TY - JOUR. T1 - TLR3-mediated synthesis and release of Eotaxin-1/CCL11 from human bronchial smooth muscle cells stimulated with double-stranded RNA. AU - Niimi, Kyoko. AU - Asano, Koichiro. AU - Shiraishi, Yoshiki. AU - Nakajima, Takeshi. AU - Wakaki, Misa. AU - Kagyo, Junko. AU - Takihara, Takahisa. AU - Suzuki, Yusuke. AU - Fukunaga, Koichi. AU - Shiomi, Tetsuya. AU - Oguma, Tsuyoshi. AU - Sayama, Koichi. AU - Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro. AU - Natori, Yukikazu. AU - Matsumoto, Misako. AU - Seya, Tsukasa. AU - Yamaya, Mutsuo. AU - Ishizaka, Akitoshi. PY - 2007/1/1. Y1 - 2007/1/1. N2 - Respiratory infections with RNA viruses, such as rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus, are a major cause of asthma exacerbation, accompanied by enhanced neutrophilic and/or eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. We studied the effects of dsRNA synthesized during RNA virus replication, and of its receptor, TLR3, on the synthesis of eosinophilic chemokines in bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC). Synthetic dsRNA, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterisation of exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation from human primary bronchial epithelial cells. AU - Downey, N.. AU - McGarvey, L.. AU - Martin, S.L.. AU - Crilly, A.. AU - Lundy, F.T.. N1 - Conference code: 7. PY - 2020/2/3. Y1 - 2020/2/3. N2 - Introduction: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, approximately 50-150 nm in size, which contain a range of proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs, and have been implicated in cell-cell communication. We have undertaken a study to investigate the functional role of exosomes in cell-cell cross talk between airway epithelial cells and sensory nerves with relevance to cough hypersensitivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Here we report on isolation and characterisation of exosomes from human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs).Methods:Exosomes were isolated from cell culture supernatant of PBECs using an ultracentrifugation protocol in line with recommendations from the International Society for Extracellular ...

The trachea (windpipe) divides into two main bronchi (also mainstem bronchi), the left and the right, at the level of the sternal angle. The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus. The right main bronchus subdivides into three segmental bronchi while the left main bronchus divides into two. The lobar bronchi divide into tertiary bronchi. Each of the segmental bronchi supplies a bronchopulmonary segment. A bronchopulmonary segment is a division of a lung that is separated from the rest of the lung by a connective tissue septum. This property allows a bronchopulmonary segment to be surgically removed without affecting other segments. There are ten segments per lung, but due to anatomic development, several segmental bronchi in the left lung fuse, giving rise to eight. The segmental bronchi divide into many primary bronchioles which divide into terminal bronchioles, each of which then gives rise to several respiratory bronchioles, which go on to divide ...

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Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in lung carcinogenesis via carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrosamines. In this study, we used benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the classic PAH compound and BEAS-2B cells, a model of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, to investigate whether 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (5,7-DMF) and 3,4-DMF compared with resveratrol (RV) have chemopreventive properties in this cancer. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to [(3)H]BaP (1 microM) showed increasing binding to DNA up to 72 h of exposure, about 20-fold higher than that at 0.5 h exposure. BaP exposure also increased both CYP1A1/1B1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) enzyme activities with a maximum 10-fold increase at 48 h. BaP induced CYP1A1 protein and mRNA levels maximally after 48 h. In contrast, although CYP1B1 mRNA was rapidly induced, its protein expression showed a very poor response. Simultaneous treatment with BaP and 5,7-DMF, 3,4-DMF or RV for 48 h inhibited BaP-DNA binding by , or ...

In this article, we provide an overview of the experimental workflow by the Lung and Particle Research Group at Cardiff University, that led to the development of the two in vitro lung models - the normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) model and the lung-liver model, Metabo-Lung™. This work was jointly awarded the 2013 Lush Science Prize. The NHBE model is a three-dimensional, in vitro, human tissue-based model of the normal human bronchial epithelium, and Metabo-Lung involves the co-culture of the NHBE model with primary human hepatocytes, thus permitting the biotransformation of inhaled toxicants in an in vivo-like manner. Both models can be used as alternative test systems that could replace the use of animals in research and development for safety and toxicity testing in a variety of industries (e.g. the pharmaceutical, environmental, cosmetics, and food industries). Metabo-Lung itself is a unique tool for the in vitro detection of toxins produced by reactive metabolites. This 21st ...

Trachea R. cranial lobar bronchus. R. middle lobar bronchus R. caudal lobar bronchus R. accessory lobar bronchus L. cranial lobar bronchus. L. caudal lobar bronchus. Return to Gross Anatomy

The subdivision of the lung is characterised by the branching of the bronchi: the bronchial tree. The main bronchi form the stem of the bronchial tree, which splits within the lung dichotomously. The right main bronchus is called bronchus principalis dexter, the left bronchus is called bronchus principalis sinister. The main bronchi are divided into lobar bronchi - right in three lobar bronchi: bronchi lobares superior, medius and inferior and left into the bronchi lobares superior and inferior. Thereafter, there follows further division into segmental bronchi - right 10, left 9 segmental bronchi. This is followed by subsegmental bronchi, the bronchioles and finally the bronchioli terminales. The conductive, air-transporting phase of the bronchial tree ends here. Thereafter follows the sectional formation, which serves for gas exchange and as the lung parenchyma in the narrow sense. These include the bronchioli respiratorii, the ductus alveolaris and sacculi alveolares. The respiratory ...

Mathis C, Poussin C, Weisensee D, Gebel S, Hengstermann A, Sewer A, Belcastro V, Xiang Y, Ansari S, Wagner S, Hoeng J, Peitsch M.. Philip Morris International, Neuchatel, Switzerland. The exposition of cigarette smoke on Human AIR-100 tissues shows equivalent results in MMP-1 release, gene expression and microRNA profiles to in vivo smokers tissue.. Abstract. Organotypic culture of human primary bronchial epithelial cells is a useful in vitro system to study normal biological processes and lung disease mechanisms, to develop new therapies, and to assess the biological perturbations induced by environmental pollutants. Herein, we investigate whether the perturbations induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and observed in the epithelium of smokers airways are reproducible in this in vitro system (AIR-100 tissue), which has been shown to recapitulate most of the characteristics of the human bronchial epithelium. Human AIR-100 tissues were exposed to mainstream CS for 7, 14, 21, or 28 min at the ...

