TY - JOUR. T1 - Volatiles from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum affect interactions of Brassica rapa plants with root herbivores. AU - Moisan, Kay. AU - Dicke, Marcel. AU - Raaijmakers, Jos M.. AU - Rachmawati, Elvira. AU - Cordovez, Viviane. PY - 2020/10/3. Y1 - 2020/10/3. N2 - 1. Soil is a diverse and heterogeneous environment where chemicals mediate numerous interactions between soil organisms and plants. To date, studies have extensively addressed volatile-mediated interactions between soil microorganisms and the effects of microbial volatiles on plant growth. Yet, to our knowledge, it remains to be explored whether volatiles from soil-borne fungi can influence plant interactions with root herbivores, facilitating or hampering performance of competitors that share the same host plant. 2. In the present study, we investigated the effects of volatiles emitted by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum on the performance of two root herbivores: the plant parasitic cyst nematode, Heterodera ...

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the productivity of Brassica crops. To understand the role of phytohormones in drought tolerance, we subjected Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis), white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), and kale (B. oleracea var. acephala) to drought and examined the stress response on the physiological, biochemical and hormonal levels. The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinins (CKs), jasmonates (JAs), and salicylic acid (SA) were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Based on the physiological and biochemical markers the Chinese cabbage exhibited the lowest tolerance, followed by the white cabbage, while the kale appeared to be the most tolerant to drought. The drought tolerance of the kale correlated with increased levels of SA, ABA, IAA, CKs iP(R) and cZ(R), and typhasterol (TY), a precursor of active BRs. In contrast, the

Environmental concerns over the cultivation of Genetically Modified (GM) crops largely centre on the ecological consequences following gene flow to wild relatives. One attractive solution is to deploy biocontainment measures that prevent hybridization. Chloroplast transformation is the most advanced biocontainment method but is compromised by chloroplast capture (hybridization through the maternal lineage). To date, however, there is a paucity of information on the frequency of chloroplast capture in the wild. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC) frequently hybridises with wild Brassica rapa (AA, as paternal parent) and yields B. rapa-like introgressed individuals after only two generations. In this study we used chloroplast CAPS markers that differentiate between the two species to survey wild and weedy populations of B. rapa for the capture of B. napus chloroplasts. A total of 464 B. rapa plants belonging to 14 populations growing either in close proximity to B. napus (i.e. sympatric 1 km) were ...

Nindia, Geugeut Katia Hilda (2016) Pengaruh kombinasi media tanam terhadap petumbuhan anggrek ki aksara (Macodes Petola) pada tahap Aklimatisasi. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Novita, Santi (2012) Respons tanaman pakchoy (Brassica Chinensis L) varietas green terhadap dosis dan waktu aplikasi limbah padat biogas kotoran sapi. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Nugraha, Yusuf Hadi (2019) Pengaruh jenis media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsium frutescens) varietas dewata F1 pada Hidroponik sistem irigasi tetes. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Nuraeni, Nuraeni (2021) Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun tembelekan (Lantana Camara Linn.) terhadap pertumbuhan sawi putih (Brassica Rapa Subsp. Pekinensis) varietas Eikun dan populasi Plutella Xylostella. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Nurjanah, Sinta (2012) Pengaruh takaran bokashi (kotoran sapi) dan nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis merah ...

The Effect of Zinc and Copper on Male Gametophytes of FloweringPlants1) The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals in the development of male gametophytes in flowering plants. Several experiments were conducted to find the best germination medium for the maximum percent germination and pollen tube growth of pollen. Temperature was also found to be an important factor influencing pollen tube growth.2) Three plant species were used in this study. They were Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, Brassica rapa and Hippeastrum. The optimum germination medium for the pollen under study was found to be species-specific. 3) The best in vitro germination medium for the maximum percent germination and pollen tube growth for Kalanctioe fedtsclienl<oi was 10% PEG and 10% sucrose, while for Brassica rapa dwf2 it was 15% PEG and 10% sucrose.4) A 5 C difference of germination temperature was shown to alter pollen tube growth length in two cultivars of Brassica rapa.5) Presence of zinc in the ...

Kai-lan, also known as Chinese broccoli, is a leaf vegetable featuring thick, flat, glossy blue-green leaves with thick stems and a small number of tiny, almost vestigial flower heads similar to those of broccoli. Broccoli and kai-lan belong to the same species Brassica oleracea, but kai-lan is in the group alboglabra [Latin albus+glabrus white and hairless].…

Available evidence strongly suggests that the first to settle on Rapa Nui were Polynesians arriving from the west around AD 1200-1253. There are, however, also signs of an early contact between Rapa Nui and South America, but genetic evidence of an early contribution of Native Americans to the peopling of Rapa Nui has until recently been lacking. In this review our own genetic studies of blood-derived DNA collected on Rapa Nui since 1971 are summarized. For the first time human molecular genetic data are obtained which strongly suggest that some Native Americans arrived early at Rapa Nui, probably as early as AD 1280-1495. Whether they sailed directly from South America to Rapa Nui on their own rafts or whether they came with Polynesians returning from visits to South America cannot be established by our studies, but the latter possibility may be the most likely given other evidence of early visits by Polynesians to South America. In any case, our data suggest that some Native Americans arrived Rapa Nui

