Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. Penetration into host cells.: Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary, mouse adrenal cortex tumor (Y-1), THP-1 and U-937 cells

The Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (CyaA) is a 1706-residue-long toxin, endowed with hemolytic activity. We have constructed B.

The effect of an i.p. injection of Bordetella pertussis on the primary humoral immune response in mice to the thymus-independent antigen SIII has been studied. Suppression of the antibody response occurred when pertussis cells were injected at the same time as an optimal immunizing dose of SIII. In contrast, the antibody response to high doses of SIII was enhanced by B. pertussis.. When SIII alone was injected, only 19S antibody was detected. However, when B. pertussis was administered with either optimal or high doses of SIII, 7S as well as 19S antibody against SIII was produced.. ...

Bordetella pertussis isolates that do not express pertactin (PRN) are increasing in regions where acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for >7 years. We analyzed data from France and compared clinical symptoms among infants <6 months old infected by PRN-positive or PRN-negative isolates. No major clinical differences were found between the 2 groups.

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of human whooping cough (pertussis) and is particularly severe in infants. Despite worldwide vaccinations, whooping cough remains a public health problem. A significant increase in the incidence of whooping cough has been observed in many countries since the 1990s. Several reasons for the re-emergence of this highly contagious disease have been suggested. A particularly intriguing possibility is based on evidence indicating that pathogen adaptation may play a role in this process. In an attempt to gain insight into the genomic make-up of B. pertussis over the last 60 years, we used an oligonucleotide DNA microarray to compare the genomic contents of a collection of 171 strains of B. pertussis isolates from different countries. The CGH microarray analysis estimated the core genome of B. pertussis, to consist of 3,281 CDSs that are conserved among all B. pertussis strains, and represent 84.8% of all CDSs found in the 171 B. pertussis strains. A total of 64

Morse, J.H.; Kong, A.S.; Lindenbaum, J.; Morse, S.I., 1977: The mitogenic effect of the lymphocytosis promoting factor from Bordetella pertussis on human lymphocytes

The effect of exogenously added adenylate cyclase from Bordetella pertussis (strain 114) has been investigated in Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor, chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and several other cells. A partially purified adenylate cyclase was found not to enter cells but, nevertheless, produced large amounts of cAMP in the medium. We could show that this resulted from release of ATP (and not larger molecules). The ATP released by the cells could be (1) directly measured and was replenished after each change of medium; (2) was reciprocally related to the cAMP produced; and (3) was competed for by ATPases present in added serum or by hexokinase and, less effectively, by exoenzymes on the cell surface. The extent of ATP leakage varied widely between different cell lines, being marked in CHO and Y-1 adrenal cells but negligible in transformed lymphocyte lines. The uncertainty of the origin of cAMP found in media of cultured cells requires separate analysis of cell and medium cAMP and an assessment of ATP ...

Since the 1980s, pertussis notifications in the United States have been increasing. To determine the types of Bordetella pertussis responsible for these increases, we divided 661 B. pertussis isolates collected in the United States during 1935-2009 into 8 periods related to the introduction of novel vaccines or changes in vaccination schedule. B. pertussis diversity was highest from 1970-1990 (94%) but declined to ≈ 70% after 1991 and has remained constant. During 2006-2009, 81.6% of the strains encoded multilocus sequence type prn2-ptxP3-ptxS1A-fim3B, and 64% were multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis type 27. US trends were consistent with those seen internationally; emergence and predominance of the fim3B allele was the only molecular characteristic associated with the increase in pertussis notifications. Changes in the vaccine composition and schedule were not the direct selection pressures that resulted in the allele changes present in the current B. pertussis population ...

Acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis were introduced in Australia in 1997. By 2000, these vaccines had replaced whole-cell vaccines. During 2008-2012, a large outbreak of pertussis occurred. During this period, 30% (96/320) of B. pertussis isolates did not express the vaccine antigen pertactin (prn). Multiple mechanisms of prn inactivation were documented, including IS481 and IS1002 disruptions, a variation within a homopolymeric tract, and deletion of the prn gene. The mechanism of lack of expression of prn in 16 (17%) isolates could not be determined at the sequence level. These findings suggest that B. pertussis not expressing prn arose independently multiple times since 2008, rather than by expansion of a single prn-negative clone. All but 1 isolate had ptxA1, prn2, and ptxP3, the alleles representative of currently circulating strains in Australia. This pattern is consistent with continuing evolution of B. pertussis in response to vaccine selection pressure.

The genus Bordetella consists of Gram-negative β-proteobacteria, including the three human pathogens Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis an...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Surveillance of circulating bordetella pertussis strains in Europe during 1998 to 2015. AU - Barkoff, Alex Mikael. AU - Mertsola, Jussi. AU - Pierard, Denis. AU - Dalby, Tine. AU - Hoegh, Silje Vermedal. AU - Guillot, Sophie. AU - Stefanelli, Paola. AU - Van Gent, Marjolein. AU - Berbers, Guy. AU - Vestrheim, Didrik F.. AU - Greve-Isdahl, Margrethe. AU - Wehlin, Lena. AU - Ljungman, Margaretha. AU - Fry, Norman. AU - Markey, Kevin. AU - Auranen, Kari. AU - Hea, Qiushui. N1 - Funding Information: eDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark fNational Reference Center of Whooping Cough and Other Bordetelloses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France gDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy hCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights ...

Bordetella pertussis infection is being increasingly recognized as a cause of prolonged, distressing cough (without whooping symptoms) in children and young adults. Diagnosis of infection in this population is important for treatment and surveillance purposes, and may also prove useful in reducing transmission to unvaccinated babies, for whom disease can be fatal. Serum IgG titres against pertussis toxin (PT) are routinely used as a marker of recent or persisting B. pertussis infection. However, collection of serum from young children is difficult, and compliance amongst these subjects to give samples is low. To circumvent these problems, an IgG-capture ELISA capable of detecting anti-PT IgG in oral fluid was devised. The assay was evaluated by comparison to a serum ELISA, using 187 matched serum and oral fluid samples from children (aged 5-16 years) with a history of prolonged coughing, whose serum anti-PT titre had already been determined (69 seropositive, 118 seronegative). The results showed that,