Looking for Respiratory bronchioles? Find out information about Respiratory bronchioles. any of the smallest bronchial tubes, usually ending in alveoli A small, thin-walled branch of a bronchus, usually terminating in alveoli Explanation of Respiratory bronchioles

Our previous study, consistent with others, has shown that the serum YKL-40 levels in asthmatics were significantly elevated and were associated with asthma severity. Although these studies raise the possibility that YKL-40 may influence asthma, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in YKL-40-mediated IL-8 production from human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and analyzed the soluble factors (including IL-8) secreted by BEAS-2B exposed to YKL-40 that were responsible for increasing proliferation and migration of primary normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). We found BEAS-2B treated with YKL-40 resulted in a significant increase of IL-8 expression and release. Moreover, YKL-40 mediated phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, but not p38 in BEAS-2B. Transfection using a NF-κB-luciferase reporter also showed YKL-40 induced IL-8 at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, BEAS-2B pretreated with inhibitors of JNK, ERK or NF-κB decreased IL-8 ...

MatTeks Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (NHBE) provide an ideal serum-free culture system to study cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, drug

Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is an important neutrophil chemoattractant known to be elevated in the airways of cigarette smokers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a syndrome associated with chronic cigarette smoking. We examined the acute effect of aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on IL-8 expression in normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMC) and alveolar macrophages. CSE upregulates IL-8 mRNA levels in a concentration and time-dependent manner and such an effect was accompanied by IL-8 secretion into the extracellular medium. CSE-evoked elevation of IL-8 mRNA was mimicked by its component acrolein at concentrations (3-30µM) found in CSE. Both CSE and acrolein induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation which was accompanied by the phosphorylation of MAPK-activated kinase 2 (MK2), a known downstream substrate of the p38 MAPK. In both HBSMC and human alveolar macrophages, pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or MK2 strongly ...

Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:01 AM Subject: [Histonet] Immunocytofluorescence on smooth muscle cells > Hello, > > > We are a new lab and we try to develop Immuno-cyto-fluorescence techniques > in the lab. > We are working with human bronchial smooth muscle cells. > I have currently a very big problem with all rabbit antibodies. All rabbit > antibodies (including IgG as isotype) give a non-specific signal, signal in > the nucleus and cytoplasm with very high intensity. There is no signal > between cells. > > This problem does not exist with Rat and mouse antibodies I have used. > > - I have tried different fixation methods (PFA 4%, acetone-methanol (1/1), > and kit like permeafix). > > - I have tried different blocking solution (Rabbit serum 2%, FBS 2%, Horse > serum and Universal blocker solution from Dako) without any results. > > - I have tried different diluents for my antibody (PBS 1X, PBS 1x-BSA 3%, > Dako diluents) > > - I have tried different permeabilization methods (saponin, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Interleukin-8 gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells*. AU - Nakamura, H.. AU - Yoshimura, K.. AU - Jaffe, H. A.. AU - Crystal, Ronald. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - The capacity of cells of the human bronchial epithelium to express the gene for interleukin-8 (IL-8) was evaluated in bronchial epithelium derived cell lines, HS-24 and BET-1A, using tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) as a model inflammatory stimulus. As in other epithelium, TNF markedly increased the level of the 1.8-kilobase IL-8 mRNA transcripts in both bronchial epithelial cell lines. In HS-24 cells, nuclear run-on analyses showed the IL-8 gene transcription rate was dramatically increased, more than 30-fold, after TNF stimulation. The half-life of IL-8 mRNA transcripts in these cells was approximately 40 min and did not change after TNF stimulation, suggesting that TNF up-regulated IL-8 gene expression mainly at the transcriptional level. DNase I hypersensitivity site mapping of chromatin DNA in ...

Right middle lobar bronchus aka Bronchus lobaris medius dexter in the latin terminology and part of structures of the trachea and the bronchi seen from the anterior and posterior views. Learn more now!

The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus is the major airway within the right lung accessory lobe that starts at the division of the bronchus on the right side and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi [ LG ...

Cyclin D1 and other cyclins activate cyclin-dependent kinases to promote cell growth, and their overexpression has been associated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis (1 , 2) . In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Dragnev et al. (3) report that promoting proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, which results in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, is a mechanism of cancer chemoprevention by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and some other structurally unrelated agents. This research group has previously shown that RA prevents carcinogenic transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B by causing G1 cell cycle arrest and triggering cyclin D1 degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (4, 5, 6) . In the present study, the authors demonstrate further that cyclin E is also targeted for degradation by RA treatment. Treatment of BEAS-2B cells with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR), a nonclassical retinoid) and ...

CD1d is a MHC I like molecule which presents glycolipid to natural killer T (NKT) cells, a group of cells with diverse but critical immune regulatory functions in the immune system. These cells are required for optimal defence against bacterial, viral, protozoan, and fungal infections, and control of immune-pathology and autoimmune diseases. CD1d is expressed on antigen presenting cells but also found on some non-haematopoietic cells. However, it has not been observed on bronchial epithelium, a site of active host defence in the lungs. Here, we identify for the first time, CD1D mRNA variants and CD1d protein expression on human bronchial epithelial cells, describe six alternatively spliced transcripts of this gene in these cells; and show that these variants are specific to epithelial cells. These findings provide the basis for investigations into a role for CD1d in lung mucosal immunity.

Hamartomas are benign tumor-like malformations which was originally described by Albrecht.1 Hamartomas of the lung can be pulmonary or endobronchially. A 37-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with a 3-month history of progressive dyspnea. She had a 20 pack-year smoking history. Physical examination revealed decreased respiratory sounds in the left lung field. The chest X-ray showed atelectasis of the left lower lobe (Fig. 1a). Computed tomography revealed a 2cm×3cm×1.5cm homogeneous mass, obstructing the left lower bronchus. Rigid bronchocopy was done for diagnosis and treatment to maintain airway safety. A vegetating, pedunculated lesion covered with a normal bronchial epithelium was observed obstructing the entrance of the left main bronchus (Fig. 1c). Distal bronchus was observed to be patent. The tumor was extracted with the snare prob and cryotherapy was applied to the base of the tumor (Fig. 1d). Postoperatively, the dyspnea subsided and the atelectasis in the left lower lobe ...

