TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-Term consequences of radiation-induced bystander effects depend on radiation quality and dose and correlate with oxidative stress. AU - Buonanno, Manuela. AU - De Toledo, Sonia M.. AU - Pain, Debkumar. AU - Azzam, Edouard I.. PY - 2011/4. Y1 - 2011/4. N2 - Widespread evidence indicates that exposure of cell populations to ionizing radiation results in significant biological changes in both the irradiated and nonirradiated bystander cells in the population. We investigated the role of radiation quality, or linear energy transfer (LET), and radiation dose in the propagation of stressful effects in the progeny of bystander cells. Confluent normal human cell cultures were exposed to low or high doses of 1GeV/u iron ions (LET ∼151 keV/μ m), 600 MeV/u silicon ions (LET ∼51 keV/μ m), or 1 GeV protons (LET ∼0.2 keV/μ m). Within minutes after irradiation, the cells were trypsinized and co-cultured with nonirradiated cells for 5 h. During this time, irradiated and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of TGF-beta1 and nitric oxide in the bystander response of irradiated glioma cells.. AU - Shao, C.. AU - Folkard, M.. AU - Prise, Kevin. PY - 2008/1/17. Y1 - 2008/1/17. N2 - The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) increases the probability of cellular response and therefore has important implications for cancer risk assessment following low-dose irradiation and for the likelihood of secondary cancers after radiotherapy. However, our knowledge of bystander signaling factors, especially those having long half-lives, is still limited. The present study found that, when a fraction of cells within a glioblastoma population were individually irradiated with helium ions from a particle microbeam, the yield of micronuclei (MN) in the nontargeted cells was increased, but these bystander MN were eliminated by treating the cells with either aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase) or anti-transforming growth factor beta1 (anti-TGF-beta1), indicating ...

Evidence has accumulated that ionizing radiation induces biological effects in non-irradiated bystander cells having received signals from directly irradiated cells; however, energetic heavy ion-induced bystander response is incompletely characterized. Here we performed microarray analysis of irradiated and bystander fibroblasts in confluent cultures. To see the effects in bystander cells, each of 1, 5 and 25 sites was targeted with 10 particles of carbon ions (18.3 MeV/u, 103 keV/microm) using microbeams, where particles traversed 0.00026, 0.0013 and 0.0066% of cells, respectively. diated cells, cultures were exposed to 10% survival dose (D), 0.1D and 0.01D of corresponding broadbeams (108 keV/microm). Irrespective of the target numbers (1, 5 or 25 sites) and the time (2 or 6h postirradiation), similar expression changes were observed in bystander cells. Among 874 probes that showed more than 1.5-fold changes in bystander cells, 25% were upregulated and the remainder downregulated. These ...

p,Radiation induced bystander effects have given the cancer risk analysis a whole new paradigm. However the actual mechanism involved in producing the effects is still not clear. The basic bystander signal is assumed to be a biological signal. In this study we proposed and tried to quantify the presence of a physical signal in the form of electromagnetic radiation that can trigger a biological response in the bystander cells. In bystander effect studies where the cells are exposed to very low fluence of charged particles there could be several regions that can produce electromagnetic radiation due to the process of atomic/molecular excitations and relaxations. We focused on quantifying the number of ultraviolet photons emitted when charged particles pass through different media that have relevance to radiation biology experiments. The choice of UV photons was made due to the reason that its effects on living cells are very well documented. For this purpose we developed a system which employed ...

It is now well accepted that radiation induced bystander effects can occur in cells exposed to media from irradiated cells. The aim of this study was to follow the bystander cells in real time following addition of media from irradiated cells and to determine the effect of inhibiting these signals. A human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT cells, was irradiated (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 Gy) with γ irradiation, conditioned medium was harvested after one hour and added to recipient bystander cells. Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, Glutathione levels, caspase activation, cytotoxicity and cell viability was measured after the addition of irradiated cell conditioned media to bystander cells. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels in bystander cells treated with 0.5Gy ICCM were analysed in real time using time lapse fluorescence microscopy. The levels of reactive oxygen species were also measured in real time after the addition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase

Best stories, art and poetry about bystander effect. Authors who write about bystander effect. Other Red Fez members intersted in bystander effect.

