants to induce Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin resistance during polymicrobial biofilm formation.: Candida albicans and Staphylo

Abstract Background The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is frequently seen in immune suppressed patients, and resistance to one of the most widely used antifungals, fluconazole (FLC), can evolve rapidly. In recent years it has become clear that plasticity of the Candida albicans genome contributes to drug resistance through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at resistance genes and gross chromosomal rearrangements that amplify gene copy number of resistance associated genes. This study addresses the role of the homologous recombination factors Rad54 and Rdh54 in cell growth, DNA damage and FLC resistance in Candida albicans. Results The data presented here support a role for homologous recombination in cell growth and DNA damage sensitivity, as Candida albicans rad54Δ/rad54Δ mutants were hypersensitive to MMS and menadione, and had an aberrant cell and nuclear morphology. The Candida albicans rad54Δ/rad54Δ mutant was defective in invasion of Spider agar, presumably due to the ...

Typically, established lab strains are widely used to study host-pathogen interactions. However, to better reflect the infection process, the experimental use of clinical isolates has come more into focus. Here, we analyzed the interaction of multiple vaginal isolates of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the most common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women, with key players of the host immune system: macrophages. We tested several strains isolated from asymptomatic or symptomatic women with acute and recurrent infections. While all clinical strains showed a response similar to the commonly used lab strain SC5314 in various in vitro assays, they displayed remarkable differences during interaction with macrophages. This coincided with significantly reduced β-glucan exposure on the cell surface, which appeared to be a shared property among the tested vaginal strains for yeast extract/peptone/dextrose-grown cells, which is partly lost when the isolates faced vaginal ...

Candida Albicans - MedHelps Candida Albicans Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for Candida Albicans. Find Candida Albicans information, treatments for Candida Albicans and Candida Albicans symptoms.

It is caused by the overgrowth of a type of yeast called Candida, usually Candida albicans.Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast-like fungus called Candida albicans.Candidiasis is caused by infection with species of the genus Candida, predominantly with Candida albicans.This site explains how it occurs and how to control it safely and.. The use of fluconazole and itraconazole in the treatment of Candida albicans infections:.This yeast is normally found in small amounts in the human body. But.. Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and one of the few species of the Candida genus that cause the infection ...

5. Birth control drugs. It has been demonstrated that hormones (especially estrogen) found in birth control pills cause a significant rise of the sugar level in blood, creating a perfect environment for the development of the fungus Candida (which cant wait to get a cup of sugar).. 6. Other foods/habits that kill beneficial bacteria:. - Active and passive smoking: cigarette smoke kills beneficial bacteria. Studies show that those who quit smoking in the following period present a significant increase in beneficial bacteria, but also a decrease of pathogenic organisms from the intestines.. - Pesticides and insecticides are poisons for both pests that attack plants, as well as the beneficial bacteria in our intestines.. - Constipation: foods that remain too long in the body enter into putrefaction, and thus create a favorable environment for the development of putrefaction flora (including the fungus Candida albicans).. - Intestinal parasites destroy (eat) the beneficial bacteria and thus create ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cloning and characterization of mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase from a pathogenic fungi Candida albicans. AU - Lee, Sang Won. AU - Jo, Yeong Joon. AU - Kim, Sunghoon. PY - 1998/7/30. Y1 - 1998/7/30. N2 - A genomic sequence encoding mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) was determined from a pathogenic fungi Candida albicans. The gene is distinct from that encoding the cytoplasmic MetRS. The encoded protein consists of 577 amino acids (aa and contains the class I defining sequences in the N-terminal domain and the conserved anticodon-binding amino acid, Trp, in the C-terminal domain. This protein showed the highest similarity with the mitochondrial MetRSs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Shizosaccharomyces pombe. The mitochondrial MetRSs of these fungi were distinguished from their cytoplasmic forms. The protein lacks the zinc binding motif in the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal dimerization appendix that are present in MetRSs of several other species. ...

