This randomized phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of RO4929097 (gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097) when given together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery and to see how well it works compared to whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery alone in treating patients with breast cancer or other cancers (such as lung cancer or melanoma) that have spread to the brain. RO4929097 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Whole-brain radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays deliver radiation to the entire brain to treat tumors that can and cannot be seen. Stereotactic radiosurgery may be able to deliver x-rays directly to the tumor and cause less damage to normal tissue. It is not yet known whether giving RO4929097 together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery may kill more tumor cells ...

This randomized phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of RO4929097 (gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097) when given together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery and to see how well it works compared to whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery alone in treating patients with breast cancer or other cancers (such as lung cancer or melanoma) that have spread to the brain. RO4929097 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Whole-brain radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays deliver radiation to the entire brain to treat tumors that can and cannot be seen. Stereotactic radiosurgery may be able to deliver x-rays directly to the tumor and cause less damage to normal tissue. It is not yet known whether giving RO4929097 together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery may kill more tumor cells ...

Introduction to Brain Tumor Stem Cells -- Isolation and Culture of Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cells -- Establishment and Culture of Patient-Derived Primary Medulloblastoma Cell Lines -- Bioinformatic Strategies for the Genomic and Epigenomic Characterization of Brain Tumors -- Detecting Stem Cell Marker Expression Using the NanoString nCounter System -- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Brain Tumor Stem Cells -- In Vitro Self-Renewal Assays for Brain Tumor Stem Cells -- Differentiation of Brain Tumor Initiating Cells -- The Study of Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration -- The Study of Brain Tumor Stem Cell Invasion -- Cell Cycle Dynamics in Glioma Cancer Stem Cells -- Embryonic Stem Cell Models of Human Brain Tumors -- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Protocols for the Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory -- EPH Profiling of BTIC Populations in Glioblastoma Multiforme Using CyTOF -- Pooled Lentiviral CRISPR-Cas9 Screens for Functional Genomics in Mammalian Cells -- In Vitro Assays for ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Use of 5-ALA fluorescence guided endoscopic biopsy of a deep-seated primary malignant brain tumor. T2 - Technical note. AU - Ritz, Rainer. AU - Feigl, Guenther C.. AU - Schuhmann, Martin U.. AU - Ehrhardt, André. AU - Danz, Soeren. AU - Noell, Susan. AU - Bornemann, Antje. AU - Tatagiba, Marcos S.. PY - 2011/1/1. Y1 - 2011/1/1. N2 - The introduction of fluorescence-guided resection of primary malignant brain tumors was a milestone in neurosurgery. Deep-seated malignant brain tumors are often not approachable for microsurgical resection. For diagnosis and therapy, new strategies are recommended. The combination of endoscopy and 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (5-ALA-induced Pp IX) fluorescence-guided procedures supported by neuronavigation seems an interesting option. Here the authors report on a combined approach for 5-ALA fluorescence-guided biopsy in which they use an endoscopy system based on an Xe lamp (excitation approximately λ = 407 nm; dichroic filter ...

This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of trametinib with or without whole brain radiation therapy in treating patients with brain metastases. Trametinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Radiation therapy uses high energy x rays to kill tumor cells. Drugs, such as trametinib, may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Giving trametinib with whole brain radiation therapy may be an effective treatment for brain metastases.

When you fundraise for Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada, one of the many things that you are helping to fund is the Brain Tumour Tissue Bank. Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada is the sole funder of the Brain Tumour Tissue Bank, which is housed in state-of-the-art facilities located at University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario.. We recently went on a tour of the facility, which is located close to the surgery theatres to ensure that tissue samples are collected and processed as quickly as possible.. The Brain Tumour Tissue Bank started when Iain, a nine year old boy, became ill with an inoperable brain stem tumour. His family realized that there was no cure and that research was the only way to find a cure. The Brain Tumour Tissue Bank officially opened on June 10, 1991, the first anniversary of Iains death ...

Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) delivers radiation treatments to the entire brain over a period of many weeks. WBRT is typically used if there are more than a few areas of cancer in the brain. WBRT helps to shrink the tumors and improve symptoms. WBRT also may be used in place of, or in addition to, stereotactic radiosurgery. The side effects of WBRT include thought and memory problems, so its important to have a conversation with your doctor to weigh the risks and benefits of WBRT in your situation. If you have HER2-positive breast cancer that has moved into the brain, you may be able to delay whole-brain radiation therapy by using the combination of Tykerb (chemical name: lapatinib) and Xeloda (chemical name: capecitabine). For more information, see Targeted Therapies to Treat Recurrent and Metastatic Breast Cancer. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Phase I study of bendamustine with concurrent whole brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. AU - Pan, Edward. AU - Yu, Daohai. AU - Zhao, Xiuhua. AU - Neuger, Anthony. AU - Smith, Pamela. AU - Chinnaiyan, Prakash. AU - Yu, Hsiang Hsuan M.ichael. PY - 2014/9/1. Y1 - 2014/9/1. N2 - A phase I study was conducted to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose of bendamustine with concurrent whole brain radiation (WBR) in patients with brain metastases (BM) from solid tumors. Four doses of intravenous weekly bendamustine were administered with 3 weeks of WBR at three dose levels (60, 80, and 100 mg/m(2)) according to a standard 3 + 3 phase I design. A total of 12 patients with solid tumor BM were enrolled in the study (six with non-small cell lung cancer, four with melanoma, one with breast cancer, and one with neuroendocrine carcinoma). The first two dose levels had three ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pathological and molecular advances in pediatric low-grade astrocytoma. AU - Rodriguez, Fausto J.. AU - Lim, Kah Suan. AU - Bowers, Daniel. AU - Eberhart, Charles G.. PY - 2013/1. Y1 - 2013/1. N2 - Pediatric low-grade astrocytomas are the most common brain tumors in children. They can have similar microscopic and clinical features, making accurate diagnosis difficult. For patients whose tumors are in locations that do not permit full resection, or those with an intrinsically aggressive biology, more effective therapies are required. Until recently, little was known about the molecular changes that drive the initiation and growth of pilocytic and other low-grade astrocytomas beyond the association of a minority of cases, primarily in the optic nerve, with neurofibromatosis type 1. Over the past several years, a wide range of studies have implicated the BRAF oncogene and other members of this signaling cascade in the pathobiology of pediatric low-grade astrocytoma. In this review, ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Survival after surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple intracranial metastases. T2 - Results of a single-center retrospective study. AU - Smith, Timothy R.. AU - Lall, Rohan R.. AU - Lall, Rishi Rajiv. AU - Abecassis, Isaac Josh. AU - Arnaout, Omar M.. AU - Marymont, Mary Anne H.. AU - Swanson, Kristin R.. AU - Chandler, James P.. PY - 2014/10/1. Y1 - 2014/10/1. N2 - Object. Patients with systemic cancer and a single brain metastasis who undergo treatment with resection plus radiotherapy live longer and have a better quality of life than those treated with radiotherapy alone. Historically, whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the mainstay of radiation therapy; however, it is associated with significant delayed neurocognitive sequelae. In this study, the authors looked at survival in patients with single and multiple intracranial metastases who had undergone surgery and adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the tumor bed and synchronous ...

