TY - JOUR. T1 - Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. AU - Khatri, M.. AU - Sharma, J. M.. PY - 2007/7/1. Y1 - 2007/7/1. N2 - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. This viruscauses an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing IgM-bearing B cells. Although B cells are the principal targets for IBDV, recent data show that the virus also infects macrophages. IBDV-infected macrophages produce various cytokines and chemokines which may play an important role in the protection and/or pathogenesis of IBDV. In this review, the modulatory effects of IBDV on macrophages will be discussed.. AB - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious ...

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens between 3 and 6 weeks of age. It is caused by infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) which occursworldwide affecting livelihoods of resource - compromised poor communities. In Zambia, there is scantily documented information on the epidemiology of IBD. In-depth knowledge on the epidemiology of IBD is needed for effective control measures. This study aimed at molecular detection of circulating IBDV strains, andknowledge assessment of farmers about the disease in Ndola, Kitwe, Kalulushi, Luanshya and Mufulira districts of the Copperbelt province. A cross-sectional purposive study was carried out in the Copperbelt province from February to March, 2015 to determine the occurrence of IBD. The identification of IBDV was done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the hypervariable domain (VP2-HVR). A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 77 respondents who presented poultry ...

詹明才。1992。農桿菌轉殖水稻系統的建立。國立台灣大學農藝學研究所博士論文。 Alvarez, M.L., Pinyerd, H.L., Topal, E. and Cardineau, G.A. 2008. P19-dependent and P19-independent reversion of F1-V gene silencing in tomato.Plant Molecular Biology 68:61-79. Angel, C.A., Hsieh, Y.C., Schoelz, J.E. 2011. Comparative analysis of the capacity of tombusvirus P22 and P19 proteins to function as avirulence determinants in Nicotiana species. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 24:91-99. Arnold, M., Durairaj, V., Mundt, E., Schulze, K., Breunig, K.D., Behrens, S.E.2012. Protective vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus with whole recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis yeast expressing the viral VP2 subunit. PLoS ONE 7:e42870. Azad, A. A. Mckern, N. M., Macreadie, I. G., Failla, P., Heine, H. G., Chapman, A., Ward, C. W., Fahey, K. J. 1991. Physicochemical and immunological characterization of recombinant host-protective antigen (VP2) of infectious bursal disease ...

The nucleotide sequence of genome segment A cDNA of the STC strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was determined and compared with sequences of the homologous genome segment of the 002-73 strain of IBDV and the Jasper strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The STC-IBDV genome segment A was determined to be 3262 base pairs (bp), which is close to the estimated total length of 3300 bp for genome segment A in IBDV, although there is no proof that it is the real length of this genome segment. The STC-IBDV genome segment A contains two major overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The large ORF of 3036 bp predicts a polyprotein of M r 109358, whereas the small ORF is 435 bp and predicts a protein of M r 16550 in STC-IBDV. STC-IBDV and 002-73-IBDV polyproteins are closely related (97.4% amino acid homology). Most of the amino acid mismatches are in VP2 sequences, mainly within the area of the conformation-dependent epitope. Comparison with the Jasper-IPNV polyprotein reveals levels

Recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. This phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) between wild birds and domestic poultry. To this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four species of free-living Egyptian wild birds (i.e. mallard duck, bean goose, white-fronted goose and black-billed magpie). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of three positive isolates revealed that the IBDV/USC-1/2019 strain clustered with previously reported very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) Egyptian isolates. Interestingly, two other wild bird-origin isolates (i.e. IBDV/USC-2/2019 and IBDV/USC-3/2019) grouped with a vaccine strain that is being used in commercial poultry. In conclusion, our results revealed the ...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that infects the B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, causing Gumboro disease. The IBDV 114 kDa polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) is thought to be processed at 512Ala-Ala513 and 755Ala-Ala756 through the proteolytic activity of VP4, a serine protease which uses a Ser/Lys catalytic dyad, to release pVP2, VP4 and VP3. Precursor VP2 (pVP2) is further processed at its C-terminus to generate VP2 and structural peptides through the cleavage of the 441Ala-Phe442, 487Ala-Ala488, 494Ala-Ala495 and 501Ala-Ala502 peptide bonds to release VP2 and four structural peptides, pep46, pep7a, pep7b and pep11. While the processing at the 441Ala-Phe442 site was shown to be mediated by the endopeptidase activity of VP2, the processing at the other two sites is not well understood. The products resulting from the processing of the IBDV polyprotein were previously identified by anti-VP2 and anti-VP3 antibodies. The present study used anti-VP4 ...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a chicken pathogen that infects the bursa of Fabricius, an organ involved in the development of the immune system in chickens. Infection by the virus leads to destruction of the bursa and immunosuppression. Infection by virulent strains may result in mortality. Current methods to combat the virus involve the use of vaccines. These are usually a mixture of live attenuated and oil inactivated virus. Variant strains of the virus are able to escape the vaccine-generated antibodies. In addition, the vaccines result in damage to the bursa. Identification of a receptor for IBDV could result in the development of either treatment for the virus or superior vaccines by interfering with the attachment of the virus to host cells. Several methods for identifying IBDV binding proteins from the membranes of cells from the bursa of Fabricius were examined. Affinity chromatography of IBDV binding proteins with a matrix consisting of IBDV cross-linked to Sepharose 4B ...