Introduction: Brachytherapy is a preferred choice of radiotherapy in the treatment of sensitive tissues cancer like intestine and gonad. The treatment is expensive because of the frequent replacement of radionuclide sources. A better understanding of cell killing and the cellular responses at different dose rates, might aid in tumor cell killing with fewer doses thereby enhancing a better prognosis.. Methods: The cervix cancer cell line was irradiated with doses ranging from 2Gy-10 Gy at three different dose-rates as used in brachytherapy along with unexposed sample as control. The biological effects of different doses and dose rate of the cells was assessed by measuring its cytotoxicity,genotoxicity and clonogenic ability of exposed cells. The bystander effect was examined by co-culturing the exposed tumor cells with the unexposed normal blood lymphocyte and vice-versa. Results: A significant and dose dependent changes in cell viability (trypan blue exclusion), genotoxicity (Micronucleus assay) ...

Tumor vascular endothelium has certain properties that render it an attractive target for cancer gene therapy, such as accessibility to circulating vectors, expression of endothelial surface receptors distinct from those of normal quiescent vasculature, and a potential amplifying effect caused by hypoxia. Ligand-directed adeno-associated virus/phage can mediate targeted HSVtk suicide gene transfer to tumor vascular endothelium in several experimental models (20, 21). However, the precise cytotoxic mechanism of such profound antitumor effects after vascular-targeted suicide gene transfer has not as yet been entirely understood. Here, we show that vascular targeted HSVtk suicide gene delivery results in efficient cell killing mediated by a heterotypic bystander effect between endothelial and parenchymal tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.. The bystander effect has initially been described as a phenomenon in homotypic cultures, in which neighboring (bystander) HSVtk-nonexpressing tumor cells were ...

Tilbud på Jazz and Sleep på dansk. Ever since the first Jazz Festival in Ribe, Jens at Danhostel Ribe and Jazz´in Ribe have worked together to start the last day of the festival in an enjoyable way with jazz and brunch at the hostel. Latest in 2009 when Jens Chr. Kwellas kvartet plaid jazz for the brunch eaters and jazz lovers. Jazz Festival in Ribe 2010 will take place 23th, 24th. and 25th of ...

EMS providers recorded bystander assistance 11% of the time. The logistic regression model correctly predicted bystander intervention occurrence 71.4% of the time. Bystanders were more likely to intervene when the patient was male (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.12-1.3) and if the patient was older (progressive aOR = 1.10, 1.46 age group 20-29 through age group 60-99). Bystanders were less likely to intervene in rural areas compared to urban areas (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.58-0.59). The highest likelihood of bystander intervention occurred in a residential institution (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.85-1.86) and the lowest occurred on a street or a highway (aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.96). Using death as a reference group, bystanders were most likely to intervene when the patient had cardiac distress/chest pain (aOR = 11.38, 95% CI = 10.93-11.86), followed by allergic reaction (aOR = 7.63, 95% CI = 7.30-7.99), smoke inhalation (aOR = 6.65, 95% CI = 5.98-7.39), and respiration arrest/distress (aOR = 6.43, 95% CI = ...

Despite many years of potent antiretroviral therapy, latently infected cells and low levels of plasma virus have been found to persist in HIV-infected patients. The factors influencing this persistence and their relative contributions have not been fully elucidated and remain controversial. Here, we address these issues by developing and employing a simple, but mechanistic viral dynamics model. The model has two novel features. First, it assumes that latently infected T cells can undergo bystander proliferation without transitioning into active viral production. Second, it assumes that the rate of latent cell activation decreases with time on antiretroviral therapy due to the activation and subsequent loss of latently infected cells specific for common antigens, leaving behind cells that are successively less frequently activated. Using the model, we examined the quantitative contributions of T cell bystander proliferation, latent cell activation, and ongoing viral replication to the stability ...