High grade glioma classification The term malignant or high grade glioma refers to tumors that are classified as: ●WHO Grade 3 glioma: Anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma ● Grade 4 (glioblastoma multiforme) ---------- see Pediatric high grade glioma. Brainstem high grade glioma Cystic high grade glioma Pediatric high grade glioma Recurrent high grade glioma Temporal lobe high grade glioma Thalamic high grade glioma…

TY - CHAP. T1 - Simultaneously integrated boost to multiple brain metastases during whole brain radiation therapy-hippocampal avoidance. AU - Gutiérrez, Alonso N.. AU - Tomé, Wolfgang A.. AU - Ghia, Amol. AU - Thomas, Sayana. AU - Cannon, George. AU - Khuntia, Deepak. AU - Kuo, John S.. AU - Mehta, Minesh. PY - 2010/3/19. Y1 - 2010/3/19. N2 - Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of delivering a radiosurgery-quality integrated boost to visible brain metastases combined with hippocampal sparing whole brain radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ten patients were planned on helical tomotherapy using MR-CT fusion-defined target and normal structure contours. Individually contoured hippocampi were used as conformal avoidance structures and limited to a mean-NTD2 of 6 Gy, where NTD2 denotes the normalized total dose delivered in 2 Gy fractions assuming an α/β-ratio of 2 Gy. A whole brain dose of 32.25 Gy and simultaneous boost doses to brain metastases of either 63.0 Gy (, ...

Abstract:. Thyroid carcinoma with metastatic intracranial involvement is very rare. Intracranial metastases occur in ,1% of all cases. Even in thyroid carcinoma medullary carcinoma with intracranial metastasis is extremely rare. This is a case report of 58-year-old male presenting with scalp swelling over the left fronto parietal region, which was diagnosed as medullary carcinoma thyroid with intracranial metastases. This case presented because of it rarity of presentation.. ...

Although targeted therapies have produced dramatic advances in our ability to control some types of advanced lung cancer, growth of the disease in the brain remains a major problem. Radiation is often used to treat deposits in the brain, but the best technique to deliver radiation can be controversial. Whole-brain radiation therapy, as its name suggest, treats the entire brain but can be associated with notable cognitive side effects. Another strategy, radiosurgery, directs highly-focused radiation only to the sites of metastasis, largely sparing the normal brain. The challenge has been to define in which circumstances each technique is best. The debate has centered on the number of brain metastases, with the field generally agreeing that with three or fewer deposits, radiosurgery is the preferred approach, and then switching to the use of whole-brain radiation to treat four or more deposits.. A University of Colorado Cancer Center study published today in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology ...

My wife received postoperative whole brain radiation therapy for a single brain metastasis in the Summer of 1998. She began developing brain radiation necrosis within 6-10 months after whole brain radiation, confirmed by an enhanced MRI in June of 1999. Her radiation-induced brain necrosis could have been focal or diffuse, depending on the modality of treatment. The five fractions of focal radiation to the local tumor bed could have resulted in either focal necrosis around the tumor bed or metastatic recurrance. In her case she developed metastatic recurrance as per Pet Scan of August 2000 showing abnormal foci of radiotracer accumulation within the right cerebellar hemisphere, right cerebellopontine angle, pons and base of the fourth ventricle consistent with new metastatic foci. Her previous tumor resection of July 1998, was a 3.5cm necrotic mass in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Recurrance of a cerebral metastasis was very likely to happen in the future. It did, observed via an enhanced MRI ...

Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;10(19):6411-7. A phase I study of topical Tempol for the prevention of alopecia induced by whole brain radiotherapy. Metz JM¹, Smith D, Mick R, Lustig R, Mitchell J, Cherakuri M, Glatstein E, Hahn SM. ¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Abstract PURPOSE: Complete alopecia is a universal complication of whole brain radiation therapy which contributes to patient anxiety over treatment. Tempol, a nitroxide radioprotector, has been shown to protect against radiation-induced alopecia in an animal model. This phase Ib study was designed to evaluate the safety and side effect profile of topical Tempol in patients with brain metastases being treated with whole brain radiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twelve patients with metastatic cancer to the brain were enrolled in the study between October 2000 and February 2003. Tempol (70 mg/ml concentration solution) was applied topically to the scalp 15 minutes before and washed off immediately

Brain metastases from systemic cancer remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The clinical results of gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastases are analyzed to identify treatment parameters and ascertain effectiveness correlated with local tumor control. Between May 1990 and August 1993, 103 patients with brain metastases were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. Forty four patients had single metastasis. But the rest of the patients had multiple brain metastases: two lesions in 22 patients, three lesions in 13 patients, and more than four lesions in 24 patients. They were expected to survive more than three months and their Karnofsky performance scores were 70% or more. Fifty nine patients underwent radiosurgery only. Seventeen patients had received adjuvant whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT) with radiosurgery. Among 27 patients who underwent tumor resection and radiosurgery, 10 patients had received combined WBRT also. Despite of 91.6% of local tumor control, overall median ...

The goal of this clinical research study is to learn whether Tarceva (erlotinib hydrochloride), when given in addition to whole brain radiation therapy,

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Title:Anti-cancer Therapies in High Grade Gliomas. VOLUME: 10 ISSUE: 3. Author(s):Cristiana Pistol Tanase, Ana-Maria Enciu, Simona Mihai, Ana Iulia Neagu, Bogdan Calenic and Maria Linda Cruceru. Affiliation:Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Dept. of Biochemistry-Proteomics, no 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 sect 5 Bucharest, Romania.. Keywords:Antiangiogenic therapy, cancer stem cells, glioma, microRNA, personalized medicine, PI-3K.. Abstract:High grade gliomas represent one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant types of human cancer, with only 1-2 years median survival rate for patients with grade IV glioma. The treatment of glioblastoma is a considerable therapeutic challenge; combination therapy targeting multiple pathways is becoming a fast growing area of research. This review offers an up-to-date perspective of the literature about current molecular therapy targets in high grade glioma, that include angiogenic signals, tyrosine kinase receptors, nodal signaling ...

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a palliative option for patients with brain metastases that alleviates symptoms, decreases the use of corticosteroids needed to control tumor-associated edema, and potentially improves overall survival. It has been reported to increase the risk of cognitive decline. McTyre, E; Scott, J; Chinnaiyan, P (2013). Whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastasis. Surg Neurol Int. 4: S236-44. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.111301. PMC 3656558 . PMID 23717795. Whole-Brain Radiotherapy: Risks Worth Benefit?. Medscape.com. Retrieved August 20, 2015 ...

To retrospectively access outcome and toxicity of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with multiple brain metastases (BM) from malignant melanoma (MM). Results of 87 patients (median age 58 years; 35 female, 52 male) treated by WBRT for BM of MM between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed. Total dose applied was either 30 Gy in 10 fractions (n = 56) or 40 Gy in 20 fractions (n = 31). All but 9 patients suffered from extra-cerebral metastases. Prior surgical resection of BM was performed in 18 patients, salvage stereotactic radiosurgery in 13 patients. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range, 0-57 months), the 6- and 12-months overall-(OS) survival rates were 29.2% and 16.5%, respectively. The median OS was 3.5 months. In cerebral follow-up imaging 6 (11) patients showed a complete (partial) remission, while 11 (17) patients had stable disease (intra-cerebral tumor progression). In comparison of total dose, the group treated with 40 Gy in 20 fractions achieved a significant longer OS (p = 0.003, median 3.1 vs

Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment of this aggressive tumor, the clinical outcome for patients remains poor. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are recognized as promising targets for cancer treatment. In the past several years, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been used as radiosensitizers in glioblastoma treatment. However, no study has demonstrated the status of global HDAC expression in gliomas and its possible correlation to the use of HDACis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare mRNA and protein levels of class I, II and IV of HDACs in low grade and high grade astrocytomas and normal brain tissue and to correlate the findings with the malignancy in astrocytomas. Forty-three microdissected patient tumor samples were evaluated. The histopathologic diagnoses were 20 low-grade gliomas (13 grade I and 7 grade II) and 23 high-grade gliomas (5 grade III and 18 glioblastomas). Eleven normal cerebral tissue