62. Euphorbia pekinensis Ruprecht in Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 239. 1859. 大戟 da ji Euphorbia barbellata Hurusawa; E. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. hurusawae Oudejans; E. hurusawae var. imaii (Hurusawa) Oudejans; E. imaii Hurusawa; E. jesonii Oudejans; E. kitagawae (Hurusawa) Kitagawa; E. labbei H. Léveillé; E. lanceolata T. N. Liou; E. lasiocaula Boissier; E. lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurusawa; E. sinensis Jesson; E. sampsonii Hance; E. tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcliffe-Smith; E. virgata Waldstein & Kitaibel var. kitagawae Hurusawa; Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják.. Herbs, perennial, 40-80(-90) cm tall. Rootstock vertical, cylindric, 20-30 cm × 6-14 mm thick, sometimes branched. Stems single or clustered, 3-6(-7) mm thick, upper parts 4- or 5-branched, pilose or glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade very variable, usually elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rarely linear, 3-7(-9.5) × 0.7-1.7(-2.4) cm, ...

Circadian rhythms, the subset of endogenous rhythms with a period of approximately 24 h, are widely encountered in most organisms from cyanobacteria to humans. Although eukaryotes employ a common mechanistic logic of interlocked negative feedback loops to generate robust circadian oscillations, different components have been recruited to form the clock in different taxa (Bell-Pedersen et al., 2005; McClung, 2006; Wijnen and Young, 2006). Thus, fungal, animal, and plant clocks share a common architectural plan yet are composed of largely distinct components. This suggestion of polyphyletic origins of clocks implies strong selection for clock function. Indeed, in many organisms, including cyanobacteria, fruit fly, ground squirrel, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), experimental evidence indicates that a robust circadian clock whose period resonates with the environmentally imposed diurnal cycle confers a fitness advantage (Yerushalmi and Green, 2009).. Among plants, most that is known about ...

Circadian rhythms, the subset of endogenous rhythms with a period of approximately 24 h, are widely encountered in most organisms from cyanobacteria to humans. Although eukaryotes employ a common mechanistic logic of interlocked negative feedback loops to generate robust circadian oscillations, different components have been recruited to form the clock in different taxa (Bell-Pedersen et al., 2005; McClung, 2006; Wijnen and Young, 2006). Thus, fungal, animal, and plant clocks share a common architectural plan yet are composed of largely distinct components. This suggestion of polyphyletic origins of clocks implies strong selection for clock function. Indeed, in many organisms, including cyanobacteria, fruit fly, ground squirrel, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), experimental evidence indicates that a robust circadian clock whose period resonates with the environmentally imposed diurnal cycle confers a fitness advantage (Yerushalmi and Green, 2009).. Among plants, most that is known about ...

Most Asian Greens are moderately hardy annuals; sew from early spring through midsummer. Asian greens are in the same family as mustards and have a mild flavor, lacking spiciness . Prize Choy ,vase-like shape, medium thick white stems and smooth, mild flavor. Prefers cool weather, but is slow to bolt in heat. Best open-pollinated variety. ...

The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK) plays an important role in plant development and disease defence. Although genome-wide studies of LRR-RLKs have been performed in several species, a comprehensive analysis, including evolutionary, structural and expressional analyses and their relationships to function, has not been carried out in the radish (Raphanus sativus L.). In this study, we identified 292 LRR-RLK genes in the R. sativus genome and classified them into 23 subgroups. The subgroups containing genes involved in defence were more likely to evolve from tandem duplication rather than whole genome triplication (WGT), had lower expression profiles and were expressed in fewer tissues than the subgroups related to development. Gene structures and conserved domains did not differ in the defence-related or development-related subgroups, but they were distinct in each subgroup. This study sheds light on the evolutionary and expressional relationships with the functions of R.

Native to the eastern Mediterranean and Asia and one of the earliest cultivated crops, broccoli rabe was at first eaten for its roots and leaves. It was also allowed to flower and its seeds collected and crushed for their high oil content (40 percent). The oil, in its crude form, was and still is used as lamp oil and lubricant. Botanically, Brassica campestris, Brassica rapa and Brassica napus are identical. According to Fereidoon Shahidi in Canola and Rapeseed: Production, Chemistry, Nutrition and Processing Technology (Van Nostrand Reinhold 1990), There are three basic species [of rapeseed]: B. nigra, B. oleracea, and B. campestris. By hybridization and chromosome doubling, the three species B. carinata, B. juncea, and B. napus were artificially synthesized. ...

Plasmodiophora brassicae is a soil borne pathogen and the causal agent of clubroot, a devastating disease of Brassica crops. The pathogen lives inside roots, and hijacks nutrients from the host plants. It is suggested that clubroot galls created an additional nutrient sink in infected roots. However, the molecular mechanism underlying P. brassicae infection and sugar transport is unclear. Here, we analyzed sugar contents in leaves and roots before and after P. brassicae infection using a pair of Chinese cabbage near-isogenic lines (NILs), carrying either a clubroot resistant (CR) or susceptible (CS) allele at the CRb locus. P. brassicae infection caused significant increase of glucose and fructose contents in the root of CS-NIL compared to CR-NIL, suggesting that sugar translocation and P. brassicae growth are closely related. Among 32 B. rapa SWEET homologs, several BrSWEETs belonging to Clade I and III were significantly up-regulated, especially in CS-NIL upon P. brassicae infection. Moreover, ...

Bok choy, also known as pak choy or Chinese mustard (Brassica rapa or Brassica campestris, chinensis group). (Photo courtesy of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture ...

