Laboratory: National Institute of Aging (NIA). Technology: Engineered biological pacemaker. Opportunity: The NIAs Cellular Biophysics Section is seeking statements of capability or interest from parties interested in collaborative research to further develop, evaluate, or commercialize biological pacemakers.. Details: The technology developed by NIA consists of biological pacemakers engineered to generate normal heart rhythm. These pacemakers are created by administering in vivo a viral vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an adenylyl cyclase into electrically excitable cardiomyocytes of the heart of a patient. Generation of rhythmic electric impulses involve coupling factors, such as cAMP-dependent PKA and Ca2+-dependent CaMK II, which are regulatory proteins capable of modulating/enhancing interactions (i.e., coupling) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum-based, intracellular Ca2+ clock and the surface membrane voltage clock, thereby converting irregularly or rarely spontaneously active ...

Objectives and Hypotheses. Our objectives are to define the scope and problems related to biological clock disorders in children with ONH and to develop effective treatments for this condition. Based on our observations, we hypothesize: (1) Daily rest-activity patterns and sleep will be abnormal in up to 50% of children with ONH. (2) It is possible to identify risk factors for abnormal circadian system function and sleep problems in ONH. (3) Nocturnal melatonin administration will improve abnormal sleep and activity patterns in children with ONH.. Design: These studies will involve collaborative efforts between Yale University and Dr. Mark Borchert of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, who follows the largest population of children with ONH in the world. We will study children ages 2-10 years with documented ONH using standard criteria. Based on these criteria, we have more than 100 eligible patients.. To test our hypotheses, we will: (1) examine expressed rhythmicity in children with ONH. These ...

new volumes of Methods in Enzymology proceed the legacy of this foremost serial with caliber chapters authored by means of leaders within the box. Circadian Rhythms and organic Clocks half A and half B is an outstanding source for anyone drawn to the overall region of circadian rhythms. As key parts of timekeeping are conserved in organisms around the phylogenetic tree, and our realizing of circadian biology has benefited significantly from paintings performed in lots of species, the amount offers a variety of assays for various organic systems. Protocols are supplied to evaluate clock functionality, entrainment of the clock to stimuli corresponding to mild and foodstuff, and output rhythms of habit and physiology. This quantity additionally delves into the impression of circadian disruption on human health. Contributions are from leaders within the box whove made significant discoveries utilizing the equipment awarded here.. ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Drosophila Pacemaker Neurons Require G Protein Signaling and GABAergic Inputs to Generate Twenty-Four Hour Behavioral Rhythms. AU - Dahdal, David. AU - Reeves, David C.. AU - Ruben, Marc. AU - Akabas, Myles H.. AU - Blau, Justin. PY - 2010/12/9. Y1 - 2010/12/9. N2 - Intercellular signaling is important for accurate circadian rhythms. In Drosophila, the small ventral lateral neurons (s-LNvs) are the dominant pacemaker neurons and set the pace of most other clock neurons in constant darkness. Here we show that two distinct G protein signaling pathways are required in LNvs for 24 hr rhythms. Reducing signaling in LNvs via the G alpha subunit Gs, which signals via cAMP, or via the G alpha subunit Go, which we show signals via Phospholipase 21c, lengthens the period of behavioral rhythms. In contrast, constitutive Gs or Go signaling makes most flies arrhythmic. Using dissociated LNvs in culture, we found that Go and the metabotropic GABAB-R3 receptor are required for the inhibitory ...

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...The circadian clocks that control and influence dozens of basic biolog...,Snooze,button,on,biological,clocks,improves,cell,adaptability,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine have found that when and what you eat affects the synchronization of the bodys biological clocks.. Biological clocks, which are found in every cell of the body, operate on a 24-hour cycle, according to a preview of the study written by Gerald Hart, biological chemistry professor at Johns Hopkins University. Synchronizing all the clocks in the body is essential for the body to function at its best. The three-year study, which was conducted on lab mice, found that eating at certain times of the day, which vary depending on ones sleep habits, may lead to optimal body functionality via clock synchronization. The findings were published Feb. 5 in the journal Cell Metabolism.. When food is consumed at the optimal times of the day, the bodys peripheral clocks, which are found in every cell outside the brain, synchronize with the bodys central clock, which is located in the brain and responds to external signals like light and temperature, said researcher ...

Many women spend a large portion of their reproductive years trying to prevent pregnancy. Some women are focused on career while others are waiting for the right partner to start a family with. No matter the reason, many women find themselves needing help while trying to conceive during their 30s and 40s. The main culprit is a womans biological clock. More than just a metaphor, a womans biological clock can make all of the difference in her ability to get pregnant.. Read more: Confronting The Biological Clock. ...

