Bufotoxins are a family of toxic steroid lactones. They occur in the parotoid glands, skin and poison of many toads (genus Bufo) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin. It can contain: 5-MeO-DMT, bufagins, bufalin, bufotalin, bufotenin, bufothionine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The term bufotoxin can also be used specifically to describe the conjugate of a bufagin with suberylargine. The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups: bufadienolides which are cardiac glycosides (e.g. bufotalin, bufogenin) tryptamine related substances (e.g. bufotenin) Toads known to secrete bufotoxin are:[citation needed] Bufo alvarius Bufo americanus Bufo arenarum Bufo asper Bufo blombergi Bufo boreas Bufo bufo Bufo bufo gargarizans Bufo Gutturalis Bufo formosus Bufo fowleri Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus) Bufo melanostictus Bufo peltocephalus Bufo quercicus ...

New analytical methods are improving our ability to reconstruct robust species trees from multilocus datasets, despite difficulties in phylogenetic reconstruction associated with recent, rapid divergence, incomplete lineage sorting and/or introgression. In this study, we applied these methods to res …

Define genus Bufo. genus Bufo synonyms, genus Bufo pronunciation, genus Bufo translation, English dictionary definition of genus Bufo. Noun 1. genus Bufo - type genus of the Bufonidae; common toads of New and Old Worlds amphibian genus - any genus of amphibians Bufonidae, family Bufonidae -...

Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category ...

In the last few years our interest has been devoted to the energy metabolism of the eggs of the common toad Bufo arenarum Hensel which, like some other amphibian eggs, can cleave at a normal rate in the absence of oxygen or in the presence of cyanide (Barbieri & Legname, 1957). Under anaerobic conditions a rapid accumulation of lactic acid gives evidence of an intense glycolytic activity, which is inhibited when the eggs are returned to oxygen (Pasteur effect) (Barbieri & Salomón, 1963). Furthermore, an increase in oxygen uptake during the first 2 h of recovery has been observed (payment of the oxygen debt) (Legname, 1966). Taking into account the low value of the respiratory quotient (r.q. = 0·5-0·7) during this period it can be assumed that most of the oxygen is not involved in the oxidation of lactate (Legname, 1966).. ...

The collecting duct of the mammalian kidney is involved in urine acidification. Recent studies in the turtle bladder suggest that hydrogen ion secretion in response to elevated CO2 is regulated by insertion of hydrogen pumps into the luminal membrane of the mitochondria-rich cells. Because intercalated cells of the collecting duct are structurally similar to mitochondria-rich cells of the amphibian bladder, we studied the rat outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) during respiratory acidosis to determine whether changes compatible with hydrogen ion secretion occur in the intercalated cells. Rats were studied during normal acid-base conditions and after 4-5 h of respiratory acidosis. After collection of physiologic data, the kidneys were fixed by in vivo perfusion and processed for electron microscopy. No changes were observed in the principal cells of the OMCD. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the surface density of the apical plasma membrane and a decrease in the number ...

Toads. Reptilia.. Toads belong to the most poisonous reptiles.. In olden times, being looked upon as horrible things, they were given in horrible diseases. During the rage of improvement the remedy was thrown overboard, and even the poisonous qualities doubted, until rare experiments, especially those by Vulpian, have settled the question. In 1832 Henke, our great prover, was the first in our school to call attention to it ; his observations were published in Meyers Monatsblatt, 1860 ; in 1834 the Hom opathic Society of Th ringen sent some symptoms to the Archives of Stapf (vol. xiv, No. 2, page 102). In 1849 Mure published a proving with his preparation, taken from the most common toad in Brazil, called by him Bufo satyhiensis. This was translated by Hempel and Allen. Houat published one of his provings in Nouvelles Donn es. This was translated three times --by Lippe, Lilienthal and Allen. In 1859, Destrone, in a French journal, collected notes from all old writers and also made some provings. ...