False-colour scanning electron micrograph of a fractured leaf of the turnip, Brassica rapa. The horizontal lines of cells near top & bottom form the epidermis of the leaf. The epidermis, partic- ularly the underside, is dotted with stomata: pores that regulate the leafs exchange of gases with the outside. The leaf interior contains mesophyll cells, some seen broken open. They consist of palisade mesophyll (top) & spongy mesophyll (bottom). The tightly packed palisade cells contain chloroplasts, sites of photosynthes- is. The spongy mesophyll cells are loosely packed, with few chloroplasts; they are more involved with gas exchange. Magnification: x55 at 35mm size. Green tint (leech). BW original is B745/074. Ref: MICROCOSMOS, fig. 4.9, page 72 - Stock Image B745/0125

p,Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is a common feature in diverse plant cell signaling pathways; however, the factors that control the dynamics of regulated protein turnover are largely unknown. One of the best-characterized families of E3 ubiquitin ligases facilitates ubiquitination of auxin (aux)/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) repressor proteins in the presence of auxin. Rates of auxin-induced degradation vary widely within the Aux/IAA family, and sequences outside of the characterized degron (the minimum region required for auxin-induced degradation) can accelerate or decelerate degradation. We have used synthetic auxin degradation assays in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in plants to characterize motifs flanking the degron that contribute to tuning the dynamics of Aux/IAA degradation. The presence of these rate motifs is conserved in phylogenetically distant members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Aux/IAA family, as well as in their putative Brassica rapa orthologs. We ...

The fact that this disease occurs only rarely is little consolation when it has messed up your crop. The culprit is a virus which is transmitted by a soil borne fungus Olpidium brassicae. Something to do, you might think, with Brassica crops but there is little evidence that the disease is worse after a Brassica crop. In fact our knowledge about this disease and what are the predisposing conditions are quite limited. It has been recorded in the Netherlands since 1924, where the name ABC disease was adopted after the way in which the symptoms were first descibed viz. (A) dark, slightly raised, dark brown patches, (B) dark, almost sunken patches often resembling horseshoes and (C) lighter groups of brown patches with often parallel cracks. Apparently the virus is not transmitted from seed to daughter tubers. Eersteling (Duke of York), Doré and Bintje appear to have been most frequently affected. A couple of cases have been brought to my attention in the UK in recent years, one in Markies and ...

371825DNAArtificial sequenceChimeric promoter sequence using enhancer from Brassica rapa 1ctgatacaca cttaagcatc atgtggaaag ccaaagacaa ttggagcgag actcagggtc 60gtcataatac caatcaaaga cgtaaaacca gacgcaacct ctttggttga atgtaatgaa 120agggatgtgt cttggtatgt atgtacgaat aacaaaagag aagatggaat tagtagtaga 180aatatttggg agctttttaa gcccttcaag tgtgcttttt atcttattga tatcatccat 240ttgcgttgtt taatgcgtct ctagatatgt tcctatatct ttctcagtgt ctgataagtg 300aaatgtgaga aaaccatacc aaaccaaaat attcaaatct tatttttaat aatgttgaat 360cactcggagt tgccaccttc tgtgccaatt gtgctgaatc tatcacacta gaaaaaaaca 420tttcttcaag gtaatgactt gtggactatg ttctgaattc tcattaagtt tttattttct 480gaagtttaag tttttacctt ctgttttgaa atatatcgtt cataagatgt cacgccagga 540catgagctac acatcgcaca tagcatgcag atcaggacga tttgtcactc acttcaaaca 600cctaagagct tctctctcac agcgcacaca catatgcatg caatatttac acgtgatcgc 660catgcaaatc tccattctca cccaggacga tttgtcactc acttcaaaca cctaagagct 720tctctctcac agcgcacaca catatgcatg caatatttac acgtgatcgc catgcaaatc 780tccattctca cctataaatt ...

A brief history of Fonterras Te Rapa location, which has had a massive impact on dairy production and the economy of surrounding Waikato. The site celebrates 50 years since its opening. Read more about how Te Rapa has been a place of employment, a home, and a community hub for New Zealanders over the years.

Ricotta gnocchi is both much faster to make than its potato based counterpart, much harder to mess up, and gets a nice tang from the ricotta making it fresher and lighter. Or so it seems anyways. Think soft little pillows of happiness. |br /| |br /|I paired them with what I had in the fridge : a boozy onion jam (the recipe comes from the great Caravan book ) and some butter fried Cima di Rapa that was long overdue. Cima di Rapa is popular in Italy, which makes it perfect for this dish of course, but it also has a nice bitterness working really well with the sweetness of the jam and the creaminess of the gnocchi. I had none and felt no need to, but feel free to add some crème fraîche or normal cream to bind it all together. You could also add some nuts in there for the crunchy component, or toasted breadcrumbs if feeling quite indulgent.

ra03-05_clubroot - clubroot catma-2 - Characterisation of the transcriptional changes (host genes up- and down-regulated) during the P. brassicae / A. thaliana interaction. - The objective was to identify the genes up and down-regulated between susceptible and partially resistant plants. The Arabidopsis accession Bur-0 shows partial resistance against the isolate eH of P. brassicae, whereas it is susceptible against the isolate e2. The transcriptome patterns of Bur-0 plants inoculated either by isolate e2 or isolate eH were compared at one week after inoculation. A similar comparison was done on roots. The entire experiment was repeated (biological repetition) and each comparison was performed in two independent hybridisations (technical repetition). Keywords: organ comparison

The Physical Map database will contain physical maps of the Brassica A and C genomes. These will be intergrated to the Arabidopsis genome sequence by hybridisation with selected gene anchor probes.

