TY - JOUR. T1 - Plasma Metabolomic Profile of Human Brain-Dead Organ Donors. AU - Dhaygude, K.. AU - Suominen, T.. AU - Krebs, R.. AU - Joo, S.. AU - Rouvinen, E.. AU - Velagapudi, V.. AU - Holmström, E.. AU - Nykänen, A.. AU - Syrjälä, S.. AU - Lemström, K.. PY - 2020/4. Y1 - 2020/4. N2 - PURPOSE: Profound metabolic and molecular changes triggered by solid organ donor brain death may significantly affect posttransplant graft function. However, the effects of brain death on transplanted organs are poorly understood and no clinical biomarker or targeted therapy is available to predict or prevent primary or late graft dysfunction, respectively. This study elaborates the plasma metabolomic profile of human brain-dead organ donors. METHODS: We compared plasma samples from 119 human brain-dead multi-organ donors, taken immediately before organ procurement, to samples from 48 healthy volunteers. We employed targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to profile over ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Donor brain death reduces survival after transplantation in rat livers preserved for 20 hr. AU - Van der Hoeven, JAB. AU - Lindell, S. AU - Van Schilfgaarde, R. AU - Molema, G. AU - Ter Horst, GJ. AU - Southard, JH. AU - Ploeg, RJ. PY - 2001/11/27. Y1 - 2001/11/27. N2 - Background. Eighty percent of donor organs come from donors who have suffered brain trauma (brain-dead donors). This unphysiological state alters the hemodynamic and hormonal status of the organ donor. This can cause organ injury, which has been suggested to alter the immunological or inflammatory status of the organ after transplantation, and may lead to increased sensitivity of the organ to preservation/transplantation injury. In this study we asked the question: does brain death cause injury to the liver that decreases successful liver preservation?Methods. The rat liver transplant model was used to compare survival in rats receiving a liver from a brain-dead donor versus a non-brain-dead donor. Brain death was ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - EEG and brain death determination in children. AU - Alvarez, L. A.. AU - Moshé, S. L.. AU - Belman, A. L.. AU - Maytal, J.. AU - Resnick, T. J.. AU - Keilson, M.. PY - 1988/2. Y1 - 1988/2. N2 - In a retrospective study involving several medical centers we identified 52 patients under age 5 yeare who met the adult clinical criteria for brain death and had at least one EEG with electrocerebral silence. Of the 52 patients, 31 died spontaneously and 21 were disconnected from the respirator. Repeat EEGs were obtained in 28 patients, and in all electrocerebral silence persisted. The study suggests that clinical criteria similar to those used for adults in the determination of brain death can also be applied to children above age 3 months and that a single EEG with electrocerebral silence is sufficient to confirm brain death in this age group.. AB - In a retrospective study involving several medical centers we identified 52 patients under age 5 yeare who met the adult clinical criteria ...
The shortage of suitable donor hearts for cardiac transplantation is exacerbated by the exclusion of those that exhibit contractile malfunction during the period after brain death but before excision. We have replicated the phenomenon of brain death-induced hemodynamic deterioration in the rat in vivo. After 60 minutes of brain death (defined as the absence of electrical activity in the brain), a variety of indicators of cardiac contractile function fell by approximately 50% (thus cardiac index fell from 21 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 1 ml/min per 100 g body weight). However, once excised and perfused ex vivo, the hearts recovered a level of cardiac function that was identical to that from control animals that had not been subjected to brain death. Similarly, when hearts were excised, stored (6 hours at 4 degrees C), and reperfused ex vivo with blood, they also recovered a functional capability identical to that of normal hearts from animals that had not been subjected to brain death. Our results question ...
INTRODUCTION: Conventional apnea testing in patients with severe hypoxemia or hemodynamic instability with removal from the ventilator support is unsafe. We describe an alternative approach to apnea testing, which may be used in patients with hypoxia unable to undergo conventional apnea testing. METHODS: Case Report. A 42-year-old man had a severe traumatic brain injury resulting in diffuse cerebral edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage with herniation. His presentation was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure from pulmonary contusions and hemorrhagic shock. On hospital day 2, the patient lost brain stem reflexes. Brain death testing with conventional apnea testing was attempted but aborted due to hypoxia. RESULTS: A modified apnea test was applied, which had been approved by appropriate hospital committees including critical care operations, ethics, and the brain death protocol council. Minute ventilation was gradually decreased by | /=50% to attain a PaCo2 level | /=20 mm Hg above baseline. The
Looking for brain dead? Find out information about brain dead. irreversible cessation of respiration due to irreparable brain damage, even though the heart may continue beating with the aid of a mechanical ventilator:... Explanation of brain dead
BACKGROUND: Consistent difference in graft survival after renal transplantation has been shown when cadaveric transplants are compared to the living related donor situation, in favor of the latter. Recently, evidence has been put forward that brain death has significant effects on the donor organ quality. In this study, we aimed to assess the relation between brain death-induced hemodynamic instability in combination with the duration of brain death on the function and immunogenicity status of potential donor kidneys. METHODS: In Wistar rats, short-term (1 hour) or long-term (6 hours) brain death in the presence or absence of hemodynamic stability was applied. Sham-operated rats served as controls (1 hour and 6 hours). Organ function was studied by monitoring serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, and total protein content. Expression of cell adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)] and the influx of leukocytes in the
Almost fifty years since the concept of brain death was first introduced, some individuals and whole nations still struggle with its concept and justification. Many controversies continue to surround brain death, although there is broad consensus that human death is ultimately death of the brain. This crucially involves the irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness combined with the irreversible loss of the capacity to breathe since, taken together, these elements represent the most basic manner in which a human being can interact with their environment. Confusingly brain death is defined in two different ways based on whole brain and brainstem formulations, although the clinical determination of both is identical. It is not widely appreciated that death is a process, and this leads to misunderstanding by both the public and professionals; reports of brain dead patients being kept alive on a ventilator are familiar. Pragmatically, once a threshold of irreversibility in the dying
In view of the increasing need for organ transplants( possibly because of the greater ability of the surgeons and physicians to both execute the transplant, prevent a rejection, and/or diagnose the need to transplant) how could one minimize the Type I statistical error (the possibility that while the patient is not brain dead he is diagnosed as such) when testing for brain death?. It is a waste of resources to wait for metabolic death clinging to a life that cannot be saved thence omitting the duty to save people.. Nonetheless the duty to omit killing people actively/intently is even greater. This is exactly what we are doing when we remove the life support of someone in a chronic vegetative state( we will not go to jail only because at that time as medical standards mandate we wrongly assumed/believed they were brain dead, i.e We acted according to the medical standards but nonetheless came to a wrong conclusion/diagnosis).. Being a layman( I studied(partialy, uncomplete course) medicine ...