Amphibian Bufo Daylight Frog: 20 assigned downloads, like Natterjack Toads (Bufo calamita), pair before spawning from stock-photos

El gènere Bufo és molt cosmopolita, ja que sel pot trobar a tot el planeta sota condicions molt adverses. No obstant això, és absent de les regions polars, dAustràlia -llevat de Bufo marinus, del qual se sospita que hi va ser introduït-, de Nova Guinea i illes adjacents. ...

The variability of microsatellites BM224 and Bcal7 was studied for the first time in three species of the diploid-polyploid complex of Bufo viridis (B. viridis, B. oblongus, and B. pewzowi). The locus

Dubois, A. & R. Bour. 2010: The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768). Zootaxa, 2447: 1-52 ...

Other articles where American toad is discussed: toad: True toads, of which the American toad (Bufo americanus) and the European toad (B. bufo) are representative, are stout-bodied with short legs that limit them to the characteristic walking or hopping gait. Their size ranges from about 2 to 25 cm (1 to 10 inches). The thick, dry, often warty…

The latest Messinian Monticino Quarry fissure fillings, near Brisighella in Italy, are well known for their diverse mammal fauna. Conversely, little is known about other vertebrates from this rich site. Beside presenting an overview of the mammals, here we describe fish, amphibian, reptile, and bird remains, identifying three, eight, at least 18, and five taxa, respectively. Some of these represent the oldest occurrences either worldwide (an erycine snake related to Eryx jaculus, Malpolon, and otidids birds) or locally (common toads in the Apennine Peninsula and eremiadine lacertids in Europe, the latter being also the only known occurrence of these lizards in Italy). Altogether, the vertebrate fauna from Monticino Quarry is indicative of a complex palaeoenvironment, which was warm and somehow dry. Water bodies were indeed present though, as well as a patchy set of habitats with loose or sandy soils, rocky outcrops, open biotopes, and (even though maybe to a lesser extent) wooded areas. ...

Common Frog is not common and Common Toads are occasionally seen but the commonest amphibian by far is the large and very noisy Marsh Frog. The first individuals of this species were originally introduced into Britain into a small garden pool at Stone-in-Oxney in the winter of 1934-35. Since then the population has increased and spread dramatically and they can now be seen or heard in many ditches and pools throughout Romney Marsh. ...

No. 11 is now 35 by 40 feet at the base and 4 feet high. In the center, 3 feet below the surface, was a vault 8 feet long and ...

Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.

There was one thing different about the toad pools this spring that may have contributed to the toad visitations. Both pools were surrounded by a mass of Spring Peepers creating a loud chorus. Im wondering if the Peeper song alerted the toads to the fact that a suitable breeding pool was available. The newly hatched Peeper tadpoles shown above are just two of dozens hanging in the algae around the edge of the pools. This toad pool venture may just turn out to be a success ...

Toad allows you to connect to SharePoint via OData service to view and query SharePoint lists as tables. Toad supports SharePoint 2010 and 2013. You can also create a connection to SharePoint Online.. After creating a connection, see About SharePoint Data Sources for more information.. Note: This feature is available in the Toad Data Point Professional Edition only.. To create a SharePoint connection. ...

Biker Babe Toad - Green We were so excited to get this amazing new Biker Babe Toad - Green on the site, we havent even had the chance to write a whimsical description!We have loved these toads for the past few years and ...

Badania przeprowadzono na dojrzałych osobnikach żaby trawnej Rana temporaria L. odłowionych z ich naturalnego środowiska. Żaby odławiano w II dekadzie grudnia (okres odrętwienia zimowego) oraz w III dekadzie marca (okres ...

Badania przeprowadzono na dojrzałych osobnikach żaby trawnej Rana temporaria L. odłowionych z ich naturalnego środowiska. Żaby odławiano w II dekadzie grudnia (okres odrętwienia zimowego) oraz w III dekadzie marca (okres ...