Bordetella pertussis is an aerobic gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes the human respiratory disease whooping cough. Despite widespread vaccination, whooping cough is reemerging due to decreased vaccine efficacy. One of the hallmarks of infection is lymphocytosis, which is induced by the pertussis toxin. Lymphocytes such as CD4+ T cells navigate to infected tissues through surface-trafficking molecules, which are imprinted during their interaction with tissue-associated dendritic cells. We hypothesized that the pertussis toxin affects the imprinting process resulting in altered expression of trafficking molecules on CD4+ T cells. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse model of infection. Imprinting levels on CD4+ T cells were compared to Bordetella parapertussis, a related strain that lacks pertussis toxin. Our results indicated that 5 days post-infection, the percentage of lung dendritic cells increased and adopted a mature phenotype (displaying an increased capability to migrate and present

TY - JOUR. T1 - Intracellular survival of virulent Bordetella pertussis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AU - Steed, L. L.. AU - Setareh, M.. AU - Friedman, R. L.. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - Little is known regarding the interaction of Bordetella pertussis with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) or the role PMNL play as an initial line of defense against B. pertussis infection. An in vitro system was developed to establish conditions for the study of phagocytosis and killing of virulent B. pertussis by human PMNL. Phagocytosis of B. pertussis strains BP504, BP165, and BP338 occurred by opsonization with anti-B. pertussis antibody, while autologous normal human sera did not induce significant phagocytosis. In PMNL bacterial killing assays virulent B. pertussis strains survived PMNL bactericidal activities while Escherichia coli controls were readily killed. Electron microscopy studies using acid phosphatase as a lysosomal marker strongly suggested that B. pertussis inhibits ...

Bordetella pertussis is a strict human pathogen that is the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough). Despite widespread immunization with pertussis vaccines, many countries still report outbreaks (1, 12, 14). Resurgence of pertussis has been recently observed in some countries with high vaccination coverage (4, 8, 10). It is suggested that pathogen adaptation may play a role in the reemergence of pertussis (10, 15, 16). In this present work, the complete genome sequence of B. pertussis strain CS, which was isolated from an infant patient in 1951 in Beijing and widely used as a vaccine strain for production of an acellular pertussis vaccine in China, was determined and compared with the published genome of Tohama I (11).. Whole-genome sequencing of B. pertussis CS was performed with a combined strategy of the Sanger shotgun approach (6) and 454 fragment sequencing technology (9). A total of 329,480 reads, giving 28-fold coverage of the genome, were generated using the GS FLX system (454 ...

Bordetella pertussis ATCC ® BAA-589D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Bordetella pertussis Strain Tohama 1 TypeStrain=False Application:

The Global and Chinese Bordetella Pertussis Industry, 2011-2021 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Bordetella Pertussis industry with a focus on the Chinese market. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Bordetella Pertussis manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.. Complete report of 150 pages published in Jan 2016 is available at http://www.market-research-reports.com/434778-bordetella-pertussis-industry.. Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail. In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2011-2016 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the ...

BACKGROUND: Each year, Bordetella pertussis infection causes an estimated 294,000 deaths worldwide, primarily among young, nonvaccinated children. Approximately 90% of all deaths due to pertussis in the Unites States occur in young infants. These children often develop intractable pulmonary hypertension; however, the pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for this complication has not been well characterized, and there have been no detailed descriptions of the pathology of this disease since the 1940s.. METHODS: Respiratory tissue samples obtained at autopsy from 15 infants aged ,or=4 months who had polymerase chain reaction- or culture-confirmed B. pertussis pneumonia were evaluated by multiple histochemical stains, immunohistochemical evaluation, and electron microscopic examination.. RESULTS: The pulmonary histopathologic examination of the samples revealed a descending infection dominated by necrotizing bronchiolitis, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrinous edema. All samples had marked ...

Catalyzes the rearrangement of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) to produce the thiazole phosphate moiety of thiamine. Sulfur is provided by the thiocarboxylate moiety of the carrier protein ThiS. In vitro, sulfur can be provided by H(2)S.

Intranasal immunization of adult female Balb/c mice with the Bordetella pertussis antigens FHA or P.69, greatly enhanced their ability to clear B. pertussis from their lungs following aerosol challenge compared with ovalbumin-immunized controls. Low numbers of lymphocytes secreting antibodies (IgG, …

In order to achieve batch-to-batch consistency of whole-cell pertussis vaccines, properties relevant for protection and safety should be characterised. Therefore, ELISAs to quantify pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), 92 kD outer membrane protein (92 kD-OMP) and pertactin (PRN) in Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) suspensions were developed. In this paper the influence of the bacterial growth stage on antigen production and antigen release into the supernatant was studied for pertussis strains 134, 509 and CS. The levels of cell-associated and free antigens during growth were strongly strain and antigen dependent. Because of this, the proportion of cell-associated antigens changed during cultivation for all three strains. Substantial amounts of PT and PRN were released into the supernatant, while little free FHA and 92 kD-OMP were found. The amount of cell-associated FHA declined rapidly during growth, whereas cell-associated 92 kD-OMP contents increased. These findings ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical presentation of culture-confirmed pertussis in children and their contacts with cough illnesses in an outpatient setting. METHODOLOGY: In conjunction with a large pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany, a central laboratory to isolate Bordetella species from nasopharyngeal specimens was established in Erlangen in October 1990. Pediatricians in private practices in southern Germany, the Saar region, and Berlin were encouraged to obtain nasopharyngeal specimens and clinical characteristics from patients with cough illnesses ,/=7 days duration. Bordetella species were isolated by use of calcium alginate swabs, Regan-Lowe agar, and modified Stainer-Scholte broth. Clinical characteristics were determined by initial and follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: From October 1990 to September 1996, 20 972 specimens were submitted, and B pertussis was isolated in 2592 instances (12.4%). Of the culture-proven cases, 50.7% were female, and the age range was 6 days to 41 ...

Bordetella pertussis, small coccoid gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, is the causative agent of pertussis, a respiratory disease. The bacteria are transmitted by droplet infection from individual to individual. The disease mainly affects children in the age of 0-4 years. It shows a high lethality in newborns. The Immunolab Bordetella pertussis IgG/IgM/IgA ELISAs are quantitative and qualitative tests for the…

Background. Acellular pertussis (aP) booster immunizations have been recommended for adolescents and older persons to enhance long-term protection and to possibly reduce community transmission of infections.. Methods. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind vaccine trial in which one-half of the subjects received aP vaccine and one-half received hepatitis A vaccine (control subjects). All subjects were observed for almost 2 years for cough illnesses, and all underwent microbiologic and serologic studies for detection of pertussis infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae 2/3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples obtained 1 and 12 months after immunization. Infection rates were determined with a variety of serologic criteria for control and vaccinated subjects. The incidence of prolonged cough illness was ascertained for subjects with and subjects without ...

