PDF DEERFIELD, Ill. - February 12, 2020 Baxter International Inc. (NYSE: BAX), a global leader in clinical nutrition, today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance of Q-NRG+, a metabolic monitoring device utilizing indirect calorimetry (IC) technology. IC is considered the gold standard1 to accurately measure a patients calorie needs, or resting energy expenditure (REE). These readings can help inform prescription and administration of nutrition therapy, which may include parenteral nutrition (PN), the intravenous administration of nutrients. Q-NRG+ is expected to be available in the United States beginning at the ASPEN 2020 Nutrition Science & Practice Conference taking place March 28 - 31, 2020 in Tampa, Florida.. As part of its partnership with COSMED, Baxter has rights to bring Q-NRG+ to at least 18 markets around the globe, with the potential for further expansion. The 510(k) clearance is the latest regulatory approval for Q-NRG+, which is currently available in ...
A bomb calorimeter is a type of constant-volume calorimeter used in measuring the heat of combustion of a particular reaction. Bomb calorimeters have to withstand the large pressure within the calorimeter as the reaction is being measured. Electrical energy is used to ignite the fuel; as the fuel is burning, it will heat up the surrounding air, which expands and escapes through a tube that leads the air out of the calorimeter. When the air is escaping through the copper tube it will also heat up the water outside the tube. The change in temperature of the water allows for calculating calorie content of the fuel. In more recent calorimeter designs, the whole bomb, pressurized with excess pure oxygen (typically at 30atm) and containing a weighed mass of a sample (typically 1-1.5 g) and a small fixed amount of water (to saturate the internal atmosphere, thus ensuring that all water produced is liquid, and removing the need to include enthalpy of vaporization in calculations), is submerged under a ...
The present study demonstrates that overweight and obese Caucasians with type 2 diabetes have a 7% higher 24-h energy expenditure after adjustment for FFM, fat mass, SPA, sex, and age than overweight and obese individuals without diabetes. Our result is higher than earlier reports of 2-5% higher 24-h energy expenditure in diabetic Pima Indians (8,9). However, it has been reported that healthy Pima Indians have higher adjusted 24-h energy expenditure than Caucasians (23). Therefore, the relative increase in 24-h energy expenditure when developing type 2 diabetes may be less in Pima Indians. Thus, overall our findings are in agreement with other studies where individuals with type 2 diabetes under a strict but low physical activity level have a higher 24-h energy expenditure than healthy nondiabetic individuals (6-9,12,13).. It is notable that the nondiabetic subjects were younger than the type 2 diabetic subjects. However, this is unlikely to have any effect on the results, because age was not an ...
Resting energy expenditure represent the amount of energy expended by a person a day at rest. Here are 9 factors which determine your REE.
The current study aimed to show the validity of a portable motion sensor, the SenseWear Armband (SWA), for the estimation of energy expenditure during pole walking. Twenty healthy adults (mean ± SD: age 30.1 ± 7.2 year, body mass 66.1 ± 10.6 kg, height 172.4 ± 8.0 cm, BMI 22.1 ± 2.4 kg·m−2) wore the armband during randomized pole walking activities at a constant speed (1.25 m·s−1) and at seven grades (0%, ±5%, ±15% and ±25%). Estimates of total energy expenditure from the armband were compared with values derived from indirect calorimetry methodology (IC) using a 2-way mixed model ANOVA (Device × Slope), correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Results revealed significant main effects for device, and slope (p , .025) as well as a significant interaction (p , .001). Significant differences between IC and SWA were observed for all conditions (p , .05). SWA generally underestimate the EE values during uphill PW by 0.04 kcal·kg−1·min−1 (p , .05). Whereas, a significant ...
Discover COSMED Q-NRG, the first Indirect Calorimeter specifically intended for the measurement of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in patients who are mechanically ventilated or spontaneously breathing and for healthy subjects.. Q-NRG is a unique product, the result of COSMEDs collaboration with world-class institutes in the field of nutrition support in intensive care units.. Interested in promoting COSMED products? Fill the online form: click ...
The reliability of predictive equations versus indirect calorimetry in kidney injury patients has been assessed in this paper published in Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism Journal.