A phase resetting curve (PRC) measures the transient change in the phase of a neural oscillator subject to an external perturbation. The PRC encapsulates the dynamical response of a neural oscillator and, as a result, it is often used for predicting phase-locked modes in neural networks. While phase is a fundamental concept, it has multiple definitions that may lead to contradictory results. We used the Hilbert Transform (HT) to define the phase of the membrane potential oscillations and HT amplitude to estimate the PRC of a single neural oscillator. We found that HT’s amplitude and its corresponding instantaneous frequency are very sensitive to membrane potential perturbations. We also found that the phase shift of HT amplitude between the pre- and poststimulus cycles gives an accurate estimate of the PRC. Moreover, HT phase does not suffer from the shortcomings of voltage threshold or isochrone methods and, as a result, gives accurate and reliable estimations of phase resetting.

As promised on The Paleo Solution Podcast #270 this is the first installment of a three part blog series on sleep from Doc Parsley!. Many people have heard of the concept that humans use the sun to adjust their biological clock. The overall driver of the biological clock is the circadian-rhythm controlling the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus for you neuro geeks out there)-often called the master clock.. But what does that really mean, what does the master clock really control, and what can we do about it?. To answer that, we have to talk a little bit of science-not too much-but some:. Humans (like every other life form on earth) use the light of the sun to regulate biological activities. Single-celled organisms and plants do it in a different way than more complex animals. We humans use our eyes. Our eyes have special nerve cells in them that sense a certain frequency of light (blue light), and let the rest of our bodies know-via our brain-what we should be preparing for. As the light decreases ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Controlling the peripheral clock might be a new treatment strategy in allergy and immunology. AU - Orihara, Kanami. AU - Saito, Hirohisa. PY - 2016/4/1. Y1 - 2016/4/1. KW - Allergic diseases. KW - biological clock. KW - circadian system. KW - immune system. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84963963387&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84963963387&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.054. DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.054. M3 - Article. C2 - 26560038. AN - SCOPUS:84963963387. VL - 137. SP - 1236. EP - 1237. JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. SN - 0091-6749. IS - 4. ER - ...

During the 15th and 16th centuries, clockmaking flourished, particularly in the metalworking towns of Nuremberg and Augsburg, and in Blois, France. Some of the more basic table clocks have only one time-keeping hand, with the dial between the hour markers being divided into four equal parts making the clocks readable to the nearest 15 minutes. Other clocks were exhibitions of craftsmanship and skill, incorporating astronomical indicators and musical movements. The cross-beat escapement was invented in 1584 by Jost Bürgi, who also developed the remontoire. Bürgis clocks were a great improvement in accuracy as they were correct to within a minute a day.[35][36] These clocks helped the 16th-century astronomer Tycho Brahe to observe astronomical events with much greater precision than before.[citation needed][how?] ...

A model or hybrid network consisting of oscillatory cells interconnected by inhibitory and electrical synapses may express different stable activity patterns without any change of network topology or parameters, and switching between the patterns can be induced by specific transient signals. However, little is known of properties of such signals. In the present study, we employ numerical simulations of neural networks of different size composed of relaxation oscillators, to investigate switching between in-phase (IP) and anti-phase (AP) activity patterns. We show that the time windows of susceptibility to switching between the patterns are similar in 2-, 4- and 6-cell fully-connected networks. Moreover, in a network (N = 4, 6) expressing a given AP pattern, a stimulus with a given profile consisting of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing signals sent to different subpopulations of cells can evoke switching to another AP pattern. Interestingly, the resulting pattern encodes the profile of the switching

Since the dawn of life, most organisms have had to adapt to environmental cycles of light and darkness, and restrict many of their biological activities to specific times of day and night. Central to this adaptation is the evolution of an endogenous, self-sustained, 24 h (circadian) timekeeping mechanism (clock) that orchestrates body rhythms for concerted action and synchronizes (entrains) them to the local time of day [1]. In the last few decades, there have been spectacular advances in our understanding of this clock mechanism. It is a layered system with emergent properties at several levels of organization, including regulatory molecules, cells, circuits and tissues. It is believed that genes at the clocks core function as autoregulatory feedback loops within individual cells, with oscillating levels of nuclear proteins negatively regulating the transcription of their own mRNAs. Groups of autonomous single-cell oscillators are coupled together to form discrete pacemakers that generate ...

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Circadian rhythms are pervasive throughout nature. These self-sustaining rhythms are thought to provide an adaptive advantage by allowing organisms to anticipate the regular changes in the environment that occur as a result of the earths rotation on its axis (Ouyang et al., 1998; Green et al., 2002; Michael et al., 2003). A wide variety of processes are influenced by the circadian clock in plants, including the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, photosynthetic capacity, and regulation of gene expression. Circadian regulation of gene expression has been observed in all organisms with a functional clock and is thought to play an important role in the central oscillator in many organisms (Harmer et al., 2001), although the core oscillator in cyanobacteria may run independently of transcription (Tomita et al., 2005). Genome-wide studies have shown that a sizable portion of the transcriptome is under circadian regulation in plants, cyanobacteria, animals, and fungi (reviewed in ...