Seed was sown in Metro Mix Soil in flats containing 14 rows of seven cells each (cells were ∼3.81 cm in diameter and ∼20 cm deep). Flats were organized into two replicate blocks in a 1002 foot indoor grow room at the University of Wisconsin Biotron Facility. Outer rows of each flat were seeded with border plants, and each of the remaining inner 12 rows were seeded in random order with an individual S0, S5, or parental line of B. rapa or B. oleracea (each cell was double seeded and thinned to one plant). Each block contained 10 flats, and each line was represented once per block. Within each block, the positions of flats were randomized daily. Plants were watered daily and fertilized every other day with dilute (1 tableapoon/20 liters) Peters Professional Peat Lite Special 20-10-20. Temperature was maintained at 21°C, humidity at 60%, and light maintained at ∼450 μmol/m2/s−1 for 16 h each day.. All plants were harvested at the same developmental stage, when the second and third true ...

[131 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global and China Cold-pressed Linseed Oil Market Insights, Forecast to 2026 report by QYResearch Group. Cold-pressed Linseed Oil market is segmented by region (country),...

RASFF - Salmonella enterica ser. Tennessee (presence /25g) in rapeseed meal from Russia in Finland RASFF-Salmonella enterica ser. Tennessee (presence /25g) in rapeseed meal from Russia in Finland RASFF-Salmonella enterica ser. Tennessee (presence /25g) in rape seed meal from Germany in Finland

In the past few years, rapeseed cultivation has increased dramatically in the European Union, especially in countries like Germany, where renewable sources of energy are becoming important to national interests. Rapeseed oil has been proved to be one of the best sources for biodiesel, and an increasing amount of rapeseed meal has raised the level of interest among nutritionists and producers alike. In general, rapeseed is considered a good replacement, if only partially, for soybean meal in most animal diets.

Cauliflower: Cauliflower is having its culinary moment, as low-carb meals are in vogue. Chefs and home cooks are discovering creative ways to prepare it - riced, roasted, mashed. Roasting brings out its mild, nutty flavor.. Brussels sprouts: Roasted, steamed or grilled, they make a perfect accompaniment to most meals. Try cutting them in half, tossing them with olive oil, salt and pepper and roasting in the oven - delicious! Sauté with bacon or shred into salads and slaws.. Cabbage: Whichever variety - red or purple cabbage, Napa cabbage, Savoy cabbage, green cabbage - use it in cole slaw and other salads, add to soups, top your fish tacos or make old-fashioned cabbage rolls.. Bok choy: Also known as Chinese cabbage, bok choy is a staple in Asian cooking and is most commonly used in soups, stir-fries or noodle dishes. Add to your pasta dishes or light soups.. At the farmers market in Concord, vendors have gorgeous brassicas right now. Esquivel Farm in Watsonville, J&M Farms from Gilroy and ...

Red Acre Cabbage, Brassica oleracea - Plant information. Healthy Home Gardening, Pictures, Video and Information about Red Acre Cabbage.

Journal Article: Allosteric Activation of Bacterial Swi2/Snf2 (Switch/Sucrose Non-fermentable) Protein RapA by RNA Polymerase: BIOCHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES ...

Research by an international team, led by the University of Bristol, has shed new light on the fate of the ancient people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island).

Brassica crops hold the key to slashing costs in a Cumbria suckler herd by providing enough fresh green feed to enable the herd to be out-wintered.

UK dairy and gluten free soup specialist Soupologie has announced the launch of Viva La Vinegar, the UKs first collection of cold-pressed Drinking Vinegar

The breeding programme of high-oleic-acid rapeseed (HOAR) was started at NPZ/Lembke almost 10 years ago. The idea was to improve the quality of rapeseed oil for human consumption as well as for...

Eating 14 Superfoods Is A Great Way To Go Green And Be Healthy One of the strongest reasons for adopting a green lifestyle is to slow down and bask in life. It is possible to attain this, even in this busy world we are in. We have to go back to a lifestyle that prevents disease before it needs treating. Too many people have the attitude of ruining the body today, and mend it with a pill the next day. It isnt possible to turn around without being bombarded by ads about the current pill to cure you of your health problems. There are a few pills that help, but only if you make a number of necessary modifications in your life. When your body stops working right, you cannot obtain a new body. You have to take care of yourself while you can do so. Your body cannot work properly if it fails to get adequate nutrition. When you eat, do you eat out of convenience or taste without seeing if what you are eating is healthy for you? How frequently do you eat at your local fast food joint or get junk food at ...

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Its getting to that time of year again, when you start to think about (gulp) next years harvest. Its time to plant out over-wintering Brassicas like Broccoli, Kale and Winter Cabbage. The seedlings should be pretty sturdy before planting out and theyll need protecting against Cabbage Whites still. But come the first frosts they should be strong […]. ...

How to plant out your sprouts and leafy brassicas - the cabbage family- and control the dreaded cabbage root fly for next to no cost or time at all.

red cabbage nutrition details. red cabbage calories, fat, protein, carbohydrates and vitamins. red cabbage recipes, red cabbage articles and red cabbage videos.

For the first time, bodies of a harmful snail have been found in a batch of imported rapeseed at a port in South China, authorities said.