The effect of radiosurgery on spontaneous haemorrhage into metastatic brain tumours has not been sufficiently investigated. This study showed that haemorrhage was observed in 7.4% of patients (3.8% of tumours) before radiosurgery and in 18.5% of patients (7.6% of tumours) after radiosurgery. This would not necessarily imply that radiosurgery increases the likelihood of haemorrhage, as the incidence of intratumour haemorrhage is quite different between the early and later stages of brain metastases, which grow very rapidly. Rather, the incidence of haemorrhage after radiosurgery (18.5%) was no greater than that of untreated tumours reported previously (0-50%).3 However, it is not possible to state definitively whether radiosurgery increases, does not change, or decreases the risk of haemorrhage, because of the lack of a control group. However, 50% of the observed haemorrhages occurred within one month of the procedure. As most haemorrhagic tumours were under good local control at the time of the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Preoperative embolization of hypervascular pediatric brain tumors. T2 - Evaluation of technical safety and outcome. AU - Wang, Hsueh Han. AU - Luo, Chao Bao. AU - Guo, Wan Yuo. AU - Wu, Hsiu Mei. AU - Lirng, Jiing Feng. AU - Wong, Tai-Tong. AU - Lu, Yueh Hsun. AU - Chang, Feng Chi. PY - 2013/11/1. Y1 - 2013/11/1. N2 - Background: Surgical management of pediatric hypervascular brain tumors is challenging because of the risk of bleeding. We sought to evaluate the technical factors associated with safety and outcome of preoperative embolization of pediatric hypervascular brain tumors. Materials and methods: Eight pediatric brain tumor patients received preoperative endovascular embolization during the past 8 years. The cases included four choroid plexus papillomas, one yolk sac tumor, one intraventricular meningioma, one astrocytoma, and one hemangioblastoma. Embolization was done by superselection of the feeding arteries with microcatheters followed by slow injection of either ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases. T2 - a case-matched study comparing treatment results for patients with 2-9 versus 10 or more tumors. AU - Yamamoto, Masaaki. AU - Kawabe, Takuya. AU - Sato, Yasunori. AU - Higuchi, Yoshinori. AU - Nariai, Tadashi. AU - Watanabe, Shinya. AU - Kasuya, Hidetoshi. PY - 2014/12/1. Y1 - 2014/12/1. N2 - OBJECT: Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone is not a standard treatment for patients with 4-5 tumors or more, a recent trend has been for patients with 5 or more, or even 10 or more, tumors to undergo SRS alone. The aim of this study was to reappraise whether the treatment results for SRS alone for patients with 10 or more tumors differ from those for patients with 2-9 tumors.METHODS: This was an institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study that gathered data from the Katsuta Hospital Mito GammaHouse prospectively accumulated database. Data were collected for 2553 patients who ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Prognostic factors and survival patterns in pediatric low-grade gliomas over 4 decades. AU - Youland, Ryan S.. AU - Khwaja, Shariq S.. AU - Schomas, David A.. AU - Keating, Gesina F.. AU - Wetjen, Nicholas M.. AU - Laack, Nadia N.. PY - 2013/4/1. Y1 - 2013/4/1. N2 - BACKGROUND:: This study reports changes in long-term survival after the introduction of modern imaging in pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS:: Records from 351 consecutive pediatric patients diagnosed with LGG between 1970 and 2009 at Mayo Clinic Rochester were reviewed and divided into diagnosis before (group I: 1970 to 1989) and after (group II: 1990 to 2009) postoperative magnetic resonance imaging became regularly used in pediatric LGG. RESULTS:: Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached. Overall, 10-year PFS was 62% and OS was 90%. On multivariate analysis, improved PFS was associated with gross total resection (GTR; P,0.0001) and postoperative ...

COMBINED MODALITY TREATMENT INCLUDING METHOTREXATE-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY FOR PRIMARY CEREBRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pseudoprogression of glioblastoma after chemo- and radiation therapy. T2 - Diagnosis by using dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging with ferumoxytol versus gadoteridol and correlation with survival. AU - Gahramanov, Seymur. AU - Muldoon, Leslie. AU - Varallyay, Csanad G.. AU - Li, Xin. AU - Kraemer, Dale. AU - Fu, Rongwei (Rochelle). AU - Hamilton, Bronwyn. AU - Rooney, William. AU - Neuwelt, Edward. PY - 2013/3. Y1 - 2013/3. N2 - Purpose: To compare gadoteridol and ferumoxytol for measurement of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who showed progressive disease at conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after chemo- and radiation therapy (hereafter, chemoradiotherapy) and to correlate rCBV with survival. Materials and Methods: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment in one of four institutional review board-approved protocols. Contrast agent leakage maps and rCBV ...

Anaplastic astrocytoma is a rare WHO grade III type of astrocytoma, which is a type of cancer of the brain. In the United States, the annual incidence rate for Anaplastic astrocytoma is 0.44 per 100,000 persons Anaplastic astrocytomas fall under the category of high grade gliomas (WHO grade III-IV), which are pathologically undifferentiated gliomas that carry a poor clinical prognosis. Unlike glioblastomas (WHO grade IV), anaplastic astrocytomas lack vascular proliferation and necrosis on pathologic evaluation. Compared to grade II tumors, anaplastic astrocytomas are more cellular, demonstrate more atypia, and mitoses are seen. Initial presenting symptoms most commonly are headache, depressed mental status, focal neurological deficits, and/or seizures. The growth rate and mean interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis is approximately 1.5-2 years but is highly variable, being intermediate between that of low-grade astrocytomas and glioblastomas. Seizures are less common among patients ...

The researchers found that there was less cognitive deterioration at 3 months after stereotactic radiosurgery alone (40/63 patients, 64%) than when combined with whole brain radiotherapy (44/48 patients, 92%). Quality of life was higher at three months with stereotactic radiosurgery alone, including overall quality of life. There was no significant difference in functional independence at three months between the treatment groups. Median overall survival was 10.4 months for stereotactic radiosurgery alone and 7.4 months for stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy. For long-term survivors, the incidence of cognitive deterioration was less after stereotactic radiosurgery alone at three months and at 12 months.. In the absence of a difference in overall survival, these findings suggest that for patients with one to three brain metastases amenable to radiosurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery alone may be a preferred strategy, the authors write.. The debate between whole brain ...

Allexperts Brain Tumors Q&A Prominent doctors and others answer your detailed one-on-one questions about brain tumors and cancers for free.. Sutter Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Center provides non-invasive, stereotactic radiosurgery treatment for tumors, neuromas, arteriovenous malformations, Parkinsons Disease and other brain disorders.. NYU Neurosurgery Information about brain tumors, spine disorders, functional neurosurgery and radiosurgery. Clinical Trials And Noteworthy Treatments For Brain Tumors - Brain tumor treatment information. What You Need to Know about Brain Tumors A booklet from the National Cancer Institute on brain tumors. Pacific Neurosurgical Associates treatments for disorders of the brain and spine, brain tumors, and epilepsy.. Wake Forest University Neurosurgery Presents comprehensive links to neurosurgical treatments such as the Gamma Knife and to diseases such as Parkinsons and brain tumors.. The Rory David Deutsch Foundation The Rory David Deutsch Foundation is dedicated to ...