GENTILE, Ángela et al. Cost of Bordetella pertussis illness in tertiary hospitals in Argentina. Arch. argent. pediatr. [online]. 2013, vol.111, n.4, pp.295-302. ISSN 0325-0075. http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2013.295.. The National Immunization Commission and the National Program for the Control of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, ProNaCEI) updated the immunization policy in relation to Bordetella pertussis (BP) in 2009 in order to improve the control of this disease in accordance with international recommendations. To evaluate the fnancial impact of this new immunization policy, we must frst know the cost on the health system of having a hospitalized or outpatient child infected with BP. The objective of this study was to describe the profle of costs of hospitalized or outpatient children with laboratory-confrmed BP infection in three hospitals of Argentina. This was a prospective study of the cost of BP in the period between December ...

ID BOPER1_1_PE1000 STANDARD; PRT; 266 AA. AC BOPER1_1_PE1000; Q7VZ03; DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 1, Created) DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 2, Last sequence update) DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 3, Last annotation update) DE SubName: Full=Competence lipoprotein; (BOPER1_1.PE1000). GN Name=comL; OrderedLocusNames=BP1146; OS BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS TOHAMA I. OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; OC Alcaligenaceae; Bordetella. OX NCBI_TaxID=257313; RN [0] RP -.; RG -.; RL -.; CC -!- SEQ. DATA ORIGIN: Translated from the HOGENOM CDS BOPER1_1.PE1000. CC Bordetella pertussis Tohama I, complete genome. CC complete sequence. CC -!- ANNOTATIONS ORIGIN:Q7VZ03_BORPE CC -!- GENE_FAMILY: HOG000260923 [ FAMILY / ALN / TREE ] DR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot; Q7VZ03; -. DR EMBL; BX640414; CAE41443.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR RefSeq; NP_879922.1; NC_002929.2. DR GeneID; 2665391; -. DR GenomeReviews; BX470248_GR; BP1146. DR KEGG; bpe:BP1146; -. DR OMA; IHVADYY; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q7VZ03; -. DR ProtClustDB; CLSK920261; -. DR GO; ...

What is pertussis (whooping cough)? Pertussis (also called whooping cough) is a disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis that spreads from person-to-person with close contact. It may cause severe coughing fits which can affect breathing. Pertussis is often milder in older children and adults, but can cause serious problems in infants. Pertussis can lead to pneumonia, convulsions, inflammation of the brain and sometimes death. Most of these serious problems occur in infants who are less than one year old. Who can get pertussis? Pertussis can occur in any age group; however, pertussis is more common among infants since they are too young to have full protection from the vaccine. Pertussis is also more common in adolescents and adults who have lost the protection they got from vaccination or illness in childhood. How is pertussis spread? Pertussis is spread from one person to another through respiratory droplets from the nose or throat of an infected person by coughing or sneezing, and ...

Mooi FR; van Loo IHM; van Gent M; He Q; Bart MJ; Heuvelman KJ; de Greeff SC; Diavatopoulos D; Teunis P; Nagelkerke N; Mertsola J (2009 ...

Bordetella pertussis Antibodies, IgA, IgG, & IgM,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide leader in innovative laboratory research and development. ARUP offers an extensive test menu of highly complex and unique medical tests in clinical and anatomic pathology. Owned by the University of Utah, ARUP Laboratories client,medicine,medical supply,medical supplies,medical product

CyaA, the adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis, can deliver its N-terminal catalytic domain into the cytosol of a large number of eukaryotic

Despite the availability of highly effective vaccines, Bordetella pertussis incidence has been rapidly rising in highly vaccinated populations. Recent outbreaks have received media attention, feeding concerns about the emergence of dangerous new strains with increased virulence or that escape vaccine-induced immunity. To accelerate the study of this reemerging pathogen, we sequenced the genomes of 28 B. pertussis strains isolated during outbreaks from 2010 through 2012, making both strains and sequence data available to the scientific community ...

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: a simple chemically defined medium for the production of phase 1 Bordetella Pertussis described consisting of sodium glutamate, proline, cystine, salts, and growth factors, which is suitable for the large-scale production of phase 1 bordetella pertussis. The cultures were detoxified by the addition of 0.14% formalin. The acellular pertussis antigens (PT, FHA, and pertactin) are isolated from Bordetella pertussis culture grown in modified Stainer-Scholte liquid medium. PT and FHA are isolated from the fermentation broth; pertactin is extracted from the cells by heat treatment and flocculation. The antigens are purified in successive chromatographic and precipitation steps. PT is detoxified using glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde. FHA and pertactin are treated with formaldehyde. Each antigen is individually adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. Each 0.5-mL dose is formulated to contain 5 Lf of tetanus toxoid, 2.5 Lf of diphtheria toxoid, 8 mcg of inactivated PT, 8 mcg of FHA, and ...

Bordetella pertussis, the human pathogen of whooping cough, when grown at 22 degrees C is nonvirulent and unable to bind eukaryotic cells. In response to a temperature shift to 37 degrees C, the bacterium acquires the ability to bind eukaryotic cells in a time-dependent fashion. By studying in vitro the temperature-induced transition, from the nonvirulent to the virulent state, we found that binding to CHO cells is mediated by the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing domain of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a protein with multiple binding specificities. This protein is synthesized as a 367-kDa polypeptide within 10 min after temperature shift, but requires 2 hr before it is detected on the bacterial cell surface and starts to bind CHO cells. Mutations affecting the cell surface export of FHA abolish bacterial adhesion to CHO cells, while mutations in the outer membrane protein pertactin strongly reduce binding. This suggests that multiple chaperon proteins are required for a correct function of FHA. ...

A mouse immunoglobulin G3 monoclonal antibody specific for the core oligosaccharide moiety of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Bordetella pertussis has been shown to have complement-dependent bactericidal activity. This monoclonal antibody exhibits bactericidal activity against strains of B. pertussis that express the LOS A phenotype. In addition this monoclonal antibody was effective in reducing colonization by B. pertussis in both the lungs and tracheas of mice after aerosol infection. ...

Bordetella pertussis ASR,The B. pertussis ASR contains primers and a FAM-labeled probe that is designed to detect a 103 bp region of the IS481 gene. In addition, the B. pertussis ASR contains primers, a Texas Red-labeled probe and DNA for an internal control sequence. This ASR requires an instrument that can detect FAM and,medicine,medical supply,medical supplies,medical product

Pertussis (whooping cough) is a disease of uncontrollable coughing as a result of infection caused by bacteria Bordetella pertussis Types of food to prevent and treat Pertussis 1. Green tea and black tea In the study to evaluate the efficacy of anti bactericidal activity of tea and catechins against Bordetella pertussis, indicated that pu-erh tea …. ...

Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. Research suggests PT may have a therapeutic role in treating a number of common human ailments, including hypertension, viral inhibition, and autoimmune inhibition. PT clearly plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pertussis although this was discovered only in the early 1980s. The appearance of pertussis is quite recent, compared with other epidemic infectious diseases. The earliest mention of pertussis, or whooping cough, is of an outbreak in Paris in 1414. This was published in Moultons The Mirror of Health, in 1640. Another epidemic of pertussis took place in Paris in 1578 and was described by a contemporary observer, Guillaume de Baillou. Pertussis was well known throughout Europe by the middle of the 18th century. Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou described in ...

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Banked acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples from a previous study of respiratory illness in university students were examined for significant (≥2-fold) increases in ELISA titers of IgA and IgG antibody to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae-2 and ≥4-fold titer increases to agglutinogens by agglutination. ELISA titers of antibody to pertussis toxin could not be determined because of technical problems. Chlamydia pneumoniae infections were diagnosed by culture or by a ≥4-fold increase in immunofluorescence assay titer or a single high titer (≥512). Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A and B, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus infections were diagnosed by ≥4-fold increases in complement fixation titer or a single high titer (≥64). There were 319 subjects with cough of ≥5 days duration, and of these, 47 (15%) had significant increases in antibody to B. pertussis antigens; 26 (8%) had significant increases to fimbriae-2 or ...

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

Pertussis (Whooping Cough). Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis lives in the nose, mouth, and throat of infected individuals. The bacteria are shed in nasopharyngeal secretions and can be spread through coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with fluids from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. If untreated, infected individuals can spread the pertussis bacteria to others from 1 week before cough onset to 21 days after cough onset. Untreated infants (,1 year) remain infectious for up to 42 days from cough onset. When treated with antibiotics, the infectious period is reduced to 5 days after the initiation of treatment. Severe infections can result in complications such as pneumonia among all age groups. Seizures and encephalopathy generally occur only among infants. The average incubation period for pertussis is 7-10 days with a range of 4-21 days.. Case Definition. A cough illness lasting ≥2 weeks with at ...

Escaneado de imágenes de microscopio electrónico de Bordetella pertussis - Gram-negativa, aerobia, no móviles, cocobacilos procariotas (bacterias) que causa la tosferina o pertussis. Sobre la técnica de imagen: Las tecnologías modernas tales como la microscopía electrónica puede dar detalles más finos de las bacterias que la microscopía óptica (luz) e incluso puede ser utilizado para mostrar las características internas. Las micrografías electrónicas son imágenes en blanco y negro generados por los rayos de alta energía de electrones. Las micrografías a veces se les da un color falso para que sean visualmente atractivo (en este caso, se utilizó un tinte verde).. ...

The heterohybridoma cell line HBp2 secreting human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) directed against Bordetella pertussis was generated by fusing SP2/HPT heteromyeloma cells with human spleen lymphocytes, after in vitro stimulation for 6 days. The hybridoma was maintained in culture for more than 1 year w …

False colour transmission electron micrograph of the whooping cough bacterium, Bordetella pertussis. The micrograph shows the bacteriums surface covered in fine hairs called pili or frimbriae. Several types of pili have been identified, based on shape & function. Generally, pili cause bacteria to stick together & attach to foreign cells in the body. The fragments around the bacterium are bits of the growth medium. The whooping cough bacteria parasitise only humans, causing a respiratory tract infection characterised by fits of coughing that end in loud inspiratory whoops. It is potentially fatal in infancy. Magnification: X 20,600 at 35mm size. Original is bw print b220/213. - Stock Image B220/0213

False colour transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a thin section of the whooping cough bacteria, Bordetella pertussis. The whooping cough bacteria parasitise only humans. They cause a respiratory tract infection characterised by fits of coughing that end in loud inspiratory whoops. The infection is usually contracted in childhood and is potentially fatal in infancy. Adults are sometimes affected. The infection damages the epithelium lining the trachea and bronchi, impairing the beat of the cilia that keep the airways clean. Antibiotics are of very limited effect in treatment. Magnification: X 8800 at 35mm size. - Stock Image B220/0221

ICD-10 A37.00 is whooping cough due to bordetella pertussis without pneumonia (A3700). This code is grouped under diagnosis codes for certain infectious and parasitic diseases.

The Sanger Institute has been funded by the Wellcome Trust to sequence the genomes of Bordetella pertussis strain Tohama I, B. parapertussis strain 12822 and B. bronchiseptica strain RB50 in collaboration with Duncan Maskell and Andrew Preston of the Centre for Veterinary Science, Dept. of Clinical Veterinary medicine, The University of Cambridge. The sequences and analysis are described in: Parkhill et al (2003) Comparative analysis of the genome sequences of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Nature Genetics 35 32-40 (DOI: 10.1038/Ng1227), and have been submitted to EMBL/GenBank with the accession numbers: BX470248 (B. pertussis), BX470249 (B. parapertussis) and BX470250 (B. bronchiseptica). The three sequenced Bordetella strains have been deposited with the ATCC and NCTC under the following accession numbers: Bordetella parapertussis 12822: ATCC BAA-587, NCTC 13253 Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50: ATCC BAA-588, NCTC 13252 Bordetella pertussis Tohama ...

In this study, we have shown that the MLVA is a valuable typing technique to characterize B. pertussis isolates. MLVA is a robust, simple, and portable method which can be used to create strain profiles that are easily electronically exchanged. MLVA has been successfully used to type several different bacterial species and proven to be an excellent method with high resolution, particularly useful for organisms with a low level of sequence diversity (4, 10-12, 16, 18, 19, 27, 28, 31). Although MLVA resulted in high-resolution typing of B. pertussis, the analysis was significantly enhanced after MLVA was combined with sequencing-based analysis of three B. pertussis virulence genes. The latter typing method, designated MAST, also yielded allelic profiles (36). The combined MAST-MLVA profiles were used to perform clustering analyses of the Dutch B. pertussis strains isolated before the introduction of the pertussis vaccine in 1953 and isolates obtained before and after the pertussis epidemics in the ...