In the lungs, air is diverted into smaller and smaller passages, or bronchi. Air enters the lungs through the two primary (main) bronchi (singular: bronchus). Each bronchus divides into secondary bronchi, then into tertiary bronchi, which in turn divide, creating smaller and smaller diameter bronchioles as they split and spread through the lung. Like the trachea, the bronchi are made of cartilage and smooth muscle. At the bronchioles, the cartilage is replaced with elastic fibers. Bronchi are innervated by nerves of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems that control muscle contraction (parasympathetic) or relaxation (sympathetic) in the bronchi and bronchioles, depending on the nervous systems cues. In humans, bronchioles with a diameter smaller than 0.5 mm are the respiratory bronchioles. They lack cartilage and therefore rely on inhaled air to support their shape. As the passageways decrease in diameter, the relative amount of smooth muscle increases.. The terminal ...

Abstract: Classical studies in embryology demonstrated that stroma is necessary for the proper specification and differentiation of epithelial tissues. Recently, it was shown that the stroma is involved in the homeostatic maintenance of adult tissues, and under pathologic conditions, promotes the development and progression of diseases such as cancer. Hence, pulmonary diseases such as asthma, fibr... read moreosis and cancer can be understood in the context of altered communications between the epithelial and stromal tissue compartments. Bronchi are the conducting airways of the lung. Bronchi trap and eliminate inhaled particles through the coordinated actions of mucus secretion and the beating of cilia. However, inhaled toxicants and carcinogens are linked to several broncho-pulmonary pathologies, including asthma and lung cancer, which is the single deadliest cancer in the United States; since most lung cancers are attributed to tobacco smoke, it is also one of the most avoidable of cancers. ...

3896 Purpose: To evaluate the oncogenic impact of p53 knockdown, mutant K-RASV12, mutant EGFR alone and their combination on tumorigenicity of a newly developed immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line. Background: Molecular analysis of lung cancer has revealed several genetic and epigenetic alterations in the multistep pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, little is known about the relative importance of each individual alteration on the tumorigenic process. One approach is to use a model system in which the contribution of each genetic alteration to lung tumorigenesis can be assessed individually and combinatorially. We have developed an in vitro model system using normal human bronchial epithelial cells that overexpress Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and human telomerase. Ectopic expression of these two genes enables the cells to bypass the growth inhibitory signals of the p16/Rb pathway and also replicative senescence induced by shortened telomeres. We manipulated this cell line (HBEC3), ...

Chronic inflammatory processes in the respiratory system such as bronchial asthma are characterised by airway wall remodelling with degradation and synthesis of interstitial matrix proteins and migration of bronchial epithelial cells.1,2 Degradation of collagen type IV is a critical step in the inflammatory disorganisation of the airway wall, and is mainly determined by the balance between matrix degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Among them, gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9), as well as TIMP-1, released from bronchial epithelial cells seem to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.3 MMP-9 is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid4 and bronchial tissue in patients with bronchial asthma,5,6 while the expression of TIMP-1 is increased to a lesser extent, thus shifting the balance towards matrix degradation in the airway wall. Various proinflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ...

At this years SOT two events will highlight ISABs 3D Cell culturing system XposeALI. An exhibitor hosted session on Monday 14 March in Room 211 (1200 - 1300) will demonstrate XposeALIs work on the inflammatory and toxic effects of cells exposed to airborne particles, and its possibilities when studying nanoparticles. Karolinska Institutet Assoc. Prof Lena Palmberg will share how her team has successfully used XposeALI in its work on nanoparticles in air pollution.. On Tuesday 15 March, 1300-1500 Lena Palmberg hosts a poster session on advanced 3D-models developed with human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) for exposure to nanoparticles: 3D Cell and Organ-on-a-Chip Models.. XposeALI allows for the exposure of lung cells using respirable size aerosols via the PreciseInhale system. This combination of aerosol capability and 3D-models with primary bronchial epithelial cells cultured in an Air Liquid Interface (ALI) makes the system exceptionally precise, providing close mimicking of ...

Reports of cavitary lung cancer are not uncommon, and the cavity generally contains either dilated bronchi or cancer cells. Recently, we encountered a surgical case of cavitary lung cancer whose cavity tended to enlarge during long-term follow-up, and was found to be lined with normal bronchial epithelium and adenocarcinoma cells.. Keywords: cavitary lung cancer, surgery, histology, bronchial epithelium, traction bronchiectasis. ...

Primary cells maintain physiological relevance and thus find increasing use in life science research and pharmaceutical drug discovery

BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject-specific sections.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Tobacco smoke exposure is the strongest aetiological factor associated with lung cancer. In this study, using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), we comprehensively examined the effect of active smoking by comparing the transcriptomes of clinical specimens obtained from current, former and never smokers, and identified genes showing both reversible and irreversible expression changes upon smoking cessation. Twenty-four SAGE profiles of the bronchial epithelium of eight current, twelve former and four never smokers were generated and analyzed. In total, 3,111,471 SAGE tags representing over 110 thousand potentially unique transcripts were generated, comprising the largest human SAGE study to date. We identified 1,733 constitutively expressed genes in current, former and never smoker transcriptomes. We have also identified both reversible and irreversible gene expression changes upon cessation of smoking; reversible changes were

NL20 (ATCC CRL-2503) is an immortalized, nontumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cell line derived from normal bronchus taken from an accident victim at autopsy. The cell line was established by transfection with the origin of replication-defective SV40 large T plasmid, p129.

Background/Aims: Chemokine signaling from airway epithelium regulates macrophage recruitment to the lung in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. This study investigates the mechanism by which the a-melanocyte stimulating hormone-derived tripeptide, KPV, and the agonist of the dominant melanocortin receptor in airway epithelium (MC3R), ?-melanocyte stimulating hormone (?-MSH), suppress inflammation in immortalised human bronchial airway epithelium. Methods: TNFa and rhino syncitial virus (RSV)-evoked nuclear factor-?B (NF?B) signaling was measured in immortalised human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) in response to KPV and ?MSH. Cellular and systemic inflammatory signaling was measured by NF?B reporter gene and chemokine (IL8, eotaxin) secretion, respectively. Results: KPV and ?MSH evoked a dose-dependent inhibition of NF?B, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, IL8 and eotaxin secretion. The KPV effect was associated with its nuclear import, I?Ba stabilisation and suppressed nuclear ...