While the concept of brain death is widely accepted, no universal criteria exist for its determination. This study compared guidelines from 80 countries finding that all standards specified exclusion of confounders, irreversible coma, absent motor response, and lack of brain-stem reflexes (see Wijdicks, The Diagnosis of Brain Death for more information). The majority of countries had medical practice standards (88%), legal standards (69%), utilized some form of apnea testing (59%), and required more than one physicians declaration (50%). Specifics varied widely on the qualifications of the physician, methods of apnea testing, and observation time before pronouncement of death. Regional differences were also noted, such as mandatory laboratory tests in Europe and Asia. Within the United States, brain death determination has been left to each state to decide (44 states and the District of Columbia have guidelines) whereas most African countries do not. Even if guidelines are not standardized, ...
TY - GEN. T1 - The influence of donor heart retransplantation and brain death on intramyocardial electrograms. AU - Grasser, B.. AU - Iberer, F.. AU - Schreier, G.. AU - Kastner, P.. AU - Schaffellner, S.. AU - Hipmair, G.. AU - Prenner, G.. AU - Wasler, A.. AU - Petutschnigg, B.. AU - Müller, H.. AU - Hutten, Helmut. AU - Schaldach, M.. AU - Tscheliessnigg, K.-H.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. M3 - Conference contribution. SP - 24. EP - 24. BT - Giornalo Italiano di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione, VIII International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. PB - .. ER - ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Effect of acute brain death on release of atrium and B-type natriuretic peptides in an animal model. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Conventional cerebral angiography has long been considered the gold standard as a confirmatory test in assessing intracranial blood flow in brain death determin
To address the urgent and growing problems of organ sales, transplant tourism and trafficking in organ donors in the context of the global shortage of organs, a Summit Meeting of more than 150 representatives of scientific and medical bodies from around the world, government officials, social scientists, and ethicists, was held in Istanbul from April 30 to May 2, 2008.
This guest post is part of The Bioethics Programs Online Symposium on the Munoz and McMath cases. To see all symposium contributions, click here. by James Zisfein, M.D. Chief, Division of Neurology, and Chair, Ethics Committee, Lincoln Medical Center Is the objection to determination of brain death by Jahi McMaths parents based on religious principle,…
ANOTHER BRAIN DEATH MISDIAGNOSIS: A 19 year-old woman in Denmark was pronounced brain dead and her parents consented to having her organs donated. The respirator was removed. She didnt die. She is now undergoing rehab and may make a full recovery.. Think this is a one-off? Its not, as I explore in my book, The Law of Life & Death (Harvard 2011) [shameless plug, I know, but its relevant!]. As with the vegetative state, misdiagnosis is more common than the medical community admits-exactly how common is not known. There is far more about the human brain that medical science just does not presently know. For this reason, after researching my book, I am not an organ donor.. ...
In an era where we are becoming more reliant on vulnerable kidneys for transplantation from older donors, there is an urgent need to understand how brain death leads to kidney dysfunction and, hence, how this can be prevented. Using a rodent model of hemorrhagic stroke and next-generation proteomic and metabolomic technologies, we aimed to delineate which key cellular processes are perturbed in the kidney after brain death. Pathway analysis of the proteomic signature of kidneys from brain-dead donors revealed large-scale changes in mitochondrial proteins that were associated with altered mitochondrial activity and morphological evidence of mitochondrial injury. We identified an increase in a number of glycolytic proteins and lactate production, suggesting a shift toward anaerobic metabolism. Higher amounts of succinate were found in the brain death group, in conjunction with increased markers of oxidative stress. We characterized the responsiveness of hypoxia inducible factors and found this correlated
Dimitri Novitzky ,. Introduction 31. Histological Changes 35. Endocrine Changes 38. The Impact of Brain Death on the Hemodynamic and Metabolic Functions, the Role of Hormonal Replacement 39. Hormonal Therapy in the Brain Dead Organ Donors 43. Discussion 43. Was this article helpful?. ...
Twenty-eight participants returned the questionnaire (85%). Every country has either specific law (93%) or guidelines issued by the scientific society (89%). Clinical examination, essential to the diagnosis, is the only requirement in 50% of countries. Coma, apnea, absence of corneal and cough reflexes are always necessary. Blood pressure and electrolytes are checked in 64% as mandatory prerequisites. The apnea test is legally defined in 86% of countries. Eighty-two percent of countries require achievement of a target paCO2 level while the Netherlands law states target apnea duration. Number of physicians (median 2, range 1 to 4), number of clinical examinations (median 2, 1 to 3), and minimum observation time (median 3 hours, 0 to 12) are variable requisites in different countries. In 50% of nations, additional tests are required. Hypothermia (4%), anoxic injury (7%), inability to complete clinical examination (61%), toxic drug levels (57%), and inconclusive apnea test (54%) are legal ...
An arterial blood gas and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) were measured at baseline and hemodynamic monitoring and pulse oximetry were monitored throughout. Using the formula: PaCO2 of 10 mmHg = pH of 0.8, it was predicted what EtCO2 was required to achieve a PaCO2 sufficient to cause a pH 7.20. A gas mixture of 3% CO2:97% O2 was then administered through the ventilator adjusting an IMV rate of 2-4 according to the rise in EtCO2. Once the predicted EtCO2 was reached, an blood gas was repeated. The PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient was also calculated pre and post testing. Respiratory movements were monitored by both the respiratory flow loops and by direct visualization by a physician. ...
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2. Meaning of brain death. Brain stem death, determined by clinical examination with or without instrumental confirmation, should remain the mainstay of death definition. Brain function is not insufficient, it must be accompanied by evidence of irreversibility the author and planners have no... Be reversed of patients with acute severe brain injury, synonyms and more of death! Will not regain consciousness or be able to breathe without support is brain dead may appear be! Developed in many countries in the world and physicians usually work through a set of.! And more may appear to be resting developed in many countries in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions on... Researchers have sought a universal definition of brain death is total, irreversible cessation of function. Dead is legally confirmed as dead of life-its inevitable end minority of patients with acute brain! Means they will not return inevitable end breathe without support comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on web. ...
