Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induce Osteoarthritis-Associated Changes in Chondrocyte Phenotype through Activation of Calcium/Calmodulin Kinase ...
For subunit vaccines, adjuvants play a key role in shaping the magnitude, persistence and form of targeted antigen-specific immune response. Flagellin is a potent immune activator by bridging innate inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity and an adjuvant candidate for clinical application. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles are efficient carriers for different biomolecules like DNA, RNA, peptides and proteins. Flagellin-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles were prepared and their immunostimulatory effect on the innate immune system, i.e. the cytokine production, was studied. They induced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 (Caco-2 cells) and IL-1β (bone marrow-derived macrophages; BMDM) in vitro and IL-6 in vivo after intraperitoneal injection in mice. The immunostimulation was more pronounced than with free flagellin.
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Hydrogen ChlorideDicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Hydrogen Chloride Feb 12 2019 Some calcium phosphate salts can be anhydrous meanin
The kinetics of growth of calcium phosphates on synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP), human enamel, whole dentin, and human calculus has been studied at 37 C at pH values from 4.97 to 5.10 held constant by the pH-stat addition of base. Following an initial induction period, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystallization takes place on the surface of these solids in all cases, even though the solutions are highly supersaturated with respect to HAP. The second order crystal growth kinetics are characteristic of the crystallization of DCPD on pure DCPD seed material. The ability of the substrate surfaces to nucleate DCPD falls in the order, synthetic HAP greater than enamel greater than calculus greater than dentin. Nucleation of DCPD, which is completed during the initial induction period, is very sensitive to small changes in pH, from 4.99 to 5.10.
Several studies demonstrated that the use of graft material has better clinical results for the treatment of intrabony defects. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of alloplast (Biphasic calcium phosphate) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. A split mouth study was conducted in 20 subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis presenting atleast two intrabony defects in either arch. One quadrant (Site A) received alloplast (Biphasic calcium phosphate) and the contralateral defect (Site B) received DFDBA. The results of study showed that clinically Site B (DFDBA) showed greater reduction in pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level than site A (Biphasic calcium phosphate), however it was not statistically significant. Site A (Biphasic calcium phosphate) showed slightly more gingival marginal recession than Site B (DFDBA). Radiographically Site B (DFDBA) showed greater bone fill ...
TY - GEN. T1 - In vitro assessment of osteoblastic differentiation of encapsulated stromal cells in alginate/octacalcium phosphate. AU - Endo, Kosei. AU - Anada, Takahisa. AU - Yamada, Masumi. AU - Seki, Minoru. AU - Sasaki, Keiichi. AU - Suzuki, Osamu. PY - 2015/1/9. Y1 - 2015/1/9. N2 - This study was designed to investigate whether octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in alginate (Alg) composite promotes osteoblastic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal ST-2 cells and composite releases the cells outside after incubation. The results suggested that Alg/OCP composite could be a good device for bone tissue engineering.. AB - This study was designed to investigate whether octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in alginate (Alg) composite promotes osteoblastic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal ST-2 cells and composite releases the cells outside after incubation. The results suggested that Alg/OCP composite could be a good device for bone tissue engineering.. UR - ...
Nacre-like structures have attracted great interest in recent years due to their outstanding toughness, stiffness and impact resistance. However, there is a challenge associated with engineering nacre-like calcium phosphate crystals. In this study, thin nacreous-like monetite sheets were synthesized in solutions guided by a surfactant. The influence of temperature, initial pH, Ca/P ratio, stirring time and the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the nacre-like structure has been studied. Findings showed that a nacre-like structure could only be formed at a high temperature (90 °C), high initial pH (11), sufficient stirring time (3 h), and under the presence of CTAB. A small-angle X-ray scattering experiment carried out at a synchrotron radiation facility showed that the distance between nanolayers was around 2.6 nm and TEM confirmed the fine sheet-like structure. The mechanism of the formation the nacre-like structure and its characterization were discussed.. ...