Several methods to estimate Energy Expenditure (EE) using body-worn sensors exist, however quantifications of the differences in estimation error are missing. In this paper, we compare three prevalent EE estimation methods and five body locations to provide a basis for selecting among methods, sensors number and positioning. We considered (a) counts-based estimation methods, (b) activity-specific estimation methods using METs lookup, and (c) activity-specific estimation methods using accelerometer features. The latter two estimation methods utilize subsequent activity classification and EE estimation steps. Furthermore, we analyzed accelerometer sensors number and on-body positioning to derive optimal EE estimation results during various daily activities. To evaluate our approach, we implemented a study with 15 participants that wore five accelerometer sensors while performing a wide range of sedentary, household, lifestyle, and gym activities at different intensities. Indirect calorimetry was ...
The Quark RMR is a state-of-the-art metabolic cart for expired gas exchange analysis (VO2, VCO2) either during resting or (optionally) exercise protocols. Its high quality components, simplified calibration protocols, easy maintenance and huge configuration options make the Quark RMR the most suitable metabolic cart for applied research in human physiology. Quark RMR accuracy and reliability have been validated against Gold Standard methods either with spontaneously breathing subjects and with mechanically assisted patients ...
Expert Richard Weil answers this question. Answer: You can estimate your basal metabolic rate by using the Harris-Benedict equation. The BMR is the rate at which your body burns calories to sustain life and is roughly 50-80 calories per hour in most people, which is 1,200 to 1,920 calories burned all day.. ...
BMR = 10W + H - 5A - Revised Harris-Benedict Equation: For men: Calorie counting with the intent of losing weight, on its simplest levels, can be. Apr 29, - THE COST: To show how small math errors can carry a heavy price, weve cast you as this guy: Youre 35 years old, weigh (5 pounds.
This should have been published in the journal of broscience. The idea that fat free mass, by determining basal energy expenditure, will prevent body fat rebound is patent nonsense. Why do bodybuilders need a cutting phase, if this is true? Should be enough to cut once, and then the recomposed body ought to take care of itself. You might get to eat more while starving yourself to stay lean, but I doubt that will make the resulting hunger any more enjoyable. (I find when I need more, more seems like less anyways... so getting to eat more might not really amount to much, anyways).. ReplyDelete ...
Reaction calorimeters uncover potential safety issues and provide process information under using real time heat flow or heat flux calorimetry.
In the present paper the dynamic properties of nonisothermal-nonadiabatic calorimeters have been analysed. In these calorimeters the thermal effect produced is partly accumulated in the calorimetric vessel, and partly transmitted to the shield with constant temperature. The generalized equation of the heat balance and the equation of the dynamics have been given for this type of calorimeter. The dependence between the course of the thermal effectQ in timet as a function of the temperature changesν of the calorimeter has been presented. DependencesQ(t)=f[ν(t)] for a calorimeter with different domain configurations distinguished in it, and with different mutual locations of heat sources and temperature sensor have been given. Practical application of the considerations presented has been given. ...
A respiration calorimeter of the Atwater-Rosa-Benedict type designed for use with dogs and children; with demonstration Experimental Biology and Medicine Sage Publications 1535-3702 1535-3699 10.3181/00379727-8-34
A group of investigators,[2][3] headed by Zvi Shkedi, from Massachusetts, USA, built in 1991-1993 well-insulated cells and calorimeters which included the capability to measure the actual Faraday efficiency in real time during the experiments. The cells were of the light-water type; with a fine-wire nickel cathode; a platinum anode; and K2CO3 electrolyte. The calorimeters were calibrated to an accuracy of 0.02% of input power. The long-term stability of the calorimeters was verified over a period of 9 months of continuous operation. In their publication, the investigators show details of their calorimeters design and teach the technology of achieving high calorimetric accuracy. ...
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BMR is measured using indirect calorimetry, which calculates heat production via measurement of VO2 and VCO2. A number of methods exists depending on whether the patient is intubated or not, or whether they are requring supplementary oxygen.. In general:. ...
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We report on a novel trigger for the liquid argon calorimeter which was installed in the H1 Experiment at HERA. This trigger, called the Jet Trigger, was ...