Background: The atmosphere of valley of Kashmir is ideal for fresh and dry fruit production. Millions of tons of pesticides, insecticides and fungicides (chemicals like chlorpyriphos, mancozeb, captan, dimethoate, phosalone, etc.) are being used by the orchard farmers to spray the plants, fruits and the leaves every year. The increasing trend in the incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in orchard farmers of Kashmir is alarming. Aim: To determine the relationship between the patients of primary malignant brain tumors and their occupation. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively case files along with death certificates of 432 patients of primary malignant brain tumors and 457 controls (non-tumor neurologic diseases), admitted for treatment simultaneously over a period of 4 years from January 2005 to December 2008, to the Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Kashmir, were studied. Follow-up and family contact was established. The serum ...

Berghoff, Anna Sophie, Spanberger, Thomas, Ilhan-Mutlu, Aysegül, Magerle, Manuel, Hutterer, Markus, Woehrer, Adelheid, Hackl, Monika, Widhalm, Georg, Dieckmann, Karin, Marosi, Christine, Birner, Peter, Prayer, Daniela and Preusser, Matthias (2013) Preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging of single brain metastases correlates with patient survival times. PloS one 8 (2), e55464 ...

The June 2012 International Society of Pediatric Neuro Oncology (ISPNO) meeting in Toronto, Canada featuried a Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Symposium. This was the third time the PLGA Foundation had sponsored a targeted session at ISPNO and interest in the low grade glioma field continues to grow amongst scientists and medical experts because of meeting such as these.. The ISPNO meets once every 2 years and attracts an international audience of over 1000 experts in the clinical and research fields. The exposure that this symposium gives to this disease is immense. The LGG session sold out in the first two weeks with over 200 participants registering. This means that more attention will be focused on the most common forms of childrens brain tumors giving hope to the children battling these tumors for more effective treatments and a cure.. The LGG Session was moderated by Dr. Charles Eberhart, Associate Professor of Oncology, Pathology and Opthomology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Tolerance of awake surgery for glioma. T2 - A prospective European Low Grade Glioma Network multicenter study. AU - Beez, Thomas. AU - Boge, Kira. AU - Wager, Michel. AU - Whittle, Ian. AU - Fontaine, Denys. AU - Spena, Giannantonio. AU - Braun, Sebastian. AU - Szelényi, Andrea. AU - Bello, Lorenzo. AU - Duffau, Hugues. AU - Sabel, Michael. PY - 2013/7. Y1 - 2013/7. N2 - Background: Gross total removal of glioma is limited by proximity to eloquent brain. Awake surgery allows for intraoperative monitoring to safely identify eloquent regions. However, data on adverse psychological effects induced in these patients is limited. Objective: This study explored patients perception of awake surgery for glioma, with special focus on intraoperative pain and anxiety. Methods: This study was conducted at five neurosurgical centers within the European Low Grade Glioma Network. Patients underwent awake surgery for glioma according to the protocol of the individual center. Pain and discomfort ...

Pediatric brain tumors are the second most common form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. Until recently, the majority of research in pediatric brain tumors was focused on the highly aggressive embryonal tumors, such as medulloblastoma, and there have been recent dramatic advances in the understanding of this subset of tumors.. However, more than half of childhood primary central nervous system tumors are gliomas and, unlike the situation in adulthood, low-grade gliomas constitute most pediatric gliomas. Pediatric low-grade gliomas arise throughout the nervous system and, despite their often indolent nature - dependent on their location in the nervous system - they may not be amenable to safe, extensive resections and can result in significant morbidity and, at times, mortality.. Radiation has been a conventional second step in therapy when surgery is not deemed feasible. In many children, this can result in excellent long-term control, but ...

A case of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) in a 9-year-old girl is reported. Histological features of PXAs are cellular pleomorphism of GFAP-positive cells, with intracytoplasmic lipidic vacuoles and a reticulin network, bizarre giant cells, low mitotic activity, and lack of necrosis and of endothelial vascular proliferations. These tumors are generally reported to have a favorable postoperative course. In our case, a poor clinical prognosis and spread of the illness through the CSF was observed. Immunohistochemical features of the tumor, which were histologically anaplastic in nature, were analyzed. There were small foci of necrosis in the sections of the material obtained at the first operation and extensive necrosis in that from the second operation, although the patient had not received radiotherapy between the operations. The presence of necrosis in PXA is an uncommon and significant feature. It predicts the poor prognosis seen in this case, and therefore this report strongly supports

In patients who had undergone surgery for brain metastases, the rate of recurrence at the resected site was similar between patients who received adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy vs those who underwent adjuvant localized radiotherapy, according to a retrospective study by Hsieh et al in the journal Neurosurgery. However, localized radiotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of distant metastases.. Surgery followed by adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy is a well-established treatment for brain metastases, particularly in patients who have a limited number of brain metastases. Yet discussions continue as to whether these patients require whole-brain radiotherapy or can be treated with localized radiotherapy. Localized radiotherapy is associated with fewer side effects compared with whole-brain radiotherapy, but some studies have documented an association with an increased risk for development of new intracranial metastases.. Thus, the investigators conducted a study to examine the rate of ...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma and has a relatively favorable prognosis. PTC brain metastases are rare, occurring in 0.1‑5% of cases in previous studies. In the present study, we treated 5 cases of PTC brain metastasis in our institute and retrospectively evaluated these patients. A retrospective database was generated from the patient medical records of our institution for the years between 1976 and 2011. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 64.6 years and the average duration from PTC resection to the detection of a brain metastasis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) was 91.7 months. The patients were treated with various combinations of surgery and radiation therapy. All 5 patients died and the mean overall survival following the diagnosis of a brain metastasis was 9.0 months. One patient succumbed to an intratumoral hemorrhage of the metastatic brain tumor. The remaining patients died following metastasis to ...

Glioblastomas (malignant glioma) are the most common adult malignant brain tumors, and 20% of all primary brain neoplasms are glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; malignant glioma) is the highest-grade form of astrocytoma and makes up about two thirds of all brain astrocytomas.

Zic zinc finger proteins are present in the developing rodent meninges and are required for cell proliferation and differentiation of meningeal progenitors. Although human ZIC genes are known to be molecular markers for medulloblastomas, their expression in meningioma has not been addressed to date. We examined the mRNA and protein expression of human ZIC1, ZIC2, ZIC3, ZIC4 and ZIC5 genes in meningiomas in comparison to other brain tumors, using RT-PCR, analysis of published microarray data, and immunostaining. ZIC1, ZIC2 and ZIC5 transcript levels in meningiomas were higher than those in whole brain or normal dura mater, whereas all five ZIC genes were abundantly expressed in medulloblastomas. The expression level of ZIC1 in public microarray data was greater in meningiomas classified as World Health Organization Grade II (atypical) than those classified as Grade I (benign). Immunoscreening using anti-ZIC antibodies revealed that 23 out of 23 meningioma cases were ZIC1/2/3/5-immunopositive. By

TY - JOUR. T1 - Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiation Therapy. T2 - A Propensity Score Analysis and Predictors of Care for Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer. AU - Mainwaring, Walker. AU - Bowers, John. AU - Pham, Ngoc. AU - Pezzi, Todd. AU - Shukla, Mihir. AU - Bonnen, Mark. AU - Ludwig, Michelle. PY - 2019/4. Y1 - 2019/4. N2 - Background: Metastases to the brain occur in 10%-16% of patients with breast cancer, with incidence reportedly increasing. Historically, brain metastases (BM) have been treated with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), but stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an increasingly favored treatment option. In this study we used a population-level database to compare patterns of care and survival between WBRT and SRS for BM from breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to select patients treated with radiation for BM from primary breast cancer. Groups were classified on the basis of the modality of radiation ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Intraventricular dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in a pediatric patient. T2 - Is it the most common extracortical location for DNT?. AU - Yuan, Ji. AU - Sharma, Nirupma. AU - Choudhri, Haroon. AU - Figueroa, Ramon. AU - Sharma, Suash. PY - 2011/3. Y1 - 2011/3. N2 - Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is commonly located in the supratentorial cortex. Extracortical localization of DNT is extremely rare. A 15-year-old female presented with loss of consciousness after head trauma. MRI demonstrated hydrocephalus secondary to a small non-enhancing T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense mass lesion in the foramen of Monro; with radiologic impression of low-grade astrocytoma or colloid cyst. Tumor was gross totally resected. Histologic examination showed partly microcystic architecture with oligodendroglia-like neurocytic cells, glioneuronal element, and floating neurons, with synaptophysin reactivity mainly in cell processes, consistent with DNT. Focal subependymoma-like ...