Page contains details about Texas Red-labeled DiI-loaded lipid-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals, including hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and carbonate-apatite, have been associated with severe osteoarthritis and several degenerative arthropathies. Most studies have considered the chondrocyte to be a bystander in the pathogenesis of calcium crystal deposition disease, assuming that synovial cell cytokines were the only triggers of chondrocyte activation. In the present study we identified direct activation of articular chondrocytes by OCP crystals, which are the BCP crystals with the greatest potential for inducing inflammation. OCP crystals induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA expression by isolated articular chondrocytes and cartilage fragments, in a dose-dependent manner and with variations over time. OCP crystals also induced IL-1beta mRNA expression. Using pharmacological and cytokine inhibitors, we observed that OCP crystals induced NO production and inducible NOS mRNA activation were regulated
There are several different types of calcium phosphate crystals. They seem to be differently described as amorphous phosphate and calcium phosphate. Excepting brushite the calcium phosphate crystals tend to form themselves in alkaline urine. Amorphous phosphates which are being observed through an optical microscope resembles to amorphous urates (fig. 18-21). Though amorphous phosphates are typically forming themselves in alkaline urine and are dissolving themselves in acetic acid. Urates on the other hand often have yellow grainy appearance and arent dissolving in acetic acid but in lyes at a temperature of 60°C. Scanning electron microscope pictures from amorphous phosphates which have been found in human urine reveal that they usually appear spherical but may also take the form of a ring or mold. Only in dogs have we observed the spherical habit of calcium phosphate. Calcium phosphate may also form long thin colourless prisms sometimes with pointed ends. These crystals can agglomerate to ...
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Tetracalcium phosphate is the compound Ca4(PO4)2O, (4CaO.P2O5). It is the most basic of the calcium phosphates, and has a Ca/P ratio of 2, making it the most phosphorus poor phosphate. It is found as the mineral hilgenstockite, which is formed in industrial phosphate rich slag (called Thomas slag). This slag was used as a fertiliser due to the higher solubility of tetracalcium phosphate relative to apatite minerals. Tetracalcium phosphate is a component in some calcium phosphate cements that have medical applications. Tetracalcium phosphate cannot be prepared in aqueous solution, any precipitates having the correct Ca/P ratio contain hydroxide ions in apatitic phases. Solid state reactions are used, one example is: 2CaHPO4 + 2CaCO3 → Ca4(PO4)2O + CO2 +H2O (1450-1500 °C for up to 12 hours) As tetracalcium phosphate is metastable the molten reaction mixture has to be quenched to rapidly, reduce the temperature and prevent the formation of other compounds such as Ca3(PO4)2, CaO, CaCO3 and ...
Porous calcium phosphate implant compositions that approximate the chemical composition of natural bone mineral are provided. In addition to calcium phosphate, the compositions include an effervescent agent to promote the formation of interconnected pores and a cohesiveness agent to maintain the shape and hardness of the hardened composition. When introduced at an implant site, the calcium phosphate compositions are remodeled into bone. Methods for using the calcium phosphate compositions, e.g., to repair or replace bone, are also provided.
A calcium phosphate cement suitable for use in dental and bone prosthesis is disclosed, which include calcium phosphate particles having a diameter of 0.05 to 100 microns, wherein said calcium phosphate particles on their surfaces have whiskers or fine crystals having a width ranging from 1 to 100 nm and a length ranging from 1 to 1000 nm.
Transfection of DNA into cells is an indispensible protocol in molecular biology. While plenty of lipid-based transfection reagents are commercially available nowadays, a quick, simple, efficient and inexpensive method is to transfect eukaryotic cells via calcium phosphate co-precipitation with DNA (Graham and van der Eb, 1973). The insoluble calcium phosphate precipitate with the attached DNA adheres to the cell surface and is brought into the cells by endocytosis. Calcium phosphate transfection has been optimized and widely used with many adherent and nonadherent cell lines (Jordan et al., 1996). Calcium phosphate transfection can result in transient expression of the delivered DNA in the target cell, or establishment of stable cell lines (the latter requires a drug selection process). This protocol is also widely used for co-expression of plasmids for packaging viruses. Efficiency of transfection can be close to 100% depending on the cell lines used. Here, a calcium phosphate transfection protocol is
We, s r chemicals is one of the ISO 9001:2008 certified prominent leading Manufacturer, Supplier and Exporter of Tri Sodium Phosphate Crystals,The Tri Sodium Phosphate Crystals are widely used by the patrons and comprehended for their purity features, availability in different colors, crystalline, powdered and liquid form and reasonable boiling point
TY - JOUR. T1 - Late-term healing in an augmented sinus with different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate. T2 - A pilot study using a rabbit sinus model. AU - Lim, Hyun Chang. AU - Hong, Ji Youn. AU - Lee, Jung Seok. AU - Jung, Ui Won. AU - Choi, Seong Ho. PY - 2016/1/1. Y1 - 2016/1/1. N2 - Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of augmented sinuses using different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in a rabbit sinus model. Methods: Each sinus of New Zealand white rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) was assigned to one of two groups: BCP with a hydroxyapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate (HA:β-TCP) ratio of 70:30 (group TCP30) and BCP with an HA:β-TCP ratio of 30:70 (group TCP70). After preparing a window in the antral wall of a sinus, the Schneiderian membrane was elevated, and the applicable material was grafted. A fluorochrome calcein green was injected five days before euthanizing the animals at four months post-surgery. The specimens ...