Gearing, A.J.; Bird, C.; Wadha, M.; Redhead, K., 1987: The primary and secondary cellular immune responses to whole cell Bordetella pertussis vaccine and its components

The effect of an extract of histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis on the immune response of different strains of mice to ovalbumin (OA) was investigated with regard to optimal dose of antigen and adjuvant. It was observed that all strains of mice treated with HSF during immunization with OA demonstrated enhanced production of hemagglutinating antibodies, as compared to animals treated with antigen alone. This enhancement was generally not as great as that demonstrated when Al(OH)3 was the adjuvant. HSF also stimulated a reaginic antibody response (IgE) to OA, but not in all strains of mice. In reagin responders optimal responses were observed with high doses of both antigen and adjuvant, whereas low doses of both produced little or no response. Maximal reagin production occurred usually 14-28 days after immunization and persisted for long periods of time. An anamnestic reagin response was elicited upon secondary immunization with antigen alone, not only in mice immunized ...

Looking for online definition of Bordet-Gengou phenomenon in the Medical Dictionary? Bordet-Gengou phenomenon explanation free. What is Bordet-Gengou phenomenon? Meaning of Bordet-Gengou phenomenon medical term. What does Bordet-Gengou phenomenon mean?

Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) from Bordetella pertussis can subvert host immune responses allowing bacterial colonization. Here we have examined its adjuvant and immunomodulatory properties and the possible contribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known to be present in purified CyaA preparations. CyaA enhanced antigen-specific interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-10 production and immunoglobulin G1 antibodies to coadministered antigen in vivo. Antigen-specific CD4+-T-cell clones generated from mice immunized with antigen and CyaA had cytokine profiles characteristic of Th2 or type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells. Since innate immune cells direct the induction of T-cell subtypes, we examined the influence of CyaA on activation of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. CyaA significantly augmented LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-10 and inhibited LPS-driven tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-12p70 production from bone marrow-derived DC and macrophages. CyaA also enhanced cell surface expression of CD80, CD86, and ...

Pertussis Vaccine: A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

FIG 6 Biofilm dispersal by matrix-dissolving agents. Ninety-six-hour biofilms were treated with pronase E in Tris buffer (A), with 40 mM sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4) in H2O (B), and with DNase I in reaction buffer (C) for 2 h at 37°C (filled bars). Biofilms were treated with the respective reaction buffers as controls (open bars). Biofilm reduction is presented as a percentage of the value for the respective strain incubated with buffer only. Average values are shown from one representative assay of three independent replicates, with their respective standard deviations. Significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA. *, P ,0.05; **, P ,0.01; ***, P ,0.001. ...

Since their introduction in the 1940s and 1950s, pertussis vaccines (mostly in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids as diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines) have been very efficient in reducing pertussis mortality and morbidity in infants and young children. WHO estimates suggest that between 1999 and 2014, more than 100 000 infant deaths could have been averted mainly by increased coverage of pertussis vaccination.1 Pertussis vaccines come in two varieties: one is made of whole-cell killed Bordetella pertussis cells, consequently called whole-cell pertussis vaccine, and the other is made from one to five purified and partly chemically inactivated bacterial virulence factors, consequently called acellular pertussis vaccine. ...

The adenylate cyclase toxin (AC toxin) is necessary for disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, which has reemerged in the United States over the last two decad...

Despite an increased proportion of Bordetella pertussis isolates lacking pertactin, vaccine effectiveness (VE) is still high in Vermont for the five-dose diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) series and the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap).

Introduction The routine use of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of the disease in various countries around the world, with a reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, infants up to six months who did not receive the basic vaccination scheme remain susceptible and, when infected by Bordetella pertussis, may present atypical symptoms when compared with older children.1. Over the past few years there have been several reports concerning the severity of pertussis in infants, such as the nine cases reported in the United Kingdom by Smith & Vyas,1 of which six led to death. Severe complications were observed, such as apnea, seizures, respiratory insufficiency, arterial hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax, and secondary bacterial infections.. More recently, another study conducted in the United Kingdom showed that among the 142 infants under five months of age who were hospitalized with a clinical condition of severe respiratory ...

Ca2 Influx and Tyrosine Kinases Trigger Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin ACT Endocytosis. Cell Physiology and Expression of the CD11b-CD18 Integrin Major Determinants of the Entry Route. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Pertussis, whooping cough, caused by the gram negative pleomorphic bacillus, Bordetella pertussis, is a highly contagious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness that has re-emerged in the United States (US) as a cause of morbidity and mortality in infants less than 6 months of age as well as morbidity in adolescents and adults. Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed (Tdap) immunization of women in the third trimester of pregnancy represents an opportunity to protect the vulnerable very young infants through passively acquired maternal pertussis specific antibodies. Tdap vaccine is being evaluated for this purpose since there is no monovalent acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine available in the U.S. This is a multi-site, randomized, double masked, cross-over study in 48 healthy pregnant women, 18-45 years of age who will be randomized (2:1) into two groups. One group will receive a single dose of Tdap vaccine at 30-32 weeks of gestation and a ...

HIGASHI, Hisako G. et al. Acellular and low pertussis vaccines: adverse events and the role of mutations. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo [online]. 2009, vol.51, n.3, pp.131-134. ISSN 1678-9946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652009000300002.. Objective: to discuss the current PAHO recommendation that does not support the substitution of traditional cellular DTP vaccine by acellular DTP, and the role of mutations, in humans, as the main cause of rare adverse events, such as epileptic-like convulsions, triggered by pertussis vaccine. Data review: the main components related to toxic effects of cellular pertussis vaccines are the lipopolysaccharide of bacterial cell wall and pertussis toxin. The removal of part of lipopolysaccharide layer has allowed the creation of a safer cellular pertussis vaccine, with costs comparable to the traditional cellular vaccine, and which may be a substitute for the acellular vaccine. Conclusion: The new methodology introduced by Instituto Butantan allows for the ...

13) The preventive measure for Bordetella pertussis infection is the vaccination method, the pertussis vaccine is usually administered in combination with toxoids of Diphtheria and tetanus (DTaP). The pertussis vaccine is primarily important for children, preteens, pregnant women, and adults who have never received it, what doses of this vaccine are recommended for children under six years ...

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an extremely contagious respiratory tract infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis.