During the extreme polarized growth of fungal hyphae, secretory vesicles are thought to accumulate in a subapical region called the Spitzenkörper. The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can grow in a budding yeast or hyphal form. When it grows as hyphae, Mlc1 accumulates in a subapical spot suggestive of a Spitzenkörper-like structure, while the polarisome components Spa2 and Bud6 localize to a surface crescent. Here we show that the vesicle-associated protein Sec4 also localizes to a spot, confirming that secretory vesicles accumulate in the putative C. albicans Spitzenkörper. In contrast, exocyst components localize to a surface crescent. Using a combination of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) experiments and cytochalasin A to disrupt actin cables, we showed that Spitzenkörper-located proteins are highly dynamic. In contrast, exocyst and polarisome components are stably located at the cell surface. It is thought that in

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a leading cause of device-associated and other nosocomial infections. The traits of biofilm formation and invasion into an underlying surface are important for Candida to cause disease. In this dissertation, I describe my work, which reveals a novel role for glycerol in C. albicans biofilm formation and hyphal invasion. Through genomewide expression profiling it was observed that glycerol biosynthetic genes were highly upregulated in biofilms relative to the planktonic (suspension) cultures. Consistent with this observation, cells in a biofilm also accumulated higher amounts of glycerol then non-biofilm cells. In order to study the impact of glycerol on biofilm formation I made a deletion mutant, rhr2Δ/Δ, in the gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphatase. Under in vitro conditions, the rhr2Δ/Δ mutant has reduced biofilm biomass and reduced adherence to silicone. The mutant is also severely defective in biofilm formation in the rat venous catheter model of biofilm

Background: The fungal pathogen Candida albicans colonizes the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammalian hosts as a benign commensal. However, in an immunocompromised host, the fungus is capable of causing life-threatening infection. We previously showed that the major transcription factor Efg1p is differentially expressed in GI-colonizing... read moreC. albicans cells dependent on the host immune status. To understand the mechanisms that underlie this host-dependent differential gene expression, we utilized mathematical modeling to dissect host-pathogen interactions. Specifically, we used principles of evolutionary game theory to study the mechanism that governs dynamics of EFG1 expression during C. albicans colonization ...

Bradykinin-related peptides, universal mediators of inflammation collectively referred to as the kinins, are often produced in excessive amounts during microbial infections. We have recently shown that the yeast Candida albicans, the major fungal pathogen to humans, can exploit two mechanisms to enhance kinin levels at the sites of candidial infection, one depending on adsorption and activation of the endogenous kinin-generating system of the host on the fungal cell wall and the other relying on cleavage of kinin precursors, the kininogens, by pathogen-secreted proteases. This work aimed at assigning this kininogenase activity to the major secreted aspartic protease of C. albicans (SAP2). The purified SAP2 was shown to cleave human kininogens, preferably the low molecular mass form (LK) and optimally in an acidic environment (pH 3.5-4.0), and to produce two kinins, Met-Lys-bradykinin and its derivative, {[}Hydroxyproline(3)]-Met-Lys-bradykinin, both of which are capable of interacting with ...

The oral cavity is a complex environment harboring diverse microbial species that often co-exist within biofilms formed on oral surfaces. Within a biofilm, inter-species interactions can be synergistic in that the presence of one organism generates a niche for another enhancing colonization. Among these species are the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans and the bacterial species Streptococcus mutans, the etiologic agents of oral candidiasis and dental caries, respectively. Recent studies have reported enhanced prevalence of C. albicans in children with caries indicating potential clinical implications for this fungal-bacterial interaction. In this study, we aimed to specifically elucidate the role of C. albicans-derived polysaccharide biofilm matrix components in augmenting S. mutans colonization and mixed biofilm formation. Comparative evaluations of single and mixed species biofilms demonstrated significantly enhanced S. mutans retention in mixed biofilms with C. albicans. Further, S.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Candida albicans ABG1 gene is involved in endocytosis. AU - Veses, Veronica. AU - Casanova, Manuel. AU - Murgui, Amelia. AU - Gow, Neil A R. AU - Martínez, José P. PY - 2009/3. Y1 - 2009/3. N2 - The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes reversible morphogenetic transitions between yeast, hyphal and pseudohyphal forms. The fungal vacuole actively participates in differentiation processes and plays a key role supporting hyphal growth. The ABG1 gene of C. albicans encodes an essential protein located in the vacuolar membranes of both yeast and hyphae. Using fluorescence microscopy of a green fluorescent protein-tagged version of Abg1p, a fraction of the protein was detected in hyphal tips, not associated with vacuolar membranes. Live cell imaging of emerging germ tubes showed that Abg1p migrated to the polarized growth site and colocalized with endocytic vesicles. Phenotypic analysis of a methionine-regulated conditional mutant confirmed that Abg1p is involved in ...