Read Infectivity and propagation of attenuated infectious bursal disease virus in the chicken B-lymphocyte cell line DT40, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Testing by the egg and poultry industries, Biosecurity New Zealand and a specialist overseas laboratory confirmed the presence of the chicken virus infectious bursal disease virus type 1 (IBDV-1) in layer hens at a South Island egg farm in September 2019.. The likely presence of the disease was first picked up by Mainland Poultry at its Waikouaiti farm in Otago through its regular, voluntary testing routine. No birds at the farm have shown any signs of sickness due to IBDV-1 infection. Results of testing from Mainland Poultrys Hillgrove site returned positive at this location. No other properties appear to be affected.. IBDV-1 was previously discovered in New Zealand in 1993. An industry-led programme has allowed New Zealand to claim absence from the disease. The virus is present in many other countries and they successfully manage it. ...

The study aimed to identify putative virulence determinants for the exotic poultry pathogen infectious bursal disease virus. Results suggest that three specific amino acids in viral protein 2 influence viral pathogenicity, and as a consequence these were exploited for the development of two new molecular diagnostic assays that are currently undergoing evaluation ...

Read Efficient rescue of infectious bursal disease virus using a simplified RNA polymerase II-based reverse genetics strategy, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) alters host genomic methylation patterns. Here the implications for viral release and immunosuppression

REAL, right upper lobe, apical segment (B1), posterior segment (B2), anterior segment (B3), right middle lobe (or more correctly - just middle lobe), lateral segment (B4), medial segment (B5), right lower lobe superior segment (B6), medial segment (B7), anterior segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment , left upper lobe, apicoposterior segment (B1/2), anterior segment (B3), superior lingular segment (B4), inferior lingular segment (B5), left lower lobe, superior segment (B6), anteromedial segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment (B10), 3d, model, .stl, printable ...

Infectious bursal disease, IBD (also known as Gumboro disease, infectious bursitis and infectious avian nephrosis) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), characterized by immunosuppression and mortality generally at 3 to 6 weeks of age. The disease was first discovered in Gumboro, Delaware in 1962. It is economically important to the poultry industry worldwide due to increased susceptibility to other diseases and negative interference with effective vaccination. In recent years, very virulent strains of IBDV (vvIBDV), causing severe mortality in chicken, have emerged in Europe, Latin America, South-East Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Infection is via the oro-fecal route, with affected bird excreting high levels of the virus for approximately 2 weeks after infection. IBDV is a double stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae. There are two distinct serotypes of the ...

PROPAGATION OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS IN FISH CELL CULTURES. M. Maistrenko1, Yu. Rud2, L. Buchatsky1,2. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. 1Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 60, Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine. 2Institute of Fisheries of NAAS, 135, Obukhivska str., 03164, Kyiv, Ukraine. The reproduction of the Ukrainian isolate of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) «Carpathians» in fish continuous cell cultures of RTG-2, FHM and EPC was investigated. All three cell lines were sensitive to virus. IPNV caused morphological changes, such as vacuole enlargements and cells rounding. Subsequently cells scaled from a surface and characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) of virus on cells was visible. For cell lines of RTG-2 and FHM the complete destruction of monolayer was noted on 7-8 day after infection (d.a.i.). For culture of EPC characteristic CPE and complete destruction of cell monolayer were marked ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Antigenicity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 subviral particles expressed in yeast. AU - Allnutt, F. C.Thomas. AU - Bowers, Robert M.. AU - Rowe, Christopher G.. AU - Vakharia, Vikram N.. AU - LaPatra, Scott E.. AU - Dhar, Arun K.. PY - 2007/6/21. Y1 - 2007/6/21. N2 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus, the etiologic agent of infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. The gene for the viral capsid protein (VP2) was cloned into a yeast expression vector and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Expression of the capsid gene in yeast resulted in formation of ∼20 nm subviral particles composed solely of VP2 protein. Anti-IPNV antibodies were detected in rainbow trout vaccinated either by injection of purified VP2-subviral particles (rVP2-SVP) or by feeding recombinant yeast expressing rVP2-SVP. Challenge of rVP2-SVP immunized trout with a heterologous IPNV strain and subsequent viral load ...