Americans Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young share the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work that explained how our cells keep track of time.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Chemical substances controlling the leaf-movement of the plants. T2 - How does biological clock control the plant movement?. AU - Ueda, Minoru. AU - Yamamura, Shosuke. PY - 1999/1/1. Y1 - 1999/1/1. N2 - Many plants close their leaves in the evening like sleeping and open early in the morning. Such a circadian rhythm has been known to be controlled by their internal clock. Moreover, rapid seismonastic movement was also observed in Mimosa pudica L. Since Riccas ingenious experiments suggested that some chemicals play an important role in leaf-movement of Mimosa pudica, many biologists and chemists have attempted to search for leaf-closing substances, and a number of compounds have been obtained, particularly, by Schildknecht et al. But, we have now demonstrated that the genuine leaf-movement factor of Mimosa is the mixture of three chemical substances, two of the three were identified as potassium L-malate and magnesium trans-aconitate. The mixture of these substances was ...

Circadian clocks are molecular oscillators with ~24-hour periods that drive daily biological rhythms. Such clocks are found in all of the major branches of life, and they likely represent ancient timekeeping systems important for predicting daily environmental cycles on our rotating planet. In mammals, circadian clocks are present in most if not all cells. These distributed clocks control a myriad of processes, in aggregate creating coherent 24-hour programs of physiology and behavior.. A picture of how circadian clocks are built has emerged in the last two decades. The core mechanism is a transcriptional feedback loop, wherein the protein products of several clock genes build the molecular machinery to inhibit the transcription factor responsible for their own production. The molecular components of circadian clocks are conserved from insects to humans.. The Weitz lab uses molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and structural biology to investigate the mammalian circadian clock. The focus ...

Circadian rhythms of activity and physiology are evident across the animal kingdom as well as in plants and some bacteria. The scientific study of biological clocks goes back almost 300 years to a French astronomer called Jean-Jacques dOrtous De Mairan, who discovered that the diurnal closing of Mimosa leaves persisted under conditions of constant darkness. Whether this was due to mysterious magnetic rays, or to the presence of an equally mysterious internal clock in the plant was controversial, but it later became clear that light-independent twenty-four hour clocks could also be found in animals. The mechanisms underlying such clocks were a long-standing puzzle until the Shaw Prize Laureates of 2013, Jeffrey C Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W Young discovered two key components of the endogenous clock mechanism of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Over the course of the last twenty-five years, thanks to the work of these pioneers, details of the clock mechanism in animals have ...

A programmable clock generator circuit receives control signals and a global clock and generates a pulsed data clock and a scan clock in response to gating signals. The clock generator has data clock and scan clock feed-forward paths and a single feedback path. Delay control signals program delay elements in the feedback path and logic gates reshape and generate a feedback clock signal. The global clock and the feedback clock signal are combined to generates a pulsed local clock signal. A scan clock feed-forward circuit receives the local clock and generates the scan clock. A data clock feed-forward circuit receives the local clock and generates the data clock with a logic controlled delay relative to the local clock signal. The feedback clock is generated with controlled delay thereby modifying the pulse width of the data and scan clocks independent of the controlled delay of the data clock feed-forward path.

Fast shipping specials nohassle returns on. Come in a custom record clock movement with any. Independant component wall clocks, wall clock parts suppliers brings you a leading supplier of wall clock components products united states canada to search enter a few every purchase supports independent analog clock standard wall clock movements quick and anniversary clocks from designers such as a wall mantel clock components time systems after years franklin clocks today. Audio inwall kit ht2002whv1 at. Clocks component mechanism diy repair but they generally belong to set up wall clock wall and battery or call us at clockworks or call. Ebay. Wall lights at guaranteed low prices. Modern wall clocks large, sale every day with one now. Wall and desk clocks and manufacturing of contemporary modern wall clocks are in our large wall clock styles antique wall and wallmounted light fixtures free shipping on the newest designs for every day at save time the largest selection of wall clocks are bolder and ...

The majority of cells in the body have an internal clock which controls cell cycle factors. However, the internal clock of cancer cells is often non-functioning or malfunctioning.. In the study, the team compared the growth and cell cycle events of B16 melanoma cells and tumors with either a functional or dysfunctional clock. The team demonstrated that clock genes are suppressed in B16 melanoma cells and B16 tumors.. The team then went on to successfully adjust the internal clocks of melanoma B16 cells and human colon carcinoma cells, as to make them function normally. The repair, carried out in tissue cultures and mice, slowed the growth of tumor tissue; a week post-treatment, the treated tumor was two thirds smaller compared to the control tumor.. There were indications suggesting that the malfunctioning clock contributed to rapid tumor growth, but this had never been demonstrated. Thanks to the use of a chemical or a thermic treatment, we succeeded in repairing these cells clock and ...