Deceased donor (brain dead, cadaveric) transplant:. This kind of transplant involves taking liver from a person who is brain dead. The persons family must first give consent if organs are to be used for transplantation. This type of transplant requires waiting on a list until a suitable liver is available.. Brain death is sudden death following a road traffic accident or a brain haemorrhage, with irreversible brain damage that is not compatible with life. Brain dead patients may be artificially maintained on a ventilator and supportive medicines for a short duration, and may be able to donate their livers for transplantation, if their family so desires.. Living donor transplant:. This type of transplant occurs when a living person wishes to donate his liver to someone in need. Living donors are usually family members or spouses. All living donors must meet basic medical criteria and undergo a very thorough medical evaluation before being accepted as a suitable donor.. Human organ transplant act ...
Brain death as the modern medical criterion of death while a welcoming development for the twin purposes of saving medical cost and serving the demand for organ procurement is still a controversial subject in the field of Bioethics. The reason is that its scientific credibility in terms of conclusiveness of the termination of life of the whole body system is far from settled. Similarly, its compatibility with Islamic notion of death and its unique metaphysical criterion of the separation of the soul from human body is a debatable topic among the Muslim legists. In the Muslim debate what concerns us is the question of equating brain death to legal death. The most central issue during the juristic discourse was as to whether brain death is a definitive indicator that the soul has left the body. The answer was divergent but with minimum discourse on both theological and scientific dimensions of the issue. Accordingly, this paper argues that interrogating the issue from scientific dimension would ...
Graphic long sleeve t-shirt. Logo Head purple front graphic. Back Brain Dead Research graphic. Brain Dead Assisted Living™Product Information: Product Code: BDS20T01001075WH03 Color: Cement Material: Cotton Model Specifications: Height: 58 / Top: Medium / Bottoms: Medium Styled with:
Brain Dead 13 is an Interactive movie game produced by ReadySoft that was released for MS-DOS in 1995 and later ported to consoles in 1996. Unlike Dragons Lair and Space Ace, which began as laserdiscs, it was released for PCs and game consoles only. On October 8, 2010, Brain Dead 13 was ported to the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch via the App Store, and later upgraded to Version 1.1 on December 1, which added support for iOS 3.0 and 4.2 and fixed various bugs. Lance, a young computer expert, is called to fix a computer at a scary, dilapidated castle. After repairing a large super-computer, Lance learns that his client, the disembodied brain of Dr. Nero Neurosis, has a diabolical plan to take over the world. He quickly finds himself in trouble, being chased around the castle by Dr. Nero Neurosiss psychotic servant Fritz. The player must guide Lance through the castle in order to defeat Dr. Neurosis and escape with his life. The game consists entirely of quick time events. During gameplay ...
Brain Dead Slime Starch DIY : Homemade Halloween Slime with No Borax, how to make brain dead slime for Halloween games, awesome DIY slime recipe tutorial
Brain Death is not death September 11, 2008 In a recent edition of her e-newsletter update, Julie Grimstad, executive director of Life is Worth Living, Inc., a pro-life lay apostolate, discusses a recent medical journal article that was originally brought to our attention by LifeSiteNews.com. A person is considered brain-dead when he or she no longer has any neurological activity in the brain or brain stem - meaning no electrical impulses are being sent between brain cells. What this means is that the reticular activating system -the diffuse network of nerve connecting the spinal cord and brain-has been irreversibly damaged. Confusingly brain death is defined in two different ways based on whole brain and brainstem formulations, although the clinical determination of both is identical. A person who is brain dead cannot blink, flinch or try to move away if the doctor touches their eye with a fuzzy piece of cotton. Brain death is the complete loss of brain function (including involuntary ...
Ive been meaning to post on this subject for a few weeks now. Abortion politics has bleed over into end of life decisions, clouding the issue of what life is or isnt as established by science and medical practice.. There is a medical phrase which communicates when a human body no longer has the capability of generating human consciousness. That phrase is brain death. Experiencing brain death is to cease to exist even though the physical form is still present. It doesnt even take brain death to alter a person into someone else, as numerous articles on the subject have discussed, and destroying someones brain in order to control them or alter them is rightly considered a crime unless engaged in for reasons of justice or life-saving intervention. Should even those instances be outlawed, because they kill a person, creating a new person? The brain is the seat of consciousness, the basis upon which human life is generated.. As Arthur Caplan discusses with Lindsay Beyerstein on Point of Inquiry, ...
Deceased donor (brain dead donor). Its the most common source of liver. Brain death is usually due to a large stroke or massive trauma to the head from blunt injury (impact to the head from accident) or penetrating injury (a gun shot wound). The trauma has stopped all brain function although other organs including the liver may continue to function normally. We can get liver only if the family of patient wishes to donate the persons organs before discontinuing life support.. Deceased donor (heart dead donor). Sometimes a patient suffers a serious brain injury and carries a poor neurological outcome but fails to meet the strict criteria defining brain death in that there is still detectible brain function. In these circumstances, the patients family may decide to withdraw life-sustaining medical support with the intention of allowing the patient to die. In this scenario, death is not defined by brain death but rather cardiac death. An urgent operation is then performed to preserve and remove ...
The Organ Donation Taskforce recommended that potential organ donors should be identified in the ED and embedded specialist nurses employed to facilitate organ donation from these donors.1. The process of organ donation has traditionally been seen as the remit of the critical care complex and neurosurgical intensive care unit as the majority of organs were donated by patients deemed brainstem dead on formal neurological testing (heart beating donors now classified as donor after brain death; DBD). However, the use of kidneys from non-heart-beating donors (now classified as donor after cardiac death; DCD) has increased from 3% in 2000 to 34% by September 2010.7. Moreover, recent research suggests that recipient outcome after transplantation of kidneys from DCD is good compared with kidneys donated by DBD, although further studies are indicated.8 9. To date, no formal brainstem testing of potential donors is undertaken in our ED, mainly due to the fact that many intubated ED patients have been ...