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To date, acalabrutinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of B-All, Myelofibrosis, Ovarian Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Hodgkin Lymphoma, among others. As of October 31, 2017 the FDA approved Astra Zenecas orally administered Calquence (acalabrutinib) medication as a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) who have already received at least one prior therapy, marking the companys first entry into the treatment of blood cancers. Also known as ACP-196, acalabrutinib is also considered a second generation BTK inhibitor because it was rationally designed to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib, theoretically expected to demonstrate fewer adverse effects owing to minimized bystander effects on targets other than BTK. Nevertheless, acalabrutinib was approved under the FDAs accelerated approval pathway, which is based upon overall response rate and faciliates earlier approval of medicines that treat serious

Kystdirektoratet Gr Nr.3 Location of pilot study area Ribe Dike length ca. 18,4 km protected area ha year of construction reinforcement reinforcement (flattening of outer slope) sluices (Ribe Å and Konge Å) and 2 smaller outlets

Chronic allograft rejection is in part mediated by host T cells that recognize allogeneic antigens on transplanted tissue. One factor that determines the outcome of a T cell response is clonal size, while another is the effector quality. Studies of alloimmune predictors of transplant graft survival have most commonly focused on only one measure of the alloimmune response. Because differing qualities and frequencies of the allospecific T cell response may provide distinctly different information we analyzed the relationship between frequency of soluble antigen and allo-antigen specific memory IFN-g secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells, their ability to secrete IL-2, and their proliferative capacity, while accounting for cognate and bystander proliferation. The results show proliferative responses primarily reflect on IL-2 production by antigen-specific T cells, and that proliferating cells in such assays entail a considerable fraction of bystander cells. On the other hand, proliferation (and IL-2 production)

We wanted to assess whether B-cell and/or T-cell reactions to collagen and thereby the course of collagen-induced arthritis could be suppressed by regulatory mechanisms associated with oral tolerance to an unrelated protein. splenocyte secretion of IFN- and IL-10 in response to BCII. Our results demonstrate that OVA-specific regulatory occasions induced by nourishing OVA, i.e. bystander suppression, decreased the severe nature of arthritis in animals immunized with OVA and BCII. Anti-BCII particular antibody replies and cytokine secretion by types 1 and 2 T helper cells had been also reduced. Keywords: bystander suppression, collagen-induced joint disease, mice, dental tolerance, Th1/Th2 cells Launch It is today more developed that intestinal contact with antigen decreases T-cell-mediated swelling and BILN 2061 specific B-cell reactions to the antigen in question. This ability of the intestinal immune system has been shown, for example, with respect to antigens such as food proteins [1] and ...

Jackson: I recognize that I am using a very broad definition for bystander engagement: ANYONE who has peers, friends or colleagues, or anyone who plays a leadership role in a social group or institutional setting - which means virtually EVERYBODY. What is required is not just individual but institutional change. This is beginning to happen in the military. MVP has been doing bystander-focused prevention training in the military for 14 years, and it is exciting that now all four major branches of the U.S. military have decided to employ bystander programming system-wide to prevent sexual and domestic violence. For example, by the summer of 2012 the Air Force has mandated that all personnel at every level need to go through what theyre calling Bystander Intervention Training. This training includes examining and interrupting behaviors on an abuse continuum, and also includes elements of media literacy education.. That level of commitment represents an institutional shift. It is promising in part ...

Family lore has it that from ages one to four, hed tied my right hand behind my back so Id grow up to be left-handed, right-brained, and well-centered. I was eight when my father wanted to test the bystander effect as it applies to the black community. He replicated the infamous Kitty Genovese case with a prepubescent me standing in for the ill-fated Ms. Genovese, who, in 1964, was robbed, raped, and stabbed to death in the apathetic streets of New York, her plaintive Psychology 101 textbook cries for help ignored by dozens of onlookers and neighborhood residents. Hence, the bystander effect: the more people around to provide help, the less likely one is to receive help. Dad hypothesized that this didnt apply to black people, a loving race whose very survival has been dependent on helping one another in times of need. So he made me stand on the busiest intersection in the neighborhood, dollar bills bursting from my pockets, the latest and shiniest electronic gadgetry jammed into my ear ...

Workplace bullying has reached epidemic proportions, but often workers dont see it. Why not? Here are some reasons and some solutions to stop bullying at work.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide that is particularly refractory to chemotherapy. Several studies have proposed combination chemotherapy regimen...

Women are less likely than men to get CPR from a bystander and more likely to die, a new study suggests, and researchers think reluctance to touch a womans chest might be one reason.