Robin, J.; Inquello, V.M.mouni, B.A.anza, J., 1991: Relationship between immunological properties and structural model of 11S rapeseed globulin

Variation in flowering time induces phenological assortative mating-early bloomers tend to mate with other early bloomers while late mates with late-and this has interesting consequences for short-term evolution. The genetic variance for flowering time will be inflated by assortative mating, and this may accelerate its response to natural selection. I have a number of experiments underway, with post-doc Dr. Steven Franks. We are evaluating the degree of genetic variance inflation in B. rapa, and testing if this inflation is sufficient to allow evolutionary tracking of the expansion and contraction of the growing season caused by el Niño cycles ...

Lookup the definition of cabbage synomyns, antonyms, anagrams of the word. What does the word cabbage mean? What words can be made with cabbage

The Hoka Kailua Trail is the Womens's version of the popular Rapa Nui for Men. This exciting new shoe is ideal for those who want the benefits of running in Hoka, butare looking for a lighter weight shoe with a more responsive fit and feel.

Qachu nisqaqa chulla phutuy raphiyuq, qura kaq yurakunam, wayllapi icha rapa (qachu-qachu) nisqapi wiñaq. Qachu yurakunaqa wiru yura rikchaq ayllu (Poaceae, Gramineae) nisqamanmi kapun. Chay qachutaqa achka yura mikhuq uywakunam mikhun, paykunapaq ancha chaniyuq mikhunam. Chay qachu mikhuqkunaqa llamam, uwiham, kawram, wakam, kawallum, hukkunapas. ...

Rachel is the Project Manager for the BBSRC SLoLa Brassica and Rapeseed And Vegetable Optimisation (BRAVO) project. BRAVO is working to understand the gene…

Red cabbage displays brilliant leaves of either a crimson or purple color with white veins running through them. Learn how to buy, cook and store Red Cabbage.

Slices of seasoned cabbage roasted to soft in the middle and crispy on the outside. An easy side dish for whole30 or paleo diets.

Sweet and tangy braised red cabbage is a tasty way to get anyone to enjoy red cabbage. The Kuhne Red Cabbage is finely seasoned, ready to cook, and.... View full details ...

The rape stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll., is a serious pest of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crops in Europe causing severe yield loss. In currently used oilseed rape cultivars no resistance to C. napi has been identified. Resynthesized lines of B. napus have potential to broaden the genetic variability and may improve resistance to insect pests. In this study, the susceptibility to C. napi of three cultivars, one breeding line and five resynthesized lines of oilseed rape was compared in a semi-field plot experiment under multi-choice conditions. Plant acceptance for oviposition was estimated by counting the number of C. napi larvae in stems. The larval instar index and the dry body mass were assessed as indicators of larval performance. The extent of larval feeding within stems was determined by the stem injury coefficient. Morphological stem traits and stem contents of glucosinolates were assessed as potential mediators of resistance. The resynthesized line S30 had ...

Brassicas are a cold-climate crop, ideally suited to regions with mild summers and moderately cool springs and autumns. Gardeners in regions with hot summers should strive for two crops of brassicas per year: an early spring crop, harvested before the temperatures peak in the summer months, and a late-autumn crop, planted mid-summer for harvest in the fall. With suitable climate conditions and careful scheduling, its even possible to harvest three crops of brassicas in one growing season.. Our early spring transplants get planted the beginning of May, with all varieties of brassica crops seeded or transplanted by mid-May. We have a June 15 frost date, says Jenny Tuckey, co-owner of EverGood Farm in northern Wisconsin, which produces organically grown vegetables. Our salad crops are planted every week; Brussels sprouts once per season; broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage are planted every three weeks; and kohlrabi every two weeks. This allows us to continually harvest our brassica crops from ...

Managing clubroot is a challenge. Thick-walled resting spores can remain viable in soil for 15 years or more in the absence of a host, making it very difficult to eliminate the pathogen from an infested field. Therefore, the goal is to manage rather than eradicate the disease once pathogen populations have reached levels that cause economic damage. Rotating out of brassicas for a minimum of five years will often reduce disease severity enough to avoid significant crop loss. However, many smaller, diversified vegetable farms lack sufficient acreage to rotate out of brassicas for this period; nor do they have alternative rotational crops as profitable as brassicas. Although some farmers can lease clubroot-free ground, this may be impossible for organic growers due to a limited supply of organically certified fields. To remain competitive and profitable, they must actively manage clubroot.. A significant body of research has explored strategies to minimize crop loss from clubroot. This work has ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Diversity Array Technology Markers: Genetic Diversity Analyses and Linkage Map Construction in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Indian J. of Agricult. Sciences, 61, (12),1991, pp. 872-876. An experiment was conducted to find out the production potential, economical feasibility and nutrient removal of different rice-based cropping systems, including sugarcane as the component crop.. The six cropping systems tested were viz.-wheat-fallow; S2, rice-maize (Zea mays L.)-maize + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] fodder (1:1); S3, rice-toria [Brassica rapa (L.) Thell. emend. Metzger var napus L.; syn B. napus L. var napus L. sensu stricto; B. campestris L. var toria Duth. & Full.]-wheat-dhaincha [Sesbania cannabina (Retz.). Pers.] green-manure; S4 rice-potato + Indian mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czernj. & Cosson] 3:1 - blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.); S5, rice-wheat + Indian mustard (9:1)-greengram; S6, rice-wheat + sugarcane 4:1-ratoon-wheat (3-year rotation). Randomized block design was followed with 4 replications.. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) - potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & ...