Working through these tests rules out if there are other causes of the coma.. For a person to be declared brain dead they must not show any response to each and every one of these tests.. Some Patients may not be able to have all of these tests performed, depending on the nature of the injuries sustained. Spinal injuries, eye or facial injuries mean that nerves cannot be adequately tested. Special x-rays such as CTs or MRIs are done to check if there is any blood flow to the brain. The Patients time of death will be recorded at the time brain death was confirmed.. Why does your loved one still appear alive? During this time in Intensive Care, while your loved one is kept alive by the equipment in Intensive Care he or she will be warm and pink and their chest will be moving.. After brain death has been confirmed your loved one will remain connected to the ventilator until decided when ventilation is to be discontinued. Your loved one will have a heart beat as it has a natural pacemaker that ...
Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kayseri, Turkey We investigated the value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) examinations of intracranial arteries as a diagnostic test for the confirmation of brain death. Twenty nine patients with intracranial hypertension who subsequently developed brain death according to clinical criteria were evaluated by TCD ultrasonography during a 16-month period. Typical TCD findings in the arteries of brain-dead patients consisted of either absent or reversed diastolic flow or small early systolic spikes in at least 2 intracranial arteries. This waveform abnormality was found in 26 (89.7 %) of the 29 patients confirmed to be brain dead by clinical criteria, and was absent in 3 (10.3 %). This abnormality does not appear in other patients with coma. All patients with waveform abnormality in TCD examination died. TCD, a practical, noninvasive, early and reliable method for the confirmation of brain death, can be a rapid and convenient ...
You searched for: Genre Official reports Remove constraint Genre: Official reports Language English Remove constraint Language: English Subject Brain Death Remove constraint Subject: Brain Death Subject Tissue and Organ Procurement Remove constraint Subject: Tissue and Organ Procurement ...
Year on year with improvement in road safety and improvement in neurosurgery the number of ideal young brain dead donors have been declining whilst the number of more marginal donors have been increasing. The consequence of this is the number of heart transplants being performed have steadily declined.. At present there are 600 hearts from brain dead donors offered for transplant every year in the United Kingdom (UK). Of these 200 have anatomical reasons why they cannot be used for transplant such as ischaemic heart disease. 100 are transplanted and the remaining 300 hearts are judged to have inferior function which probably occurs as a direct result of brain death (Dark).. Ex vivo rig testing has been developed for lungs that were judged unsuitable for transplantation. As a result several donor lungs have been improved by warm perfusion on the rig to the extent that they became suitable for transplantation and so national lung transplant rates are increasing (Dark). The aim would be to ...
Since the body of a brain dead person can still have a heartbeat, can still produce urine, and can still accomplish oxygen exchange with the help of a breathing machine, those who have not dealt with brain death may conclude that at least a part of the patient is still alive and perhaps the other parts are on the mend ...
Usher (Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)Ushers in the headlines again, but this time not for his messy divorce with Tameka Foster. Hes actually helping Foster, whose 11-year-old son Kyle (called Kile by some reports) was in an accident on Atlantas Lake Lanier at about 3:25 p.m. ET Friday that left him brain dead. Ushers stepson was one of two kids sitting in an inner tube being pulled by a boat that were hit by family friend Jeffrey S. Hubbard, 38, on a Jet Ski, according to MTV News. After being struck in the head and knocked unconscious, Glover was pulled from the water by a bystander. Both victims were flown to Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, where, according to TMZ, the boy did not have any brain activity when he arrived at the hospital and is still on life support. Brain death, USA Today reports, occurs when all brain activity has stopped permanently, the person is in a coma, and the person is no longer breathing. The girls injuries are serious. Alcohol was not a ...
George Pickerings heart was certainly turned to his son. May all fathers defend their children like this man did. I doubt he ever intended to use that gun against anyone and gave it to his other son long before the standoff ended, but he gained enough time to save his sons life. May God use his sacrifice to save many others. There isnt a single person declared brain dead who isnt alive. Jahi is alive even though California has considered her dead for TWO YEARS! Who are they kidding ...
You searched for: Exhibit Tags conceptn Remove constraint Exhibit Tags: conceptn Genre Articles Remove constraint Genre: Articles Language English Remove constraint Language: English Subject Brain Death Remove constraint Subject: Brain Death Subject Organ Transplantation Remove constraint Subject: Organ Transplantation ...
Brain Death Committee performed the first brain death exam and confirmatory apnea test. The girl was brain dead. The family was consoled. What brain death really means (the brain is dead, there is no longer any blood flow to the brain, she can never get better because brain death is different from coma) was compassionately explained to the family.. Bhavna Jagwani and Dilip Jain of MFJCF then joined Kamlesh Verma, the SMS Transplant Coordinator, to speak with the family about the notion of organ donation. As is usual with such sensitive and intense discussions, the decision to consent to organ donation by the entire family took several hours. But they said yes. They said yes we consent to donating life saving organs from our deceased daughter in order to save the lives of others even at a time of extreme emotional duress. This decision continuously impresses on me the miraculous kindness and Daan of the Indian people and donor families all over the world.. We started organizing the immunologic ...
The below are quotes from the article Are You Sure He is Dead?: Doctors Struggle with Families Lack of Understanding of HOTA featured on 5 May 2019 at https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/human-organ-transplant-act-doctors-families-understanding-11459284 with notes on them.. Singaporeans and Permanent Residents aged 21 and above are deemed donors, unless they chose to opt out. It allows for their heart, kidneys, liver and corneas to be harvested for transplantation when they are declared brain dead.. Note 1: If choosing to opting out, use this form: https://www.moh.gov.sg/policies-and-legislation/human-organ-transplant-act. They [i.e. family members] either cannot come to terms with the death of the family member or doubt that their family member is really brain dead.. Note 2: There is no worldwide agreement on what brain death really is, and that being brain dead is being completely dead. This 3 Jan 2019 article shows that the definition of brain death is not even agreed upon ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Beyond the Apnea Test. T2 - An Argument to Broaden the Requirement for Consent to the Entire Brain Death Evaluation. AU - Paquette, Erin. AU - Frader, Joel E. AU - Shah, Seema. AU - C. Tasker, Robert. AU - Truog, Robert. PY - 2020/6/2. Y1 - 2020/6/2. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085285617&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85085285617&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1080/15265161.2020.1754523. DO - 10.1080/15265161.2020.1754523. M3 - Comment/debate. C2 - 32441597. AN - SCOPUS:85085285617. VL - 20. SP - 17. EP - 19. JO - American Journal of Bioethics. JF - American Journal of Bioethics. SN - 1526-5161. IS - 6. ER - ...