Population genetics of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) show that isolates are highly related and globally homogenous, data that are consistent with the recent epidemic spread of a previously endemic organism. Highly related isolates are predicted to be functionally similar due to low levels of heritable genetic diversity. To test this hypothesis, we took a global panel of Bd isolates and measured (i) the genetic relatedness among isolates, (ii) proteomic profiles of isolates, (iii) the susceptibility of isolates to the antifungal drug caspofungin, (iv) the variation among isolates in growth and phenotypic characteristics, and (v) the virulence of isolates against the European common toad Bufo bufo. Our results show (i) genotypic differentiation among isolates, (ii) proteomic differentiation among isolates, (iii) no significant differences in susceptibility to caspofungin, (iv) differentiation in growth and phenotypic/morphological characters, and (v) differential ...

The effect of past climatic changes on the distribution of organisms is a fertile field of research that has been tackled in many different ways. Because the fossil record provides direct access to the chronological and geographic dimensions of biological events occurred in the past, it can be a useful tool for assessing range contractions and expansions related to climatic changes. Here, we provide support for the recent shrinkage of the range of a frigophilous anuran, the common frog, Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758, by analyzing the amphibian fossil assemblage coming from the Grotta di Equi, a Late Pleistocene site (about 45 ka) located in the Apuan Alps (northern Apennine chain, Massa-Carrara Province, Italy). Besides, R. temporaria, the assemblage includes cf. Salamandra salamandra Linnaeus, 1758 and Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758. The presence of R. temporaria in the Apuan Alps during a cold interglacial phase at an elevation that is much lower than the minimum current elevation in the region (about

Brachycerus bufo is a species of Curculionidae family, Brachycerinae subfamily. Brachycerus bufo reaches a length of about 20 millimetres (0.79 in). The body is black, with yellowish spots. The abdomen is rounded. Zipcodezoo Catalogue of ...

In the Bufo spinulosus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 57. Considered a distinct species by Cei, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 82-92; still treated as a subspecies of Bufo spinulosus by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 84. Cei, 1962, Batr. Chile: 42-44, provided an account (as Bufo spinulosus atacemensis). Sallaberry-Ayerza and Méndez-Torres, 2002, Herpetol. Rev., 33: 218-219, commented on the range and provided a range extension. Sallaberry-Ayerza, Soto-M., Correa-Quezada, and Méndez-Torres, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 214, provided range extensions and discussed the range. Correa-Quezada, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Jara-Arancio, Lobos, Soto-M., and Méndez-Torres, 2008, Check List, 4: 478-484, detailed the range in and discussed all known records as well as providing evidence of allopatry of this species and Rhinella arunco. Veloso, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Correa-Quezada, and Méndez, 2012, J. Herpetol., 46: 568-577, found an area of contact in the Estero Pupío area ...

Homeopathic Bufo Rana - EXTREMITIES, LIMBS indications, uses & symptoms from 12 cross linked materia medicas. Available 8X-30X, 4C-30C, 200C, 30C, 200CH, 1M-10M

Poynton, Loader, Conradie, Rödel, and Liedtke, 2016, Zootaxa, 4098: 73-93, removed Sclerophrys pusilla from the synonymy of Sclerophrys maculata and redescribed the holotype of this species. See comments under Sclerophrys maculata for relevant literature. Angola records in Poynton and Haacke, 1993, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 36: 1-16 (as Bufo maculata). Poynton and Broadley, 1988, Ann. Natal Mus., 29: 460-463, discussed the uncertainty of the synonymy of Bufo pusillus with Bufo maculatus, citing immunological evidence of Maxson, 1981, Herpetologica, 37: 96-104. See also Lambiris, 1988, Lammergeyer, 39: 51, who recognized Bufo pusillus, and Channing, 1989, Lammergeyer, 40: 1, who disputed Lambiris conclusion. Rödel, 2000, Herpetofauna W. Afr., 1: 47-53, Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 84, Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 14-15, and Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 146-147, provided ...

Japans largest platform for academic e-journals: J-STAGE is a full text database for reviewed academic papers published by Japanese societies

There was a slow-relaxing tail of skeletal muscles in vitro upon the inhibition of Ca2+-pump by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Herein, a new linearly-combined bi-exponential model to resolve this slow-relaxing tail from the fast-relaxing phase was investigated for kinetic analysis of the isometric rela...