Bronchial are all the airway tubes in the lungs, bronchus are the larger tubes from the trachea, bronchi are the many branches and bronchiole

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has increased the life expectancy of HIV patients. However, the incidence of non-AIDS associated lung comorbidities, such as COPD and asthma, and that of opportunistic lung infections have become more common among this population. HIV proteins secreted by the anatomical HIV reservoirs can have both autocrine and paracrine effects contributing to the HIV-associated comorbidities. HIV has been recovered from cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alveolar macrophages, and intrapulmonary lymphocytes. We have recently shown that ex-vivo cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells and the bronchial brushings from human subjects express canonical HIV receptors CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 and can be infected with HIV. Together these studies suggest that the lung tissue can serve as an important reservoir for HIV. In this report, we show that TGF-β1 promotes HIV latency by upregulating a transcriptional repressor BLIMP-1. Furthermore, we identify miR-9-5p as an important

The lungs are part of the lower respiratory tract, and accommodate the bronchial airways when they branch from the trachea. The bronchial airways terminate in alveoli, the lung parenchyma (the tissue in between), and veins, arteries, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.[3][11] The trachea and bronchi have plexuses of lymph capillaries in their mucosa and submucosa. The smaller bronchi have a single layer of lymph capillaries, and they are absent in the alveoli.[12] All of the lower respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles is lined with respiratory epithelium. This is a ciliated epithelium interspersed with goblet cells which produce mucus, and club cells with actions similar to macrophages. Incomplete tracheal rings of cartilage and smaller plates of cartilage in the bronchi, keep these airways open.[13] Bronchioles are too narrow to support cartilage and their walls are of smooth muscle, and this is largely absent in the narrower respiratory bronchioles which are mainly just ...

SLC26A9 does not contribute to airway Cl- secretion and is not essential for lung health under physiological conditions. We first compared lung morphology and ion transport properties in native bronchial tissues from naive wild-type and Slc26a9-/- mice. Consistent with previous immunolocalization studies (8, 15), Slc26a9 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in bronchi from naive wild-type mice (Supplemental Figure 1; supplemental material available online with this article; doi: 10.1172/JCI60429DS1). Morphological evaluation demonstrated that the conducting airways and alveolar airspaces were structurally normal and that lungs of Slc26a9-/- mice did not show evidence of spontaneous lung disease (Figure 1, A and B). To determine whether SLC26A9 contributed to constitutive Cl- secretion in native airway epithelia, as previously described for cultured HBE cells (11), we first compared bioelectric properties of freshly excised bronchial tissues from wild-type and Slc26a9-/- mice under HCO3--free ...

Synonyms for bronchus in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for bronchus. 1 synonym for bronchus: bronchial tube. What are synonyms for bronchus?

anatomy of lung bronchi,lung anatomy segmental bronchi,lung bronchi anatomy,lung bronchial anatomy,right lung bronchi anatomy,Boem.me

Bronchial asthma often starts in early childhood. Clinical manifestation of the disease is likely due to inflammatory processes in the airways initiated by various stimuli. Developed remodelling is regularly observed in the bronchial mucosa of adult asthmatics but we still lack information about its onset and latter development with the natural course of the disease. In this study, we analysed histological findings in bronchial biopsies obtained from very young children (under 4 yr of age). We hypothesized that initial undetectable changes in the airway epithelium of children predisposed to asthma may be one of the first mechanisms leading to morphological changes in the bronchial mucosa. ...

The bronchial airway epithelial cell (BAEC) is the site for initial encounters between inhaled environmental factors and the lower respiratory system. Our hypothesis was that release of pro inflammatory interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-8 from primary BAEC cultured from children will be increased after in vitro exposure to common environmental factors. Primary BAEC were obtained from children undergoing clinically indicated routine general anaesthetic procedures. Cells were exposed to three different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or house dust mite allergen (HDM) or particulates extracted from side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS). BAEC were obtained from 24 children (mean age 7.0 years) and exposed to stimuli. Compared with the negative control, there was an increase in IL-6 and IL-8 release after exposure to HDM (p ≤ 0.001 for both comparisons). There was reduced IL-6 after higher compared to lower SSCS exposure (p = 0.023). There was no change in BAEC release of IL-6 or IL-8 after LPS exposure.

Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, amp Lungs Bronchi and Bronchial Tree. In the mediastinum, at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, the trachea divides into the right and

NL20 (ATCC CRL-2503) is an immortalized, nontumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cell line derived from normal bronchus taken from an accident victim at autopsy. The cell line was established by transfection with the origin of replication-defective SV40 large T plasmid, p129. NL20 cells at passage 183 were inoculated into nude mice and a small slowly growing subcutaneous tumor developed from a minor clone in this otherwise stable cell line.

The trachea, or wind pipe, divides into two main bronchi, which further divide several more times into smaller bronchioles, forming the bronchial tree that feeds air into the lungs. In bronchiectasis, bronchi are irreversibly dilated due to destruction of elastic and muscular components of airway walls, with or without accompanying accumulation of lung secretions.

The anterior bronchus sign refers to the appearance of the anterior segmental bronchus of the upper lobes as seen on a frontal chest radiograph. Gross anatomy The anterior segment bronchus of the upper lobes courses anteriorly and laterally. Wh...

4-stage cross-section of the bronchus demonstrating the tissue changes occurring in asthma and chronic bronchitis. 4-stages: normal bronchus, hypersecretion of the mucous gland, swelling with lymphoid aggregations and smooth-muscle spasm.

Lung bronchus cross-section, coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). This longitudinal freeze-fracture has exposed the inner epithelial surface of a bronchus (pink). The different ciliated and secretory cells are just visible. The bronchus is surrounded by pale pink lung tissue consisting mainly of alveolar elements (alveoli). Two blood vessels (orange lumens) are at upper left and top right. Magnification: x150 when printed at 10 centimetres across. - Stock Image C004/7743

Bronchi help transport air to and from the lungs; they send oxygen to the lungs and allow carbon dioxide to exit the lungs. The bronchi are a part of the respiratory tract that act as an extension of...

Another word for bronchi. Find more ways to say bronchi, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the worlds most trusted free thesaurus.