Although rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is known to be affected by waterlogging, the genetic basis of waterlogging tolerance by rapeseed is largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptome under 0 h and 12 h of waterlogging was assayed in the roots of ZS9, a tolerant variety, using digital gene expression (DGE). A total of 4432 differentially expressed genes were identified, indicating that the response to waterlogging in rapeseed is complicated. The assignments of the annotated genes based on GO (Gene Ontology) revealed there were more genes induced under waterlogging in

There are three commonly grown types of broccoli. The most familiar is Calabrese broccoli, often referred to simply as broccoli, named after Calabria in Italy. It has large (10 to 20 cm) green heads and thick stalks. It is a cool season annual crop. Sprouting broccoli has a larger number of heads with many thin stalks. Purple cauliflower is a type of broccoli grown in Europe and North America. It has a head shaped like cauliflower, but consisting of tiny flower buds. It sometimes, but not always, has a purple cast to the tips of the flower buds. Other cultivar groups of Brassica oleracea include cabbage (Capitata Group), cauliflower and Romanesco broccoli (Botrytis Group), kale and collard greens (Acephala Group), kohlrabi (Gongylodes Group), Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera Group), and kai-lan (Alboglabra Group).[8] Rapini, sometimes called broccoli raab among other names, forms similar but smaller heads, and is actually a type of turnip (Brassica rapa). Broccolini or Tenderstem broccoli is a ...

Evans, D. E., Taylor, P. E., Singh, M. B. and Knox, R. B. 1991, Quantitative analysis of lipids and protein from the pollen of Brassica napus L, Plant science, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 117-126, doi: 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90133-S. ...

Classical microparasite evolution theory predicts a trade-off between virulence and transmission [1-3]. This trade-off balances virulence and within-host reproduction so that transmission is maximized over the lifetime of infection. Microparasites expressing intermediate levels of virulence are favoured under those conditions, as seen in several empirical examples of viruses with high transmission success (e.g. infections of myxoma virus in rabbits, HIV in humans, and cauliflower mosaic virus in Brassica rapa) [4-6]. However, not all studies found evidence for evolution towards intermediate virulence, but instead suggested evolution towards high or low virulence [7, 8].. Host population density is a key factor in determining whether low or high virulence will be optimal [9-11]. This mechanism can be understood in the framework of a trade-off between a microparasites competitive ability and its persistence. When transmission rates are lower at low host densities, a strain that can maintain a ...

Brassica napus provides approximately 13-16% of global vegetable oil for human consumption and biodiesel production. Plant height (PH) is a key trait that affects plant architecture, seed yield and harvest index. However, the genetic mechanism of PH in B. napus is poorly understood. A dwarf mutant df59 was isolated from a large-scale screening of an ethyl methanesulphonate-mutagenized rapeseed variety Ningyou 18. A genetic analysis showed that the dwarfism phenotype was controlled by one semi-dominant gene, which was mapped on C9 chromosome by quantitative trait loci sequencing analysis and designated as BnaDwf.C9. To fine-map BnaDwf.C9, two F2 populations were constructed from crosses between conventional rapeseed cultivars (Zhongshuang 11 and Holly) and df59. BnaDwf.C9 was fine-mapped to the region between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers M14 and M4, corresponding to a 120.87-kb interval of the B. napus Darmor-bzh genome. Within this interval, seven, eight and nine annotated or predicted

Over time, certain municipalities are shown to be producing canola on a large percentage of the cropped acres in that RM. Since canola is a preferred host for Plasmodiophora brassicae, the clubroot pathogen, the widespread presence and frequency of canola in rotation of a susceptible host crop poses a higher risk for clubroot spore increase and infection in those areas. The presence of a clubroot-susceptible host is not the only factor determining risk for development a clubroot infection. Soil pH, soil texture, as well as landscape features and farming practices all play a role in movement of clubroot spores across the prairies. ...

MAIN CONCLUSION : Small RNAs and microRNAs were found to vary extensively in synthetic Brassica napus and subsequent generations, accompanied by the activation of transposable elements in response to hybridization and polyploidization. Resynthesizing B. napus by hybridization and chromosome doubling provides an approach to create novel polyploids and increases the usable genetic variability in oilseed rape. Although many studies have shown that small RNAs (sRNAs) act as important factor during hybridization and polyploidization in plants, much less is known on how sRNAs change in synthetic B. napus, particularly in subsequent generations after formation. We performed high-throughput sequencing of sRNAs in S₁-S₄ generations of synthetic B. napus and in the homozygous B. oleracea and B. rapa parent lines. We found that the number of small RNAs (sRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) doubled in synthetic B. napus relative to the parents. The proportions of common sRNAs detected varied from the S₁ to ...

Halyoperonospora parasitica Downy Mildew occurs wherever brassica crops are grown and infects cabbage, Brussels sprout, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, radish, and mustard as well as cruciferous weed species. The disease caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica is particularly important on seedlings but can also cause poor growth and reduced yield

Sunflower Oil Cold-Pressed(id:10224282). View product details of Sunflower Oil Cold-Pressed from Neva Gida Mad. Bas. Malz. Ltd. Sti. manufacturer in EC21

Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rappi, rapaseed (and, in the case of one particular group ofcultivars, canola), is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family). The name derives from the Latin for turnip, rapa or rapum, and is first recorded in English at the end of the 14th century. Older writers usually distinguished the turnip and rape by the adjectives round and long(-rooted), respectively.See also Brassica napobrassica, which may be considered a variety of Brassica napus.