Yousif AA, Mohammad WA, Khodeir MH, Zeid AZ, el-Sanousi AA, Saber MS, Reda IM. 2006, Egypt J Immunol. 13(2):85-94.Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most

Two serotypes have been identified in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the family Birnaviridae. A reverse genetics system was used for generation of chimeras in genome segment A of the two serotypes, in which the complete viral VP5 gene and 3′ noncoding region (NCR), or parts thereof, were exchanged. The engineered viruses were characterized in vitro and in vivo in comparison to serotype I and II IBDV. Our results show that IBDV chimeras exhibit a different phenotype in cell culture compared to the wild-type viruses. In in vitro-cultivated bursal-derived cells, chimeric viruses infected B lymphocytes, as does serotype I IBDV. Surprisingly, serotype II virus was also able to infect in vitro-cultivated bursal cells, but these were neither B lymphocytes nor macrophages. After infection of susceptible chickens all chimeras replicated in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), and three chimeric viruses caused mild depletion of bursal cells. In contrast, after infection of chickens with a chimeric

Two different real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection approaches based on SYBR Green I dye and Taqman probe based assays were developed for the detection and differentiation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) subtypes. Both approaches were able to detect and differentiate IBDV subtypes based on the use of subtype-specific primers or subtype-specific probes where the primers were designed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) concept. After optimization of the primer combinations and PCR parameters, very virulent-specific primer, IF & IVIR, and classical-specific primer, IF & RCLA were used in the SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR assay. Plasmid DNA carrying the VP4 gene of the references IBDV strains: very virulent strain UPM94/273 and classical strain D78 were established and used as positive controls in the real time RT-PCR. The developed assay had a dynamic detection limit which spans over 5 log10 concentration range for very virulent and spans over 7 log10 ...

The present invention relates to a non pathogenic vaccine comprising a recombinant Infectious Bursal Disease virus that includes a recombinant Segment A, designated as rD78GLSNSΔ, that includes sequences from D78 and GLS strains and wherein the NS protein is not expressed.

Materials and methods. The bursae obtained from clinically normal indigenous scavenging chickens and IBD-confirmed dead broiler chickens from different farms were smeared directly onto separate filter papers, fixed with 99% ethanol and transported to Japan for molecular characterisation, as described previously (Kasanga et al. 2008; Maw et al. 2006).Total RNA was isolated from the bursal tissues fixed on filter papers and first-strand complementary DNAs were synthesised as described in a previous report (Kasanga et al. 2008). The VP2-HVRs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the V1forward primer (5-CCAGAGTCTACACCATAA-3) and V2 reverse primer (3-TAGAAAGAGTGGCAACAGG-5) (Yamaguchi et al. 2007). The PCR products were cloned into the plasmid pGEM-T-Easy vector (Promega, Madison WI, USA) and cloned DNAs were sequenced at the Dragon Genomics Center (TAKARA Bio, Mie, Japan) using a Templiphi DNA sequencing Template Amplification Kit, DYEnamic ET dye terminator kit, and ...

Materials and methods. The bursae obtained from clinically normal indigenous scavenging chickens and IBD-confirmed dead broiler chickens from different farms were smeared directly onto separate filter papers, fixed with 99% ethanol and transported to Japan for molecular characterisation, as described previously (Kasanga et al. 2008; Maw et al. 2006).Total RNA was isolated from the bursal tissues fixed on filter papers and first-strand complementary DNAs were synthesised as described in a previous report (Kasanga et al. 2008). The VP2-HVRs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the V1forward primer (5-CCAGAGTCTACACCATAA-3) and V2 reverse primer (3-TAGAAAGAGTGGCAACAGG-5) (Yamaguchi et al. 2007). The PCR products were cloned into the plasmid pGEM-T-Easy vector (Promega, Madison WI, USA) and cloned DNAs were sequenced at the Dragon Genomics Center (TAKARA Bio, Mie, Japan) using a Templiphi DNA sequencing Template Amplification Kit, DYEnamic ET dye terminator kit, and ...