After seeing a verbal assault on the Metro, one student took steps to deescalate the situation, and told us: Really grateful for your training!. After this class, give myself permission to speak up, I have plans of action, and feel confident to engage.. Inspiring! She makes me feel comfortable addressing scary & uncomfortable situations.. After taking the bystander intervention class, I feel a lot more confident that I could deescalate a dangerous situation.. I feel more safe and proud when I walk down the street. When I see a potentially unsafe situation up ahead, instead of just getting nervous, I can make a plan.. Its apparent that youre genuinely concerned about each student learning the techniques and becoming more confident in verbal confrontations. Its nice to be the recipient of that level of dedication.. ...

Matthew 26 - A little later the bystanders came up and said to Peter, Surely you too are [one] of them; for even the way you talk *gives you away.

In anticipation of a phase I clinical trial in GBM patients using an immunotherapeutic approach that combines Ad-Flt3L with Ad-TK+GCV, it was critical to determine the optimal cytotoxic agent to use in this approach. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and neurotoxicity of Ad-TK+GCV with Ad vectors encoding the proapoptotic cytokines TNF-α, TRAIL, and FasL. Our hypothesis was that Ad-TK+GCV would exhibit superior efficacy and safety when compared with Ads expressing proapoptotic cytokines. Because Ad-TK kills proliferating cells in the presence of GCV (37), we expected this agent to have a powerful antitumor effect due to the presence of mitotic tumor cells within GBM. Also, the bystander effect of phosphorylated GCV would amplify the cytotoxic effect of this approach (37). The highest therapeutic efficacy was indeed achieved when using Ad-TK+GCV by itself for small tumors, and in combination with Ad-Flt3L for large tumors. Although all the proapoptotic Ads certainly induced apoptosis in vitro ...

In January JNM: PET/MRI biomarkers in breast cancer … bystander effects of 223Ra … Mitochondria and synaptic PET biomarkers … The AQARA Principle … A discussion between Martin Pomper and Peter Choyke … PSMA-guided surgery … hybrid tracers and surgical guidance … and much more!

Naša spletna stran uporablja piškotke. Brez njih vam ne moremo zagotoviti pravilnega delovanja in prikaza vsebine. Več o naših piškotkih ...

LOKARDE S POVRCEM IZ PECNICE Ako vas muci przenje,pecenje ribe u stanu,ako mrzite sto vam od plave ribe/koja je zdrava,ukusna i jeftina/cije ...

LOKARDE S POVRCEM IZ PECNICE Ako vas muci przenje,pecenje ribe u stanu,ako mrzite sto vam od plave ribe/koja je zdrava,ukusna i jeftina/cije ...

I think the permit idea is interesting, in a sense. Its interesting in the sense of not being able to turn away, like when you see a bad car accident. Its not that the permit idea is grotesque - its grotesque that society has reached a point where thats a compromise.. It seems to me weve got a pretty good compromise already. Concerned Bystander has to make a choice - and really, its no choice at all. If you really think a child is dying in that car, you break the window, knowing two things: first, that no sane court will convict you on vandalism, etc. charges, second, that even if you would face those charges, youd do it anyway. If you dont really think a child is in danger - if youre trying to feel superior, engage in virtue-flash, etc., its pretty obvious - you dont break the window. Any Concerned Bystander who doesnt actually break into the car, but instead stands around, complaining, pesters the parents when they come back, etc. - either didnt really think the kid was in danger, ...

The results displayed below have been grouped first by VAWnet Special Collections - containing our most highly valued resources - then by individual related materials. Refine your search by category, types, author and/or publisher using the options provided. Sort by date published, date added, or alphabetically. For assistance in locating a resource, use our online contact form ...

A clip plays. In the clip, a man in his twenties gropes a woman in her twenties at a party, as another man in his twenties films. The woman looks hazy and drunk. Both men turn to the camera ...

Karakteristicno za Masterbih Amino Fruit Mix boile je to sto u sebi sadrze slatku aminokiselinu, ujedno i jedan od magneta za krupne ribe ...