Nowadays, however, it is normally assumed to be inherently negative: often the term stress describes the animals state when it is challenged beyond its behavioural and physiological capacity to adapt to its environment. Stress demands a redistribution of resources and a rise in energy expenditure ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Nonprotein caloric requirements for patients with pancreatic abscess as measured by indirect calorimetry. AU - Arouni, M. A.. AU - Fagan, D. R.. AU - Jasnowski, J.. AU - Watson, P.. AU - Lanspa, Stephen J.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - Few data exist regarding nutritional assessment during pancreatic abscess. We compared nonprotein caloric requirements calculated by Harris-Benedict equation and measured by indirect calorimetry in patients with pancreatic abscess. Seven patients with pancreatitis and pancreatic abscess had determinations of resting energy expenditure via Medicor metabolic cart with 20% added for activity. Caloric requirements were also estimated using the Harris-Benedict equation with stress factors. Determinations from indirect calorimetry ranged from 22.4-46.8 (mean 36.1) kcal/kg/d. Harris-Benedict calculations with stress factor 1.7 differed from indirect calorimetry by at least 15% in seven of ten determinations. Stress factor 1.9 results overestimated indirect ...
Looking for online definition of resting energy expenditure in the Medical Dictionary? resting energy expenditure explanation free. What is resting energy expenditure? Meaning of resting energy expenditure medical term. What does resting energy expenditure mean?
1. Our objectives were to measure total energy expenditure, the daily variation in total energy expenditure and the physical activity level in a group of HIV-positive subjects using the bicarbonate-urea method. The study also aimed to asses the practicalities of using the bicarbonate-urea technique in free-living conditions. 2. Total energy expenditure was measured with the bicarbonate-urea method over 2 consecutive days (1 day in one subject) in 10 male patients with HIV infection (median CD4 count = 30). Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Physical activity level (total energy expenditure/resting energy expenditure) was calculated from these measurements and from activity diaries. 3. Resting energy expenditure was found to be 7.46 +/- 0.87 MJ/day, 5% higher than predicted values. Total energy expenditure was 10.69 +/- 1.95 MJ/day with an intra-individual day-to-day variation of 6 +/- 6%. The measured physical activity level was 1.42 +/- 0.14, higher than the diary estimate
Overweight, energy expenditure and caloric intake are associated with an increased prevalence of asthma. To measure resting energy expenditure and calculate caloric intake of overweight adolescents with asthma and compare results with those of groups of well-nourished adolescents with asthma and overweight adolescents without asthma. Cross-sectional study with 69 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years divided into three matched groups. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric and body composition measurements. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure energy expenditure; caloric intake was estimated from dietary recalls. In each group, there were 23 adolescents (10 girls) aged 12.39±2.40 years. Results for each group (overweight adolescents with asthma; well-nourished adolescents with asthma; and overweight adolescents without asthma) were, respectively: Body mass index = 24.83±2.73 kg/m2, 19.01±2.10 kg/m2, and 25.35±3.66 kg/m2; resting energy expenditure (REE) = 1550.24±547.23 ...
Physical activity is an important non-therapeutic tool in primary prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). To improve activity-based health management, patients need to quantify activity-related energy expenditure and the other components of total daily energy expenditure. This review explores differences between the components of total energy expenditure in patients with DM and healthy people and presents various tools for assessing the energy expenditure in subjects with DM. From this review, it appears that patients with uncontrolled DM have a higher basal energy expenditure than healthy people which must be considered in the establishment of new basal energy expenditure estimate equations. Moreover, studies showed a lower activity energy expenditure in patients with DM than in healthy ones. This difference may be partially explained by patient with DMs poor compliance with exercise recommendations and their greater participation in lower intensity activities. These specificities of
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between body fat distribution and resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese women. Abdominal adiposity was determined by six different methods: waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), sagittal diameter (SD), waist circumference, sagittal diameter/height (SD/H), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and the conicity index (CI). REE was determined by indirect calorimetry. When age, fat free mass, and fat mass were controlled for, SD and SD/H were the only anthropometric measures to correlate with REE at r = 0.63, P | .01 and r = 0.55, P | .05, respectively.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Energy intake and resting energy expenditure in adult male rats after early postnatal food restriction. AU - Remmers, F.. AU - Schreuder, M.F.. AU - Gemke, R.J.B.J.. AU - Delemarre-van d Waal, H.A.. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. U2 - 10.1017/S0007114507843546. DO - 10.1017/S0007114507843546. M3 - Article. C2 - 17925052. VL - 99. SP - 1149. EP - 1156. JO - British Journal of Nutrition. JF - British Journal of Nutrition. SN - 0007-1145. IS - 5. ER - ...