Methods. Construction of the scFv Bacterial Displaying Library against Vp2. Immunization of Chicken: Three specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized by intra-ocular administration of IBDV vaccine strain B-87 in the dose of 107pfu, the chickens were boosted one week later by intra-muscular injection with 0.5ml of formalin-inactivated preparation of B-87 emulsified with an equal volume of Freunds incomplete adjuvant. Four weeks after the secondary vaccination, the titer of immune serum was determined by ELISA, chickens were euthanized and spleens were collected for extraction of RNA by Trizol.. cdna Synthesis from Spleen Total Rna of The Immunized Chicken. Splenocytes were isolated from the immunized chicken for RNA extraction, and total RNA was extractd using Trizol. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA sample using Superscript II (Invitrogen) and random hexamer oligonucleotide pimers (2 μg). Construction of scFv library. Primers for scFv designed based on the variable region gene ...

Learn about the veterinary topic of Infectious Bursal Disease in Poultry. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.

Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira has completed a study conducted in fish farms between 2000 and 2015 to determine the genetic characteristics of the virus that causes infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in fish. IPN is a viral disease which causes financial losses in aquaculture across the world. The mortality rate caused by the IPN virus in Finnish fish farms has so far remained low. The disease is not contagious to humans and fish are not used as food at the juvenile stage when they are vulnerable to the disease.. As the disease is highly contagious, it is important to determine any potential changes in the genome of the virus to facilitate the monitoring of the spreading of the disease and to prevent spreading both in the wild and in fish farms. The viral disease is particularly found in juvenile salmonids e.g. rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, but other fish species can also become infected.. Since 1987, the IPN virus has been found every year in asymptomatic fish in the Finnish sea ...

Thinking about what has changed since the 1980s when although IPNV could be found in fish the actual disease condition was very rare. Over the last 2 decades considerable advances have been made in feed and feeding strategies, photoperiod manipulation and light exposure per se for salmon fry have produced smolting fish at different times of the year and much faster (I hesitate to say better) growth. In land-based freshwater rearing systems with the introduction of oxygen injection the stocking density has increased significantly in a number of farms; along with baseline carbon dioxide levels. So it could be argued that salmon in the 21st century are more highly stressed than their counterpart from the 20th Century. A bit like finely tuned athletes walking a fine line between health and disease susceptibility. Elite human athletes often fall prey to opportunistic and exotic pathogens such as colds and Epstein-Barr virus, the cause of Infectious mononucleosis or alternatively known as the ...

Cleavage sites.Two IPNV VP4 cleavage sites, located at the pVP2-VP4 and VP4-VP3 junctions, were identified by N-terminal sequence analysis of cleavage products produced in E. coli and probed by site-directed mutagenesis. They are characterized by the Ser-X-Ala↓Ser-Gly motif. Two other additional cleavage sites in the carboxyl part of pVP2 (P1 and P′1 positions 486 and 487 and positions 495 and 496) were first identified by sequence comparison (Fig. 10). The P1 and the P′2 residues appeared to be conserved as an alanine and a glycine, respectively. The P3 serine residue can substitute to a threonine (cleavage site positions 486 and 487), whereas the P′1 serine residue was notably substituted to an alanine. The cleavage between pVP2 and VP4 was abolished only when the Ala-Ser 508-509 and the two Ala-Ala 495-496 and 486-487 pairs were mutated together. These observations do not prove definitively the existence (and the functionality) of these two additional cleavage sites. However, these ...

Genome replication is a critical step in virus life cycles. Here, we analyzed the role of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP3, a major component of ...

EVAg is a non profit organisation with expertise in virology to amplify, characterise, standardise, authenticate, distribute and track viruses and derived products.