Oral candidosis is common in patients with diabetes mellitus, as yeasts, particularly Candida albicans, have the propensity to colonise, form biofilms and release hydrolytic enzymes which cause inflammation. This study aimed to investigate these characteristics in isolates from three groups of patients with type 1 diabetes: individuals with better controlled diabetes (BCD; a parts per thousand yen6 , 8%), individuals with poorly controlled diabetes (PCD; a parts per thousand yen8%) and non-diabetics (ND; HbA(1c) , 5.9%). The biomass (Bm), phospholipase (P-z), haemolysin (H-z) and proteinase (Pr-z) were assessed using a microtitre biofilm assay and agar-based hydrolytic enzyme assays. Biofilm formation was significantly increased in the PCD group compared to ND and BCD groups (P , 0.05). No significant differences in P-z levels were observed between groups, whereas both H-z and Pr-z were significantly greater in the diabetes groups than in the healthy control group (P , 0.05). Statistically ...

Get the scoop on three remedies that may help a yeast infection Boric acid is a chemical substance with mild 81 percent had a clinical improvement or cure diagnose infection in newborn babies: very well from the stomach. La Candidiasis es una infeccin Cutaneous Candidiasis Physical Exam Candida Folliculitis producida por un hongo parsito Candida Albicans levadura que vive Muchas veces simplemente la Candidiasis comienza como una simple infeccin por hongos. Cutaneous Candidiasis Physical Exam Candida Folliculitis men can get yeast infections from Just as a condom containing spermicidal luicant can A legjobb ingyenes candida symptomen baby candida diet weight gain IQ-tesztek a neten: a tid mekkora? Te hogyan teljestesz az tlaghoz kpest? Teszteld le szellemi kapacitsod! Szerz: Otthoni Candida teszt 10 perc alatt megtudhatod az otthon elvgezhet Candida teszttel hogy ezzel a krokozval bajldsz-e! Rendelj most! albicans accounted for the majority of Candida Less common species causing superficial ...

Searches in a Candida albicans database (http://genolist.pasteur.fr/CandidaDB/) identified two Individual Protein Files (IPF 15363 and 19968) whose deduced amino acid sequences showed 42 % and 45 % homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pir4. The two DNA sequences are alleles of the same gene (CaPIR1) but IPF 19968 has a deletion of 117 bases. IPF 19968 encodes a putative polypeptide of 364 aa, which is highly O-glycosylated and has an N-mannosylated chain, four cysteine residues and seven repeats. Both alleles are expressed under different growth conditions and during wall construction by regenerating protoplasts. The heterozygous mutant cells are elongated, form clumps of several cells and are hypersensitive to drugs that affect cell wall assembly. CaPir1 was labelled with the V5 epitope and found linked to the 1,3-β-glucan of the C. albicans wall and also by disulphide bridges when expressed in S. cerevisiae.