Effective transvascular delivery of nanoparticle-based chemotherapeutics across the blood-brain tumor barrier of malignant gliomas remains a challenge. This is due to our limited understanding of nanoparticle properties in relation to the physiologic size of pores within the blood-brain tumor barrier. Polyamidoamine dendrimers are particularly small multigenerational nanoparticles with uniform sizes within each generation. Dendrimer sizes increase by only 1 to 2 nm with each successive generation. Using functionalized polyamidoamine dendrimer generations 1 through 8, we investigated how nanoparticle size influences particle accumulation within malignant glioma cells. Magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging probes were conjugated to the dendrimer terminal amines. Functionalized dendrimers were administered intravenously to rodents with orthotopically grown malignant gliomas. Transvascular transport and accumulation of the nanoparticles in brain tumor tissue was measured in vivo with dynamic contrast

1. Keene DL, Jimenez C, Hsu E. MRI diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Pediatr Neurol 1999; 20(2): 148-151. 2. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A et al. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114(2): 547. 3. Nevin S. Gliomatosis cerebri. Brain 1938; 61: 170-191. 4. Scheinker M, Evans JP. Diffuse cerebral gliomatosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1943; 2: 178-189. 5. Troost D, Kuiper M, Valk J, Fleury P. Gliomatosis cerebri, report of a clinically diagnosed and histologically confirmed case. Clin Neurol Neurosurgery 1987; 89(1): 43-47. 6. Lantos PL, Bruner JM. Gliomatosis cerebri: In: Kleihues P, Cavenee WK (eds). Pathology and genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System, Lyon: IARC Press 1997: 65-66. 7. Peretti-Viton P, Brunel H, Chinot O, Daniel C, Barrrié M, Bouvier C et al. Histological and MR correlations in Gliomatosis cerebri. J Neurooncol 2002; 59(3): 249-259. 8. Freund M, Hähnel S, Sommer C, Martmann M, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Epithelioid glioblastoma arising from pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with the BRAF V600E mutation. AU - Tanaka, Shingo. AU - Nakada, Mitsutoshi. AU - Nobusawa, Sumihito. AU - Suzuki, Satoshi O.. AU - Sabit, Hemragul. AU - Miyashita, Katsuyoshi. AU - Hayashi, Yutaka. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2014/7. Y1 - 2014/7. N2 - Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is classified by the World Health Organization as a grade II astrocytic tumor with relatively favorable prognosis among gliomas. A valine-to-glutamic acid substitution at position 600 of the serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF (BRAF V600E) mutation, which is commonly found in PXA, has recently been detected in approximately 50 % of all epithelioid glioblastoma (GBM) cases. We herein report a case of epithelioid GBM developing at the site of a left temporal PXA 13 years after the treatment of the primary tumor. The BRAF V600E mutation was detected in both tumors. These findings suggest ...

Contents: The Fundamentals.- The History of Stereotactic Radiosurgery.- Neuroimaging in Radiosurgery Treatment Planning and Follow-up Evaluation.- Techniques of Stereotactic Radiosurgery.- Radiation Biology and Physics.- The Physics of Stereotactic Radiosurgery.- Radiobiological Principles Underlying Stereotactic Radiation Therapy.- Experimental Radiosurgery Models.- Treatment Planning for Stereotactic Radiosurgery.- Designing, Building and Installing a Stereotactic Radiosurgery Unit.- Stereotactic Radiosurgery Techniques.- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.- Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery.- Proton Beam Radiosurgery: Physical Bases and Clinical Experience.- Robotics and Radiosurgery.- CyberKnife Radiosurgery.- Treatment of Disease Types.- Brain Metastases.- Metastatic Brain Tumors: Surgery Perspective.- Brain Metastases: Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy Perspective.- High-Grade Gliomas.- Malignant Glioma: Chemotherapy Perspective.- Meningioma.- Meningioma: Surgery Perspective.- Intracranial Meningioma: ...

Brain Stem Glioma Treatment, Brain Stem Glioma Treatment India, Brain Stem Glioma Treatment Cost In India Info On Cost Brain Stem Glioma Treatment Mumbai Delhi Bangalore India, Brain Stem Glioma Treatment Hospitals Center India, Brain Stem Glioma Treatment Doctors Surgeon India

Melanoma patients carry a high risk of developing brain metastases, and improvements in survival are still measured in weeks or months. Durable disease control within the brain is impeded by poor drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier, as well as intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Augmented mitochondrial respiration is a key resistance mechanism in BRAF-mutant melanomas but, as we show in this study, this dependence on mitochondrial respiration may also be exploited therapeutically. We first used high-throughput pharmacogenomic profiling to identify potentially repurposable compounds against BRAF-mutant melanoma brain metastases. One of the compounds identified was β-sitosterol, a well-tolerated and brain-penetrable phytosterol. Here we show that β-sitosterol attenuates melanoma cell growth in vitro and also inhibits brain metastasis formation in vivo. Functional analyses indicated that the therapeutic potential of β-sitosterol was linked to mitochondrial interference. Mechanistically,

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor which has poor prognosis. High incidence of oxidative stress-based therapy resistance could be related to the high antioxidant status of GBM cells. Our previous study has reported that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) antioxidant expression was significantly higher in high grade glioma than in low grade. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of MnSOD suppression toward GBM cell survival.. Methods: This study is an experimental study using human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell line. Suppression of MnSOD expression was performed using in vitro transfection MnSOD-siRNA. The MnSOD expression was analyzed by measuring the mRNA using real time RT-PCR, protein using ELISA technique, and specific activity of enzyme using inhibition of xantine oxidase. Concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular was determined by measuring superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Cell survival was analyzed by ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A volumetric study of CyberKnife hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy as salvage for progressive malignant brain tumors. T2 - Initial experience. AU - Giller, Cole A.. AU - Berger, Brian D.. AU - Fink, Karen. AU - Bastian, Eleanor. PY - 2007/9/1. Y1 - 2007/9/1. N2 - Objective: Radiosurgery is frequently offered to patients with progressive malignant brain tumors if radiation therapy or chemotherapy fails to provide local control. The use of single-shot regimens, however, is limited by the risk of complications when the tumor is large, surrounded by edema or has been pre-treated with radiation. Hypofractionation may confer safety but has not been tested for these difficult tumors. We report the results of hypofractionation as an alternative option in a small cohort of progressive malignant brain tumors. Methods: Hypofractionated CyberKnife radiotherapy was chosen for 18 progressive malignant brain tumors (six high-grade gliomas and 12 metastatic lesions) in 15 patients ...