Simply ask us ! One of the most interesting features of EVAgs catalogue is its flexibility, please do not hesitate to contact us by using our contact form. We can add to the catalogue tailor-made products on demand, as well as access to plateforms, or services. With the large panel of virology laboratories in our consortium, there are good chances that we would have what you are looking for. If you are interested in acquiring cell-lines, please visit this page: access-cell-lines.. If you are interested in acquiring insect vectors, please visit this page: access-insect-vectors.. ...

1. Fernandez R, Rojo F, Garcia H, Sanchez P, Martinez H, Menendez A, Ruiz H et al. Field efficacy in broiler chickens in Latin America of vHVT-013, a Mareks HVT vector vaccine expressing VP2 in infectious bursal disease virus. Oral presentation and abstract at the 15th congress of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, 2007; p199.. 2. Atienza JC, Nagera AJ, Martinez PO, Baysac ND, Castillo MT, Damaso VR, Lemière S. Evaluation of a herpesvirus of turkey vector vaccine inducing protection against infectious bursal and Mareks diseases (VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD) under Philippines field conditions. Oral presentation. XXIII World Poultry Congress, Brisbane, Australia. 2008. Article wpc0801684, 9 p.. 3. Garritty AT. The eff ect of vectored HVT+IBD (Vaxxitek® HVT + IBD) vaccination on body weights, uniformity and virus shedding in commercial broilers. Abstract. International Poultry Scientifi c Forum, Atlanta, 2011; p31.. 4. Godinho E, Pereira CJ, Fernandez A, Lemiere S. Case study of broiler chicken ...

Authors: Galloux, M.; Libersou, S.; Morellet, N.; Bouaziz, S.; Ouldali, M.; Da Costa, B.; Lepault, J.; Delmas, B.. Citation: Galloux, M.; Libersou, S.; Morellet, N.; Bouaziz, S.; Da Costa, B.; Ouldali, M.; Lepault, J.; Delmas, B.. Infectious bursal disease virus, a non-enveloped virus, possesses a capsid-associated peptide that deforms and perforates biological membranes J. Biol. Chem. 282, 20774-20784 (2007).. Assembly members: ...

This page contains information on veterinary pharmaceutical and biological products that are sold in several different countries and areas where they may be marketed under different trade names and pursuant to different regulatory approvals. Accordingly, ThePoultrySite and CEVA SANTE ANIMALE give no guarantee that the details presented are correct with respect to all locations ...

Abcam provides specific protocols for Anti-Infectious Bursal Disease (Standard) (IBD) antibody (ab31672) : Immunohistochemistry protocols, Immunocytochemistry…

The avian industry needs solutions tailored to both smaller farms and integrated global operations dealing with high animal counts and labour-intensive practices. Merials vaccines effectively target the sectors biggest health threats, such as Mareks disease, infectious bursal disease, and avian flu. But equally important, we focus on innovative drug delivery mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and on-site consulting to support these on complex businesses in on going challenges ...

For vaccination of healthy chickens 7 to 14 days of age, as an aid in the prevention of infectious bursal disease (IBD) and to maximize response to subsequent inactivated IBD vaccines.. ...

The 2.6-angstrom structure of infectious bursal disease virus-derived t=1 particles reveals new stabilizing elements of the virus capsid ...

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Pusat Agen Resmi Jual Melia Propolis dan Melia Biyang di PANDEGLANG Banten Selamat datang di pusat penjualan produk Melia Propolis dan Melia Biyang di

Infectious pancreatic disease (IPN) and pancreas disease (PD) of salmon are viral diseases caused by Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) (Birnaviridae) and Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) (Togaviridae). Both IPNV- and SAV infections induce lesions in pancreas tissue/cells and are frequently detected from the same individual; hence it is possible that the viruses target the same cell types and therefore might interfere with each other during such infections. In the present study, Chinook Salmon Embryo Cells (CHSE-214) were experimentally co-infected with SAV and IPNV and infections were studied by IFAT, real-time RT- PCR and by viral end-point titration. Real-time RT-PCR was also used to examine to what extent the viruses up-regulated key transcripts (IFN and Mx) in the cellular antiviral immune response. IFAT and end-point titration indicated that SAV to some extent inhibited IPNV replication , whereas IPNV did not affect SAV infections notably. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrated that ...