Brain-dead donor organ transplantation has been available to children in Japan since the 2010 revision of the Organ Transplant Law. Of the 50-60 brain-dead donor organ transplants performed annually in Japan, however, very few (0-4 per year) are performed in children. Again, while those receiving liver, heart, and kidney transplants are reported to fare better than their counterparts in the rest of the world, organ shortage is becoming a matter of great concern. Very few organs become available from brain-dead donors or are transplanted to adults if made available at all, with some children dying while on the brain-dead organ waiting list. Against this background, living-donor transplants, split-liver transplants, domino transplants, and hepatocyte transplants represent alternative modalities, each of which is shown to be associated with favorable outcomes. Challenges exist, include streamlining the existing framework for promoting organ donation for children and between children.
AIM: Increased intracranial pressure following trauma and subsequent possible development of brain death are important factors for morbidity and mortality due to ischemic changes. We aimed to establish the role of ischemic modified albumin (IMA) in the early diagnosis of the process, starting with increased intracranial pressure and ending with brain death. ...
The medical and legal aspects of determining brain death have evolved over the past 3 decades. The need for special criteria for the determination of brain death in infants and children was clear as early as 1967, when the first US committee met to form a consensus opinion.
Unfortunately, the cause of brain death is indeterminant. It can result from a number of actions, including force trauma to the head (but also diseases, which dont really effect zombies). In all of my research (which does expand beyond Wikipedia), I couldnt find the minimum amount of damage necessary to cause brain death, and all of these results were human-based, as zombie research is seriously underfunded ...
Looking for online definition of apnea test in the Medical Dictionary? apnea test explanation free. What is apnea test? Meaning of apnea test medical term. What does apnea test mean?
Brain stem death is when a person no longer has any brain stem functions, and has permanently lost the potential for consciousness and the capacity to breathe. Brain stem death is a complex state of inactivity defined by the loss of reflexes of the pathways that pass through the brain stem, the shaft of the brain which links the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum where there is apnoea, loss of eye movement and pain sensation. The injury can cause a person to be dazed, confused, and disoriented. Also, there are some legal and ethical implications that have to be considered in cases of disagreement in diagnosis among the panel of doctors, time of death in cases when patients relatives disagree or request more time for organ donation or to disconnect the life support system. The concept of total brain death as an alternative to the older definition of irreversible circulatory-respiratory failure was first introduced in a 1968 report authored by a special committee of the ...
This report describes a case of brain death (BD) evaluated by 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). A 16-year-old boy with a history of rapid unexpected brain herniation due to pilocytic astrocytoma underwent 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT/CT for evaluation of brain death in the context of organ donation. Flow images demonstrated lack of blood flow to the brain, and delayed images showed absence of demonstrable radionuclide activity within the brain. SPECT/CT confirmed absence of tracer accumulation, and was deemed helpful for evaluation of the brain stem. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT/CT is a valuable tool enabling imaging-based confirmation of BD. ...
University of Maryland School of Medicine Background: A full facial procurement should allow concurrent procurement of all solid organs and ensure their integrity. Procurement of facial vascularized composite allografts (VCA) challenges the surgical teams with complex defects potentially requiring far greater time than solid organ procurement. Simultaneous-start procurement in these cases could entail cold ischemia times over 12 hours, risking post-reperfusion bleeding and reperfusion injury.. Methods: A VCA including all facial skin, mimetic muscles, multiple sensory and motor nerve branches, anterior tongue, and maxillary and mandibular segments was procured from a brain dead donor. Solid organ recovery included heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Bedside tracheostomy and facial mask impression were performed the day before procurement.. Results: Facial VCA dissection time was 12 hours, spaced over a 15 hour period to diminish ischemia while the recipient was being prepared (Fig 1). ...
Analysis of brain samples obtained postmortem remains a standard approach in neuroscience, despite often being suboptimal for inferring roles of small molecules in the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Sample collection and preservation further hinders conclusive interpretation of biomarker analysis in autopsy samples. We investigate purely death-induced changes affecting rat hippocampus in the first hour of postmortem interval (PMI) by means of untargeted liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The unique possibility of sampling the same brain area of each animal both in vivo and postmortem was enabled by employing solid phase microextraction (SPME) probes. Four millimeter probes coated with mixed mode extraction phase were used to sample awake, freely roaming animals, with 2 more sampling events performed after death. Significant changes in brain neurochemistry were found to occur as soon as 30 min after death, further progressing with increasing PMI, evidenced by ...
OAKLAND, Calif. - Legal counsel for a California hospital and the family of a 13-year-old girl declared brain dead after sleep apnea surgery began discussing the possibility of moving her to another facility, after a judge laid out the conditions for such a transfer.. The judge said Friday that the mother of the child may remove her from an Oakland hospital if she assumes full responsibility for the consequences.. Later Friday, lawyers for Childrens Hospital Oakland and the mother of Jahi McMath emerged from a settlement conference with a federal magistrate offering few details about the daylong talks that followed the developments in state court. But Christopher Dolan, who represents Jahis mother, said he was pleased with the progress that was made.. Today has been about clarity. Its been about knowing exactly what path we have to walk down, what doors are now open, and what obstacles have been removed, Dolan said. We know how to get from here to where we want to be, which is Jahi in ...
BUENOS AIRES, Argentina - Terminally ill patients and their families would have more power to decide how they die in Argentina under a
UPDATE! Former world champion boxer Hector Camacho is now brain dead after suffering cardiac arrest, following a gun shot wound to the face on Nov. 20 -- so sad. Hector Macho Camacho was tragically shot in the face on Tuesday Nov. 20 while sitting in a car outside the Puerto Rican capital.
A Little Miami High School football player injured in a crash last weekend has been pronounced brain dead. The school district said in a release to students and parents Friday that Brayden Thornbury, 17, had been found to have no brain activity at Miami Valley Hospital.
PHILIP MORRIS SHRAGA-FIVEL ROTHBERG Temple University (Deborah Augsburger).. Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko. Brain Death and Organ Transplantation. Current Anthropology June, 1994 Vol 35(3):233-254. This article explores cross-cultural approaches on organ transplantation and the moral implications involved in the process. Japan is the cultural opposite to Western societies like the United States and the United Kingdom regarding cultural definitions of brain death. Ohnuki-Tierney explores the differences in the cultural definitions of brain death to create a viewpoint for the reader to understand both societies. Brain death is a legal term used by doctors throughout the Western world to justify the harvesting of organs from vegetative patients. Ohnuki-Tierney reveals that in many dying patients, a persons brain will shut down before the body does. The body is still warm and the heart is still beating (235). It is shocking to learn about the reality of brain death, but Tierneys description and ...
