If you can imagine a future powered by sustainable food and fuels; if you can imagine a future where globalism means that appropriate technologies are employed where they work best to the globes greatest advantage; if you can imagine a future of cooperation and collaboration to work out humankinds tensions, then you see a future envisioned by Advanced Biofuels USA.. The future of the advanced biofuels industry is at a critical crossroads. In the US, the 10% motor fuel ethanol mandate has created a demand of 13 billion gallons/year of ethanol. This has been very good for the corn-ethanol industry which has been able to meet this demand. However, because current Flex-Fuel engines pay a significant mileage penalty when E-85 is used, we are stuck on the 13 billion/year plateau meaning there is no meaningful demand for advanced motor vehicle biofuels. Even the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has little impact since 15 billion gallons/year of corn ethanol are included in the standard. International ...

1 World Production and Consumption 2 Fuel Ethanol Prices 3 International Trade 4 Blending Mandates WORLD Fuel Ethanol Production WORLD Feedstock Use for Fuel Ethanol Production WORLD Fuel Ethanol Consumption WORLD Fuel Ethanol Trade WORLD Ethanol Production WORLD Ethanol Exports WORLD Ethanol Imports ARGENTINA Fuel Ethanol Balance ARGENTINA Fuel Ethanol Reference Prices AUSTRALIA Ethanol Balance BRAZIL Ethanol Balance BRAZIL Fuel Ethanol Balance BRAZIL Fuel Ethanol Consumption by Type and Region BRAZIL Ethanol Production BRAZIL Total Ethanol Production by State BRAZIL Hydrous Ethanol Production by State BRAZIL Anhydrous Ethanol Production by State BRAZIL Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Production BRAZIL São Paulo State Ex-Mill Ethanol Prices (BRL/litre) BRAZIL São Paulo State Ex-Mill Ethanol Prices (USD/litre) BRAZIL Ex-Mill Sugar As Against Hydrous Ethanol Price BRAZIL Hydrous Ethanol Retail Pump Prices BRAZIL Gasohol (Gasolina C) Retail Pump Prices BRAZIL Hydrous Ethanol/Gasohol Retail Pump ...

Biofuels are the most awaited products of scientific research. The fossil fuels are being exhausted, and pollution is increasing globally. Algal biofuels are one of the promising options. They are wonderful tiny factories that yield a variety of substances that have the property to act as sources of ecofriendly fuels. More attention has been focused on microalgae-derived biomass for generating diverse renewable energy sources. The distinct features that microalgae possess include high biomass yield, abundant oil content, no requirement for land and easy cultivation in wastewaters coupled with carbon dioxide mitigation. Microalgae are tiny reservoirs of a plethora of biofuels. The diverse algal biofuels range from biodiesel, straight vegetable oil (SVO), lipids, ethanol and hydrogen. Biofuels are the need of today, and researchers around the globe are exploring the options for biological fuel production.

Engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have significantly improved the prospects of biorefinery by improving the bioconversion yields in lignocellulosic bioethanol production and expanding the product profiles to include advanced biofuels and chemicals. However, the lignocellulosic biorefinery concept has not been fully applied using engineered strains in which either xylose utilization or advanced biofuel/chemical production pathways have been upgraded separately. Specifically, high-performance xylose-fermenting strains have rarely been employed as advanced biofuel and chemical production platforms and require further engineering to expand their product profiles. In this study, we refactored a high-performance xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae that could potentially serve as a platform strain for advanced biofuels and biochemical production. Through combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9-mediated rational and evolutionary engineering, we obtained a newly refactored isomerase-based xylose-fermenting strain,

HELSINKI, June 20, 2018 (Press Release) -European institutions have come to an initial agreement on the revised Renewable Energy Directive. UPM Biofuels welcomes the agreement as it creates an obligatory advanced biofuel blending mandate in all EU Member States starting at 0.2% in 2022, double counted, and rising to 3.5% in 2030.. The UPM Lappeenranta Biorefinery, the worlds first to produce wood-based renewable diesel on a commercial scale, has proven the potential as a significant producer of truly sustainable advanced biofuels. UPM BioVerno, which reduces GHG emissions up to 80% compared with fossil fuels, has found a solid market place. The agreement will further boost interest in the most sustainable biofuels and strengthens the position of advanced low-ILUC fuels, such as UPM BioVerno, that have minimal risk of causing indirect emissions or land use change, says Sari Mannonen, Vice President, UPM Biofuels.. UPM started operations at the Lappeenranta Biorefinery at the beginning of 2015. ...