A cohabitation challenge model was developed for use in evaluating the efficacy of vaccines developed against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) using a stepwise approach. The study involved identifying a set of input variables that were optimized before inclusion in the model. Input variables identified included the highly virulent Norwegian Sp strain NVI015-TA encoding the T217A221 motif having the ability to cause |90% mortality and a hazard risk ratio of 490.18 (p|0.000) for use as challenge virus. The challenge dose was estimated at 1x107 TCID50/mL per fish while the proportion of virus shedders was estimated at 12.5% of the total number of fish per tank. The model was designed based on a three parallel tank system in which the Cox hazard proportional regression model was used to estimate the minimum number of fish required to show significant differences between the vaccinated and control fish in each tank. All input variables were optimized to generate

La bursite infectieuse aviaire (IBD) est une des causes majeures de pertes économiques pour lindustrie aviaire. La vaccination est le principal outil de contrôle de cette maladie et les oiseaux susceptibles doivent être vaccinés aussitôt que le niveau des anticorps maternels (MA) anti-IBDV est suffisamment bas. Lestimation du moment de vaccination est habituellement déterminée par la formule de Deventer qui utilise le titre initial de MA anti-IBDV et la demi-vie des anticorps pour prédire lévolution du titre. Dans la présente étude, leffet du gain de poids sur la vitesse de disparition des MA a été étudié dans le but de lutiliser pour prédire la détermination du moment de la vaccination. Lanalyse des taux danticorps neutralisants par ELISA a montré que les poussins avec une forte croissance avaient un taux de disparition plus rapide des MA que ceux à faible croissance. Une formule pour la prédiction du moment de vaccination contre le IBDV, basée sur le gain de poids ...

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) technique was used for the identification and characterization of Pakistani field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). A total of 8 bursa samples were collected from two outbreaks during September and October 2003 from Tehsil Sumandri, Dist. Faisalabad with 40-50% mortality in commercially reared broiler chicken flocks experiencing signs typical of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Four samples were found to contain IBDV genome by One Step RT-PCR using VP2 gene specific primers. The assay amplified a 743 bp fragment from 701-1444 nucleotides. RT-PCR product was further subjected to restriction digestion using MboI and MvaI restriction enzymes. A third enzyme SspI was used to identify the very virulent phenotype. The RFLP profile was found similar for all four isolates with MvaI enzyme but different for one isolate when digested with MboI. All three MvaI-positive viruses were ...

The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins: Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.[3] The large RNA segment, segment A, of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C) [4] that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion: VP2, VP3 (a minor structural component of the virus), and into the putative protease VP4.[4] VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3.[4] recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2.[5] Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is an important pathogen in fish farms. Analyses of viral proteins showed that VP2 is the major structural and immunogenic polypeptide of the virus.[6][7] All neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are specific to VP2 and bind to continuous or discontinuous ...

Viral capsids are metastable structures that perform many essential processes; they also act as robust cages during the extracellular phase. Viruses can use multifunctional proteins to optimize resources (e.g., VP3 in avian infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV). The IBDV genome is organized as ribonucleoproteins (RNP) of dsRNA with VP3, which also acts as a scaffold during capsid assembly. We characterized mechanical properties of IBDV populations with different RNP content (ranging from none to four RNP). The IBDV population with the greatest RNP number (and best fitness) showed greatest capsid rigidity. When bound to dsRNA, VP3 reinforces virus stiffness. These contacts involve interactions with capsid structural subunits that differ from the initial interactions during capsid assembly. Our results suggest that RNP dimers are the basic stabilization units of the virion, provide better understanding of multifunctional proteins, and highlight the duality of RNP as capsid-stabilizing and genetic ...

Immunosuppressive viruses are frequently found as co-infections in the chicken industry, potentially causing serious economic losses. Because traditional molecular biology methods have limited detection ability, a rapid, high-throughput method for the differential diagnosis of these viruses is needed. The objective of this study is to develop a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler Analyser-based multiplex PCR method (GeXP-multiplex PCR) for simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses. Using chimeric primers, eight such viruses, including Mareks disease virus (MDV), three subgroups of avian leucosis virus (ALV-A/B/J), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and avian reovirus (ARV), were amplified and identified by their respective amplicon sizes. The specificity and sensitivity of the optimised GeXP-multiplex PCR assay were evaluated, and the data demonstrated that this technique could selectively amplify

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an aquatic member of the Birnaviridae family that causes widespread disease in salmonids. IPNV is represented by multiple strains with markedly different virulence. Comparison of isolates reveals hyper variable regions (HVR), which are presumably associated with pathogenicity. However little is known about the rates and modes of sequence divergence and molecular mechanisms that determine virulence. Also how the host response may influence IPNV virulence is poorly described. In this study we compared two field isolates of IPNV (NFH-Ar and NFH-El). The sequence changes, replication and mortality were assessed following experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon. Gene expression analyses with qPCR and microarray were applied to examine the immune responses in head kidney. Significant differences in mortality were observed between the two isolates, and viral load in the pancreas at 13 days post infection (d p.i.) was more than 4 orders of magnitude ...