The rotation of the earth around its axis and the sun generates rhythmic daily and seasonal cycles in our world. Organisms have evolved a biological clock to be able to predict and follow environmental cyclic rhythms to control their physiology and behavior for survival. In mammals the master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus which receives light inputs via retinohypothalamic tract directly from the retina to be entrained to external cycles. Circadian rhythms are maintained by two negative feedback loops involving several clock genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Period, Cryptochrome and Rev-erbα. Apart from the central master clock, there are several peripheral clocks controlling local feature of organs in synchrony with the SCN. One of these peripheral circadian oscillators is the retina which is the one that processes the light cues and may influence the circadian rhythms generated by the SCN.. We are interested how the visual system adjust itselves to the ...

Circadian clocks, found widely in nature, act to coordinate biological processes with rhythmic changes in the environment. Light input plays an important role in adjusting the clocks phase as well as maintaining its pace, allowing for perception of both daily and seasonal information (Aschoff, 1979). The central biological oscillator interprets this environmental information and transmits the signal to a diverse set of outputs. A substantial portion of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcriptome is clock regulated, with estimates ranging from 2% to 36% of expressed genes (Harmer et al., 2000; Schaffer et al., 2001; Michael and McClung, 2003a; Edwards et al., 2006; M.F. Covington and S.L. Harmer, personal communication).. In the current model of the Arabidopsis oscillator, TIMING OF CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN/PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (TOC1/PRR1) is believed to act as part of a central negative feedback loop with CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY; ...

Converging lines of evidence suggest that the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the site of the endogenous biological clock controlling mammalian circadian rhythms. To study the calcium responses of the cellular components that make up the clock, computer- controlled digital video and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used with the Ca2+ indicator dye fluo-3 to examine dispersed SCN cells and SCN explants with repeated sampling over time. Ca2+ plays an important second messenger role in a wide variety of cellular mechanisms from gene regulation to electrical activity and neurotransmitter release, and may play a role in clock function and entrainment. SCN neurons and astrocytes showed an intracellular Ca2+ increase in response to glutamate and 5-HT, two major neurotransmitters in afferents to the SCN. Astrocytes showed a marked heterogeneity in their response to the serial perfusion of different transmitters; some responded to both 5-HT and glutamate, some to neither, and others ...

The body clock, also known as the circadian rhythm, refers to innate bodily functions that follow an unseen schedule. Your body clock is led by the master clock inside your brain. This is a group of 20,000 neurons called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the hypothalamus. These neurons control the regulation of hormonal levels, digestion and other processes. The production of cortisol (which helps wake you up) and melatonin (which prepares you for sleep) are some of the bodily processes affected.. Your body clock is affected by internal and external factors. Inside your body, cells have their biological clocks coordinated by the SCN. Outside your body, the circadian rhythm is mostly affected by three factors: exposure to light, consumption of food or drinks and decisions of the person (e.g. pulling an all-nighter). (Related: Evaluating how human rhythms are affected by light, darkness, and the clock.). When your body clock is not functioning well, it drastically affects your sleep cycle. Without ...

Organisms face unforeseen short- and long-term changes in the environment (stressors). To defend against these changes, organisms have developed a stress system that includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which employs glucocorticoids and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) for signal transduction. In addition, organisms live under the strong influence of day-night cycles and, hence, have also developed a highly conserved circadian clock system for adjusting their activities to recurring environmental changes. This regulatory system creates and maintains internal circadian rhythmicity by employing a self-oscillating molecular pacemaker composed of the Clock-Bmal1 heterodimer and other transcription factors. The circadian clock consists of a central master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain hypothalamus and peripheral slave clocks in virtually all organs and tissues. The HPA axis and the circadian clock system communicate with each other at multiple levels. The ...

Organisms possess endogenous clocks that enable them to synchronize to diurnal environmental cycles and anticipate time of day. In several model systems, it is known that the circadian molecular clock consists of transcriptional/translational autoregulatory feedback loops in which clock proteins translocate to the nucleus and regulate clock gene transcription (Reppert and Weaver, 2002; Dunlap and Loros, 2005; Hardin, 2005). In Drosophila, the molecular oscillator is composed of three feedback loops which are interlocked by virtue of the CLK control of per and tim gene transcription. The first loop results in rhythmic PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM) clock protein production, the second generates rhythms in the CLOCK (CLK) transcription factor and the third (Clockwork Orange) modulates the expression of several clock genes known to be regulated by the CLK transcription factor by binding to the E-box regulatory element (Glossop et al., 1999; Cyran et al., 2003; Glossop et al., 2003; Yu et al., ...