Man, 32, arrested for shooting that left three dead: I dont give a f---, Im here and theyre notCooper fatally shot two rival dealers and an elderly bystander

We show here that CD8 T cells undergo apoptosis and decline in number in response to IFN and that non-virus-specific bystander CD8 T cells are driven to apoptosis during the T-cell response to virus infections. Apoptosis and cell loss in each of these systems were most pronounced in CD8 T cells of the memory phenotype (CD44hi). IFN-induced attrition and apoptosis of memory cells were confirmed using MHC tetramer analysis of a well-defined LCMV memory population from poly(I:C)-injected LCMV-immune mice (Fig. 4 and Table 3). An early virus-induced peak in T-cell apoptosis and attrition correlated with the peak in virus-induced IFN-α/β, and the IFN-α/β inducer poly(I:C) dramatically induced apoptosis and attrition in the memory CD8 T-cell compartment. Poly(I:C) is a very potent IFN-α/β inducer, but it also induces potentially cytotoxic cytokines like TNF alpha (44). IFN-α/β, in turn, can stimulate the synthesis of a number of other cytokines, such as IL-15 (20, 54), which is known to act on ...

In comparison to last year, Ribe has moved upwards in terms of its place among the best restaurants in Estonia. Better still, the restaurant has regained the position that was clearly theirs. Ribe has been one of the best restaurants in Estonia for years and earned that position in every way possible.. The interpretations of Estonian cuisine delivered by the Slovakian head chef are fresh and surprising for the locals. His culinary skills are definitely among the best in Estonia. This is confirmed by his previous work experience in some of the top restaurants in the world.. Its food is just as good of a reason to visit Ribe as its wine selection. Ribe has unquestionably earned its title as the best beverage provider in Estonia. In the vestibule of the restaurant, you will find an open wine bar with a selection that always includes some beverages unavailable anywhere else in Tallinn.. body { background-color: transparent!important; }. ...

The modern concepts of sustainable cities and smart grids have caused an increase in the installation of solar systems in urban and suburban areas, where, due to the presence of many obstacles or design constraints, photovoltaic (PV) modules can operate in operating conditions that are very different from the optimal ones (e.g., standard test conditions, STC). Shading and reflection are the main phenomena that cause uneven distribution of irradiance on PV cells; in turn, they create a nonuniform distribution of PV cell temperatures. The latter problem can also be caused by different ventilation regimes in various parts of the PV array. On the other hand, due to the need to exploit different solar technologies (solar thermal and photovoltaic), problems related to the availability of a useful surface can arise. In this context, there is a technology that produces heat end electrical energy at the same time, such a technology is referred to as a solar hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T). Here, the ...

To investigate the signal factor and its function in the medium-mediated bystander effect during heavy-ion irradiation of human salivary gland (HSG) neoplastic

T cell proliferation in vivo is presumed to reflect a T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated polyclonal response directed to various environmental antigens. However, the massive proliferation of T cells seen in viral infections is suggestive of a bystander reaction driven by cytokines instead of the TCR. In mice, T cell proliferation in viral infections preferentially affected the CD44hi subset of CD8+ cells and was mimicked by injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], an inducer of type I interferon (IFN I), and also by purified IFN I; such proliferation was not associated with up-regulation of CD69 or CD25 expression, which implies that TCR signaling was not involved. IFN I [poly(I:C)]-stimulated CD8+ cells survived for prolonged periods in vivo and displayed the same phenotype as did long-lived antigen-specific CD8+ cells. IFN I also potentiated the clonal expansion and survival of CD8+ cells responding to specific antigen. Production of IFN I may thus play an important role in the ...

Increases in cell proliferation are widely viewed as being of importance in carcinogenesis. We report that exposure of normal human lung fibroblasts to a low dose of alpha particles like those emitted by radon/radon progeny stimulates their prolifera

The effect of gamma radiation delivered over 24 h on the induction of bystander signals of three earthworm species exposed in vivo was investigated: A. chlorotica, A. caliginosa, and E. tetraedra. Worms were exposed to external gamma irradiation (Co-60 source) for 24 h and samples of head, body, and clitellum were dissected from exposed and control worms and placed in culture medium for 24 h at 19 ...

A GM-CSF and CD40L bystander vaccine is effective in a murine breast cancer model Hatem Soliman,1 Melanie Mediavilla-Varela,2 Scott J Antonia,3 1Department of Women's Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2Department of Immunology, 3Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA Background: There is increasing interest in using cancer vaccines to treat breast cancer patients in the adjuvant setting to prevent recurrence in high risk situations or in combination with other immunomodulators in the advanced setting. Current peptide vaccines are limited by immunologic compatibility issues, and engineered autologous cellular vaccines are difficult to produce on a large scale. Using standardized bystander cell lines modified to secrete immune stimulating adjuvant substances can greatly enhance the ability to produce immunogenic cellular vaccines using unmodified autologous cells or allogeneic medical grade tumor cell lines as targets. We investigated the efficacy of a cellular