In this study, we set out to evaluate methods to delay cell senescence while maintaining plasticity/differentiation potential in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. This is important as these cells have a key role to play in respiratory disease warranting further research. However, such primary cells are isolated from patients by invasive procedures and have limited lifespan ex vivo. We have developed two lentiviral systems that enabled us to elevate the expression of polycomb protein BMI‐1 and importantly suppress p16 levels in cells containing these genetic modifications. Extensive characterization over 12 months demonstrated that cells expressing higher levels of BMI‐1 have (1) increased viability, (2) an extended number of cell divisions, (3) maintain basal epithelial morphology, (4) maintain plasticity, that is, the ability to form a differentiated pseudostratified air-liquid interface model, and (5) importantly maintain a normal karyotype. These data suggest that the cell ...

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes commonly occurs in human cancers via increasing DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications at gene promoters. However, little is known about how pathogenic environmental factors contribute to cancer development by affecting epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Previously, we reported that both hypoxia and nickel (an environmental carcinogen) increased global histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in cells through inhibiting a novel class of iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent histone demethylases. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of histone demethylase JMJD1A by hypoxia and nickel could lead to repression/silencing of JMJD1A-targeted gene(s). By using Affymetrix GeneChip and ChIP-on-chip technologies, we identified Spry2 gene, a key regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, as one of the JMJD1A-targeted genes in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Both hypoxia and nickel exposure ...

Human tracheobronchial epithelial cells have been serially passaged in serum-free medium. This serum-free model was employed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Ca2+ (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) on multiplication and morphology of the cells. The responses were analysed in terms of growth kinetics, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations. Culturing of the cells in high Ca2+ (1.0-2.0 mM) medium stimulated cell multiplication characterized by increased colony forming efficiency, greater number of cells per colony and cell population doublings per day. Additionally, the high Ca2+ concentrations induced proliferation in cultures grown to confluency in low Ca2+ (0.1 mM) medium. Cells propagated in low Ca2+ medium consisted of relatively heterogeneous cell populations, with most cells staining positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent. Ultrastructurally the cells exhibited secretory vesicles and microvilli on their surfaces, small desmosomes and intercellular interdigitation ...

Looking for online definition of respiratory bronchioles in the Medical Dictionary? respiratory bronchioles explanation free. What is respiratory bronchioles? Meaning of respiratory bronchioles medical term. What does respiratory bronchioles mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - A novel Ca2+ influx pathway activated by mechanical stretch in human airway smooth muscle cells. AU - Ito, Satoru. AU - Kume, Hiroaki. AU - Naruse, Keiji. AU - Kondo, Masashi. AU - Takeda, Naoya. AU - Iwata, Susumu. AU - Hasegawa, Yoshinori. AU - Sokabe, Masahiro. PY - 2008/4/1. Y1 - 2008/4/1. N2 - In response to mechanical stretch, airway smooth muscle exhibits various cellular functions such as contraction, proliferation, and cytoskeletal remodeling, all of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical stretch of airway smooth muscle cells increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] i) by activating stretch-activated (SA) nonselective cation channels. A single uniaxial stretch (3 s) was given to human bronchial smooth muscle cells cultured on an elastic silicone membrane. After the mechanical stretch, a transient increase in [Ca2+]i was observed. The [Ca 2+]i increase was significantly dependent on stretch amplitude. The ...

The trachea (windpipe) divides at the carina into two main or primary bronchi, the left bronchus and the right bronchus. The carina of the trachea is located at the level of the sternal angle and the fifth thoracic vertebra (at rest). The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus,[3] its mean length is 1.09 cm.[4] It enters the root of the right lung at approximately the fifth thoracic vertebra. The right main bronchus subdivides into three secondary bronchi (also known as lobar bronchi), which deliver oxygen to the three lobes of the right lung-the superior, middle and inferior lobe. The azygos vein arches over it from behind; and the right pulmonary artery lies at first below and then in front of it. About 2 cm from its commencement it gives off a branch to the superior lobe of the right lung, which is also called the eparterial bronchus. Eparterial refers to its position above the right pulmonary artery. The right bronchus now passes below the ...

The trachea (windpipe) divides at the carina into two main or primary bronchi, the left bronchus and the right bronchus. The carina of the trachea is located at the level of the sternal angle and the fifth thoracic vertebra (at rest). The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus,[3] its mean length is 1.09 cm.[4] It enters the root of the right lung at approximately the fifth thoracic vertebra. The right main bronchus subdivides into three secondary bronchi (also known as lobar bronchi), which deliver oxygen to the three lobes of the right lung-the superior, middle and inferior lobe. The azygos vein arches over it from behind; and the right pulmonary artery lies at first below and then in front of it. About 2 cm from its commencement it gives off a branch to the superior lobe of the right lung, which is also called the eparterial bronchus. Eparterial refers to its position above the right pulmonary artery. The right bronchus now passes below the ...

Arguably the simplest way to achieve one-lung ventilation is through deliberate bronchial intubation with a standard endotracheal tube. If this is used as a blind technique, the tube is most likely to go down the right main bronchus, as the course of the right main bronchus is more in line with the trachea than the course of the left, which comes off at the carina at a bigger angle.. [drawing]. This technique has several drawbacks: When a standard ETT is used to intubate the right main bronchus, the tube cuff is very likely to occlude the right upper lobe bronchus. So in addition to isolating the left lung this technique can inadvertently also isolate a significant part of the right lung. A second disadvantage is that left main bronchus intubation is not reliably achieved when this technique is used blindly. A fiberoptic scope is therefore frequently necessary to place a tube into the left main bronchus.. ...

Age-related changes of the dopamine nerve fibres of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) were investigated in male Wistar rats of 3 months (young), and 24 months (old/aged). Dopamine histofluorescence techniques have been used, associated with image analysis for the detection of dopamine nerve fibres. In young rats, white, fluorescent nerve fibres supply BALT. This tissue is innervated by a delicate network of nerve fibres rich in varicosities. In old rats these fluorescent nerve fibres are strongly reduced. Moreover, dopamine D1a and D1b receptors were stained using fluorescent monoclonal antibodies. The BALT of young rats possesses a higher number of D1a and D1b receptors, while, in the old rats, these receptors are strongly reduced. The possible significance of reduced dopamine neurotransmission in BALT of aged rats is discussed.

CFBE41o- 4.7 WT-CFTR Human CF Bronchial Epithelial Cell Line CFBE41o- 4.7 WT-CFTR human CF bronchial epithelial cell line may be used to study the relationship between CFTR mRNA expression and Cl transport function. - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.