The ability to assess energy expenditure (EE) and estimate physical activity (PA) in free-living individuals is extremely important in the global context of non-communicable diseases including malnutrition, overnutrition (obesity), and diabetes. It is also important to appreciate that PA and EE are different constructs with PA defined as any bodily movement that results in EE and accordingly, energy is expended as a result of PA. However, total energy expenditure, best assessed using the criterion doubly labeled water (DLW) technique, includes components in addition to physical activity energy expenditure, namely resting energy expenditure and the thermic effect of food. Given the large number of assessment techniques currently used to estimate PA in humans, it is imperative to understand the relative merits of each. The goal of this review is to provide information on the utility and limitations of a range of objective measures of PA and their relationship with EE. The measures discussed include those
The inaccuracy of resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction formulae to calculate energy metabolism in children may lead to either under- or overestimated...
In the present study, we found that individuals with COPD had higher REE and resting carbohydrate oxidation than the controls, regardless of body composition, since both groups had similar muscle mass.. Other studies have also found that patients with COPD have higher REE (approximately 15 to 26%) [6, 19]. The greater energy expenditure of individuals with COPD is probably due to increased respiratory muscle effort and inflammatory mediators, in addition to the effects of medication (oral or systemic corticosteroids, theophylline, hormones, benzodiazepines and antipsychotics) [19-21].. This study found that mean RQ and carbohydrate oxidation were higher in the COPD group, while fat oxidation was similar in both groups. Increased carbohydrate oxidation in the COPD group was probably caused by increased anaerobic metabolism due to reduced ability to capture oxygen [22]. When carbohydrates are oxidized in the absence of oxygen, only 2 ATP molecules per millimol of carbohydrates are generated, while ...
Looking for online definition of metabolic respiratory quotient in the Medical Dictionary? metabolic respiratory quotient explanation free. What is metabolic respiratory quotient? Meaning of metabolic respiratory quotient medical term. What does metabolic respiratory quotient mean?
TY - JOUR. T1 - Resting metabolic rate and anthropometry in older people. T2 - A comparison of measured and calculated values. AU - Reidlinger, D P. AU - Willis, J M. AU - Whelan, K. N1 - © 2014 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.. PY - 2015/2. Y1 - 2015/2. N2 - BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of energy expenditure and anthropometry in older people is important for targeted nutritional support. The present study aimed to compare measured and calculated resting metabolic rate (m-RMR and c-RMR) and measured, calculated and estimated weight and height in older people aged ≥70 years.METHODS: Participants were healthy older people aged ≥70 years. Indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood calorimeter was performed for 30 min on fasted participants, and was compared with c-RMR, as calculated using six commonly used equations. Measured, calculated and estimated height and weight were compared.RESULTS: Subjects comprised 14 males and 20 females and mean (SD) m-RMR was 5243 (845) kJ day(-1) ...
The basal energy expenditure of 10 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) C-peptide-negative diabetic patients (2042 +/- 62 kcal/24 h) was found to be significantly higher than the 1774 +/- 52 kcal/24 h predicted from their age, sex and body surface area (p less than 0.01). Intravenous insulin treatment signifi …
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A novel calibration system based on a radio-frequency-quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been installed in the L3 experiment. Radiative capture of 1.85 MeV protons from the RFQ accelerator in a lithium target produces a high-intensity flux of 17.6 MeV photons which are used to calibrate 11,000 crystals of the L3 BGO calorimeter. In this paper, we present results of the first fully successful RFQ run, taken in November 1997. We achieved a calibration precision of 0.6% in the barrel and 0.7% in the endcaps of the L3 BGO calorimeter. The RFQ-97 calibration proved to be the best one of all calibration techniques used in the L3 experiment. ...