Powders composed of four morphologically different calcium phosphate particles were prepared by precipitation from aqueous solutions: flaky, brick-like, elongated orthogonal, and spherical. The particles were then loaded with either clindamycin phosphate as the antibiotic of choice, or fluorescein, a model molecule used to assess the drug release properties. A comparison was carried out of the comparative effect of such antibiotic-releasing materials on: sustained drug release profiles; Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition; and osteogenic propensities in vitro. Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of various calcium phosphate phases, including monetite (flaky and elongated orthogonal particles), octacalcium phosphate (brick-shaped particles) and hydroxyapatite (spherical particles). Testing the antibiotic-loaded calcium phosphate powders for bacterial growth inhibition demonstrated satisfying antibacterial properties both in broths and on agar plates. All four calcium-phosphate
The gold standard for bone replacement today, autologous bone, suffers from several disadvantages, such as the increased risk of infection due to the need for two surgeries. Degradable synthetic materials with properties similar to bone, such as calcium phosphate cements, are a promising alternative. Calcium phosphate cements are suited for a limited amount of applications and improving their physical properties could extend their use into areas previously not considered possible. For example, cement with increased strength could be used as load bearing support in selected applications. The focus of this thesis is, therefore, on how the physical properties of acidic calcium phosphate cements (brushite cements) are affected by compositional variations, with the ultimate aim of making it possible to formulate brushite cements with desired properties.. In this thesis a method to measure the porosity of a cement was developed. This method is advantageous over existing methods as it is easy to use, ...
The gold standard for bone replacement today, autologous bone, suffers from several disadvantages, such as the increased risk of infection due to the need for two surgeries. Degradable synthetic materials with properties similar to bone, such as calcium phosphate cements, are a promising alternative. Calcium phosphate cements are suited for a limited amount of applications and improving their physical properties could extend their use into areas previously not considered possible. For example, cement with increased strength could be used as load bearing support in selected applications. The focus of this thesis is, therefore, on how the physical properties of acidic calcium phosphate cements (brushite cements) are affected by compositional variations, with the ultimate aim of making it possible to formulate brushite cements with desired properties.. In this thesis a method to measure the porosity of a cement was developed. This method is advantageous over existing methods as it is easy to use, ...
Characterization of the intricate pore structure of calcium phosphate cements is a key step to successfully link the structural properties of these synthetic bone grafts with their most relevant properties, such as in vitro or in vivo behaviour, drug loading and release properties, or degradation over time. This is a challenging task due to the wide range of pore sizes in calcium phosphate cements, compared to most other ceramic biomaterials. This work provides a critical assessment of three different techniques based on different physical phenomena, namely mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), Nitrogen sorption, and thermoporometry (TPM) for the detailed characterization of four calcium phosphate cements with different textural properties in terms of total porosity, pore size distribution (PSD), and pore entrance size distribution (PESD). MIP covers a much wider size range than TPM and Nitrogen sorption, offering more comprehensive information at the micrometer level. TPM, and especially ...
In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as
TY - JOUR. T1 - Fibronectin-calcium phosphate composite layer on hydroxyapatite to enhance adhesion, cell spread and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. AU - Sogo, Yu. AU - Ito, Atsuo. AU - Matsuno, Tomonori. AU - Oyane, Ayako. AU - Tamazawa, Gaku. AU - Satoh, Tazuko. AU - Yamazaki, Atsushi. AU - Uchimura, Eiji. AU - Ohno, Tadao. PY - 2007/6/1. Y1 - 2007/6/1. N2 - Fibronectin (Fn) and type I collagen (Col) were immobilized on a surface of a hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic by coprecipitation with calcium phosphate in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution prepared by mixing clinically approved infusion fluids. These proteins and the calcium phosphate precipitate formed a composite surface layer. As a result, the proteins were immobilized firmly as not to be released completely for 3 d in a physiological salt solution. When human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on a HAP ceramic in a differentiation medium supplemented with dexamethasone, ...
A calcium phosphate cement suitable for use in dental and bone prosthesis is disclosed, which include calcium phosphate particles having a diameter of 0.05 to 100 microns, wherein said calcium phosphate particles on their surfaces have whiskers or fine crystals having a width ranging from 1 to 100 nm and a length ranging from 1 to 1000 nm.