Low-grade, small cell lymphoma/Primary pulmonary lymphoma of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) (B-cell type). Low-grade, B-cell lymphomas are believed to be derived from cells of the marginal zone of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. These cell spend their lives in BALT, regional lymph nodes, and the blood where they may visit other mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue before homing to BALT (see diagram).. ...

Lymphocytes from LN and spleen of 3-4-mo-old NOD mice were labeled by incubating 2 × 107 cells/ml with 0.8 μg/ml TRITC in labeling medium (50% RPMI 1640, 48.5% HBSS, and 1.5% BCS) at 37°C for 15 min (19). Similarly, rat LN and spleen lymphocytes were labeled with 4 μM CFSE as described previously for TRITC (20). The cells were centrifuged through BCS, washed, and resuspended in transfer medium (DMEM with 10 mM Hepes, and 1% BCS).. To block endothelial adhesion molecules, each host mouse received 500 μg intravenously of anti-endothelial adhesion molecule or control mAb, followed 30 min later by 5 × 107 TRITC-labeled mouse cells intravenously. To block lymphocyte adhesion molecules, TRITC-labeled mouse cells were treated with 10 μg/ml anti-lymphocyte adhesion molecule or control mAb on ice for 10 min; 5 × 107 mouse cells and 108 CFSE-labeled rat cells were transferred intravenously into each host. The rat cells, which do not react with the anti-mouse lymphocyte adhesion molecule mAbs used ...

List of 10 disease causes of Tracheobronchial airway obstruction, patient stories, diagnostic guides. Diagnostic checklist, medical tests, doctor questions, and related signs or symptoms for Tracheobronchial airway obstruction.

The avian lung has a highly sophisticated morphology with a complex vascular system. Extant data regarding avian pulmonary angioarchitecture are few and contradictory. We used corrosion casting techniques, light microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the development, topography, and distribution of the parabronchial vasculature in the chicken lung. The arterial system was divisible into three hierarchical generations, all formed external to the parabronchial capillary meshwork. These included the interparabronchial arteries (A1) that ran parallel to the long axes of parabronchi and gave rise to orthogonal parabronchial arteries (A2) that formed arterioles (A3). The arterioles formed capillaries that participated in the formation of the parabronchial mantle. The venous system comprised six hierarchical generations originating from the luminal aspect of the parabronchi, where capillaries converged to form occasional tiny infundibular venules (V6) around ...

An increasing number of studies using primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) have reported intrinsic differences in the expression of several genes between cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors. The stability of gene expression by primary BECs with increasing cell passage number has not been well characterized. To determine if expression by primary BECs from asthmatic and non-asthmatic children of selected genes associated with airway remodeling, innate immune response, immunomodulatory factors, and markers of differentiated airway epithelium, are stable over increasing cell passage number, we studied gene expression patterns in passages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 BECs from asthmatic (n = 6) and healthy (n = 6) subjects that were differentiated at an air-liquid interface. RNA was harvested from BECs and RT-PCR was performed for TGFβ1, TGFβ2, activin A, FSTL3, MUC5AC, TSLP, IL-33, CXCL10, IFIH1, p63, KT5, TUBB4A, TJP1, OCLN, and FOXJ1. Expression of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, activin A, FSTL3, MUC5AC,

TY - JOUR. T1 - Multipotent capacity of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. AU - Delgado, Oliver. AU - Kaisani, Aadil A.. AU - Spinola, Monica. AU - Xie, Xian Jin. AU - Batten, Kimberly G.. AU - Minna, John D.. AU - Wright, Woodring E.. AU - Shay, Jerry W.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - While the adult murine lung utilizes multiple compartmentally restricted progenitor cells during homeostasis and repair, much less is known about the progenitor cells from the human lung. Translating the murine stem cell model to humans is hindered by anatomical differences between species. Here we show that human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) display characteristics of multipotent stem cells of the lung. These HBECs express markers indicative of several epithelial types of the adult lung when experimentally tested in cell culture. When cultured in three different three-dimensional (3D) systems, subtle changes in the microenvironment result in unique responses including the ability of HBECs to ...

Bitter tastants can activate bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) and thus initiate the relaxation of airway smooth muscle cells, which have great potential in the development of novel asthma therapy. However, recent study shows that canonical bitter substance denatonium induces apoptosis of bronch...

Li, J., Patterson, M., Chew, W. L., Cho, S-H., Gilmour, I., Oliver, T., ... Liedtke, W. (2011). TRPV4-Mediated calcium-influx into human bronchial epithelia upon exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(6), 784 - 793. ...

Bronchi are tube like structures that allow air to be transported from the surrounding atmosphere to the lung. The respiratory system (airways) consists of the trachea (essentially a large bronchi) that branch off into smaller and smaller bronchi before reaching the most distal lung alveoli, where oxygen can be transferred to the blood. The respiratory bronchus is lined by respiratory epithelium comprising an admixture of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells (mucin producing cells also termed mucous cells) and basal cells that function as progenitor cells for both the ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells. Ciliated cells are about five times more numerous than goblet cells in the central airways and the ratio of ciliated cells increases in the smaller and peripheral bronchi (bronchioles) as the goblet cells diminish. The basal cells are more abundant in the proximal airways, where they form more or less, a continuous layer and gradually diminish in number in peripheral ...

Thermoplasty: A newly FDA-approved treatment for patients with moderately severe to severe asthma has met with initial success. This treatment targets reducing airway obstruction in asthma patients due to bronchial muscle hypertrophy. A cardinal feature of asthma is hypertrophy or thickening of the bronchial smooth muscle. At times, the bronchial smooth muscle wall is so thick that it results in persistent and severe narrowing of the bronchial passageway, thus limiting airflow. Patients not responding to conventional therapy who have persistent, severe airway obstruction might be candidates for this new form of treatment. Patients undergo bronchoscopy, in which heat is applied to the local bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in a shrinking or diminution in the bronchial smooth muscle mass, and thus, increasing the airway lumen diameter, resulting in decreased airway obstruction. This is a new technique which is invasive and associated with a potential for adverse events. ...