Since 2010 we annually host psychedelic music and art festival (previously known as Cosmic Frog festival). In 2014 we became one of the biggest in Czech.

Since 2010 we annually host psychedelic music and art festival (previously known as Cosmic Frog festival). In 2014 we became one of the biggest in Czech.

dinner, after : Aloe., anac., canth., cast., cycl., ferr., gamb., mag-c., mag-m., nat-c., nat-m., plb., psor., thuj., zinc.. dread of liquids, with : Agn., am-c., arn., bell., cann-i., canth., caust., cocc., hell., hyos., lac-c., lach., lyc., lyss., merc., nat-m., nux-v., rhus-t., samb., sel., stram., tarent.. eating, while : Ail., aloe., am-c., bufo., coc-c., cocc., lach., nat-c., psor.. after : Aloe., anac., bell., bry., calad., caust., coc-c., cocc., cycl., elaps., graph., guare., lyc., nat-c., nit-ac., phel., phos., sil.. extreme : Acet-ac., Acon., aesc., aeth., agar., all-c., all-s., alum., am-m., anac., anan., ant-c., ant-t., apis., Arg-n., arn., ars-h., ars-i., Ars., asar., aspar., aur-m., aur., bar-c., bar-i., bar-m., bell., bism., bor., bov., Bry., bufo., cadm., calad., Calc-s., Calc., camph., cann-s., canth., caps., carb-ac., carb-an., carb-s., carb-v., Caust., cedr., Cham., chel., Chin., chlor., cic., cina., coc-c., cocc., coff., colch., coloc., con., cop., croc., crot-c., crot-h., ...

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience ...

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience ...

O sapo do gênero Bufo possui nas suas glândulas paratóides uma secreção mucóide contendo toxinas como bufaginas e bufotoxinas, que são esteróides cardiogênicos. Os cães podem atacar os sapos, entrando em contato com o veneno por meio das mucosas. Um canino, da raça Bulldog Francês, foi encaminhado ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) para a necropsia com histórico de provável intoxicação por veneno de sapo. Na necropsia o canino apresentava pulmões aumentados de volume, avermelhados e com edema, e rins de coloração vermelho-escura. As alterações microscópicas indicaram congestão, hemorragia e edema pulmonar. Nos rins, no baço e nos linfonodos foi observada congestão. As análises toxicológicas para os venenos de rotina foram negativas. Porém, a investigação do veneno de sapo a partir de cromatografia por camada delgada e gasosa demonstrou resultado positivo, revelando ser esta a causa da morte do canino ...

Dubruille R, Murad A, Rosbash M, Emery P. A constant light-genetic screen identifies KISMET as a regulator of circadian photoresponses. PLoS Genet. 2009 Dec; 5(12):e1000787 ...

Live toads at Tesco? Like other Western firms, the store giant is having to adapt to local customs to cash in on Chinas economic boom

Does desiccation risk drive the distribution of juvenile cane toads (Bufo marinus) in tropical Australia? - Volume 25 Issue 2 - Travis Child, Benjamin L. Phillips, Richard Shine

In the late 1960s, LSD evangelist Art Kleps founded a psychedelic church called the Neo-American Church. The churchs newsletter was called Divine Toad Sweat.[3] In 1984, Bufo toad evangelist Albert Most revealed his Church of the Toad of Light with his publication of the book Bufo Alvarius: Psychedelic Toad of the Sonoran Desert. The Sonoran Desert is in New Mexico. This small booklet details how to use the Bufo toad for ritual and pleasure, as well as how to catch the Bufo alvarius toad, extract or milk the glandular secretions, dry them, and enjoy the smoked venom. Mosts book claims that 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) is the active hallucinogen, not bufotenine. He is correct, as 5-MeO-DMT is the O-methylated version of bufotenine.[4] Again, it is important to mention that 5-MeO-DMT is present in only one of the more than 200 types of Bufo toads ...