A polymer scaffold is provided comprising an extensively interconnected macroporous network. The polymer scaffold embodies macropores having a diameter in a range of 0.5-3.5 mm, and preferably in a range of about 1.0-2.0 mm. The polymer scaffold is prepared using a novel process which advantageously combines the techniques of particulate leaching and phase inversion to render a process that provides amplified means by which to control the morphology of the resulting polymer scaffold. The polymer scaffold has utility in the area of tissue engineering, particularly as a scaffold for both in vitro and in vivo cell growth. The polymer scaffold may be produced using pure polymer or alternatively a composite material may be formed consisting of a macroporous polymer scaffold and osteoclast-resorbable calcium phosphate particles with a binding agent binding the calcium phosphate particles to the polymer scaffold.
The anatomical grading parameter angulation (valgus/varus) (abnormal outward/inward turning of the knee) was assessed the following way: AP and lateral radiographs were taken for the fractured and healthy tibia plateau at Baseline, right after surgery and all follow-up timepoints. Additional oblique radiographs at 45° or other fracture imaging was optional. All post-operative radiographs were compared against the healthy tibia films post-surgery and all follow-up radiographs were compared with the post-operative radiographs to evaluate the quality and changes in reduction at each timepoint. CT scans were only mandatory at Baseline ...
Nanostructured calcium phosphate and biphasic calcium phosphates have been studied and stand out as biomaterials for bone regeneration This is due to the fact that Get Price ...
alpha-tricalcium phosphate: unit cells is 312 atoms compared with 273 for beta-tricalcium phosphate; see also records for beta-tricalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate
Introduction: Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) is a member of the family of calcium phosphates (CP), which has many uses in bone cement. Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been studied to increase the biological and mechanical properties of CP structures and their results have been satisfactory. Objective: In this study, the main objective is to investigate the physical properties of GO/DCPD powders, which has been synthesized via a simple precipitation method. Material and Methods: Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were used as a precursor for DCPD synthesis. DCPD was precipitated in the presence of graphene oxide. The powders obtained after washing and drying were evaluated. The analysis performed in the sample includes inductively coupled plasma (ICP), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
F1044 - 05(2011)e1 Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings and Metallic Coatings , ceramic materials, hydroxylapatite, shear testing, tribasic calcium phosphate, Bonding, Nonporous coatings, Porosity--medical/surgical materials, Ring shear test, Shear testing--medical materials/applications, Substrates--surgical implant applications, Testing methods--surgical implants, Tribasic calcium phosphate, Adhesive bonds, Calcium phosphate coatings, Coatings (surgical implants), Hydroxylapatite (HA), Metallic coatings,
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Apr 14 2019 · Dicalcium Phosphate Dosage Dicalcium phosphate supplements are available as pills capsules and in complexes for bone support You can also take dicalcium phosphate powder As a dietary supplement take 2000 mg rounded 12 tsp once or twice daily or as directed by your physician Dicalcium phosphate powder has a chalky taste...As a leading global manufacturer of crushing equipment ...
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Sintering Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites Sintered by Spark Plasma SinteringSintering Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering ...
The particularities of cesium incorporation into synthetic calcium phosphates with either apatite or whitlockite-type structures were investigated using the sorption process from aqueous solution and further heating to 700 °C. The nanoparticles for sorption were prepared by wet precipitation from aqueous solutions at a fixed molar ratio of Ca/P = 1.67 and two different ratios of CO32−/PO43− (0 or 1). The obtained substituted calcium phosphates and corresponding samples after the sorption of cesium from solutions with different molar concentrations (c(Cs+) = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mol L−1) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Based on the combination of X-ray diffraction and elemental analyses data for the powders after sorption, the cesium incorporated in the apatite- or whitlockite-type structures and its amount increased with its concentration in the initial solution. For sodium-containing calcium phosphate even
Here is the abstract of our proposed work:. Elevated levels of oxalate as well as urinary tract infections have independently been associated with subsets of idiopathic stone formers. However, precise mechanisms by which moderately elevated levels of oxalate and or renal tubular infections promote kidney stone formation are not understood. In addition interplay between moderately elevated oxalate and urinary tract infections in driving stone disease has not ever been studies. Idiopathic stone formers often present with mixed type stones. The stones contain calcium oxalate as well as calcium phosphate deposits. There is a large body of literature that supports the notion of presence of Randalls plaques (sub-epithelial Calcium Phosphate precipitates) associated with deposits of Calcium oxalate. While tubular precipitation of calcium oxalate as well as calcium phosphate can be explained by urinary precipitations as a result of elevated levels of calcium, phosphate and /or oxalate, the exact ...
Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are well-established bone replacement materials that have been used in dentistry and orthopedics for more than 25 years. The monitoring of bone cements and the associated healing processes in the human body is difficult and so far has often been achieved using cytotoxic X-ray contrast agent additives. These additives have a negative effect on the mechanical properties and setting time of the bone cement. In this paper, we present a novel approach to prepare contrastive CPC by the incorporation of luminescent Eu3+-doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HAp) nanoparticles. Eu-doped CPC (Eu:CPC) exhibited enhanced mechanical properties compared to pure CPC. Furthermore, the red photoluminescence of Eu:CPC may allow the observation of CPC-related healing processes without the use of harmful ionizing radiation.
DOI: 10.11607/jomi.4020 Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of collagenated biphasic calcium phosphate (CBCP) loaded with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) on bone regeneration in a rabbit sinus model. Materials and Methods: Bilateral sinus augmentations were performed using either FGF-2 loaded CBCP (FGF-2 group) or CBCP only (control group) in 10 rabbits. The experimental animals were euthanized at 2 weeks (n = 5) or 4 weeks (n = 5) postoperatively. Volumetric analyses were done by means of microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Results: The volumes of total augmentation, new bone, residual material, and fibrovascular tissue were significantly greater in the FGF-2 group than in the control group at 2 weeks, but the differences between the two groups had disappeared by 4 weeks. Histologically, the healing patterns, such as new bone formation and the resorption of residual material, did not differ notably between the two groups. The results of the histometric ...
DOI: 10.5176/2382-5685_VETSCI16.17 Authors: Richa Jha, Shantanu Tamuly, Mumtesh Kumar Saxena Abstract: Adjuvant play important role in enhancing the i
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reaction of bone to tricalcium phosphate ceramic pellets. AU - Cutright, Duane E.. AU - Bhaskar, Surindar N.. AU - Brady, John M.. AU - Getter, Lee. AU - Posey, William R.. PY - 1972/1/1. Y1 - 1972/1/1. N2 - This study indicates that tricalcium phosphate is well accepted by the tissue and may actually contribute mineral salts for the formation of bone at the site as the ceramic is broken down into granules.. AB - This study indicates that tricalcium phosphate is well accepted by the tissue and may actually contribute mineral salts for the formation of bone at the site as the ceramic is broken down into granules.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0015337449&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0015337449&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/0030-4220(72)90457-4. DO - 10.1016/0030-4220(72)90457-4. M3 - Article. C2 - 4502161. AN - SCOPUS:0015337449. VL - 33. SP - 850. EP - 856. JO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral ...
In principle, bone has a good self-healing capacity. However, for defects larger than a certain size (critical size defect) spontaneous healing of bone injury is not possible. Such defects can occur in many diseases such as osteoarthritis, bone cysts and tumors, or as a result of surgical procedures, for instance osteolyses associated with loosened endoprostheses or osteotomies. The gold standard for the treatment of bone defects is an autologous bone transplantation; however, disadvantages of the method include follow-up operations that are necessary in addition to the bone harvesting from the iliac crest, which are connected with significant comorbidity.1 Availability of natural bone is restricted and often not sufficient to heal large bone defects, while maintenance of an extensive bone bank is expensive and complicated by long-term tissue preservation issues. To overcome these difficulties, a number of synthetic and partial synthetic bone substitute materials have been developed. In ...
Calcium phosphates are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate - collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP).[2] Various calcium phosphate minerals are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication. ...
Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of synovium in Milwaukee shoulder syndrome--a basic calcium phosphate crystal arthropathy.: Light and electron mic
Jun 29, 2005· Re: Di-calcium phosphate. I just bought some minerals with dicalcium phosphate for livestock over the weekend that I plan to try in my mineral site. Had I think 20 percent dicalcium phosphate, also picked up a bag of loose trace minerals with salt. The 50 lb bag at rural king was like $6 for the dicalcium phosphate and $5 for the other minerals ...
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The conversion of bioactive glass to a calcium phosphate material, typically hydroxyapatite (HA), by solution-precipitation reactions in aqueous phosphate solution, has been commonly reported. This paper describes the structural and compositional characteristics of the calcium phosphate material formed during the early-stage conversion (o5 h) of a borosilicate glass (designated H12) in aqueous phosphate solution. Disks of H12 glass were reacted with 0.25M K2HPO4 solution with a starting pH57.0 at 371C. The structure and composition of the product layer were characterized using thin film X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy. For reaction times o5 h, the results indicated the formation of brushite (CaHPO4 .2H2O) with coarse, plate-like crystals. In comparison, the formation of HA with small needle-like crystals was found at later times. This early-stage formation of brushite has not been reported in previous studies of converting
Polymer modified calcium phosphate cements made with cement powders of varying tetracalcium phosphate [TTC P] content were prepared using two different molecular weight fractions of poly(acrylic acid)
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