Thermoplasty: A newly FDA-approved treatment for patients with moderately severe to severe asthma has met with initial success. This treatment targets reducing airway obstruction in asthma patients due to bronchial muscle hypertrophy. A cardinal feature of asthma is hypertrophy or thickening of the bronchial smooth muscle. At times, the bronchial smooth muscle wall is so thick that it results in persistent and severe narrowing of the bronchial passageway, thus limiting airflow. Patients not responding to conventional therapy who have persistent, severe airway obstruction might be candidates for this new form of treatment. Patients undergo bronchoscopy, in which heat is applied to the local bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in a shrinking or diminution in the bronchial smooth muscle mass, and thus, increasing the airway lumen diameter, resulting in decreased airway obstruction. This is a new technique which is invasive and associated with a potential for adverse events. ...

Adenosine deaminase RNA-specific B1 (ADARB1), an adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA-editing enzyme, has been found to play an essential role in the development of cancer. However, the specific function of ADARB1 in lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is still not fully understood and requires further study. In our study, integrative bioinformatics were used to analyze the detailed function of ADARB1 in LUAD. By conducting bioinformatics analyses of several public databases, such as Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), GE-mini, and Oncomine, we found significantly decreased ADARB1 expression in LUAD cells and tissues. Moreover, RT-PCR and Western blot showed lower ADARB1 expression in H358 and A549 LUAD cells compared to human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Wound Healing Assay indicated that knockdown ADARB1 could promote LUAD cell metastasis. By using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool, we found that downregulation of ADARB1 was related to shorter first ...

TY - CONF. T1 - Th17-related cytokine expression is increased in the bronchial mucosa of stable COPD patients. AU - Magno, Francesca. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Background: There is an increased number of activated Tl lymphocytes in the bronchial mucosa of stable COPD patients but are absent studies on Th17 cells and their effector cytokines.Objectives: To investigate the expression of retinoic orphan receptor(ROR)C2,interleukin(IL)-17A,IL-17F,IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 in bronchial biopsies frompatients with stable COPD of different severity(stage 2 to 4)compared withage-matched control subject(smokers with normal lung function and lifelongnon-smokers).Methods: The expression of RORC2,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23was measured in the bronchial mucosa using immunohistochemistry and/or realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: The number of IL-22+ and IL23+ immunoreactive cells is increasedin the bronchial epithelium of stable COPD compared with control groups. Inaddition, the ...

This work was to explore near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy for distinguishing tumor from normal bronchial tissue. A rapid NIR Raman system was used for tissue Raman studies. High-quality Raman spectra in the 700-1800 cm-1 range can be acquired from human bronchial tissues in vitro. Raman spectra differed significantly between normal and malignant tumor tissue, with tumors showing increased nucleic acid, tryptophan, phenylalanine signals and decreased phospholipids, proline, and valine signals than normal tissue. Raman spectral shape differences between normal and tumor tissue were also observed particularly in the spectral ranges of 1000-1100, 1200-1400, and 1500-1700 cm-1, which are related to the protein and lipid conformations and CH stretching modes in nucleic acids. The ratio of Raman intensities at 1445 cm-1 to 1655 cm-1 provided good differentiation between normal and malignant bronchial tissue, suggesting that NIR Raman spectroscopy may have a significant potential for the ...

BACKGROUND. Asthma is a complex disease with multiple phenotypes that may differ in disease pathobiology and treatment response. Interleukin 33 (IL33) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reproducibly associated with asthma. IL33 levels are elevated in sputum, and bronchial biopsies of asthma patients. The functional consequences of IL33 asthma SNPs remain unknown.. OBJECTIVE. We studied whether IL33 SNPs associate with asthma-related phenotypes and with IL33 expression in lung or bronchial epithelium. We investigated the effect of increased IL33 expression on human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) function.. METHODS. Association between IL33 SNPs (Chr9: 5,815,786-6,657,983) and asthma phenotypes (Lifelines/DAG/GASP cohorts) and between SNPs and expression (lung tissue, bronchial brushes, HBECs) was done using regression modelling. Lentiviral overexpression was used to study IL33 effects on HBECs.. RESULTS. 161 SNPs spanning the IL33 region associated with one or more asthma ...

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a principal cause of acute and chronic failure of lung allografts. However, mechanisms mediating this oftentimes fatal complication are poorly understood. Here, we show that Foxp3+ T cells formed aggregates in rejection-free human lung grafts and accumulated within induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of tolerant mouse lungs. Using a retransplantation model, we show that selective depletion of graft-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes resulted in the generation of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and AMR, which was associated with complement deposition and destruction of airway epithelium. AMR was dependent on graft infiltration by B and T cells. Depletion of graft-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes resulted in prolonged interactions between B and CD4+ T cells within transplanted lungs, which was dependent on CXCR5-CXCL13. Blockade of CXCL13 as well as inhibition of the CD40 ligand and the ICOS ligand suppressed DSA production and prevented AMR. Thus, we ...

Medical information, Adenocarcinoma of the bronchus. Definition of Adenocarcinoma of the bronchus, symptoms of Adenocarcinoma of the bronchus, treatment of Adenocarcinoma of the bronchus, and prevention of Adenocarcinoma of the bronchus. Exams and Tests Adenocarcinoma of the bronchus.

Looking for online definition of bronchus, cancer of in the Medical Dictionary? bronchus, cancer of explanation free. What is bronchus, cancer of? Meaning of bronchus, cancer of medical term. What does bronchus, cancer of mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of capacitative Ca2+ entry in bronchial contraction and remodeling. AU - Sweeney, Michele. AU - McDaniel, Sharon S.. AU - Platoshyn, Oleksandr. AU - Zhang, Shen. AU - Yu, Ying. AU - Lapp, Bethany R.. AU - Zhao, Ying. AU - Thistlethwaite, Patricia A.. AU - Yuan, Jason X.J.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway obstruction by bronchospasm and bronchial wall thickening due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. A rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) may serve as a shared signal transduction element that causes bronchial constriction and bronchial wall thickening in asthma. In this study, we examined whether capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) induced by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores was involved in agonist-mediated bronchial constriction and bronchial smooth muscle cell (BSMC) proliferation. In isolated bronchial rings, acetylcholine (ACh) induced a transient contraction in the absence of ...