Intestinal commensals are potential important contributors to the etiology of sporadic colorectal cancer, but mechanisms by which bacteria can initiate tumors remain uncertain. Herein, we describe mechanisms that link Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium known to produce extracellular superoxide, to t …

In HIV-1-infected patients, increased numbers of circulating CD8+ T cells are linked to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we identified a bystander mechanism that promotes CD8 T cell activation and expansion in untreated HIV-1-infected patients. Compared with healthy controls, untreated HIV-1-infected patients have an increased population of proliferating, granzyme B+, CD8+ T cells in circulation. Vβ expression and deep sequencing of CDR3 revealed that in untreated HIV-1 infection, cycling memory CD8 T cells possess a broad T cell repertoire that reflects the repertoire of the resting population. This suggests that cycling is driven by bystander activation, rather than specific antigen exposure. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IL-15 induced a cycling, granzyme B+ phenotype in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, elevated IL-15 expression in the lymph nodes of untreated HIV-1-infected patients correlated with circulating CD8+ T cell counts and was normalized in these ...

In HIV-1-infected patients, increased numbers of circulating CD8+ T cells are linked to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we identified a bystander mechanism that promotes CD8 T cell activation and expansion in untreated HIV-1-infected patients. Compared with healthy controls, untreated HIV-1-infected patients have an increased population of proliferating, granzyme B+, CD8+ T cells in circulation. Vβ expression and deep sequencing of CDR3 revealed that in untreated HIV-1 infection, cycling memory CD8 T cells possess a broad T cell repertoire that reflects the repertoire of the resting population. This suggests that cycling is driven by bystander activation, rather than specific antigen exposure. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IL-15 induced a cycling, granzyme B+ phenotype in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, elevated IL-15 expression in the lymph nodes of untreated HIV-1-infected patients correlated with circulating CD8+ T cell counts and was normalized in these ...

Multiple viral and host factors determine the variability in HIV-1 disease progression [17, 23-26]. Cellular tropism and receptor/co-receptor usage for viral entry are major factors influencing HIV pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanism of how those factors contribute to the gradual loss of CD4 T cells is still enigmatic. Bystander CD4 T cell death plays a major contribution towards AIDS progression. A recent report has revealed a mechanism for HIV-induced CD4 T cell depletion, which involves abortive non-productive HIV infection in resting CD4 T cells, followed by IFI16 activation and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis [27-29]. Besides the abortive RT products in non-productively infected resting cells, several HIV-1 proteins have also been reported to contribute to the depletion of bystander (uninfected and non-productively infected) CD4 T cells, including the Env [4, 5, 17, 19], Vpr [30], Nef [31, 32] and Tat [33]. The Env protein is of specific interest in mediating AIDS ...

Commentary No. 24 - Health Effects of Low Doses of Radiation: Perspectives on Integrating Radiation Biology and Epidemiology (2015 ...

Transplant recipients can be sensitized against allo-HLA antigens by previous transplantation, blood transfusion, or pregnancy. While there is growing awareness that multiple components of the immune system can act as effectors of the alloresponse, the role of infectious pathogen exposure in triggering sensitization and allograft rejection has remained a matter of much debate. Here, we describe that exposure to pathogens may enhance the immune response to allogeneic HLA antigens via different pathways. The potential role of allo-HLA cross-reactivity of virus-specific memory T cells, activation of innate immunity leading to a more efficient induction of the adaptive alloimmune response by antigen-presenting cells, and bystander activation of existing memory B cell activation will be discussed in this review ...

Van Braeckel-Budimir, N., Martin, M. D., Hartwig, S. M., Legge, K. L., Badovinac, V. P. & Harty, J. T. (2017). Antigen Exposure History Defines CD8 T Cell Dynamics and Protection during Localized Pulmonary Infections. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 40. PMID: 28191007.. Shan, Q., Zeng, Z., Xing, S., Li, F., Hartwig, S. M., Gullicksrud, J. A., Kurup, S. P., Van Braeckel-Budimir, N., Su, Y., Martin, M. D., Varga, S. M., Taniuchi, I., Harty, J. T., Peng, W., Badovinac, V. P. & Xue, H. H. (2017). The transcription factor Runx3 guards cytotoxic CD8,sup,+,/sup, effector T cells against deviation towards follicular helper T cell lineage. Nature immunology. PMID: 28604718.. Martin, M. D., Shan, Q., Xue, H. H. & Badovinac, V. P. (2017). Time and Antigen-Stimulation History Influence Memory CD8 T Cell Bystander Responses. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 634. PMID: 28642758.. Gullicksrud, J. A., Li, F., Xing, S., Zeng, Z., Peng, W., Badovinac, V. P., Harty, J. T. & Xue, H. H. (2017). Differential Requirements for ...