Bevacizumab has been shown to improve progression-free survival and neurologic function, but failed to improve overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and at first recurrence. Nonetheless, bevacizumab is widely used in patients with recurrent glioma. However, its use in patients with gliomas showing a gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern is contentious. Due to the marked diffuse and infiltrative growth with less angiogenic tumor growth, it may appear questionable whether bevacizumab can have a therapeutic effect in those patients. However, the development of nodular, necrotic, and/or contrast-enhancing lesions in patients with a gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern is not uncommon and may indicate focal neo-angiogenesis. Therefore, control of growth of these lesions as well as control of edema and reduction of steroid use may be regarded as rationales for the use of bevacizumab in these patients. In this retrospective patient series, we report on 17 patients with primary brain tumors ...

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor Treatment clinics in South Korea at the best price. Find doctors, specialized in Oncology and compare prices, costs and reviews.

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour, commonly abbreviated DNT or DNET, is a type of brain tumour. Defined as an usually supratentorial glial-neuronal neoplasm occurring in children and young adults and characterized by a predominantly cortical location and by drug-resistant partial seizures [1] It appears similar to oligodendroglioma, but with visible neurons.[2] It is a benign tumor (Grade I of the WHO classification of brain tumours).[3][4] It can cause epilepsy.[5] ...

What is the treatment for benign brain tumor?. Treatment of benign brain tumors is similar to other brain tumor treatments except that chemotherapy is seldom done. Treatment protocols are based on the patients age, the location and size of the tumor, and the patients overall condition. Brain surgery (craniotomy) with surgical removal of tumor and/or radiation therapy (for example,. conventional radiation, gamma knife, proton beam) are the main treatments. Often other drugs such as corticosteroids that reduce edema (swelling) and help the brain heal are part of the treatment plan. Rarely are benign tumors untreatable.. There is also a Chinese herbal treatment that can reduce and delay tumor growth in brain.Treatment according to the Malaysian Chinese Master, he used some herbs such as Polyporus Umbellatus, spica prunellae (common Selfheal fruit-spike of Prunella vulgaris and also Rhizoma Acori Graminei . These herbs may be found in traditional formulas combined with other herbs that are then ...

What is the treatment for benign brain tumor?. Treatment of benign brain tumors is similar to other brain tumor treatments except that chemotherapy is seldom done. Treatment protocols are based on the patients age, the location and size of the tumor, and the patients overall condition. Brain surgery (craniotomy) with surgical removal of tumor and/or radiation therapy (for example,. conventional radiation, gamma knife, proton beam) are the main treatments. Often other drugs such as corticosteroids that reduce edema (swelling) and help the brain heal are part of the treatment plan. Rarely are benign tumors untreatable.. There is also a Chinese herbal treatment that can reduce and delay tumor growth in brain.Treatment according to the Malaysian Chinese Master, he used some herbs such as Polyporus Umbellatus, spica prunellae (common Selfheal fruit-spike of Prunella vulgaris and also Rhizoma Acori Graminei . These herbs may be found in traditional formulas combined with other herbs that are then ...

Mutations in SETD2 are found in many tumors, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Previous work has shown these mutations occur specifically in high grade gliomas of the cerebral hemispheres in pediatric and young adult patients. We investigated SETD2 mutations in a cohort of approximately 640 CNS tumors via next generation sequencing; 23 mutations were detected across 19 primary CNS tumors. Mutations were found in a wide variety of tumors and locations at a broad range of allele frequencies. SETD2 mutations were seen in both low and high grade gliomas as well as non-glial tumors, and occurred in patients greater than 55 years of age, in addition to pediatric and young adult patients. High grade gliomas at first occurrence demonstrated either frameshift/truncating mutations or point mutations at high allele frequencies, whereas recurrent high grade gliomas frequently harbored subclones with point mutations in SETD2 at lower allele frequencies in the setting of higher mutational burdens.

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor and result in an estimated 13,000 deaths each year in the United States 3 . Glial tumors are classified histologically, with pathological diagnosis affecting prognostic estimation and therapeutic decisions more than any other variable. Among high-grade gliomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas have a more favorable prognosis than glioblastomas (1) . Moreover, although glioblastomas are resistant to most available therapies, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are often chemosensitive, with approximately two-thirds of cases responding to procarbazine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, and vincristine (2 , 3) . Paradoxically, recognition of the clinical importance of diagnosing anaplastic oligodendroglioma has blurred the histopathological line separating glioblastoma and oligodendroglioma; to ensure that patients are not deprived of effective chemotherapy, pathologists have loosened their criteria for anaplastic oligodendroglioma. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Low-grade glioma on stereotactic biopsy. T2 - How often is the diagnosis accurate?. AU - Muragaki, Y.. AU - Chernov, M.. AU - Maruyama, T.. AU - Ochiai, T.. AU - Taira, T.. AU - Kubo, O.. AU - Nakamura, R.. AU - Iseki, Hiroshi. AU - Hori, T.. AU - Takakura, K.. PY - 2008/10. Y1 - 2008/10. N2 - The objective of the present study was an evaluation of the incidence and risk factors for erroneous histopathological diagnosis of low-grade glioma after stereotactic biopsy. Twenty-eight tumors diagnosed as low-grade glioma after stereotactic biopsy and surgically resected thereafter were analyzed. There were 13 astrocytomas, 7 oligodendrogliomas, and 8 mixed gliomas. All neoplasms had a lobar location. Seven tumors had contrast enhancement on MRI. The number of tissue samples obtained during stereotactic biopsy was one in 19 cases, two in 4, and three or more in 5. Complete diagnostic agreement in tumor typing and grading after stereotactic biopsy and surgical resection was attained in ...

Brain tumor news: A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin, for adults with recurrent malignant glioma: North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. GBM often invades surrounding regions of the brain during its early stages, making successful treatment difficult. Osthole, an active constituent isolated from the dried C. monnieri fruit, has been shown to suppress tumor migration and invasion. However, the effects of osthole in human GBM are largely unknown. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important for the metastasis of cancer cells. Results from this study show that osthole can not only induce cell death but also inhibit phosphorylation of FAK in human GBM cells. Results from this study show that incubating GBM cells with osthole reduces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression and cell motility, as assessed by cell transwell and wound healing assays. This study also provides evidence supporting the potential of osthole in reducing FAK activation, MMP-13 expression, and cell motility in human GBM cells.

In this randomised study, in patients with 4-10 brain metastases (BM), the standard treatment of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is compared to …

TY - JOUR. T1 - Stimulation of prolactin receptor induces STAT-5 phosphorylation and cellular invasion in glioblastoma multiforme. AU - Alkharusi, Amira. AU - Yu, Shengze. AU - Landázuri, Natalia. AU - Zadjali, Fahad. AU - Davodi, Belghis. AU - Nyström, Thomas. AU - Gräslund, Torbjörn. AU - Rahbar, Afsar. AU - Norstedt, Gunnar. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in humans and is characterized with poor outcome. In this study, we investigated components of prolactin (Prl) system in cell models of GBM and in histological tissue sections obtained from GBM patients. Expression of Prolactin receptor (PrlR) was detected at high levels in U251-MG, at low levels in U87-MG and barely detectable in U373 cell lines and in 66% of brain tumor tissues from 32 GBM patients by immunohistochemical technique. In addition, stimulation of U251-MG and U87-MG cells but not U373 with Prl resulted in increased STAT5 phosphorylation and only ...