Introduction The contribution of sexual transmission to genital Candida albicans infection remains unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is associated with increased frequency of vaginal sex, receptive orogenital sex, and increased numbers of sexual partners. Correlation of candidal infection between sexual partners has been observed and studies using genotype comparison techniques suggest that genital C. albicans may be sexually transmitted. Nevertheless, conflicting evidence exists regarding treatment of male sexual partners of women with recurrent VVC. The objective of this study was to determine the concordance of C.albicans isolates among women who have sex with women (WSW) in sexual partnerships using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.. ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the plasma treatment effects on oral fungal biofilms. Candida albicans biofilms were developed on the 48-we , Author: Qing Hong Xiaoqing Dong Meng Chen Hongmin Sun Liang Hong Yong Wang Qingsong Yu

Published: NA Keywords: Candida albicans dentures food stains denture-induced stomatitis A B S T R A C T Objectives: In the UK, 19% of adults wear dentures. Failure to keep a denture clean can lead to staining from foods, along with subsequent colonisation of the denture and associated mucosa by microorganisms, particularly Candida albicans. This colonisation can potentially lead to chronic erythematous candidosis and other oral infections. This study investigated the association between staining of denture acrylics by different food types and subsequent C. albicans colonisation. Materials and Methods: Chemically polymerised acrylic specimens were produced and stained for 14 days with six different combinations of food stains. The level of acrylic staining was determined spectrophotometrically. Specimens were then incubated in Sabouraud-dextrose broth (SAB) or SAB inoculated with Candida albicans. Confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with propidium iodide staining of C. albicans was used ...

Secretory aspartyl proteinases (Sap) have long been considered key virulence traits of C. albicans, with rather strong experimental and clinical evidence for a major role in vaginal candidiasis (1, 3). However, the mechanisms by which this family of enzymes is involved in vaginal disease have remained unclear. Sap are active enzymes with a wide range of substrate specificities (26). Since some of these substrates (e.g., complement, histatins, and E-cadherin, and also Abs) play critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses, Sap expression is thought to enable the fungus to evade host immunity by enzymatic proteolysis of one or more of the above factors (1, 3). Concurrently, studies in well-established animal models and reconstituted human vaginal epithelia have provided indirect clues for a role of some members of the Sap family in facilitating fungus adherence and penetration into epithelial tissues (27-30). Evidence gathered with the use of anti-Sap Abs supports this proadherence ...

Candida glabrata is a major opportunistic human fungal pathogen causing superficial as well as systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals and several other patient cohorts. C. glabrata represents the second most prevalent cause of candidemia and a better understanding of its virulence and drug resistance mechanisms is thus of high medical relevance. In contrast to the diploid dimorphic pathogen C. albicans, whose ability to undergo filamentation is considered a major virulence trait, C. glabrata has a haploid genome and lacks the ability to switch to filamentous growth. A major impediment for the clinical therapy of C. glabrata infections is its high intrinsic resistance to several antifungal drugs, especially azoles. Further, the development of antifungal resistance, particularly during prolonged and prophylactic therapies is diminishing efficacies of therapeutic interventions. In addition, C. glabrata harbors a large repertoire of adhesins involved in the adherence to host epithelia.

TY - JOUR. T1 - State of differentiation defines buccal epithelial cell affinity for cross-linking to Candida albicans Hwp1. AU - Ponniah, Gomathinayagam. AU - Rollenhagen, Christiane. AU - Bahn, Yong-Sun. AU - Staab, Janet F.. AU - Sundstrom, Paula. PY - 2007/9/1. Y1 - 2007/9/1. N2 - Candida albicans utilizes mammalian cell-associated transglutaminase (TGase) activity to adhere covalently to human buccal epithelial cells (BECs) through Hyphal Wall Protein 1. Little is known about the factors leading to the identity and appearance of Hwp1 binding partners on cells lining the oral cavity. The observation that BECs vary in their ability to attach to C. albicans germ tubes and to bind recombinant Hwp1 (rHwp1) suggested that differentiation may play a role in affinity for germ tube attachment. Individual BECs were characterized for differentiation status and rHwp1 binding. rHwp1 bound to the more terminally differentiated cells displaying SPR3 and keratin 13 but not to less differentiated cells with ...