The core circadian oscillator of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro by mixing the proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, resulting in oscillations in KaiC phosphorylation. The underlying mechanism of this biochemical oscillator has been elusive. Rust et al. (see the Perspective by Poon and Ferrell) now show that phosphorylation of KaiC at two residues is cyclically ordered and that the abundance of each phosphorylated form determines the phase of the oscillator. This sequential phosphorylation of KaiC, combined with negative feedback caused by one of the phosphorylation states, is sufficient to explain stable oscillation.. M. J. Rust, J. S. Markson, W. S. Lane, D. S. Fisher, E. K. OShea, Ordered phosphorylation governs oscillation of a three-protein circadian clock. Science 318, 809-812 (2007). [Abstract] [Full Text]. A. C. Poon, J. E. Ferrell Jr., A clock with a flip switch. Science 318, 757-758 (2007). [Summary] [Full Text]. ...

To examine whether an oscillatory interference model of grid cell activity could work if the oscillators were noisy neurons, we implemented these simulations. Here the oscillators are networks (either synaptically- or gap-junction--coupled) of one or more noisy neurons (either Izhikevichs simple model or a Hodgkin-Huxley--type biophysical model) which drive a postsynaptic cell (which may be integrate-and-fire, resonate-and-fire, or the simple model) which should fire spatially as a grid cell if the simulation is successful ...

Apparatus and method support the synchronization and calibration of a plurality of clocks in a medical device system that may provide treatment to a patient with a nervous system disorder. The plurality of clocks, which may be located at different components of the medical device system, comprises a first clock and a second clock. The second clock may be synchronized to a first clock by disabling a run mode operation and setting the second clock to a selected time. When a reference time of the first clock approximately equals the selected time, the second clock enables the run mode operation. Additionally, a drift time that is indicative of a time difference between the first clock and the second clock is determined. If the drift time is greater than a predetermined amount, an indication to resynchronize the first and second clocks is provided.

For each species, we generated a phase-ordered microarray time series covering one segmentation clock oscillation. For each embryo of each species, the posterior half of the right-hand side presomitic mesoderm (PSM) was surgically removed, leaving the rest of the embryo intact. RNA was then extracted from the dissected piece and amplified before hybridization of each sample individually on an Affymetrix GeneChip array (Fig. 1A). The remaining part of the dissected embryo was used to visualize the cyclic traveling wave, which propagates anteriorly along the PSM during one cycle of the segmentation clock. These dynamic stripes were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) with the known cyclic genes Lfng for mouse and chick (Aulehla and Johnson, 1999; McGrew et al., 1998) and her7 (Oates and Ho, 2002) for zebrafish. Samples were then ordered chronologically a posteriori, within an oscillatory cycle, based on the anteroposterior position of the expression stripe along the PSM (Fig. 1B-D). Twenty-two ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Methylcobalamin induces a long-lasting enhancement of the field potential in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus slices. AU - Nishikawa, Yukiko. AU - Shibata, Shigenobu. AU - Shimazoe, Takao. AU - Watanabe, Shigenori. PY - 1996/12/20. Y1 - 1996/12/20. N2 - Optic nerve stimulation has been reported to evoke a field potential (FP) in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) slices. Methylcobalamin,δ-(5,6-dymethylbenzimidazolyl)-Co-methyl-cobamide (Me-B12) enhanced this FP and the enhancement lasted more than 1 h after washing out. Maximal enhancement (143.6 ± 9.8%) was achieved at a concentration of 10 μM. By contrast, cyanocobalamin containing CN- instead of CH3- showed no enhancement of the amplitude in the FP. Me-B12 induced enhhncement of FP was strongly blocked by an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV). These results indicate that CH3- in the Me-B12 is required to modulate the FP amplitude and the NMDA receptor is involved in the ...

Scientists have shown that disruption of the bodys internal clock system is involved in a range of diseases, from psychiatric to metabolic to cardiovascular. A recent paper by JDRF-funded researcher Joseph Bass, M.D., Ph.D., suggests that it could also be a factor in the development of diabetes. Dr. Bass and his group found that disruption of the circadian rhythm set by the bodys internal clock led to glucose intolerance in mice, raising the possibility that it might have similar effects in people.. The timing of most biological activities-like eating and sleeping-is coordinated with the daily light cycle by the bodys master circadian clock, located in the brain. The master clock communicates with a network of peripheral clocks distributed in tissues and organs throughout the body, including the pancreas. Dr. Basss group previously found that the clock within the pancreas has roles in releasing insulin and normalizing blood-glucose concentration, but the details of how it does this were not ...

Our possessions should tell people who we are. Let the items that sit on your desk let people who come into your office know what youre about. If you want a clock that lets everyone know youre a science super geek, then the Model AWK-105 Analog Voltmeter Clock is for you.. This clock looks like an analog voltmeter. Its right there in the name. In fact, at first glance, most people probably wouldnt even consider it was a clock. A clock it is though! It reads hours and minutes but on two separate faces. The hours are on the left side and the minutes are on the right side. From there on, its just like a normal clock.. This clock reads like any normal 12 hour clock, even though it looks just a bit different. It will give you down to the minute time and stay true unless theres a power outage. This clock is manually set so you can look forward to visiting it twice a year for Daylight Savings Time. The Model AWK-105 Analog Voltmeter Clock is $139.. ...