To characterize the inflammatory process in the bronchial glands of smokers with chronic sputum production, we examined lobar bronchi from 18 subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions, all with a history of cigarette smoking. Nine of the subjects had symptoms of chronic bron …

Activity of superoxide dismutase in guinea pigs bronchi in late periods of experimental allergic alveolitis development and their correction with thiotriazolin

Lin, H., Li, H., Cho, H.-J., Bian, S., Roh, H.-J., Lee, M.-K., Kim, J. S., Chung, S.-J., Shim, C.-K. and Kim, D.-D. (2007), Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers as an in vitro model for airway drug transport studies. J. Pharm. Sci., 96: 341-350. doi: 10.1002/jps.20803 ...

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The tracheobronchial tree is the macroscopic framework of the respiratory system. The trachea bifurcates into two branches, the right main stem bronchus and left main stem bronchus. Many branchings continue down to the bronchioli, which allow air to diffuse into the alveoli, the site of actual gas exchange. Because the bronchial tree is filled with air, it has negative density on CT. Typical CT values of the bronchial lumen are in the range -1000 H.U. to -900 H.U. Because of the partial volume effect, the CT value becomes higher as the branches become thinner. To segment the tracheobronchial tree from chest CT examinations, the basic method involves tracing the negative-density regions from the trachea, which can be easily identified, in the direction from the center to the peripheral. There are several methods for extracting bronchial regions. These methods can be classified into two categories: (a) the region-growing-based method and (b) the machine learning-based method. In the category (a), ...

The terminal bronchioles are a continuation of the bronchi and are the last divisions of the conducting airways. Gross Anatomy Terminal bronchioles are confusingly named, as they are not the final branches but rather the distal bronchioles th...

Floreani AA, Heires AJ, Welniak LA et al. (1998). Expression of receptors for C5a anaphylatoxin (CD88) on human bronchial epithelial cells: enhancement of C5a-mediated release of IL-8 upon exposure to cigarette smoke.. J. Immunol. 160 (10): 5073-81. PMID 9590258. CS1 održavanje: Eksplicitna upotreba et al. (link) ...

The purpose of our studies was to examine differentiation-dependent expression of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) and prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) isoforms in cultured normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. In the presence of retinoic acid (RA) the cultures differentiated into a mucociliary epithelium. When cultured in RA-depleted media, the cultures differentiated into a squamous epithelium. In the absence of RA the cultures did not express 15-LO or either of the PGHS isoforms. The PGHS-1 isoform was not expressed in RA-sufficient cultures, but both PGHS-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were strongly expressed, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was produced during the predifferentiation phase. No PGHS-2 expression or PGE2 could be detected in fully differentiated mucociliary cultures. 15-LO showed the opposite expression pattern: neither mRNA nor protein were detected during the predifferentiation stage, but both were strongly expressed once mucous differentiation had occurred. Cytosolic ...

Diabetic Mouse Tracheal and Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Creative Bioarray are isolated from the tracheal and bronchial tissues of Diabetic (db/db) mice. Diabetic Mouse Stomach Epithelial Cells are grown in T25 tissue culture flasks pre-coated with gelatin-based coating solution for 2 min and incubated in Creative Bioarrays Culture Complete Growth Medium generally for 3-7 days. Cultures are then expanded. Prior to shipping, cells at passage 3 are detached from flasks and immediately cryo-preserved in vials. Each vial contains at least 0.5x10^6cells per ml. The method we use to isolate primary epithelial cells was developed based on a combination of established and our proprietary methods. Cells are incubated with EpCAM-1 (CD326) antibody, following the application of magnetic beads pre-coated with secondary antibody ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - IL-17F-induced IL-11 release in bronchial epithelial cells via MSK1-CREB pathway. AU - Kawaguchi, Mio. AU - Fujita, Junichi. AU - Kokubu, Fumio. AU - Huang, Shau Ku. AU - Homma, Tetsuya. AU - Matsukura, Satoshi. AU - Adachi, Mitsuru. AU - Hizawa, Nobuyuki. PY - 2009/5/1. Y1 - 2009/5/1. N2 - IL-17F is involved in asthma, but its biological function and signaling pathway have not been fully elucidated. IL-11 is clearly expressed in the airway of patients with allergic airway diseases such as asthma and plays an important role in airway remodeling and inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the expression of IL-11 by IL-17F in bronchial epithelial cells. Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in the presence or absence of IL-17F and/or Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) or various kinase inhibitors to analyze the expression of IL-11. Next, activation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK) 1 by IL-17F was investigated. Moreover, the effect of short interfering RNAs ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Modification of gene expression of the small airway epithelium in response to cigarette smoking. AU - Harvey, Ben Gary. AU - Heguy, Adriana. AU - Leopold, Philip L.. AU - Carolan, Brendan J.. AU - Ferris, Barbara. AU - Crystal, Ronald. PY - 2007/1/1. Y1 - 2007/1/1. N2 - The earliest morphologic evidence of changes in the airways associated with chronic cigarette smoking is in the small airways. To help understand how smoking modifies small airway structure and function, we developed a strategy using fiberoptic bronchoscopy and brushing to sample the human small airway (10th-12th order) bronchial epithelium to assess gene expression (Affymetrix HG-U133A and HG-133 Plus 2.0 array) in phenotypically normal smokers (n = 16, 25 ± 7 pack-years) compared to matched nonsmokers (n = 17). Compared to samples from large (second to third order) bronchi, the small airway samples had a higher proportion of ciliated cells, but less basal, undifferentiated, and secretory cells, and contained ...

You should see a GP if you develop a persistent cough. While this may not be caused by bronchiectasis, it requires further investigation.. If the GP suspects you may have bronchiectasis, theyll refer you to a specialist in treating lung conditions (a respiratory consultant) for further tests.. Read more about diagnosing bronchiectasis.. The lungs are full of tiny branching airways known as bronchi. Oxygen travels through these airways, ends up in tiny sacs called alveoli, and from there is absorbed into the bloodstream.. The inside walls of the bronchi are coated with sticky mucus, which protects against damage from particles moving down into the lungs.. In bronchiectasis, one or more of the bronchi are abnormally widened. This means more mucus than usual gathers there, which makes the bronchi more vulnerable to infection.. If an infection does develop, the bronchi may be damaged again, so even more mucus gathers in them and the risk of infection increases.. Over time, this cycle can cause ...

This study is the first to analyse the soluble factors secreted by the bronchial epithelium after exposure to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) that are responsible for increasing migration and proliferation of primary normal human bronchial smooth musc