Q: What is the chest compression rate for adult CPR? A. 50/min B. 100/min C. 100-120/min D. As many as you can The basics of CPR has changed since 2010. Major changes for all rescuers, all of which are intended to simplify CPR for rescuers and improve bystander response,... Read More ...

The distinction between pathogen mediated and autoaggressive inflammation is becoming increasingly blurred. Current thoughts on the mechanisms of autoimmune disease broadly fall into two camps, not necessarily mutually exclusive. The molecular mimicry theory holds that tolerant self reactive T cells which have escaped deletion in the thymus generally ignore self antigens mostly as a result of factors such as low affinity of their receptors for antigen, and it is not until they are exposed to antigens from micro-organisms which have homology to self antigens that they receive a sufficiently strong stimulus to be activated. The alternative theory of bystander activation suggests that tissue damage induced by micro-organisms releases a variety of cytokines, not always the same set, which under appropriate circumstances activate self reactive T cells which happen to be in the vicinity as they travel through the tissues. Recently, evidence in support of the latter theory has been reported in a model ...

Unfortunately, despite its beautiful aroma, Smugglers Soul isnt very long-lasting. After massaging it into my wrists and neck, I found that I couldnt detect the perfume a mere fifteen minutes after it has been applied. I thought that perhaps it was one of those perfumes thats subtle on the wearer but leaves an impression on bystanders. However, neither of my flatmates were able to pick up the scent on me, even when I applied multiple helpings to my skin. ...

As soon as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) are isolated from whole blood, some cells begin dying. The rate of apoptotic cell death is increased when PBMC are shipped, cryopreserved, or stored under suboptimal conditions. Apoptotic cells secrete cytokines that suppress inflammation while promoting phagocytosis. Increased numbers of apoptotic cells in PBMC may modulate T cell functions in antigen-triggered T cell assays. We assessed the effect of apoptotic bystander cells on a T cell ELISPOT assay by selectively inducing B cell apoptosis using α-CD20 mAbs. The presence of large numbers of apoptotic B cells did not affect T cell functionality. In contrast, when PBMC were stored under unfavorable conditions, leading to damage and apoptosis in the T cells as well as bystander cells, T cell functionality was greatly impaired. We observed that measuring the number of apoptotic cells before plating the PBMC into an ELISPOT assay did not reflect the extent of PBMC injury, but measuring apoptotic cell

Jedi v počasnem štedilniku pomagajo določiti nizko kalorični meni.. Vzorčni meni za teden v tabeli:. Prigrizek: naribana korenček.. Kosilo: kuhan riž s paro.. Prigrizek: rezina sadja.. Večerja: jed iz piščanca in mešana zelenjava.. Prigrizek: jogurt in pol grenivke.. Kosilo: postrežemo parne ribe in juho.. Prigrizek: rezina črnega kruha s trdim sirom.. Večerja: postrežena z zelenjavo omleto narezano.. Prigrizek: kuhani beluši.. Kosilo: postreženo zelenjavno juho z zelenim grahom.. Čaj: mlečni smoothie.. Prigrizek: kuhana teletina.. Kosilo: juha-pire.. Prigrizek: toast s paradižnikom in sirom.. Večerja: pari zelenjava s piščančjim mesom.. Prigrizek: narezan korenček in jabolko.. Kosilo: juha z ajdo in mesne kroglice.. Čaj: pijte pomarančni sok.. Večerja: parjene ribe, narezana zelenjava.. Prigrizek: kozarec kefirja z nizko vsebnostjo maščob.. Kosilo: kuhano goveje meso z rezanjem ajde in zelenjave.. Kosilo: mlečno-banani smoothie.. Večerja: parne ribe, šparglji in ...