Sundowning or sundown syndrome causes a sudden worsening of confusion, agitation, and aggression in patients with Alzheimers disease and dementia, which was found to be governed by the bodys internal biological clock.

Module A-160-5 is a voltage controlled clock multiplier. The incoming clock signal (socket Clock In) is multiplied by a factor that depends upon the control voltage on socket CV In (0…+5V) and the position of the Mode switch. The multiplied clock signal is available at the socket Clock Out. According to the position of the Mode switch different clock multiplying factors are assigned to the control voltage. With 0V CV no clock output is generated. This state is indicated by all LEDs off. With increasing CV integer factors (left position of the mode switch), power of two factors (middle position) or a mix of both (right position) are obtained. Nine LEDs are used to show the currently selected multiplying factor. In addition two LEDs are used to display the incoming and outgoing clock signal.. A manual control is used to adjust the clock multiplication factor manually without the need of an external control voltage. The voltage generated by this control (Manual) is normalled to the CV In ...

Epigenetic Modulation of Circadian Rhythms: Bmal1 Gene Regulation. By Tatsunosuke Tomita and Yoshiaki Onishi. Circadian rhythms that function in behaviour and physiology have adaptive significance for living organisms from bacteria to humans and reflect the presence of a biological clock. The engine of circadian rhythms is a transcription-translation feedback loop that is fine-tuned by epigenetic regulation in higher eukaryotes. We elucidated the chromatin structure of the Bmal1 gene, a critical component of the mammalian clock system, and have continued to investigate transcriptional regulation including DNA methylation. Various ailments including metabolic diseases can disrupt circadian rhythms, and many human diseases are associated with altered DNA methylation. Therefore, regulated circadian rhythms are important for human health. Here, we summarise the importance of epigenetic clock gene regulation, including DNA methylation of the Bmal1 gene, from the viewpoint of relationships to ...

A 2/N mode dock generator that generates bus clock signals through the use of bus clock enable signals selecting bus clock pulses that are in phase and out of phase with a core clock signal. The clock generator maintains synchronization between the bus clock signal and the core clock signal so that they are always in a predetermined phase relationship.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Synergistic dual automaticity in sinoatrial node cell and tissue models. AU - Zhang, Hong. AU - Joung, Boyoung. AU - Shinohara, Tetsuji. AU - Mei, Xi. AU - Chen, Peng-Sheng. AU - Lin, Shien-Fong. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - Background: The mechanism of sinoatrial node (SAN) automaticity is traditionally attributed to membrane ion currents. Recent evidence indicates spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling also plays an important role. Methods and Results: A computer simulation on SAN cell and 1D tissue model was performed. In the SAN cells, SR Ca2+ cycling broadly modulated the sinus rate from 1.74 Hz to 3.87 Hz. Shortening of the junctional SR refilling time and increase of SR Ca2+ release were responsible for sinus rate acceleration. However, under the fast SR Ca2+ cycling, decreased L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) resulted in irregular firing. When Ca2+ cycling was suppressed, If and ICaT both acted to stabilize the pacemaker rhythm, but ICaT had less effect than If. At ...

The 527-02 Clock Slicer is the most flexible way to generate a CMOS output clock from a PECL input clock with zero skew. The user can easily configure the device to produce nearly any output clock that is multiplied or divided from the input clock. The part supports non-integer multiplications and divisions. A SYNC pulse indicates when the rising clock edges are aligned with zero skew. Using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) techniques, the device accepts an input clock up to 200 MHz and produces an output clock up to 160 MHz. The 527-02 aligns rising edges on PECLIN with FBIN at a ratio determined by the reference and feedback dividers. For a PECL input and output clock with zero delay, use the 527-04. For a CMOS input and PECL output with zero delay, use the 527-03. ...

Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are observed in almost all phyla. Genetically encoded internal clocks generate such rhythms. Identification of gene products required for the generation and maintenance of endogenous circadian near 24-hr rhythms has led to a paradigm of multiple interlocked transcriptional/translational feedback loops as the basis for molecular circadian oscillators in all studied model systems. Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role, regulating the stability, activity and subcellular localization of proteins that constitute the biological clock. This study investigates the role of the protein kinase Doubletime, a Drosophila ortholog of casein kinase Is, in the fruit fly circadian clock. For the first time enzymatically active Doubletime protein is produced and direct phosphorylation of clock protein Period is demonstrated. Phosphorylation sites are identified and their functional significance is tested in a cell culture system. An in vivo analysis of a Period mutant

The 527-01 Clock Slicer is the most flexible way to generate an output clock from an input clock with zero skew. The user can easily configure the device to produce nearly any output clock that is multiplied or divided from the input clock. The part supports non-integer multiplications and divisions. A SYNC pulse indicates when the rising clock edges are aligned with zero skew. Using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) techniques, the device accepts an input clock up to 200 MHz and produces an output clock up to 160 MHz. The 527-01 aligns rising edges on ICLK and FBIN at a ratio determined by the reference and feedback dividers. For configurable clocks that do not require zero delay, use the 525.. ...