Table_3_Integration of QTL Mapping and Gene Fishing Techniques to Dissect the Multi-Main Stem Trait in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).xlsx

A common hypothesis is held that the apparent decline of Rapa Nui culture and society before European discovery in 1722 was caused by the over-exploitation of the islands environment, most notably through deforestation of almost all the islands trees. The most prominent proponent of this explanation is Jared Diamond who proposes a scenario for the ecocide on Easter Island in his 2005 book Collapse. This idea that Rapa Nui society collapsed came out of the imbalance between general resources present on the island, mainly population, timber and food sources, and the energy- and resource-intensive feat of transporting and raising the moai. Food resources may have been scarcer than in other areas of Polynesia because of factors like the cooler climate, lack of rainfall in comparison to other islands in the area, high winds and a lack of biodiversity, leading to common Polynesian crops not faring as well as they would in other areas of the Pacific. A source of good timber is also currently ...

Influence of the lime on inorganic ion and glucosinolate contents in Chinese cabbage - Calcium;Chinese cabbage;Inorganic ion;Glucosinolates;Slaked lime;

Looking for diploidization? Find out information about diploidization. The process by which a tetraploid organism attains the diploid state, involving repeated chromosome loss Explanation of diploidization

How are your brassica plants coming along? Its likely youve planted them out by now and are keeping an eye on them, particularly for signs of pest and disease. If you havent planted them out, its a little late but you can get away with it for a later crop. Once planted, water them especially well because theyre thirsty plants and August can be a dry month.. If youre growing broccoli, manuring the ground before planting can mean it grows with all mouth and no trousers - that is, leaves galore but fewer spears! A little nitrogen-rich feed, such as liquid seaweed or Growmore, through summer can help as they grow, and every month after that give them a small boost to help them along. This goes for cauliflowers, cabbages and other leafy brassicas.. Its a waiting game for brassicas, though, as itll be a good few months until any harvesting potential appears, but its worth the effort for tasty, home-grown greens! ...

Lettuce vs Chinese cabbage - In-Depth Nutrition Comparison. Compare Lettuce to Chinese cabbage by vitamins and minerals using the only readable nutrition comparison tool.

Once I had planted out my brassicas last month I was left with a number of very healthy seedlings that I didnt want to just discard. This happens to me every year, because I always sow a lot more seeds than I need, simply so that I can cope with any casualties. The spares usually end up in a compost bin, but this year I decided to see if I could bring some of these plants to maturity in pots. I know this is not likely to produce perfect results because brassicas generally like deep firm soil - which they are not going to get in a pot - but anything will be better than nothing! Hopefully I will also be able to dispel the myth that says that you need acres of space in order to grow brassicas ...

Once I had planted out my brassicas last month I was left with a number of very healthy seedlings that I didnt want to just discard. This happens to me every year, because I always sow a lot more seeds than I need, simply so that I can cope with any casualties. The spares usually end up in a compost bin, but this year I decided to see if I could bring some of these plants to maturity in pots. I know this is not likely to produce perfect results because brassicas generally like deep firm soil - which they are not going to get in a pot - but anything will be better than nothing! Hopefully I will also be able to dispel the myth that says that you need acres of space in order to grow brassicas ...

15 August 1997 Recall for Canadian GM rape seed By FW staff MORE than 60,000 bags of genetically modified rape seed was recalled from the Canadian market e

Brassica oleracea BOFH protein: homolog of LFY (Arabidopsis) & FLO (Antirrhinum); from cauliflower, Brassica oleracea; aa sequence given in first source; GenBank Z18362

Here, the allotetraploid species Brassica napus L. is a global crop of major economic importance, providing canola oil (seed) and vegetables for human consumption and fodder and meal for livestock feed. Characterizing the genetic diversity present in the extant germplasm pool of B. napus is fundamental to better conserve, manage and utilize the genetic resources of this species. We used sequence-based genotyping to identify and genotype 30,881 SNPs in a diversity panel of 782 B. napus accessions, representing samples of winter and spring growth habits originating from 33 countries across Europe, Asia, and America. We detected strong population structure broadly concordant with growth habit and geography, and identified three major genetic groups: spring (SP), winter Europe (WE), and winter Asia (WA). Subpopulation-specific polymorphism patterns suggest enriched genetic diversity within the WA group and a smaller effective breeding population for the SP group compared to WE. Interestingly, the ...

HOSTS White rust most commonly occurs on: field mustard (Brassica campestris L.), leaf or Chinese mustard (B. juncea Zerj, & Coss.), black mustard (B. nigra (L.) Koch), broccoli and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), Chinese or celery cabbage (B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.), rutabaga ...

Also known as the Crucifer family named for the four petalled flowers they produce. Brassicas make up a large portion of our garden vegetables. Without them, it would be hard to have the kind of variety we have in the spring, fall and winter. The variations are great in this family. But from greens, to roots, to bulbs, to heads, the brassica pungency is always present. ...

Brussel sprouts are getting some height now and should be ready just before Christmas. They are getting on to be about 1 metre tall. I like to keep all the brassicas together like this so that I can regulate club root infection. I did get a little clubroot in the summer cauliflowers and the calabrese but this ground will not be used for brassicas for another six years and by then there will be few spores in the ground to infect the plants. The new brassica bed has the sweet peas on at the moment. These will be dug in to give a little more nitrogen to the soil because they are legumes and have root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen. The new bed will be limed in the spring to make sure that this soil is not a good habitat for the club root fungi. The new brassica bed has not had brassicas on it for about six years. Rotating strictly like this enables you to eradicate diseases like club root ...