Light grey or tan skin with bumps, or warts all over. One large wart behind each eye, which is often brown. Puncturing and ingesting the liquid from these large warts will not kill a human or animal, but it will make them quite sick. Unlike the marine toad in Australia, whose warts have killed many domestic dogs and cats ...

Following freeze-fracture of the rat epididymis, a population of cells whose apical, but not baso-lateral, plasma membrane contains elongated intramembrane particles was found in the initial segment. From their size, shape and distribution, these cells are assumed to be the so-called apical cells of this segment. Apical cells also contain the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase which, together with the presence of rod-shaped particle on their membranes, permits their classification as mitochondria-rich cells, a specialized cell type found in some transporting epithelia. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that the apical cells may play a role in fluid and/or electrolyte transport in the initial segment of the epididymis. ...

Acetylglucosamine/immunology/*metabolism,*Antibodies, Monoclonal,Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/metabolism,Epitopes/immunology/metabolism,Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect,Humans,Immunoenzyme Techniques,Metaplasia/immunology/metabolism/pathology,*Mitochondria,Neoplasms/immunology/*metabolism/pathology,Oxyphil Cells/*metabolism/pathology,Tumor Markers, Biological/immunology/ ...

Abstract. In this paper we present information on fluorescent frogs that will be of use to interested researchers. We describe practical details and provide new data on the phenomenon in Boana punctata, while reporting for the first time its occurrence in the closely related B. atlantica. Both species leave persistent fluorescent marks on the substrate in field and lab conditions, the biological role of which, if any, remains unknown. We discuss briefly the heuristic criteria employed to identify other anuran species most likely to be fluorescent-at least in a similar way to that described in B. atlantica and B. punctata-and provide a list of 281 species in seven families (Arthroleptidae, Centrolenidae, Hemiphractidae, Hylidae, Hyperoliidae, Mantellidae, and Rhacophoridae) that should be tested for the occurrence of fluorescence. Finally, we discuss some general aspects related to anuran coloration, fluorescence, and criteria to assess its biological role, if any, commenting on the role of pteridins and

I recently downloaded the new 10.x version of TOAD and could not connect to my databases. Still running TOAD 9.x, no problem. This really threw me off for a minute, so I thought I would share the resolution. You are likely running a 64-bit Windows OS and have installed TOAD into C:\Program Files (x86)\.... I simply copied over my entire Quest Software directory from C:\Program Files (x86)\... to C:\Program Files\..., and restarted the TOAD.exe. Everything is working great, without having to reinstall anything. PS: Not sure who to blame here. Vendors (like Oracle and TOAD) should know Microsoft is capable ... Read More

I recently downloaded the new 10.x version of TOAD and could not connect to my databases. Still running TOAD 9.x, no problem. This really threw me off for a minute, so I thought I would share the resolution. You are likely running a 64-bit Windows OS and have installed TOAD into C:\Program Files (x86)\.... I simply copied over my entire Quest Software directory from C:\Program Files (x86)\... to C:\Program Files\..., and restarted the TOAD.exe. Everything is working great, without having to reinstall anything. PS: Not sure who to blame here. Vendors (like Oracle and TOAD) should know Microsoft is capable ... Read More

View our Animals Amphibians Toads Nearctic Toads American Toad Gallery from Media Storehouse. Framed Prints, Posters, Canvas, Puzzles, Metal, Photo Gifts and Wall Art

It was the clear cellophane bags of toads that made us linger. As I stared at the toads, one of them suddenly moved. Holy moly. All the toads were alive.

A toad is an amphibian of the order Anura, a classification which also includes the frog. I always thought the difference between toads and frogs revolv...

Pulmonary Respiration System of Toad: Pulmonary respiration is breathing through the lungs, as human do. Lungs are the main respiratory organs of toad. The

See all of Nova Toads Xbox achievements, what theyve been playing, and their upcoming gaming sessions on trueachievements.com