Biomass is a crucial energy resource used for the generation of electricity and transportation fuels. Microalgae exhibit a high content of biocomponents which makes them a potential feedstock for the generation of ecofriendly biofuels. Biofuels derived from microalgae are suitable carbon-neutral replacements for petroleum. Fermentation is the major process for metabolic conversion of microalgal biocompounds into biofuels such as bioethanol and higher alcohols. In this review, we explored the use of all three major biocomponents of microalgal biomass including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids for maximum biofuel generation. Application of several pretreatment methods for enhancement the bioavailability of substrates (simple sugar, amino acid, and fatty acid) was discussed. This review goes one step further to discuss how to direct these biocomponents for the generation of various biofuels (bioethanol, higher alcohol, and biodiesel) through fermentation and transesterification processes. Such an

This invention relates to a process for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material. Lignocellulosic material treated with dicarboxylic acid, preferably with oxalic acid, separating hemicellulosic fraction to ferment pentose sugar. The lignin is dissolve in alkali, preferably with NaOH, separating cellulose fraction for further enzymatic treatment with one or more than one cellulytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cellulose. Enzyme hydrolyasate further subjected to fermentation in presence of ethanol producing yeast, preferably Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermented broth further subjected to distillation followed by dehydration to yield ethanol.

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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Agence Française de Development (AFD), and the European Investment Bank (EIB) will provide $38m financing facility to Banque marocaine du commerce extérieur (BMCE) of Africa and its leasing subsidiary Maghrebail to support Moroccos sustainable energy developments, reported ESI Africa.. This funding is the third of its kind granted under Morocco Sustainable Energy Financing Facility, which a comprehensive program meant to boost sustainable energy investment via financial institutions, according to Morocco World News.. The EBRD-led program is aimed at financing projects on energy efficiency and small projects related to renewable energy. The BMCE Bank of Africa will pass on the money to small-sized and medium-sized enterprises and big industrial and commercial companies, including those involved in the sectors of commercial construction and energy services.. A global technical assistance and investment subsidies, financed by the EU ...

Extensive native Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) crop areas have been planted in Central America marginal lands since 2008 as a non-edible prospective feedstock alternative to high-value, edible palm oil. Jatropha biodiesel is currently exclusively produced in the region at commercial scale utilizing alkaline catalysts. Recently, a free, soluble Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) 1,3 specific lipase has shown promise as biocatalyst, reportedly yielding up to 96 % ASTM D6751 compliant biodiesel after 24 h transesterification of soybean, canola oils and other feedstocks. Biodiesel conversion rate and quality of enzymatically catalyzed transesterification of Jatropha oil was evaluated. Two lipases: free, soluble TL and immobilized Candida antarctica (CA) catalyzed methanolic transesterification of crude Jatropha and refined palm oil. Jatropha yields were similar to palm biodiesel with NaOH as catalyst. After 24 h transesterification, Jatropha (81 %) and palm oil (86 %) biodiesel yields with TL as catalyst were

2017 - Customized, Complete & Comprehensive Biodiesel Business Plan by Advanced Biofuel Center. CJPs Biodiesel Business Plans1. Alage Biodiesel Business Plan2. Calophyllum inophyllum L3. Camelina Biodiesel Business Plan4. CASTOR: Ricinus...

Biodiesel is typically derived from vegetable oil, but can also be derived from animal oils (lard and tallow). The most common feedstock for biodiesel production facilities in Missouri is soybean oil from the Missouri soybean crop. Biodiesel can also be derived from other vegetable sources such as rapeseed, corn, cottonseed and peanut; animal sources, such as tallow or lard; and waste cooking oils (yellow grease).. Biodiesel production plants in Missouri process raw soybean oil into a form suitable for use in diesel engines. Various extraction processes exist for converting raw soybean oil to biodiesel, but the most common commercial-scale facilities use 100 pounds of soybean oil and 10 pounds of methanol mixed with a catalyst. This results in 100 pounds of neat biodiesel and 10 pounds of glycerin. Glycerin is the primary byproduct or coproduct of biodiesel production and has value when further refined for other markets.. Raw or refined vegetable oil, or recycled greases that have not been ...

Advanced biofuels, also known as second generation, were supposed to provide the answer. They are produced from waste products such as animal manure and bio-waste or agricultural by-products that are not fit for human or animal consumption, such as grape stalks, nut shells, and corn cobs.. Since there is no food or feed application for these products, their use in biofuel production should not compete with food production, the thinking goes.. The case of molasses. But the latest version of the Commissions proposal included an agricultural product which does not fit this criterion: molasses, a thick and sticky liquid sourced from sugarcane or sugar beets during the sugar refining process.. Molasses are the primary ingredient in yeast, which is used to make bread, wine and beer. They are also used in confectionery (chocolate bars, candies and biscuits), and feed to animals. Indeed, the EU lists them as feed material alongside corn and soy.. Molasses are our primary ingredient; it is a fresh ...