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly infectious, nationally notifiable* respiratory disease associated with prolonged cough illness and paroxysms of coughing, inspiratory whoop, or posttussive vomiting. Reported pertussis cases have tripled in the United States since 2001, with 25,616 probable or confirmed cases reported in 2005 (Figure 1). This increase has been attributed to increased circulation of Bordetella pertussis, waning vaccine-induced immunity among adults and adolescents, heightened awareness of pertussis among health-care providers, increased public health reporting, and increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for diagnosis (1). To minimize the spread of pertussis, control measures must be implemented early in the course of illness when the risk for transmission is highest. However, diagnosis of pertussis is complicated by nonspecific signs and symptoms, particularly in the early catarrhal stage of disease. In addition, the lack of rapid, sensitive, and ...

Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are the causal agents of whooping cough in humans. They produce diverse virulence factors, including adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly), a secreted toxin of the repeat in toxins (RTX) family with cyclase, pore-forming, and hemolytic activities. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for the biological activities of the toxin produced by B. pertussis. In this study, we compared AC-Hly toxins from various clinical isolates of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, focusing on (i) the genomic sequences of cyaA genes, (ii) the PTMs of partially purified AC-Hly, and (iii) the cytotoxic activity of the various AC-Hly toxins. The genes encoding the AC-Hly toxins of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis displayed very limited polymorphism in each species. Most of the sequence differences between the two species were found in the C-terminal part of the protein. Both toxins harbored PTMs, mostly corresponding to palmitoylations of the lysine 860 residue

Conventional pertussis vaccine prepared from killed whole cell B. pertussis organisms has been in widespread use since the early 1950s. Despite marked reductions in the incidence of pertussis, the use of the vaccine has caused concern because of questions of significant adverse reactions. Whooping cough is not notifiable in South Africa, and there is consequently a paucity of hard data on efficacy; in addition few cases are proven. Incidence, prevalence, severity and transmission of the disease hence remain a matter of conjecture. In order to provide background information and determine baseline data for undertaking further studies, available clinical and epidemiological data on whooping cough (pertussis) in South Africa was collated. It was intended to compare the pattern of disease seen in this country with that known in other parts of the world. Clinical and epidemiological findings from 1525 whooping cough admissions (diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria) obtained from 6 major ...

PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH) If your child has had or develops any of the symptoms listed below, please contact your childs medical provider. Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease. However, even children who have been immunized against pertussis are susceptible to infection. Pertussis is most severe in the first year of life, particularly for pre-term infants.. School policy excludes children from school until antibiotic treatment has started. In the case of pertussis, 5 days of antibiotic therapy must be completed before the child may return to school. The child should be feeling well and the cough should be manageable prior to return to school. The full course of antibiotics must be completed to prevent relapse. If antibiotics are not given or not completed, the child may be excluded for 21 days from the onset of the cough. A note from the physician may be requested for return to school. CAUSATIVE AGENT: A bacterium, Bordetella pertussis.. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Symptoms usually start with a ...

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough is a serious respiratory illness. It is an infection that often mimics a common cold in the beginning, but can progress quickly, especially in young infants and children. Pertussis is also known as whooping cough. This is because patients often have violent, rapid coughing fits, leaving them to loudly inhale as they try to refill their lungs with air. View more information about Pertussis.. Pertussis is very contagious and spreads rapidly, usually before a patients cough even develops. A vaccine is available against pertussis. Children receive the vaccine in their normal childhood series of Diptheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (DTAP) shots, but are not fully protected until age five. An adolescent booster is due at age 11 to 12, before a student enters 7th grade. Adults often pass the pertussis infection on to their children, since their immunity has waned from their own childhood immunizations.. A one-time booster of the pertussis vaccine (given in ...

As of July 14, 2015, whooping cough cases in Clark County, Washington have increased eleven-fold, resulting in health officials announcing that outbreak levels have been reached [1]. Thus far in 2015, Clark County has reported 240 cases of whooping cough, leaving the county on track to mirror its whooping cough outbreak of 2012 [2]. In 2012, an estimated 5,000 individuals fell ill to the disease across Washington State, and this years statewide totals have already surpassed 860 cases [2].. About Whooping Cough. Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory illness [3]. Caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis, the disease is transmitted person-to-person through coughing and sneezing and close contact with others [3]. Infants are at greatest risk of whooping cough infection, as they are unable to receive the vaccine until at least six months old [6].. Whooping cough infection progresses through three stages: catarrhal stage, paroxysmal stage, and convalescent ...

23 August 2016. Taranaki DHB confirmed today that two children aged less than 6 months old have developed whooping cough and a total of 37 people have been notified with the disease in Taranaki, so far this year. Most cases are in older people and the average age being 27 years old.. Dr Jonathan Jarman said, Whooping Cough is a frightening disease, particularly for babies and young children who might go blue or stop breathing during coughing attacks and many need to be hospitalised.. Whooping Cough can be life-threatening as complications are highest in this very young age group. Also, children who are unimmunised are at especially high risk of infection, he added.. Whooping cough (or pertussis) is a highly contagious illness that is caused by a bacterium (Bordetella pertussis). It is spread by an infected person through droplets produced during coughing or sneezing, which is why it is important to keep babies away from people with coughs and to avoid coughing on babies.. Symptoms start with ...

Looking for Bordetella? Find out information about Bordetella. A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are coccobacilli and obligate aerobes, and fail to ferment carbohydrates. These bacteria are respiratory pathogens.... Explanation of Bordetella

Compliance Statement A: For laboratory developed tests using a manufacturer labeled ASR as the reagent providing the specificity of the assay. Analyte Specific Reagent. This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by ARUP Laboratories. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved or cleared this test; however, the FDA has determined that such clearance or approval is not necessary ...

Dr Rizwan Uppal, the founder of IDC, believed that proper and timely diagnosis is the key to successful treatment. An all under one roof diagnostic service with the name of Islamabad Diagnostic Center (IDC) Pvt. Ltd was established in the beautiful City of Islamabad more than a decade ago.. This brain child of Dr Rizwan was not possible without the support of his two brothers and Executive directors, Dr Rehan Uppal and Dr Imran Uppal. Since the day of inception, Dr Rehan has been a great assistance and immense help in IDC progress and evolution. IDCs main strength lies in use of state of the art technology, in the hands of qualified and experienced team of doctors and technologist on 24/7 basis. There is still no such setup of equivalent scale and quality in Pakistan.. IDC is one facility where both laboratory and Radiology services. The widest spectrum of in house laboratory tests and imaging investigations are available nowhere, other than at IDC. To further widen the services of rare but ...

Pertussis (whooping cough) is a respiratory tract infection characterized by a paroxysmal cough. The most common causative organism is Bordetella pertussis (see the image below), though Bordetella parapertussis has also been associated with this condition in humans.