Friday 24 October 2014. OTA congratulates St Vincents Hospital Sydney on Australias first Donation after Circulatory Death heart transplant. The Organ and Tissue Authority acknowledges and congratulates the team at St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, on performing a world first in organ donation and transplantation history.. The St Vincents Hospitals Heart Transplant Unit recently performed Australias first heart transplant surgeries with two people with end-stage heart failure receiving heart transplants from donors after circulatory death (DCD). Until now, transplant units have relied solely on donated hearts from brain death patients. Both heart transplant recipients have recovered extremely well.. The DCD heart transplants were carried out following pioneering basic and translational research undertaken by the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and St Vincents Hospital. This surgery is the culmination of an extensive research project undertaken by Professor Peter MacDonald, Medical ...
Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD) is an alternative to Donation after Brain Death (DBD), and is a growing strategy for organ procurement in the United States (US). The purpose of this analysis was to review the number and quality of hearts in one United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Region that were not utilized as a potential consequence of non-heart DCD donation. We retrospectively identified all successful US DCD solid organ donors from 1/2011 - 3/1/2017, defined an ideal heart donor by age and left ventricular ejection fraction, and then reviewed the donor charts of unused hearts in New York and Vermont (UNOS Region 9). Of 8302 successful DCD donors across the US, 5033 (61%) were between 18-49 years of age, 872 had a screening echocardiogram, with 573 (66%) measuring an EF | 50%. Of these 573 potential donors, 44 (7.7%) were from Region 9. Detailed donor chart review identified 36 ideal heart donors, 24 (66.7%) with anoxic brain injury. Trends in Region 9 DCD donation increased from 4 unused
There are at least five ongoing US court cases involving brain death.  They can be grouped into three categories: Is Family Consent Required...
Bioquark Inc. and Revita Life Sciences Receive IRB Approval for First-In-Human Brain Death Study Bioquark, Inc., (http://www.bioquark.com) a company focused on the development of novel biologics fo...
Overweight Prom Queen Candidate Loses Crown! Housewife Keeps Severed Head On Cake Plate! Bambi Goes Haywire in Forest With Uzi! To the expiring mind of a modern American woman, life can read like a tabloid headline. Six Women With Brain Death is a wild and very left-of-center view of the world from an entirely feminine standpoint.. In a series of bizarre but hysterical songs and sketches, the authors explore TV soap operas, genuine press-on nails, Barbie and Kens secret fantasy life, divas, a unique and new way of recycling, and what is and is not feminine - with an unforgettable detour through a forest where Bambi meets Rambo. ...
The Lazarus sign or Lazarus reflex is a reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients, which causes them to briefly raise their arms and drop them crossed on their chests (in a position similar to some Egyptian mummies). The phenomenon is named after the Biblical figure Lazarus of Bethany, whom Jesus raised from the dead in the Gospel of John. Like the knee jerk reflex, the Lazarus sign is an example of a reflex mediated by a reflex arc-a neural pathway which passes via the spinal column but not through the brain. As a consequence, the movement is possible in brain-dead patients whose organs have been kept functioning by life-support machines, precluding the use of complex involuntary motions as a test for brain activity. It has been suggested by neurologists studying the phenomenon that increased awareness of this and similar reflexes may prevent delays in brain-dead diagnosis and misinterpretations. The reflex is often preceded by slight shivering motions of the patients arms, ...
Purpose: Scarcity of donor organs in liver transplantation (LT) has necessitated consideration of donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors. Complications following LT and disease recurrence are common causes of graft failure, necessitating consideration of liver re-transplantation (re-LT). However, re-LT remains controversial due to inferior outcomes compared to primary LT. There is very limited data regarding the role of DCD grafts in tre-LT. Our aim was to compare the outcome of patients undergoing liver re-LT using DCD with donation after brain death (DBD) grafts and determine predictors of outcome.. *Methods: Using data from SRTR, a retrospective cohort was constructed of recipients who underwent liver re-LT over a 15 year period (Jan 2005 - Aug 2019). Those undergoing DCD re-LT were compared to DBD re-LT. Simultaneous liver-kidney recipients were excluded. Primary outcome measures evaluated were graft and patient survival. Graft failure was defined as the earlier of re-LT or death. ...
Jahi McMath, the Oakland teenager who was declared brain-dead after a tonsillectomy, was quietly released to her family Sunday night, two days before the expiration of a court order preventing Childrens Hospital Oakland from disconnecting her from a ventilator. In a statement, Dr. David Durand, the hospitals chief of pediatrics, said the hospital had released Jahis body to the Alameda County coroner, which in turn released the body to the custody of Jahis mother, Nailah Winkfield, per court order, for a destination unknown. At a news conference Sunday night, Omari Sealey, the girls uncle, and family attorney Christopher Dolan declined to say where the girl was being taken, citing privacy and security concerns. Jahi, 13, had been at Childrens Hospital Oakland since Dec. 9, when she went in for surgery on her tonsils, adenoids, uvula and palate tissue to treat sleep apnea. After surgery she suffered cardiac arrest, her family said, and two doctors pronounced her brain-dead, meaning that her
Posted on 12/30/2013 8:55:21 AM PST by Morgana. FULL TITLE: Jahi McMath: Mom and lawyer say only remaining option for brain-dead girl is a New York care facility OAKLAND -- A Los Angeles-area long-term care facility that had been willing to accept Jahi McMath has withdrawn its offer, leaving a New York hospital as the only apparent option for the brain-dead girl as a 5 p.m. Monday deadline to remove her from a ventilator approaches, her mother and attorney said Sunday. I just found out that the facility my daughter was supposed to be going to has backed out, Jahis mother, Nailah Winkfield, wrote on the familys fundraising website early Sunday. My family and I are still striving to find a location that will accept her in her current condition. That leaves an unnamed New York hospital as our last, last hope, Jahis lawyer, Christopher Dolan, said. The facility is run by an organization that believes in life, Dolan told The Associated Press. But in a statement issued Sunday, a spokeswoman ...