Previous studies have reported that walking cadence (steps/min) is associated with absolutely-defined intensity (metabolic equivalents; METs), such that cadence-based thresholds could serve as reasonable proxy values for ambulatory intensities. To establish definitive heuristic (i.e., evidence-based, practical, rounded) thresholds linking cadence with absolutely-defined moderate (3 METs) and vigorous (6 METs) intensity. In this laboratory-based cross-sectional study, 76 healthy adults (10 men and 10 women representing each 5-year age-group category between 21 and 40 years, BMI = 24.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2) performed a series of 5-min treadmill bouts separated by 2-min rests. Bouts began at 0.5 mph and increased in 0.5 mph increments until participants: 1) chose to run, 2) achieved 75% of their predicted maximum heart rate, or 3) reported a Borg rating of perceived exertion | 13. Cadence was hand-tallied, and intensity (METs) was measured using a portable indirect calorimeter. Optimal cadence thresholds for
Thirteen physically active, eumenorrheic, normal-weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) females, aged 18-30 years, completed 4 experimental conditions, with the order based on a Latin Square Design: (a) CHO/Ex: moderate-intensity exer-· cise (65% V̇O2peak) with a net energy cost of ~500 kcals, during which time the subject consumed a carbohydrate beverage (45 g CHO) at specific time intervals; (b) CHO/NoEx: a period of time identical to (a) but with subjects consuming the carbohydrate while sitting quietly rather than exercising; (c) NoCHO/ Ex: same exercise protocol as condition (a) during which time subjects consumed a non-caloric placebo beverage; and (d) NoCHO/NoEx: same as the no-exercise condition (b) but with subjects consuming a non-caloric placebo beverage. Energy expenditure, and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates for the entire exercise/sitting period plus a 90-min recovery period were determined by continuous indirect calorimetry. Following recovery, subjects ate ad libitum amounts of food ...
The Science of Human Energy Expenditure - Part III In Part II of this series on energy expenditure, we turned our attention to the measurement of free
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cytokine Stimulation of Energy Expenditure through p38 MAP Kinase Activation of PPARγ Coactivator-1. AU - Puigserver, Pere. AU - Rhee, James. AU - Lin, Jiandie. AU - Wu, Zhidan. AU - Yoon, J. Cliff. AU - Zhang, Chen Yu. AU - Krauss, Stefan. AU - Mootha, Vamsi K.. AU - Lowell, Bradford B.. AU - Spiegelman, Bruce M.. PY - 2001/11/21. Y1 - 2001/11/21. N2 - Cachexia is a chronic state of negative energy balance and muscle wasting that is a severe complication of cancer and chronic infection. While cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNFα can mediate cachectic states, how these molecules affect energy expenditure is unknown. We show here that many cytokines activate the transcriptional PPAR gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) through phosphorylation by p38 kinase, resulting in stabilization and activation of PGC-1 protein. Cytokine or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells or muscle in vivo causes increased respiration and expression of genes linked ...
Heat Capacity of Calorimeter - RF power may be directly converted into heat. Water acts as the load, and RF power may be used to heat an element such as
Its has a lower density which suggests a lower weight for the calorimeter with pure CsI. Its higher refractive index indicates that it would be easier to achieve better light collection uniformity for tapered pure CsI crystals like the pion beta modules. Finally, pure CsI has a long nuclear interaction length and consequently, there would be fewer hadronic interactions in CsI, especially in the pion beta modules. Some other properties of undoped CsI include radiation hardness and temperature dependence of the light output. Wei and Zhu observed a continuous decrease in the light yield of undoped CsI after 1 kRads [Wei-92]. According to their findings, pure CsI can sustain high counting rates up to 10 kRads. Woody et al. reported an increase in the light yield and the decay time of the fast component of pure CsI, and a shift to longer wavelengths at low temperatures Woo-90. A tomography system has been designed and is in operation at the Paul Scherrer Institute with the objective to examine the ...