The push for family members and young children to rush and get their DTaP shot is certainly unwarranted when one looks at the many well-documented cases of vaccine failure in communities that experienced record numbers of whooping cough cases. In 1996 there was a statewide outbreak of pertussis in Vermont where vaccination rates were among the highest in the country and yet 97 percent of affected children 19-35 months of age had received the recommended number of vaccines. [3] More recently, The Star-Ledger reported on February 11, 2009 of a pertussis outbreak in 21 fully vaccinated children in Hunterdon county, New Jersey.[4] Closer to home, in Toronto, Ontario, from October 2005 to March 2006, a laboratory-confirmed outbreak of pertussis occurred in fully-vaccinated preschool children.[5] Even the British Medical Journal reported on a study revealing that 55 of the 64 children who presented seriological evidence of a recent Bordetella pertussis infection had been fully vaccinated.[6 ...

© 2017 American College of Chest Physicians Background Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly infective cause of cough that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Existing case definitions include paroxysmal cough, whooping, and posttussive vomiting, but diagnosis can be difficult. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of clinical characteristics of pertussis-associated cough. Methods We systematically searched CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and SCI-EXPANDED/CPCI-S up to June 2016. Eligible studies compared clinical characteristics in those positive and negative for Bordetella pertussis infection, confirmed by laboratory investigations. Two authors independently completed screening, data extraction, and quality and bias assessments. For each characteristic, RevMan was used to produce descriptive forest plots. The bivariate meta-analysis method was used to generate pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Results Of 1,969 identified papers, 53 were included. Forty-one clinical characteristics

BACKGROUND: Few data exist describing pertussis epidemiology among infants and children in low- and middle-income countries to guide preventive strategies. METHODS: Children 1-59 months of age hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia in 7 African and Asian countries and similarly aged community controls were enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study. They underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and provided nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and induced sputum (cases only) for Bordetella pertussis polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors and pertussis-associated clinical findings were identified. RESULTS: Bordetella pertussis was detected in 53 of 4200 (1.3%) cases and 11 of 5196 (0.2%) controls. In the age stratum 1-5 months, 40 (2.3% of 1721) cases were positive, all from African sites, as were 8 (0.5% of 1617) controls. Pertussis-positive African cases 1-5 months old, compared to controls, were more often human

In addition, if the trends continue through the end of this year, which they are likely to do, this will be the highest incidence of pertussis in almost 50 years. These numbers are not in question, but there is some discussion about what, exactly, is causing it.. The tempting conclusion is that pertussis is making its way back into the population due largely to vaccine refusal and anti-vaccine propaganda. However, there is yet no data to support that conclusion. It may or may not be the case - we will know once a more thorough analysis is done of the individual cases of pertussis. And in any case, there are many factors at work.. First, pertussis has a natural tendency to cycle every 5 years or so, and this year is the peak of the cycle. This is certainly a significant part of the increase this year, regardless of other contributors.. In addition, the lack of vaccine-induced immunity is also playing a role, but not necessarily from vaccine refusal. Pertussis is a very contagious illness, partly ...

Bordetella Vaccines - Bordetella vaccines will ensure your pet doesnt come down with kennel cough. Learn more about bordetella vaccines and treatments.

Definition of Bordet-Gengou phenomenon. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and definitions.

Atack JM, Srikhanta YN, Fox KL, Jurcisek JA, Clark TA, Boitano M, Power PM, Jen FE-C, McEwan AG, Grimmond SM, Smith AL, Barenkamp SJ, Korlach J, Bakaletz LO, Jennings MP. A biphasic epigenetic switch controls immunoevasion, virulence and niche adaptation in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Nat Commun. (January 0.): -.. Ompremcak LB, Rheins MS.. Scanning electron microscopy of mouse ciliated oviduct and tracheal epithelium infected in vitro with Bordetella pertussis. Can J Microbiol. Vol. 29, (January 1982.): 415-420.. Bakaletz LO, Rheins MS.. A whole-organ perfusion model of Bordetella pertussis adherence to mouse tracheal epithelium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. Vol. 21, no. 6. (January 1985.): 314-320.. Bakaletz LO, DeMaria TF, Lim DJ.. Effect of preopsonization on phagocytosis of Haemophilus influenzae. Arch Otolaryngol. Vol. 113, no. 5. (January 1987.): 526-529.. Lim DJ, DeMaria TF, Bakaletz LO.. Functional morphology of the tubotympanum related to otitis media: a review. Am J Otol. ...

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PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

기관지염(氣管支炎, bronchitis)은 폐의 기관지에 생기는 염증이다.[1] 증상으로는 가래, 천명, 호흡 곤란, 가슴의 불편함 등이 있다.[1] 기관지염은 급성 및 만성 두 종류로 분류된다.[1] 급성 기관지염은 기침 감기로도 알려져 있다.[1] 급성 기관지염은 보통 3 주 정도 지속적으로 기침을 한다.[2] 원인의 90 % 이상이 바이러스 감염이다.[2] 이 바이러스는 기침을 통해, 혹은 직접적인 접촉을 통해 공중에 퍼질 수 있다.[1] 흡연, 먼지 및 기타 대기 오염에 대한 노출이 위험 요인이다.[1] 폐렴미코플라스마(Mycoplasma pneumoniae) 나 백일해균(Bordetella pertussis)과 같은 박테리아나 고농도의 대기 오염에 의한 경우도 소량 존재한다.[2][3]급성 기관지염의 치료에는 일반적으로 휴식, paracetamol (acetaminophen) 및 NSAIDs가 발열에 도움이 된다.[4][5] 만성 기관지염은 적어도 2 년 동안, 1 년에 3 ...

Adequately sensitive and specific methods to diagnose pertussis in adolescents and adults are not widely available. Currently, no Food and Drug Administration approved diagnostic assays are available for the serodiagnosis of Bordetella pertussis. Since concentrations of B. pertussis-specific antibodies tend to be high during the later-phases of disease, a simple, rapid, easily transferable serodiagnostic test was developed. This paper describes test development, initial evaluation of a prototype kit enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an inter-laboratory collaborative study, and the analytical validation. The data presented here demonstrate that the kit met all pre-specified criteria for precision, linearity, and accuracy for samples with anti-pertussis toxin (PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations in the range of 50 to 150 ELISA units (EU)/mL, the range believed to be most relevant for serodiagnosis. The assay met the precision and linearity criteria for a wider range, ...