Brassica crochet top is 100% cotton and handmade in Madrid. The top is embellished with faux pearls. Brassica crochet top is made to order. Please contact us at [email protected] with your measurements before or after purchasing. Measurements Taken Flat: Armpit to armpit - 40 cm Length - 17 cmStrap -

Club Sandwich in Rapa Nui is all about huge portions and watching chickens next door. A great place to replenish energy after looking at Maoi statues

An activist fighting for the rights of Rapa Nuis indigenous people says one man has been in a coma, another has been jailed on Easter Island without treatment for his...

Stem mechanical strength (SMS) plays an important role in resisting stem dislodging. However, the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying SMS in rapeseed

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Animal Feed Products Exporters - Aggarwal Impex Suppliers of Sorghum India,Rapeseed Meal,Sorghum Supplier,Animal Feed Products Exporter,Animal Feed Products,Sorghum,Rapeseed Meal

Chicken With Chinese Cabbage & Noodles - Pasta and Noodles Are you up for a delicious, steaming and aromatic Chinese style noodles? Then try this recipe. Its a bet, youll be left asking for more.

See all results for Memorial Day Chinese Cabbage Lettuce Recipes. Find more recipes at Foodily.com - the largest recipe search site - and see the ones your friends like.

مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز کلزا (رقم هایولا 401) با اجرای آزمایشی در سال 94-1393 در شهرستان کهگیلویه واقع در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد بررسی گردید. این آزمایش به-صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد که در آن نحوه خاک‏ورزی با 3 سطح شامل (خاک‏ورزی مرسوم یعنی انجام شخم توسط گاوآهن برگردان‌دار + دو بار دیسک عمود برهم + لولر + بذرکار، خاک‏ورزی کاهش یافته با استفاده از گاوآهن قلمی یا چیزل و دیسک زنی، و بدون خاک‏ورزی یعنی کاشت مستقیم بذور کلزا در بقایای ذرت با بذرکار) و مصرف علف-کش در 5 سطح شامل مصرف علف‌کش‌های

مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز کلزا (رقم هایولا 401) با اجرای آزمایشی در سال 94-1393 در شهرستان کهگیلویه واقع در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد بررسی گردید. این آزمایش به-صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد که در آن نحوه خاک‏ورزی با 3 سطح شامل (خاک‏ورزی مرسوم یعنی انجام شخم توسط گاوآهن برگردان‌دار + دو بار دیسک عمود برهم + لولر + بذرکار، خاک‏ورزی کاهش یافته با استفاده از گاوآهن قلمی یا چیزل و دیسک زنی، و بدون خاک‏ورزی یعنی کاشت مستقیم بذور کلزا در بقایای ذرت با بذرکار) و مصرف علف-کش در 5 سطح شامل مصرف علف‌کش‌های

Neutrófilos são as primeiras células do sistema imune a migrarem para o tecido inflamado e exercem a importante função de fagocitose e eliminação imediata de patógenos invasores. A ativação de neutrófilos é um processo de múltiplos passos e de alta complexidade. A busca por agentes biológicos capazes de modular o processo de ativação, migração, fagocitose e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) é importante pois aumentam a gama de opções para utilização na pesquisa. Nesse trabalho utilizamos a lectina extraída de Brassica oleracea (BOL) a fim de avaliar a sua capacidade na modulação da resposta de neutrófilos. Para os ensaios nós purificamos neutrófilos de camundongo tanto do sangue periférico quanto da cavidade peritoneal buscando avaliar sua capacidade migratória, o índice de CD62L na superfície e o índice fagocítico de neutrófilos pré-incubados com BOL. A lectina apresentou diversos efeitos de acordo com a dose utilizada, sendo possível ...

Raphanus sativus is a ANNUAL growing to 0.5 m (1ft 8in) by 0.2 m (0ft 8in) at a fast rate. It is not frost tender. It is in flower from Jun to August, and the seeds ripen from Jul to September. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, flies.Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil.

Collard greens can be grown year round in the Pacific Northwest with a little care. Nearly as cold hardy as kale and more heat tolerant, collards are an easy crop in this region.. If you want to harvest year round, start collards inside in late February along with the rest of your spring brassica crops.. If space is limited, collard greens - like kale - are well suited to fall and winter culture. Sow outside directly or start indoors in June for plants that will be big and mature by the time September slows down plant growth.. ...

Aim by fine-tuning the sound: Adjust, first the NOTE and then DETUNE controls so that the original and resynthesized sounds are closely matched (if that is your goal). A good technique is to fade the BALANCE knob fully left/right after making adjustments, if you have the perfect resynthesis the sound wont change (much) as the BALANCE knob is moved. NOTES: 1. The resynthesized sound is only a preview, always Import charged sample (described below) to hear the final resynthesized sound. 2. Untuned noises are difficult to resynthesize. For example the human voice, plosives, breath and similar untuned percussive sounds tend to acquire a vocoded quality. To help resolve these issues the Noise Generator can be used to restore untuned noises to the patch. Note that you can load your own custom Noise Samples to the library if needed ...

Finds sub-sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions. The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. More... ...

Finds sub-sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions. The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. More... ...

Raphanus sativus p67 protein: a chloroplastic RNA-binding protein, member of the PPR family; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank A5243544-6