Headline: Bitcoin & Blockchain Searches Exceed Trump! Blockchain Stocks Are Next!. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Market report focuses on the major drivers and restraints for the key players. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Market research report also provides granular analysis of the market share, segmentation, revenue forecasts and geographic regions of the market. Metolazone Market research report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Industry.. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV tumor that arises from astrocytes. It is the most common and aggressive human brain tumor, accounting for 15.4% of all primary brain tumors and 60-75% of all astrocytomas. It has a peak incidence between 55 and 84 years of age, with the median age of diagnosis being 64 years. In the US and EU, the annual incidence was estimated to be three to four cases per 100,000 people. GBM has a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, which is associated with poor ...

Background: Immunohistochemical markers are considered as important factors in diagnosis of malignant astrocytomas. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of the immunohistochemical markers neurofilament protein (NFP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in malignant astrocytoma tumors in Firoozgar and Rasool-Akram hospitals from 2005 to 2010. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, immunohistochemical analysis of NFP and GFAP was performed on 79 tissue samples of patients with the diagnosisof anaplastic and glioblastoma multiform (GBM) astrocytomas. Results: The obtained results demonstrated that all patients were positive for GFAP and only 3.8% were positive for NFP. There was no significant association between these markers and clinical, demographic, and prognostic features of patients (p|0.05). Conclusions: NFP was expressed only in GBMs and not in anaplastic astrocytomas. It would be crucial to confirm the present findings in a larger number of tumors,

Leptomeningeal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer: Survival and the impact of whole brain radiotherapy Academic Article ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Radiographic response of brain metastasis after linear accelerator radiosurgery. AU - Rahman, Maryam. AU - Cox, J. Bridger. AU - Chi, Yueh Yun. AU - Carter, Jamal H.. AU - Friedman, William A.. PY - 2012/4/1. Y1 - 2012/4/1. N2 - Background: Radiographic response of brain metastasis to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) over time has not been well characterized. Being able to predict SRS-induced changes in tumor size over time may allow improved counseling of patients and potentially earlier recognition of poor response to SRS. Objective: To quantify the rate of change in size of metastatic brain tumors after treatment with a linear accelerator (LINAC) SRS. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with single metastatic brain tumors treated with LINAC SRS at the University of Florida between 1992 and 2009 who had at least one MRI after treatment. A total of 218 patients with 406 follow-up MRI scans were included in the study. Tumor area was calculated by measuring ...

The DNA damage response (DDR) machinery becomes commonly activated in response to oncogenes and during early stages of development of solid malignancies, with an exception of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). The active DDR signaling evokes cell death or senescence but this anti-tumor barrier can be breached by defects in DDR factors, such as the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway, thereby allowing tumor progression. The DDR barrier is strongly activated in brain tumors, particularly gliomas, due to oxidative damage and replication stress. Here, we took advantage of rare human primary intracranial germ cell tumors (PIGCTs), to address the roles of cell-intrinsic factors including cell of origin, versus local tissue environment, in the constitutive DDR activation in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of 7 biomarkers on a series of 21 PIGCTs (germinomas and other subtypes), 20 normal brain specimens and 20 glioblastomas, revealed the following: i) The overall DDR signaling (γH2AX) and activation of the ...

The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. Background. Nearly all patients with malignant glioma will have disease recurrence. Our purpose was to define the treatment toxicity and efficacy of concurrent bevazicumab (BVZ) with hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of relatively larger targets for patients with recurrent MG. Methods. A retrospective review of 21 patients with recurrent malignant glioma (18 glioblastoma, 3 WHO grade III glioma), treated at initial diagnosis with surgery and standard chemoradiation, was performed. All patients had concurrent BVZ with hypofractionatedSRS, 30 Gy in 5 fractions, with or without concurrent chemotherapy (temozolomide or CCNU). Results. Median patient age was 54 years, median Karnofsky Performance Status was 80, and median target size was 4.3 cm (range, 3.4-7.5 cm). Eleven patients (52%) had previously failed BVZ. One patient had grade 3 toxicities (seizures, ...

PURPOSE Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare, diffuse involvement of the central nervous system by a malignant glioma that permeates the brain extensively without destroying the neural architecture and involves more than two lobes. In this study, we sought to assess the role of radiotherapy (RT) and identify prognostic factors in gliomatosis cerebri. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty patients who received RT at a single institution and had radiographic follow-up were retrospectively reviewed with respect to outcome, radiation parameters, extent of surgery, and chemotherapy. All cases were analyzed histologically and documented. All pathology slides and radiology images were reviewed. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 38.6 years (range 16-68). The median follow-up was 12.8 months (range 3-110). The mean radiation dose was 54.9 Gy, given in a mean of 28 fractions. Radiographic improvement or disease stabilization was achieved in 87% of patients. Clinical improvement was observed in 70%. The median time to

What is a Glioblastoma?. Brain tumors belong to a group of diverse tumors that affect the brain and spinal cord known as central nervous system neoplasms. A brain tumor is a mass of abnormal cells in the brain that have grown and multiplied in an uncontrolled fashion. Brain tumors that develop from various types of cells that make up the brain are called primary brain tumors. These types of brain tumors are usually localized (confined) to the brain itself and only rarely spread to other parts of the body. Metastatic brain tumors, also know as secondary brain tumors, originate from cancer cells in another part of the body (e.g., lung, breast) and spread to the brain through the bloodstream. The distinction between primary and secondary brain tumors is important from a clinical perspective because they are usually treated differently.. Approximately 50% of all primary brain tumors originate from specialized nerve cells in the brain called glial cells. Brain tumors that arise from glial cells are ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Targeting glioblastoma stem cells with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) potentiates radiation-induced unfolded protein response (UPR). AU - Shah, Sumedh S.. AU - Rodriguez, Gregor A.. AU - Musick, Alexis. AU - Walters, Winston M.. AU - de Cordoba, Nicolas. AU - Barbarite, Eric. AU - Marlow, Megan M.. AU - Marples, Brian. AU - Prince, Jeffrey S.. AU - Komotar, Ricardo J.. AU - Vanni, Steven. AU - Graham, Regina M.. PY - 2019/2/1. Y1 - 2019/2/1. N2 - Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, and despite optimized treatment options, median survival remains dismal. Contemporary evidence suggests disease recurrence results from expansion of a robustly radioresistant subset of GBM progenitor cells, termed GBM stem cells (GSCs). In this study, we utilized transmission electron microscopy to uncover ultrastructural effects on patient-derived GSC lines exposed to supratherapeutic radiotherapy levels. Elevated autophagosome formation and increased ...

Histopathologic grading of astrocytic tumors based on current WHO criteria offers a valuable but simplified representation of oncologic reality and is often insufficient to predict clinical outcome. In this study, we report a new astrocytic tumor microarray gene expression data set (n = 65). We have used a simple artificial neural network algorithm to address grading of human astrocytic tumors, derive specific transcriptional signatures from histopathologic subtypes of astrocytic tumors, and asses whether these molecular signatures define survival prognostic subclasses. Fifty-nine classifier genes were identified and found to fall within three distinct functional classes, that is, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and lower-grade astrocytic tumor discrimination. These gene classes were found to characterize three molecular tumor subtypes denoted ANGIO, INTER, and LOWER. Grading of samples using these subtypes agreed with prior histopathologic grading for both our data set (96.15%) and an ...

Glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, is characterized by highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. This contributes to glioblastoma resistance to standard treatment modalities and allows tumor growth and recurrence. Several immune-targeted approaches have been recently developed and are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation. Oncolytic viruses, including the autonomous protoparvovirus H-1 (H-1PV), show great promise as novel immunotherapeutic tools. In a first phase I/IIa clinical trial (ParvOryx01), H-1PV was safe and well tolerated when locally or systemically administered to recurrent glioblastoma patients. The virus was able to cross the blood-brain (tumor) barrier after intravenous infusion. Importantly, H-1PV treatment of glioblastoma patients was associated with immunogenic changes in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor infiltration with activated cytotoxic T cells, induction of cathepsin B and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression in

High levels of AGAT activity are common in adult brain tumors (12, 13, 14) and may be correlated with poor responses to alkylator-based chemotherapy and decreased time to treatment failure and death (12 , 15 , 16) . High levels of AGAT have also been observed in pediatric brain tumors, including gliomas, medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and ependymomas (13) . These observations may explain why nitrosourea-based chemotherapy has had little impact on survival in common pediatric brain tumors (17 , 18) . Therefore, a strategy to inactivate AGAT before administration of an aklyating agent is a logical pursuit for adult and pediatric central nervous system tumors.. We found that O6BG is rapidly eliminated with a half-life of 85 ± 140 min after i.v. administration. In contrast 8-oxo-O6BG, an active metabolite, appears rapidly in plasma after O6BG administration and has a prolonged half-life of approximately 6 h. In most patients, the combined concentrations of O6BG and 8-oxo-O6BG ...

Background: Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease, characterized by skin lesion and tubers in vital organs, especially brain in three categories including subependymal nodules, cortical tubers and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is an indolent neoplasm which usually arises at the cauda thalamic groove near foramen monro, although it occurs usually in the clinical settings of TSC, a few number of SEGA has been reported without such history. Its morphology with special cytoarchitecture could be mistaken with other glial brain tumors with similar morphology. Therefore, investigating new markers for differentiating SEGA from other mimickers seems logical rather than other glioneural immunohistochemical markers introduced before. Case: We investigated CD99 expression in SEGA as an adjunctive marker for diagnostic purposes. Five reported cases of SEGA were studied and all of them showed CD99 expression besides usual glioneural

The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the recurrence pattern in patients with recurrent malignant glioma after re-irradiation in combination with bevacizumab as there is limited data on how to optimally choose dose, fractionation and delineation margins. Thirty-one patients with recurrent malignant glioma treated with re-irradiation and bevacizumab after previous chemoradiotherapy (concurrent temozolomide 75 mg/m2/d according to the EORTC/NCIC trial) and [18 F]FET-PET and/or MRI confirmed recurrence were retrospectively analyzed. Bevacizumab was applied twice during fractionated re-irradiation (10 mg/kg, d1 + d15, median 36 Gy, conventionally fractionated). Recurrence patterns were assessed by means of [18 F]FET-PET and/or MRI. Median follow-up was 34.0 months for all patients [95%-CI, 27.7-40.3] and median post-recurrence survival 10.8 months [95%-CI, 9.2-12.4]. Concerning the recurrence patterns, 61.3% of these were located in-field (19 patients), 22.6% were marginal (7 patients) and 16.1%

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Presence of IDH1 mutation determines best treatment for malignant astrocytomas. Astrocytomas are the most common malignant brain tumors. While most patients tumors prove to be quite aggressive, outcomes overall can vary widely, with some patients surviving for many years. Now a new study has found that malignant astrocytoma patients whose tumors carry a specific genetic mutation benefit greatly from surgical removal of the largest possible amount of tumor. Preliminary results of the study were reported at the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting, and the teams full report appears in the January issue of the journal Neuro-Oncology. A type of glioma, astrocytomas include the highly aggressive glioblastoma and the less aggressive but still dangerous anaplastic astrocytoma.. We found that the benefit of surgery and how aggressively the surgery should be done depend, in large part, on whether or not patients tumors have the mutated form of the IDH1 gene, says Daniel Cahill, MD, ...

Project Description: Grade IV astrocytomas known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with a median survival rate of 15 months after diagnosis. Current methodologies for diagnosis include time-consuming histopathological reviews of biopsied brain tumor tissue to determine malignancy, which can delay early diagnosis and treatment. We propose to use microfluidics in combination with labeled magnetic beads to separate invasive glioma cells from other healthy neural tissue within a few hours. A strategy that combines rapid cell sorting with subsequent cell culture of a pure population of the patients glioma cells could not only speed up time to diagnosis, but also enhance personalized treatment. We hypothesize that incubating magnetic beads labeled with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (epCAM) antibody will allow for the selective separation of glioma cells from other neural tissue cell types from co-culture, as judged by recent evidence that glioma ...

Treating malignant glioma in Chinese patients: update on temozolomide Liang Chang,1 Jun Su,1 Xiuzhi Jia,2,3 Huan Ren2,3 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 2Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, 3Key Lab Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, People's Republic of China Abstract: Malignant glioma, ie, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor in the People's Republic of China, and is particularly aggressive. The median survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma is only 12–14 months despite advanced therapeutic strategies. Treatment of malignant glioma consists mainly of surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ), a second-generation oral alkylating agent, is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of malignant glioma in Chinese patients. Since the publication of a study by Stupp et al in 2005

Summary Joseph Torkildson, MD, is an expert in neuro-oncology, the treatment of central nervous system malignancies. He diagnoses and treats children with benign and malignant brain and spinal cord tumors. One of his major interests is identifying new treatment methods that can improve survival rates while reducing long-term complications often associated with current therapies. For example, he recently began collaborating with the Head Start Consortium: its conducting clinical studies to see if aggressive chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation can replace radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors in children. Compelling Fact Brain cancer and tumors are among the most common types of childhood cancers. Nearly one fourth of brain tumors in children are primitive neuroectodermal tumors. When these tumors arise in the cerebellum, they are called medulloblastomas. About 15 percent of childhood brain tumors are medulloblastomas, which are fast-growing tumors that spread along ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Gamma knife radiosurgery for large volume brain tumors. T2 - An analysis of acute and chronic toxicity. AU - Linzer, D.. AU - Ling, S. M.. AU - Villalobos, H.. AU - Raub, W.. AU - Wu, X.. AU - Ting, J.. AU - Berti, A.. AU - Landy, H.. AU - Markoe, A. M.. PY - 1998/11/2. Y1 - 1998/11/2. N2 - Gamma Knife radiosurgery is often used to treat intracranial tumors ,4 cm (approximately 13.5 cm3) in mean diameter. Larger lesions are rarely treated because of the expectation that increasing target volume will increase toxicity. We retrospectively analyzed 35 patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors of more than 13.5 cm3 treated with the Gamma Knife. Only 3 (8.5%) patients developed acute clinical toxicity. Nine (25%) patients developed post-Gamma Knife radionecrosis based on imaging studies, with only 3 of these patients (9% of the study population) having clinical progression of symptoms. Necrosis was not found to be related to prescribed dose, treatment volume or number of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Erratum to. T2 - Znf179 induces differentiation and growth arrest of human primary glioblastoma multiforme in a p53-dependent cell cycle pathway. AU - Lee, Kuen Haur. AU - Chen, Chi Long. AU - Lee, Yi Chao. AU - Kao, Tzu Jen. AU - Chen, Kai Yun. AU - Fang, Chih Yeu. AU - Chang, Wen Chang. AU - Chiang, Yung Hsaio. AU - Huang, Chi Chen. PY - 2018/12/1. Y1 - 2018/12/1. N2 - A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.. AB - A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052684131&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85052684131&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1038/s41598-018-30081-w. DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-30081-w. M3 - Comment/debate. C2 - 30177766. AN - SCOPUS:85052684131. VL - 8. SP - 13375. JO - ...