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of candida albicans and its related species candida dubliniensis and candida africana isolated from vulvovaginal samples in a hospital of argentina . Catiana Dudiuk ; Susana Morano ; Soledad Gamarra ; María Elena Nardin ; Emilce Méndez ; Guillermo Garcia-Effron ;Revi. Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Candida albicans is the most pathogenic Candida species but shares many phenotypic features with Candida dubliniensis and may, therefore, be misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Candidemia cases due to C. dubliniensis are increasingly being reported in recent years. Accurate identification is warranted since mortality rates are highest for C. albicans infections, however, C. dubliniensis has the propensity to develop resistance against azoles more easily. We developed a duplex PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of C. albicans from C. dubliniensis for resource-poor settings equipped with basic PCR technology and compared its performance with three phenotypic methods. Duplex PCR was performed on 122 germ tube positive and 12 germ tube negative isolates of Candida species previously identified by assimilation profiles on Vitek 2 ID-YST system. Typical morphologic characteristics on simplified sunflower seed agar (SSA), and reaction with a commercial (Bichro-Dubli) latex

A main characteristic associated with microbial biofilms is their increased resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapies. However, at present very little is known about the phenotypic changes that occur during the transition from the planktonic to the biofilm mode of growth. Candida albicans biofilms …

Candida is a leading cause of late-onset sepsis in premature infants and is thought to invade the host via immature or damaged epithelial barriers. We previously showed that the hyphal form of Candida albicans invades and causes damage to premature intestinal epithelial cells (pIECs), whereas the non-hyphal Candida parapsilosis, also a fungal pathogen of neonates, has less invasion and damage abilities. In this study, we investigated the potential for C. parapsilosis to modulate pathogenic interactions of C. albicans with the premature intestine. While a mixed infection with two fungal pathogens may be expected to result in additive or synergistic damage to pIECs, we instead found that C. parapsilosis was able to protect pIECs from invasion and damage by C. albicans. C. albicans-induced pIEC damage was reduced to a similar extent by multiple different C. parapsilosis strains, but strains differed in their ability to inhibit C. albicans invasion of pIECs, with the inhibitory activity correlating with

TY - JOUR. T1 - Suppressive effects of interleukin-10 on human mononuclear phagocyte function against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. AU - Roilides, Emmanuel. AU - Anastasiou-Katsiardani, Anastasia. AU - Dimitriadou-Georgiadou, Anastasia. AU - Kadiltsoglou, Isaac. AU - Tsaparidou, Sevasti. AU - Panteliadis, Christos. AU - Walsh, Thomas J.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - The effects of interleukin (IL)-10, a potent antiinflammatory cytokine, on human monocyte functions against two medically important pathogens, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, were studied. Incubation with 20- 100 ng/mL IL-10 for 2-3 days decreased the fungicidal activity of monocytes against serum-opsonized C. albicans blastoconidia (P ≤ .04), reduced their capacity to damage unopsonized hyphae (P ≤ .006), and suppressed superoxide anion production in response to phorbol myristate acetate (P = .019) and N- FMLP (P = .04) but not to serum-opsonized blastoconidia. Paradoxically, IL- 10 enhanced phagocytic ...

The Candida albicans vacuole has previously been observed to undergo rapid expansion during the emergence of a germ tube from a yeast cell, to occupy the majority of the parent yeast cell. Furthermore, the yeast-to-hypha switch has been implicated in the virulence of this organism. The class C vps (vacuolar protein sorting) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are defective in multiple protein delivery pathways to the vacuole and prevacuole compartment. In this study C. albicans homologues of the S. cerevisiae class C VPS genes have been identified. Deletion of a C. albicans VPS11 homologue resulted in a number of phenotypes that closely resemble those of the class C vps mutants of S. cerevisiae, including the absence of a vacuolar compartment. The C. albicans vps11Δ mutant also had much-reduced secreted lipase and aspartyl protease activities. Furthermore, vps11Δ strains were defective in yeast-hypha morphogenesis. Upon serum induction of filamentous growth, mutants showed delayed emergence of ...