Grandmother is portrayed as the big bad wolf in a whooping cough vaccine PSA.,br /, ,br /, A killer infectious disease called Pertussis is a bacterial infection that causes whooping cough. Vaccines had brought the numbers of cases down dramatically, but now theyre on the rise again and Texas Biomed animals and scientists are involved in the search for something better to treat this health problem that kills more than a hundred thousand infants a year.,br /, ,br /, Pertussis has seen an alarming resurgence in the last decade. Thats surprising, given that a vaccine for this infectious disease has existed since the 1930s. The original vaccine, made with whole-cell killed Bordetella pertussis bacteria, was very effective but associated with some adverse events. A newer acellular pertussis vaccine with fewer adverse events was approved by the FDA in 1997. Recent epidemiological studies have found, however, that the immunity conferred by the new vaccine wears out during adolescence. Thats a ...

The abilities of cysteine-containing compounds to support growth of and influence pertussis toxin transcription, assembly, and secretion were examined. source of cysteine; however, in the absence of reduced glutathione, pertussis toxin was not efficiently secreted. Addition of the reducing agent dithiothreitol was unable to compensate for the lack of reduced glutathione and did not promote secretion of pertussis toxin. These results suggest that reduced glutathione does not affect the accumulation of assembled active pertussis toxin in the periplasm but plays a role in efficient pertussis toxin secretion by the bacterium. Pertussis toxin is a major virulence factor of heat-labile toxin, and Shiga toxin. Pertussis toxin has the most complex structure of any bacterial toxin (18, 20, 24). It is assembled from six subunits encoded by five genes, to encodes the structural gene for the A-subunit, which is an ADP-ribosyltransferase. S1 modifies mammalian G-proteins, which play a critical role in ...

Before Canadas public pertussis vaccine program, incidence of the disease averaged 156 cases per 100 000 people. In contrast, with a vaccination program, the number of new cases ranged from 2 per 100 000 in 2011 to 13.9 in 2012. Most cases are in under-immunized populations. The current whooping cough vaccine (an acellular vaccine) has been used in Canada since 1997 and is also used in the rest of North America, Australia, New Zealand and much of Europe. The whole-cell vaccine was discontinued in North America because of adverse reactions in children, which included soreness at the injection site and fevers. The current study analyzed public health laboratory data linked with population-level vaccination data for a total of 5867 people born between 1992 and 2013, with 486 individuals testing positive for pertussis and the remaining 5381 testing negative. The researchers found that immunity was high during the first three years after vaccination but there was little protection after seven ...

Previous research in several countries has shown that Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) infection is an endemic disease among adolescents and adults. Data also shows that neither infection nor immunisation results in lifelong immunity. Yet general practitioners in the UK seldom diagnose or even consider pertussis in older children. It is perceived as a disease of very young children who have not been immunised and who have classic features such as whoop ...

As a pediatric infectious disease specialist, I find it troubling that this study may be used as an excuse not to vaccinate parents and other contacts of young infants. First, the findings do not necessarily apply to areas experiencing high rates of pertussis outbreaks. The report also does not consider communities with a large Hispanic population. When compared with other ethnicities in the United States, Hispanic infants are known to have higher rates of infection and death from pertussis. This is a critical point when looking at a state like Texas, where nearly 40 percent of the population is Hispanic. Since 2000, 34 Texas babies have died from pertussis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognize that cocooning is needed because even if infants receive antibodies from their mother, these antibodies fade away before the infant has had three doses of pertussis vaccine, given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Cocooning is also needed to protect infants born prematurely before the ...

LUBBOCK, TX (KCBD) - The City of Lubbock Health Department would like to notify citizens and clinicians of an increase in Pertussis cases this spring. There have been 22 reported cases in Lubbock County so far in 2010. There were 29 total reported cases of Pertussis in 2009.. Pertussis cases generally increase in the spring and fall months. Pertussis, which is also known as Whooping Cough, is spread by infected persons coughing or sneezing while in close contact with others, who then breathe in the Pertussis bacteria. Many infants who get pertussis are infected by older siblings or parents who might not even know they have the disease.. Pertussis can cause serious illness in children and adults. The disease starts like the common cold, with runny nose or congestion, sneezing, and sometimes mild cough or fever. The cough worsens, becoming severe after 1-2 weeks. Children with the disease cough violently and rapidly, over and over, until the air is gone from their lungs and theyre forced to ...

The Department of Public Health and Social Services (DPHSS) received a laboratory confirmed case of Pertussis (whooping cough) in a 7-month-old child. Epidemiologic investigation of the case to determine possible source of exposure has been initiated.. Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella Pertussis. Unimmunized or incompletely immunized young infants are particularly vulnerable. It is primarily spread by direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat of infected individuals. It is essential that children receive all their vaccinations on time to prevent this disease.. The DPHSS continues to encourage parents to protect their infants and young children by minimizing exposure (close contact) to persons who have cold symptoms or cough illness. In addition, it is essential that children receive all their shots on time to prevent and control this disease. All physicians are advised to routinely check the immunization status of their ...

Whooping Cough is an acute infection of the respiratory tract, seen only in children. It is typically a prolonged illness with an average duration of 6-8 weeks. The incubation period is 7-10 days. Anyone can get whooping cough, but the health effects are usually much worse for children less than a year old. In Canada, whooping cough now kills one to three infants per year, usually those who are unvaccinated, or under-vaccinated. With proper care, most teenagers and adults recover from whooping cough without complications. Whooping cough is more serious in children, especially infants younger than 6 months of age. Whooping cough - known medically as pertussis -is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. Pertussis, also called whooping cough, is caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria and is extremely contagious. Before a vaccine was available, pertussis killed 5,000 to 10,000 people in the United States each year. In the more advanced stages, its marked by the symptom that gives the ...

In the last week, we have seen a couple of little ones show up with confirmed cases of whooping cough.. Whooping cough, or pertussis, is an infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bordetella pertussis bacteria. It starts out looking like the common cold-runny nose, fever, mild cough. This is then followed by severe coughing fits, sometimes with the characteristic whoop sound at the end of the fit. These coughing fits can go on for 10 weeks, giving it the nickname the 100-day cough.. You can hear the sounds of pertussis here.. But…I thought we had vaccines for pertussis?. Whooping cough is actually the second most common infectious childhood disease in Canada, after influenza. Its endemic, meaning its always around, but it usually doesnt show itself much-just in minor periodic outbreaks.. This isnt unusual-the vaccine isnt perfect. Its estimated to have about an 80-85% effectiveness after three doses, and that effectiveness wears off over time. As a result, whooping cough ...