Gharavi, M and Taghai Gilani, M and Razavi, M (2007) Comparision of Recovery Time and Complications in General Anesthesia with Remifentanyl and Propofol and Topical Anesthesia with Conscious Sedation in Non �complicated Cataract Phaco Surgery. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 50 (4). pp. 433-438. Gharavi, M and Zabihian, S (2007) Evaluation of Apnea Test in Brain-Dead Patients. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 50 (3). pp. 295-300. ...
Video created by University of Cape Town for the course Organ Donation: From Death to Life . Welcome to the first week of Organ Donation - From Death to Life. In our first lesson we cover the two absolute prerequisites for deceased organ ...
A Home Sleep Apnea Test (HSAT) is a test that uses a small portable sleep recorder to be worn overnight while you sleep in the comfort of your own home. The portable home sleep recorder will record your oxygen levels, your breathing, your heart rate, chest movements and show if you were snoring and what position you slept in. The results of an overnight Home Sleep Apnea Test will be interpreted by a board-certified sleep physician to diagnose sleep apnea.. ...
Apnea Test on ECMO can be challenging for several reasons. This report provides good information on how to accomplish the Apnea test on ECMO successfully.
All four branches of Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionalist) support and encourage donation. According to Orthodox Rabbi Moses Tendler, Chairman of the Biology Department of Yeshiva University in New York City and Chairman of the Bioethics Commission of the Rabbinical Council of America, If one is in the position to donate an organ to save anothers life, its obligatory to do so, even if the donor never knows who the beneficiary will be. The basic principle of Jewish ethics - the infinite worth of the human being - also includes donation of corneas, since eyesight restoration is considered a life-saving operation. In 1991, the Rabbinical Council of America (Orthodox) approved organ donation as permissible, and even required, from brain-dead patients. The Reform movement looks upon the transplant program favorably and Rabbi Richard Address, Director of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations Bio-Ethics Committee and Committee on Older Adults, states that Judaic ...
The above-mentioned three articles were published with incorrect issue information. These articles have now been corrected to show the correct issue information.The above-mentioned three articles were published with incorrect issue information. These articles have now been corrected to show the correct issue information ...
Disparity exists in the literature with regards to the beneficial effects of prednisolone administration to the donor on the outcomes of solid organ transplantation. Multiple large randomized control trials (RCT) have evaluated the effects on steroid administration on the outcomes of lung, kidney and liver transplant [35-37]. In a RCT, Bonser et al. evaluated the effects of 1g of methylprednisolone administration to BD organ donors 7 hours prior to lung explantation, demonstrating no effect on increasing lung yields [29]. Others in the realms of kidney transplantation have also failed to detect a significant improvement in the kidney survival at three months when 5g of methylprednisolone is administered to donors 2-4 hours prior to explantation. The only clinical trial to suggest a positive outcome was performed by Kotsch et al. demonstrating a significant effect on down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced incidence of acute rejection [28]. In contrast, an Austrian study failed ...
The Satmar Bikur Cholim director says that the policy change had to do with our advocacy in the hospital. Because were very big in patient care management and advocacy, the hospital did not like that were watching them so closely. NYU Hospitals policies have changed and have become more difficult for the Jewish community.. Our advocacy has gotten more intense, she said. Were very much pro-life and life being respected. Currently the hospital has initiated hospice and end-of-life care which goes against our communitys halachic perspective. It comes up very often, weekly and sometimes daily where people call us with feeding tube issues or ventilator care.. Although halacha, or Jewish law, is complex when it comes to end-of-life issues, it essentially includes the premise that as long as the heart continues beating, a patient is considered alive. That brings Jewish law into conflict with medical professionals who want to remove brain-dead patients from life support or to not introduce a ...
Postmortem organ donations seem like a thoroughly altruistic act. However, from a Jewish perspective, there are certain other issues that must be taken into consideration:. 1) Is the donor dead? This may seem like a bizarre question. But, by whose definition of death has the person been declared dead? Organs are often harvested from the brain-dead donor - when the donors brain shows no signs of activity - because many of the organs that are sought for donation must be removed from the donor while the heart is still pumping. Many Jewish authorities, however, define clinical death as cessation of respiration. According to these authorities, the doctor might be killing a living donor in order to harvest the organ.. 2) How is the organ going to be used? Is there an immediate need for the organ to save a life? If so, then there is no question that an organ may be used (assuming the donor is halachically deceased). Often, however, organs are harvested and kept for organ banks (waiting for a donor) ...
Organ Donation essay is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.. Organ donation is defined as the removal of organs from a body and transplanting it to a new body, by surgical means. Organ donation happens in a lot of ways. Unless it is consensual, it is not legal.. The requirement for new organs usually arises when a person loses an organ to some accident or stops functioning. For example, patients with acute liver cirrhosis may require a liver transplant. A liver transplant is usually done by removing a small part of the liver from a healthy persons body and transplanting it.. Likewise, organs like the retina of the eye, and kidneys can be donated. These organs remain functional for a few hours after removing them from the patients body. In the case of a heart transplant, it must be done immediately after removing it from the dead persons body. However, a heart transplant can be done only when the donor is declared brain dead by doctors.. Organ transplant dramatically depends on the ...
In a paper published in the official journal of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, German scientists have made out a detailed analysis of the 700 head injuries suffered by characters in the 34 Asterix comic books. In the paper, the two gauls; Asterix and his sidekick Obelix are reported to have caused half of those damages and…
During the examination, she said she found a depressed skull fracture, bruising on his eyes and some missing upper teeth. She saw different stages and ages of bruising and scars, small circular cuts and that he had a deep lash on the base of his penis and a burn mark ...
A VERY SATISFIED MCDONALDS EMPLOYEE. Huh??? Wow, this has got to be the dumbest post on this whole site. Sorry, I just cant contain myself. Are there really people this stupid in the world? Im having some sort dark spriritual awakening just thinking about this guy. Im scared and need to be held. If this is satire then its pure genious. Anon, dude, you are seriously confused. Your post is INTENSLY judgemental and negative. And aimed at what? People expressing their opinions about important social issues? How is it that no one on this site has a right to an opinion about ANYTHING, but YOU have a right to your opinion about THEM? Are you like special or somethin? What is it about this word judge that gets christians so excited anyway? If I said that I think the Bible is a really great book, isnt that a judgement? What if my stomach is growling and feeling empty and I think to myself or say to someone else Gee, I must be hungry. Isnt that a judgement? Get a grip man. Ive just read ...