A video sub-system features reduced power consumption by periodically disabling the video controller clocks used for transferring pixel data to a screen. The video clocks are pulsed only when pixel data is being transferred to the screen, during the time that a horizontal line of pixels is being scanned on the screen. The video clocks are not pulsed during the horizontal and vertical blanking periods, when the electron beam in a cathode-ray-tube is being re-traced. The video clocks are also not pulsed during a recovery period for a flat-panel screen. A video memory contains pixel information for the entire screen and is controlled by a memory controller. The memory controller uses a memory clock to transfer all or part of a horizontal line of pixels to a video buffer. The pixel data is then read out of the video buffer to the screen in a serial fashion, synchronized to the video clock. Host data may be written to a host buffer using a bus clock from the host, and then written to the video memory using

Circadian rhythms, the subset of endogenous rhythms with a period of approximately 24 h, are widely encountered in most organisms from cyanobacteria to humans. Although eukaryotes employ a common mechanistic logic of interlocked negative feedback loops to generate robust circadian oscillations, different components have been recruited to form the clock in different taxa (Bell-Pedersen et al., 2005; McClung, 2006; Wijnen and Young, 2006). Thus, fungal, animal, and plant clocks share a common architectural plan yet are composed of largely distinct components. This suggestion of polyphyletic origins of clocks implies strong selection for clock function. Indeed, in many organisms, including cyanobacteria, fruit fly, ground squirrel, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), experimental evidence indicates that a robust circadian clock whose period resonates with the environmentally imposed diurnal cycle confers a fitness advantage (Yerushalmi and Green, 2009).. Among plants, most that is known about ...

Interview with a sleep expert. What is the impact of daylight saving time? How come that morning and evening people? It all has to do with your biological clock. Adapt to a different sleep rhythm is always difficult. For example, when changing from winter to summer time. This always takes place in the night from Saturday to Sunday. On Sunday it still is, but on Monday morning if you must return to your work, you are suddenly less easily. Your biological clock is still not good.. read more ...

Who is this toddler, who boogies to your favorite tunes wearing nothing but his diaper? He is a figment of Michael Girards imagination. The dancing baby, he said, actually goes back to an initial cha-cha motion that I created as a demo file years ago. The baby was one of several sample animation files he created to show off his animation software product, Kinetix Character Studio. The foot-loose infants star rose soon after. Copies of the diapered dancer now animate computer screens across the Internet. CBSs Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel profiled the baby on its show last week. And Hollywood recently seized on the baby as a plot device on Ally McBeal. Ally McBeals co-executive producer, Jeffrey Kramer, said the show had been looking for ideas to explore Allys biological clock. We use fantasy elements in the show, and what better biological clock than to see this little baby who comes in as an apparition and haunts her, he said. ...

So first on my list was to see my gynecologist. I booked an appoint and got a smear test done, did a full blood count and told my gynecologist that I was planning on getting pregnant and wanted to go off the pill. I had been on the pill for seven years and it had been my salvation. My period before than had been off the charts. It had a life of its own and I was a mere passenger left trailing by. Once I found the right pill, my life was in order. I knew when to expect it and could plan holidays and events around it. It was as if I had a new found freedom. I was no longer surprised by it showing up on my first day of my summer holiday or have to run to the pharmacy for pregnancy tests, even though, given the fact that I am neurotic, I could buy a car with all the money I wasted on pregnancy tests over the years. Pill or no pill. D (my loving and adoring DH) is witness to my madness. He cannot count the amount of worried nights spent thinking of we should do with our imaginary unborn and ...

Angie Lee. Angie Lee is the Chief Product Officer at Celmatix, where she oversees product, engineering, and brand. She brings over 15 years of consumer product and brand strategy experience. Most recently she was the head of marketing and communications at General Assembly. Previously, Angie advised clients on new product launches at IDEO, and oversaw the launch of more than 100 New York Times bestsellers at HarperCollins Publishers. Angie has an MBA from NYU and is a graduate of the University of Texass Business Honors Program. Angie currently lives in Brooklyn, NY with her husband and kids.. Dr. Indrani Chatterjee. Dr. Indrani Chatterjee is currently the Medical Science Liaison at Celmatix, where she serves as the scientific resource for product development. Before Celmatix, Indrani was a postdoc at the Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYU, where her research was focused on the global genetic architecture that underlies fertilization and early embryonic development using ...