Notes: Domestic crude oil production includes lease condensate and is estimated using a combination of short-term forecasts for the lower 48 states and the latest available production estimates from Alaska. Beginning with data for the week ending June 1, 2018, weekly crude oil production estimates are rounded to the nearest 100,000 b/d at the U.S. and lower 48 state levels. Finished motor gasoline production and product supplied includes a weekly adjustment applied only to the U.S. total to correct for the imbalance created by blending of fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components. From 1993 to June 4, 2010, this adjustment was estimated from the latest monthly data and allocated to formulation and PAD District production data. Reformulated and conventional gasoline production excludes adjustments for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components. Historical data prior to June 4, 2010 includes the adjustment allocated by PAD District formulation. Propane/propylene includes ...

(BW) Weather Delays Red Trail Energys Coal-Fired Fuel Ethanol Plant Start-Up in North Dakota, an Industrial Info News Alert Investor-owned Red Train Energy, LLC has been waiting three and a half years to get to the point where it can start producing fuel ethanol, however, Mother Nature is going to force the company to wait a couple weeks longer.

Biodiesel production from microalgae is being widely developed at different scales as a potential source of renewable energy with both economic and environmental benefits. Although many microalgae species have been identified and isolated for lipid production, there is currently no consensus as to which species provide the highest productivity. Different species are expected to function best at different aquatic, geographical and climatic conditions. In addition, other value-added products are now being considered for commercial production which necessitates the selection of the most capable algae strains suitable for multiple-product algae biorefineries. Here we present and review practical issues of several simple and robust methods for microalgae isolation and selection for traits that maybe most relevant for commercial biodiesel production. A combination of conventional and modern techniques is likely to be the most efficient route from isolation to large-scale cultivation.

Biofuels are a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Biofuels are one of the largest sources of renewable energy in use today. In the transport sector, they are blended with existing fuels such as gasoline and diesel.. ...

Biofuels are a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Biofuels are one of the largest sources of renewable energy in use today. In the transport sector, they are blended with existing fuels such as gasoline and diesel.. ...

Bio-based Chemical Production from Arundo donax Feedstock Fermentation using Cosenzaea myxofaciens BPM1. Valeria Ventorino,a Alessandro Robertiello,a Sharon Viscardi,a Annamaria Ambrosanio,aVincenza Faraco,b and Olimpia Pepe a,*. Bio-based organic acids are an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-derived products. In this work, the production of organic chemicals was investigated for the first time in the Cosenzaea myxofaciens species using hydrolysed lignocellulosic biomass from Arundo donax. The strain C. myxofaciens BPM1, isolated from bovine rumen, was able to produce a high amount of lactic acid, followed by acetic and succinic acids in synthetic substrate in microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. When hydrolysed lignocellulosic biomass from Arundo donax supplemented with several nitrogen sources was used as substrate in separate hydrolysis and fermentation in anaerobic conditions, a significant increase in organic acids was recovered, reaching values up to 12.13 ± 0.17, 1.68 ± 0.1, ...

EPA Approves Grain Sorghum Pathway - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced yesterday it has approved grain sorghum as an eligible feedstock under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). National Sorghum Producers (NSP) has worked closely with EPA for about three years in getting grain sorghum listed as an advanced biofuel feedstock, and the feat has finally been won. The RFS requires a certain amount of feedstocks to be used to produced advanced biofuels. With sorghums listing, it will now create a significant amount of domestically-grown sorghum that needs to be used to produce ethanol. This use, in turn, will add value and profitability to the producers crop. This gives an incentive to the ethanol plants to use sorghum when producing their biofuels. EPA found that, when plants use sorghum to create ethanol at facilities that use natural gas, they have a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction of 32 percent, qualifying it as a conventional ethanol. NSP expects at least one existing ...

Biodiesel, which consists of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained from renewable lipids such as those in vegetable oils or animal fats can be used as both an alternative fuel and an additive for petroleum diesel. This book gathers research from across the globe in the study of biodiesel blends, properties and applications.. Topics discussed include biodiesel purification methods; exhaust emissions study of biodiesel operated garbage trucks; the heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of triglycerides into biodiesel; valorization of wastes and by-products derived from biodiesel manufacturing; and biodiesel production using cation-exchange resin as heterogeneous acid catalyst. (Imprint: Nova). ...