Nosocomial Candida albicans infections are a significant problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We investigated the clonality of C. albicans isolates recovered over an 8-year period from neonates at a NICU. We also validated multilocus sequence typing (MLST) compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for the genotyping of C. albicans strains from the same NICU. A total of 43 clinical isolates (10 blood, 19 urine, and 14 other) were obtained from 43 neonates between 2005 and 2012. Clonal strains were defined as the isolation of two or more strains with identical or similar genotypes as determined with both MLST and PFGE. Using MLST, the 43 isolates yielded 25 diploid sequence types (DSTs) and 10 DSTs were shared by 28 isolates (65.1%). Among the 28 isolates sharing 10 DSTs, isolates from each of seven DSTs had the same or similar PFGE pattern. In addition, two sets of isolates that differed by MLST at only one locus had the same or similar PFGE pattern. Overall, when the MLST and

TY - JOUR. T1 - Galanin message-associated peptide suppresses growth and the budded-to-hyphal-form transition of Candida albicans. AU - Rauch, Isabella. AU - Lundström, Linda. AU - Hell, Markus. AU - Sperl, Wolfgang. AU - Kofler, Barbara. PY - 2007/11. Y1 - 2007/11. N2 - The expression of the mRNA encoding galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP) in human keratinocytes is upregulated by lipopolysaccharides and exposure to Candida albicans. GMAP has growth-inhibiting activity against C. albicans and inhibits the budded-to-hyphal-form transition, establishing GMAP as a possible new component of the innate immune system.. AB - The expression of the mRNA encoding galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP) in human keratinocytes is upregulated by lipopolysaccharides and exposure to Candida albicans. GMAP has growth-inhibiting activity against C. albicans and inhibits the budded-to-hyphal-form transition, establishing GMAP as a possible new component of the innate immune system.. UR - ...

The fungus C. albicans uses adhesins to interact with human epithelial surfaces in the processes of colonization and pathogenesis. The C. albicans ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) gene family encodes eight large cell-surface glycoproteins (Als1-Als7 and Als9) that have adhesive function. This study utilized C. albicans Δals mutant strains to investigate the role of the Als family in oral epithelial cell adhesion and damage, cytokine induction and activation of a MAPK-based (MKP1/c-Fos) signaling pathway that discriminates between yeast and hyphae. Of the eight Δals mutants tested, only the Δals3 strain showed significant reductions in oral epithelial cell adhesion and damage, and cytokine production. High fungal:epithelial cell multiplicities of infection were able to rescue the cell damage and cytokine production phenotypes, demonstrating the importance of fungal burden in mucosal infections. Despite its adhesion, damage and cytokine induction phenotypes, the Δals3 strain induced MKP1 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression levels of a filament-specific transcriptional regulator are sufficient to determine Candida albicans morphology and virulence. AU - Carlisle, Patricia L.. AU - Banerjee, Mohua. AU - Lazzell, Anna. AU - Monteagudo, Carlos. AU - López-Ribot, José L.. AU - Kadosh, David. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/1/13. Y1 - 2009/1/13. N2 - Candida albicans, the major human fungal pathogen, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from single yeast cells to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments (elongated cells attached end-to-end). Because typical C. albicans infections contain a mixture of these morphologies it has, for many years, been difficult to assess the relative contribution of each form to virulence. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms that determine growth in pseudohyphal and hyphal morphologies are largely unknown. To address these questions we have generated a C. albicans strain that can be genetically manipulated to ...