Wall clocks in hospitals large and small, as well as in colleges and universities, along with all major businesses, have a continuing need for wall clocks. It can be especially important to have clocks that keep good time and do not break down, so that hospital workers and office individuals are not disagreeing about whether the quitting time has actually arrived or not.. Even hospital purchasing organizations, procurement divisions of government, businesses and other organizations are always seeking to maintain and improve the systems in place to track time, and wall clocks, not surprisingly, are the clock of choice.. When it comes to accuracy, radio controlled or atomic clocks have gained much favor and general acceptance by major institutions. Many purchase just a few to test them out to ensure they will work well for them. There is also a technology known as an Autoset or Auto Set clock which is generally not an atomic, but does automatically move forward an hour and back an hour on the ...

A small number of single young men pay to store their sperm, just as single young women have stored their eggs, out of fear of advanced paternal age.

2. Time Clock Manager Pro 2.1 An employee time clock and a management tool. Its allows user to clock in/clock out. It works with touch screen monitors. Also has reports to show clocked in and clock out times. The application has integrated security and can work with networks... Details - Download Tags: time Clock Software , time , clock , manager , managerment , tool , employee , report , clockin , clockout , calculator , vsisystems , szamody ...

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Mitral cells, the principal output neurons of the olfactory bulb, receive direct synaptic activation from primary sensory neurons. Shunting inhibitory inputs delivered by granule cell interneurons onto mitral cell lateral dendrites are believed to influence spike timing and underlie coordinated field potential oscillations. Lateral dendritic shunt conductances delayed spiking to a degree dependent on both their electrotonic distance and phase of onset. Recurrent inhibition significantly narrowed the distribution of mitral cell spike times, illustrating a tendency towards coordinated synchronous activity. This result suggests an essential role for early mechanisms of temporal coordination in olfaction. The model was adapted from Davison et al, 2003, but include additional noise mechanisms, long lateral dendrite, and specific synaptic point processes ...

Background and Objectives: Recent studies in humans and dogs have shown that ventricular repolarization exhibits a low-frequency (LF) oscillatory pattern following enhanced sympathetic activity, which has been related to arrhythmic risk. The appearance of LF oscillations in ventricular repolarization is, however, not immediate, but it may take up to some minutes. This study seeks to characterize the time course of the action potential (AP) duration (APD) oscillatory behavior in response to sympathetic provocations, unveil its underlying mechanisms and establish a potential link to arrhythmogenesis under disease conditions.Materials and Methods: A representative set of human ventricular computational models coupling cellular electrophysiology, calcium dynamics, β-adrenergic signaling, and mechanics was built. Sympathetic provocation was modeled via phasic changes in β-adrenergic stimulation (β-AS) and mechanical stretch at Mayer wave frequencies within the 0.03-0.15 Hz band.Results: Our results show

There are two types of date-time clocks:. The Hardware Clock: This clock is an independent hardware device, with its own power domain (battery, capacitor, etc), that operates when the machine is powered off, or even unplugged.. On an ISA compatible system, this clock is specified as part of the ISA standard. A control program can read or set this clock only to a whole second, but it can also detect the edges of the 1 second clock ticks, so the clock actually has virtually infinite precision.. This clock is commonly called the hardware clock, the real time clock, the RTC, the BIOS clock, and the CMOS clock. Hardware Clock, in its capitalized form, was coined for use by hwclock. The Linux kernel also refers to it as the persistent clock.. Some non-ISA systems have a few real time clocks with only one of them having its own power domain. A very low power external I2C or SPI clock chip might be used with a backup battery as the hardware clock to initialize a more functional integrated real-time ...

Cortical gamma oscillations occur alongside perceptual processes, and in proportion to perceptual salience. They have a number of properties that make them ideal candidates to explain perception, including incorporating synchronised discharges of neural assemblies, and their emergence over a fast timescale consistent with that of perception. These observations have led to widespread assumptions that gamma oscillations role is to cause or facilitate conscious perception (i.e. a positive role). While the majority of the human literature on gamma oscillations is consistent with this interpretation, many or most of these studies could equally be interpreted as showing a suppressive or inhibitory (i.e. negative) role. For example, presenting a stimulus and recording a response of increased gamma oscillations would only suggest a role for gamma oscillations in the representation of that stimulus, and would not specify what that role were. For instance, if gamma oscillations were inhibitory, then they

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We previously reported introduction and disappearance of circadian molecular oscillations during differentiation of mouse embryonic come (Sera) cells and reprogramming of differentiated cells, respectively. assay was used for the phenotype evaluation of homozygous mutant Sera cells effectively, showing that an Sera cell-based assay can be obtainable for circadian hereditary verification. Intro The circadian time clock can be an inbuilt time-keeping program controlling different physical features such as rest/alert routine, body temp and rate of metabolism [1]C[3]. The primary component can be the cell-autonomous molecular oscillator comprised of transcriptional-translational responses loops of time clock genetics such as ((genetics, genetics and via the E-box booster components. Indicated PER and Be sad suppress Time clock/BMAL1 activity, which outcomes in the cyclic service of these time clock genetics [1], [4], [5]. The gene also displays cyclic appearance but an anti-phasic design with E-box ...