PULLMAN, Wash. (AP) - Researchers say a serious new form of a viral poultry disease has been found in Washington state.Infectious bursal disease virus, known as IBDV for short, is not known to infe...

Vet Parasitol. 2013 Feb 18;192(1-3):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.10.010. Epub 2012 Oct 23. Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt

VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD+ILT is the first vaccine to offer protection in one shot from Infectious Laryngotracheitis, Mareks Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health launched an innovative, first-of-its-kind vaccine in the United States to protect poultry from three diseases. VAXXITEK HVT+IBD+ILT is the first vaccine to offer protection in one shot from Infectious Laryngotracheitis, Mareks Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease (classic and variant types). This new trivalent vaccine provides a strong immune foundation, optimizes protection for flocks and offers reliable protection, said Matt Nelson, who . . .

Ol h, I., Magyar, A., Nagy, N., Horv th, E., Kov cs, A., Nagy, E. (2001): Effect of IBDV infection on the secretory dendritic cells. - In: van den Berg, T. (szerk.) EU Cost Action 839: International Symposium on Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anemia. Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxemburg, pp. 329-340 ...

Infectious Brusal Disease Virus Antibody Test Kit [IBD-2P] - Kit includes approximately 640 test samples plus controls, contains 5 microtiter plates. Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) affects primarily young chickens. The condition is considered economically significant due its ability to induce profound immunosuppression in chickens often resulting in susceptibility to secondary bacterial and viral infections. The symptoms include depression, anorexia, ruffled feathers, and

A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the rapid detection of equine coronavirus (ECoV). This assay was conducted at 60°C for 40min. Specificity of the RT-LAMP assay was confirmed using several equine intestinal and respiratory pathogens in addition to ECoV. The novel assay failed to cross-react with the other pathogens tested, suggesting i ...

VAXXITEK HVT+IBD+ILT is the first vaccine to offer protection in one shot from infectious laryngotracheitis, Mareks disease and infectious bursal disease

I, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, am serving as Editor on Archives of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ABB). I submitted an editorial titled, Edible vaccines to combat Infectious Bursal Disease of poultry for publication in ABB. After submitting the manuscript; the services rendered by the management and technical personnel to handle and process the manuscript were marvelous. Plagiarism report was shared with me with complements before reviewers comments, All steps including article processing and service charges were well taken care of keeping in view the authors interest/preference. All together, it was an encouraging and wonderful experience working with ABB personnel.. ...

Preparing for ABSITE Chair: Michael M. Awad, MD Faculty: Jeffrey Blatnik, MD; Amber Traugott, MD; and Adnan Alseidi, MD Program Outline: Welcome and Overview , Michael M. Awad, MD, PhD Esophagus, Stomach, Obesity , Michael M. Awad, MD, PhD General Abdomen, Hernia, Spleen , Jeffrey Blatnik, MD Colorectal & Anal Disease , Amber Traugott, MD […] ...

Does not work either. Also, your mailer destroys your patches. Le 20/02/2015 19:37, Steve Lhomme a écrit : , Heres one over the current master. Ill submit the other one after this , one is in, as it depends on it. , , --- , modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , 2 +- , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment.cpp , 12 ++++++------ , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment_parse.cpp , 14 +++++++------- , 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) , , diff --git a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , index 1feca55..21618f4 100644 , --- a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , +++ b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ matroska_stream_c , *demux_sys_t::AnalyseAllSegmentsFound( demux_t *p_demux, EbmlS , // find the families of this segment , KaxInfo *p_info = static_cast,KaxInfo*,(p_l1); , b_keep_segment = b_initial; , - if( unlikely( p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , + if( unlikely( p_info-,IsFiniteSize() && , p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , { , msg_Err( p_demux, KaxInfo ...

Line graphs showing the results of numerical simulation of the temporal evolution of the output power of a Tm3+:ZBLAN fiber laser and the temporal evolution of the energy level population of the Tm3+ ions ...