Seven isolates of Candida stellatoidea were studied for their electrophoretic karyotype, virulence for mice, sensitivity to UV radiation, growth rate in vitro, reaction on cycloheximide-indicator medium, and proteinase activity. The isolates exhibited one of two distinct electrophoretic karyotypes as determined by orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). Four isolates, including the type culture of C. stellatoidea, belonged to electrophoretic karyotype type I by OFAGE, showing eight to nine bands of which at least two bands were less than 1,000 kilobases in size as estimated by comparison with the DNA bands of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These isolates failed to produce fatal infection in mice within 20 days when 5 X 10(5) cells were injected intravenously. The yeasts were cleared from the kidneys of two of three mice tested by day 30. Type I showed proteinase activity on bovine serum albumin agar at pH 3.8 and produced a negative reaction on cycloheximide-bromcresol green medium ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Multigene phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic Candida species in the Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) telluris complex and description of their ascosporic states as Kazachstania bovina sp. nov., K. heterogenica sp. nov., K. pintolopesii sp. nov., and K. slooffiae sp. nov.. AU - Kurtzman, Cletus P.. AU - Robnett, Christie J.. AU - Ward, Jerrold M.. AU - Brayton, Cory. AU - Gorelick, Peter. AU - Walsh, Thomas J.. PY - 2005/1. Y1 - 2005/1. N2 - A yeast causing widespread infection of laboratory mice was identified from 26S rRNA gene sequences as Candida pintolopesii. To determine the relationship of C. pintolopesii with other members of the Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) telluris species complex, nucleotide sequences from domains 1 and 2 of the 26S rRNA gene, the mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA gene, and the RNA polymerase II gene were phylogenetically analyzed. That analysis resolved the 48 strains examined into five closely related species: K. telluris, Candida bovina, C. pintolopesii, Candida ...

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Author Summary Candida albicans is a fungus that normally resides as part of the microflora in the human gut. Candida species can cause superficial infections like thrush in the healthy human population and life-threatening invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Fungal infections are often treated with azole drugs, but due to the fungistatic nature of these agents, C. albicans can develop drug resistance, leading to therapy failure. To improve the action of azoles and convert them into fungicidal drugs, we first systematically analyzed the genetic requirements for tolerance to one such azole drug, fluconazole. We show, both genetically and pharmacologically, that components of the ARF cycling machinery are critical in mediating both azole and echinocandin tolerance in C. albicans as well as several other pathogenic Candida species and in the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. We highlight the importance of ARF cycling in drug resistance by showing that genetic compromise of ARF functions

N-Fuzed Candida is a revolutionary product that infuses the essence of Candida albicans into the crystalline structure of water. Using the same principle as homeopathics, like treats like, N-Fuzed Candida Quick Cleanse supports the bodys immune system in removing Candida from the blood and soft tissues while it helps to restore natural balance in the intestinal tract.* In fact, independent laboratory studies confirm that N-Fuzed Candida inhibits Candida in vitro in just 3 days. What is Candida albicans?. Candida albicans is a naturally occurring genus of yeast that lives in your intestinal tract with many other microorganisms known as probiotics. Problems happen, however, when something upsets the balance of these organisms. Candida begins to multiply and overpopulate. What typically triggers this is the use of pharmaceutical antibiotics or birth control pills. A diet dominated by processed foods, sugar, and alcohol will exasperate this condition significantly ...

This chapter examines how cell identity influences mating-type determination, particularly in fungal pathogens. It explores cases where cell identity plays roles outside of mating type, affects cell morphology, and influences pathogenesis. The chapter begins with a description of cell type determination in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and uses this as a platform for exploring mechanisms in the human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans as well as the plant fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis. It concludes with a short description of the influence of cell identity on the behaviors of several other plant and human fungal pathogens and how cell identity in fungi is evolving to encompass a more diverse array of fungal behaviors. A fungal pathogen in which cell identity determination has come to the fore is in the basidiomycete fungus C. neoformans. There are two obvious possibilities for specifying haploid cell identity: either the pheromone and pheromone receptor alleles

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Candida Albicans enters our bodies as infants during or shortly after we are born. Usually, the growth of the yeast is kept in check by our immune system, but should your immune response weaken, the condition known as oral thrush can occur as a result.. By 6 months of age, 90% of all babies test positive for Candida. And by adulthood, virtually all of us play host to Candida Albicans and are thus engaged in a life-long relationship.. Candida coexists in our bodies with many species of bacteria in a competitive balance. Other bacteria act in part to keep Candida growth in check in our body ecology - unless that balance is upset.. When you enjoy good health, your immune system keeps Candida proliferation under control; but when your immune response is weakened, Candida growth can proceed unhindered.. Candida is an opportunistic organism - BEWARE if it gets out of control!. The rapid and direct proliferation of the yeast following antibiotic use strongly suggests that the problem of Candida is ...