A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that CPR given by ordinary bystanders is linked to higher survival rates among sudden cardiac arrest victims.

DALLAS, TX--Concerns about inappropriate contact or causing injury may help explain why bystanders are less likely to perform CPR on women - even

To examine temporal changes in bystander resuscitation attempts and survival during a 10-year period in which several national initiatives were taken to increas

Bystander video, first posted to YouTube and used with permission, shows Burlington police officers and Langevin on the ground. Then one officer fires pepper spray at Michael Mazza after they say he interfered with arrest.

Researchers have found that those who suffer cardiac arrests in upper income are nearly twice as likely to get cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) than people who collapse in low-income.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einem neuartigen proteinbasierten, suizidgentherapeutischen Ansatz zur sicheren und effektiven Behandlung von soliden Tumoren. Verwendet wurden zellpermeable Fusionsproteine auf der Grundlage des bakteriellen Enzyms Cytosin Desaminase, welches spezifisch die Umsetzung der inaktive, nichttoxische Substanz (Prodroge) 5-Fluorcytosin in den hochwirksamen, stark toxischen Wirkstoff 5-Fluoruracil katalysiert. Dieser bewirkt die selektive Zerstörung von Tumorzellen. Durch die Fusion der bakteriellen Cytosin Desaminase (bCD) mit der Sequenz des Zellpermeabilität vermittelnden Peptides HBV-Translokationsmotiv (TLM) des Hepatits B-Virus (HBV) wurden zunächst zellpermeable E.coli Cytosin Desaminase Suizidfusionskonstrukte generiert. Für die bakteriell synthetisierten HBV-TLM-Fusionsproteine konnten eine Hexamerisierung sowie eine spezifische enzymatische Aktivität bei der Umsetzung von Cytosin zu Uracil als strukturelle und funktionelle Voraussetzungen für ...

The Step Up!© Program is an amazing resource for information on ways to change your thinking, change your behavior, and step up to the challenge of being an empowered bystander. Read additional Sample Scenarios and answer the question, what would you do? Check out a variety of Strategies for Effective Helping, including sample approaches and scripts to help you Step Up. View the entire Bystander Intervention Video Series. Humanities Troupe Videos:

Mike Brady, a surprise participant in ABCs undercover investigation show, What Would You Do? In this past Fridays episode, the network set up a camera to capture what would happen when three teens surrounded and taunted a fourth teen for being gay. They report that most people passed by without taking any action - one man claiming, It wasnt at a point where I thought I should jump in. Brady, however, did step in despite having only one functioning hand due to an old hit-and-run accident. (ABC / What Would You Do?). ...

The opposite of a hero is not a villain: its a bystander. (Matt Langdon) Should not our politicians aspire to be the heroes of our nation? Yet how many are content to be bystanders when it comes to the matter of asylum seekers in detention? What a poor example they are setting for their constituents. Surely it is time for them to rebel against cruel and illegal party policies and govern from the heart. (Matt Langdon is the founder and chair of the Hero Construction Company, and creator of the Hero Round Table conferences. He is also my grandson ...

Remove Diversity Efforts: provides annual sexual harassment, bystander, and climate training (directly or through our institution) filter Diversity Efforts: provides annual sexual harassment, bystander, and climate training (directly or through our institution ...

Remove Diversity Efforts: provides annual sexual harassment, bystander, and climate training (directly or through our institution) filter Diversity Efforts: provides annual sexual harassment, bystander, and climate training (directly or through our institution ...

WHEN a foul-mouthed bystander decided to sabotage a live TV broadcast, he hadnt counted on this presenters UNBELIEVABLE reply.

Not being reported by the media is the rebel activity-taking place in Libya concerning blacks. It is being reported that Gaddafi is using black mercenaries to fight the rebels. Publicintelligence.org reports bystanders, including women and children...

When a woman falls to the ground, bystanders rush to help her to her feet, but how can a simple wardrobe change affect peoples willingness to lend a hand?. ...

Supermans disguise is fueled by Refuge in Audacity Basically, to bystanders, Clark Kent is such a transparent disguise that people think its more likely …

p53 Promotes Radiation-Induced Lymphomagenesis: Explaining Henry Kaplans Non-Targeted Effort of Radiation Carcinogenesis. David Kirsch, MD, PhD. Professor & Vice Chair for Basic & Translational ...