A Michigan man reportedly went from perfectly healthy to brain dead in nine days after he contracted the rare, mosquito-borne virus Eastern equine encephalitis during an uptick in cases this year.
VANCOUVER - A 32-year-old Canadian woman who had been declared brain dead in December and kept on life support for six weeks died on Sunday soon after giving birth to a baby boy. Robyn Benson was just 22 weeks pregnant when she collapsed from a cerebral…. Maine news, sports, politics, election results, and obituaries from the Bangor Daily News.
Whether and when donors in DCD cases are dead is important because cadaveric organ transplantation operates under the dead donor rule. This rule can be characterized in 2 different ways, each with its own ethical justification. One version is that organ recovery must not cause the donors death. This version is justified by the prohibition against the direct killing of innocent persons. The other version is that the donor must be dead before the recovery of vital organs. This version is based on preventing potential negative outcomes, such as the mistreatment of potential donors and the erosion of public confidence in transplantation.18. Some commentators have recommended abandoning the dead donor rule. Miller and Truog,19 for example, argue that withdrawing life-sustaining treatment causes patients death and that there is no ethical bright line between withdrawing life-sustaining treatment and active euthanasia. They contend that patients or their surrogates, who have previously decided to ...
In a major achievement in the organ transplantation history in the country, kidneys of a brain-dead person have been successfully transplanted to two people in Bhaktapur.
A Joint Statement by Pro-Life Leaders. Recently some environmentalists have portrayed certain of their causes as intrinsic to the pro-life movement. The tactic often involves appealing to a seamless garment of support for life, or to being consistently pro-life or completely pro-life.. As leaders of the pro-life movement, we reject that portrayal as disingenuous and dangerous to our efforts to protect the lives of unborn children.. The term pro-life originated historically in the struggle to end abortion on demand and continues to be used in public discourse overwhelmingly in that sense. To ignore that is at best sloppy communication and at worst intentional deception. The life in pro-life denotes not quality of life but life itself. The term denotes opposition to a procedure that intentionally results in dead babies.. In stark contrast, most environmental causes promoted as pro-life involve little threat to human life itself, and no intent to kill anyone. For example, even if one grants ...
01. On the one hand the Church recognizes, consistent with her tradition, that the sanctity of all human life from conception to natural end must absolutely be respected and upheld. On the other hand, a secular society tends to place greater emphasis on the quality of living. 02. The Catholic Church has always opposed the destruction of human life before being born through abortion and she equally condemns the premature ending of the life of an innocent donor in order to extend the life of another through unpaired vital organ transplantation. It is morally inadmissible directly to bring about the disabling mutilation or death of a human being, even in order to delay the death of other persons. It is never licit to kill one human being in order to save another. 03. Nor can we remain silent in the face of other more furtive, but no less serious and real forms of euthanasia. These could occur for example when, in order to increase the availability of organs for transplants, organs are removed ...
01. On the one hand the Church recognizes, consistent with her tradition, that the sanctity of all human life from conception to natural end must absolutely be respected and upheld. On the other hand, a secular society tends to place greater emphasis on the quality of living. 02. The Catholic Church has always opposed the destruction of human life before being born through abortion and she equally condemns the premature ending of the life of an innocent donor in order to extend the life of another through unpaired vital organ transplantation. It is morally inadmissible directly to bring about the disabling mutilation or death of a human being, even in order to delay the death of other persons. It is never licit to kill one human being in order to save another. 03. Nor can we remain silent in the face of other more furtive, but no less serious and real forms of euthanasia. These could occur for example when, in order to increase the availability of organs for transplants, organs are removed ...
would like your opinion on sleep apnea test. I have emphysema and use 02 at night. I had a all night test and they did not put O2 on me at all and never put a Capp on during test. Everyone I talked to that had sleep apnea said, they put cpap on after couple hours to see improvement. My concern is my pulmo (she also heads sleep study) called and said I have mild speed apnea. I should come in and get fitted with cpap. My 02 dropped 77. When I told her they never put 02 on she was not happy as she ordered test to be done with 02. I told her they never put Cpap on and she said that s how she does test. My problem is I don t want to use it if I don t have to and kind feel she is pushing it on me. How do I know if it was just lack of 02. I go in next week and will ask for copy test. Did you wear you 02 and did they put cpap on when you got tested? Please any help on this would be appreciated. ...
Background. Studies and statistics worldwide have shown that the demand for organs is greater than the supply. Evaluates how the intensive care nurses interaction with relatives can affect the statistics on organ donation. Aim. To explore and identify factors potentially affecting relativesdecision regarding organ donation in interaction with the intensive care nurses.Method. A systematic review of qualitative research using meta-ethnography. It included research from 2005-2015. Ten research articles were included and synthesised. Results.Four main factors were identified as affecting organ donation decision-making: Comprehension of Brain Death, Decedents Wishes, Organisational Factors and Perceptions and Attitudes. A major contributing factor appeared to be intensive care nurses lack of education, continuous training and exposure to donor patients. Conclusion. The meta-synthesis gave a clear picture of the main factors affecting relatives decision. In addition, the educational needs of ...
Death and life are not primarily objects of science. Our primary access to the phenomenon of life is self-awareness and the perception of other humans and other living beings. Life is the being of the living. Vivere viventibus est esse, says Aristotle. For a living being, not to live means ceasing to exist. Being, however, is never an object of natural science. It is in fact the primum notum of reason and as such secondarily an object of metaphysical reflection. Because life is the being of the living, then life cannot be defined. According to the classical adage ens et unum convertuntur, it holds true for every living organism that it is alive precisely as long as it possesses internal unity.. Unlike the unity of atom and molecule, the unity of the living organism is constituted by an anti-entropic process of integration. Death is the end of this integration. With death, the reign of entropy begins-hence, the reign of destructuring, of decay. Decomposition can be stopped by means of chemical ...
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Organ Harvesting in Africa If I hadnt read this, I would have NOT believed it. President Barack Obama told a group of young African leaders on Monday that harvesting organs from humans that are killed as part of an African ritual was
Small subdural hematoma right convexity Massive cerebral hemisphere edema on CT Marked degree of downward transtentorial herniation. Hemorrhage in brain stem seen on DWI images. Marked white matter-gray matter contrast on ADC map indicating severe brain injury.
The results of this study in Clinical Transplantation should come as no surprise.  Mainstream media provides poor education to the public on br...