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TAC1 (for transcriptional activator of CDR genes) is critical for the upregulation of the ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, which mediate azole resistance in Candida albicans. While a wild-type TAC1 allele drives high expression of CDR1/2 in response to inducers, we showed previously that TAC1 can be …

Candida albicans has the ability to form hyphae, which is fundamentally linked to the virulence of this organism. Proteomic and microarray analysis revealed the involvement of the genes Orf19.1468 and Orf19.7504 in hypha formation. These two C. albicans genes are predicted to encode Cdc55p and Rts3p respectively, which in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are two components of the protein phosphatase 2A complex. A C. albicans strain lacking RTS3 shows no increased sensitivity to rapamycin, but is more sensitive to nourseothricin than a wild-type strain. In our modified tet-NRG1 strain, hypha formation in embedded conditions is strongly impaired when NRG1 is over-expressed. However, the absence of RTS3 restores the ability to filament under embedded growth conditions as does the over expression of CDC55. However, the response is different than simple oxygen limitation. We are now further examining the specific contributions of these two proteins to hyphal development in C. albicans.

The risk factors for and clinical features of bloodstream infection with uncommon Candida spp. (species other than C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicals and C. krusei) are incompletely defined. To identify clinical variables associated with these species that might guide management, 57 cases of candidaemia resulting from uncommon Candida spp. were analysed in comparison with 517 episodes of Candida albicans candidaemia (2001-2004). Infection with uncommon Candida spp. (5.3% of candidaemia cases), as compared with C. albicans candidaemia, was significantly more likely to be outpatient-acquired than inpatient-acquired (15 of 57 vs. 65 of 517 episodes, p 0.01). Prior exposure to fluconazole was uncommon (n = 1). Candida dubliniensis was the commonest species (n = 22, 39%), followed by Candida guilliermondii (n = 11, 19%) and Candida lusitaniae (n = 7, 12%).C. dubliniensis candidaemia was independently associated with recent intravenous drug use (p 0.01) and chronic liver disease ...

A small number of Candida species form part of the normal microbial flora of mucosal surfaces in humans and may give rise to opportunistic infections when host defences are impaired. Candida albicans is by far the most prevalent commensal and pathogenic Candida species. Several different molecular typing approaches including multilocus sequence typing, multilocus microsatellite typing and DNA fingerprinting using C. albicansspecific repetitive sequence- containing DNA probes have yielded a wealth of information regarding the epidemiology and population structure of this species. Such studies revealed that the C. albicans population structure consists of multiple major and minor clades, some of which exhibit geographical or phenotypic enrichment and that C. albicans reproduction is predominantly clonal. Despite this, losses of heterozygosity by recombination, the existence of a parasexual cycle, toleration of a wide range of aneuploidies and the recent description of viable haploid strains have ...

INTRODUCTION Candidal infection of subcutaneous tissue may result from direct contact, inoculation injury or hematogenous spread1. In some patients, skin lesions may be the only sign of a systemic fungal infection, and prompt recognition of these lesions may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of isolated Candida albicans skin abscess in a critical ill patient. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old white man with tuberculous bowel perforation was admitted after surgery in the intensive care unit with severe sepsis. After recovery of organ failures, a short bowel syndrome developed and the patient needed parental nutrition for a long time. He stayed in the hospital for three months due to surgical wound infection, blood stream infection, pneumonia and catheter associated fungemia by Candida albicans which was treated with endovenous fluconazol. Since the hospitalization, he received various broad spectrum antibiotics, continued parenteral nutrition and malnutrition developed. Four ...