When 22.7mL of o.500 M H2SO4 is added to 22.7mL of 1.00 M KOH in a coffee-cup calorimeter at 23.50 degrees Celsius, the temperature rises to 30.17 degrees Celsius. Calculate the delta h of this reaction. (Assume that the total volume ...
Metabolic Calculations - Purpose. Estimate energy expenditure during steady state exercise. Importance of Metabolic Calculations. It is imperative that the exercise physiologist is able to interpret test results and estimate energy expenditure. Optimizing exercise protocols. Slideshow 5638666 by mrinal
BMR Calculator is a Windows software program designed to calculate your Basal Metabolic Rate the amount of calories required to sustain life in your body when at rest Both health care professionals like dietitians and their patients who
The Harris-Benedict formula is used to determine your basal metabolic rate (BMR). Add your active metabolic rate and you have your daily calorie need.
Stable isotope tracers and indirect calorimetry were used to evaluate the progressive alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism after 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, 54, and 72 h of fasting in six healthy male volunteers. The rates of appearance (Ra) of glycerol and palmitic acid in plasma doubled from 2.08 + …
This respirometry course - held in Las Vegas, NV - teaches participants how to measure metabolic rates using indirect calorimetry. We will apply techniques for measuring real-time O2 consumption, CO2 production and water vapor loss for subjects ranging from small invertebrates to large mammals. Participants can work with single animal and high through-put systems in both open-flow and stop-flow.. Hands On: The course leads participants through all steps of setting up apparatus, configuring data acquisition, acquiring data, and analyzing data both manually and automatically.. Cost: $2,140 per participant. Included in this fee are all laboratory costs and course materials.. ...
This respirometry course - held in Las Vegas, NV - teaches participants how to measure metabolic rates using indirect calorimetry. We will apply techniques for measuring real-time O2 consumption, CO2 production and water vapor loss for subjects ranging from small invertebrates to large mammals. Participants can work with single animal and high through-put systems in both open-flow and stop-flow.. Hands On: The course leads participants through all steps of setting up apparatus, configuring data acquisition, acquiring data, and analyzing data both manually and automatically.. Cost: $2,140 per participant. Included in this fee are all laboratory costs and course materials.. ...
Worldwide leaders in cardiopulmonary and metabolic diagnostics, including spirometry, pulmonary function, indirect calorimetry, exercise testing, body composition.
Learn you Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Calculate your RMR here, BMR calculator will tell you how many calories (kilojoules) you burn in a day.
I did an experiment using a calorimeter to determine the energy produced when certain salts are mixed with water. How do you calculate the energy absorbed when mixing salts with water that produce an endothermic reaction, make thing the water cold, but with regards to calorimetry? I dont know how to get the energy but I know how to get the molar enthalpy, but I am still confused, if I calculate just for energy using q=mct I feel like Im not taking into consideration everything regarding
Your BMR (basal metabolic rate) is the rate at which you expend calories while resting. This rate assumes youre resting at room temperature during the post-absorptive stage of digestion, meaning ...
Basal Metabolic Rate of 1,808 means that your body will burn 1,808 calories each day if you engage in no activity for the entire day.
Basal Metabolic Rate of 1,324 means that your body will burn 1,324 calories each day if you engage in no activity for the entire day.
Use the basal metabolic rate calculator to find out how many calories or kilojoules your body needs at rest. Input your height, weight, age and gender to find out.
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Het Slangen Armband, geïnspireerd op de tuin van Eden, is gemaakt van een leren band en afgewerkt met 24 karaat gouden afgewerkte details.. Met liefde handgemaakt in Europa.. ...
MicroCal DSC Microcalorimeters - Gold standard label-free protein stability analysis for regulated biopharmaceutical and biosimilar development and manufacture
Entering and staying inside Kolorádó is only allowed with a valid armband that you get in exchange for your ticket at the entrance. Keep the original tickets by all means so you can get your armband! Organizers will monitor the validity of armbands at the entrances, exits and around the festival area. If youre not wearing it or its invalid, you are obligated to leave the area of the event. Make sure you take care of your armband, because if it tears or gets damaged and you leave the site, we cannot guarantee your re-entry to the festival. We do not take responsibility for any inconvenience caused by such events. ...
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