The European parliament has delivered a desperately weak compromise on the future of biofuels in Europe that industry says will curtail jobs and investment.. In a tight vote on the use of biofuels in transport fuel, the parliament approved a 6% cap on the contribution of biofuels to Europes renewable transport energy target of 10% by 2020.. The policy of replacing petrol and diesel for cars and other vehicles stems from efforts to reduce carbon emissions from Europes transport sector. But critics argue that while biofuels can look green, they come with unintended consequences. Growing biofuel crops displaces food crops, pushing up food prices, and some biofuels can actually lead to higher carbon emissions than fossil fuels when changes in land use are fully accounted for.. The 6% cap voted for by MEPs represents an increase on the current figure of 4.5%. They also voted to recognise the link between biofuel production and the destruction of forests and other landscapes, but not until 2020. ...

TY - CONF. T1 - Catalytic technologies for production of biofuels from fatty acids and triglycerides. AU - Mäki-Arvela, P.. AU - Murzin, D. Yu. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - A discussion on different biofuels and catalytic processes on the production of biofuels covers hydrodeoxygenation process using hydrogen and Ni-Mo or CoMo oxide catalysts; an alternative deoxygenation process without the presence of hydrogen; optimization of the reaction conditions and catalyst properties as well as kinetic modelling along with proposing the reaction network; and continuous operation using neat stearic acid. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Conference PRES (Prague, Czech Republic 8/25-29/2012).. AB - A discussion on different biofuels and catalytic processes on the production of biofuels covers hydrodeoxygenation process using ...

Role, attitudes, and position of women in Serbia regarding sustainable energy are some off the topics of the new project WISE SEE by CPOR.

An apparatus for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of pretreated lignocellulosic material, in the form of a tower bioreactor, having mixers to achieve intermittent mixing of the material. Precise

WASHINGTON - South Dakotas $3.8 billion ethanol industry is facing a glass ceiling, according to officials.. In 2007, Congress set benchmarks for where the biofuel industry should be each year in terms of volume, but Congress gave the EPA power to amend the amount of ethanol that blenders must add to fuel each year.. Hunter Roberts, the South Dakota representative for the Governors Biofuel Coalition, said this could hurt South Dakota by causing an excess of ethanol production and could cause a lower corn volume demand the following year.. Its a slippery slope and we could end up with a lower demand for ethanol and lower demand for corn, Roberts said. Its not a good thing for South Dakota, thats for sure.. The five renewable fuel categories under the RFS are biomass-based diesel, cellulosic biofuel, advanced biofuel, total renewable fuel and conventional biofuel. But, there were no standards set by Congress for biomass-based diesel past 2012.. On May 31, the EPA proposed 14.8 billion ...

The demand for cellulosic biofuels is on the rise because of the anticipation for sustainable energy and less greenhouse gas emissions in the future. However, production of cellulosic biofuels, especially cellulosic butanol, has been hampered by the lack of potent microbes that are capable of converting cellulosic biomass into biofuels. We report a wild-type Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum strain TG57, which is capable of using microcrystalline cellulose directly to produce butanol (1.93 g/liter) as the only final product (without any acetone or ethanol produced), comparable to that of engineered microbes thus far. Strain TG57 exhibits significant advances including unique genes responsible for a new butyrate synthesis pathway, no carbon catabolite repression, and the absence of genes responsible for acetone synthesis (which is observed as the main by-product in most Clostridium strains known today). Furthermore, the use of glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose posed a selection pressure to ...

Crude glycerol is a main by-product from biodiesel production, and efficient utilization of crude glycerol will bring significant economic and environmental benefits. However, the complex compositions of crude glycerol may impair the cellular growth and inhibit the crude glycerol consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to find a simple method to treat the crude glycerol and release the inhibition on cell metabolism. The simply purified crude glycerol by activated carbon can be used as the carbon source to produce succinate in two-stage fermentation by the engineered Escherichia coli strain, MLB (ldhA−, pflB−) expressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. In the flask experiments, succinate production from crude glycerol without treatment was less than that from pure glycerol. However, in the experiments of 1.5-L bioreactor, little succinate was produced in crude glycerol. The simply purified crude glycerol was used as carbon source for succinate production, and the glycerol consumption and succinate

This edition of the Inside R&D TOE profiles innovations in acrylonitrile production from biomass, genome editing, and wearables. The TOE also focuses on advancements in hydrogen fuel production and building control systems. Inside R&D TechVision Opportunity Engine (TOE) covers global innovations that are in research and development in virtually all technology areas. We provide intelligence and insights on innovations spanning a wide variety of industry areas, including automation, electronics, sensors, information and communication technologies, manufacturing, health, wellness, medical devices, pharma, biotechnology, materials, coatings, renewable fuels, automotive, power systems, sustainable energy solutions and innovations that contribute to a cleaner and greener environment. Keywords: Acrylonitrile, genome editing, Parkinsons disease, hydrogen fuel, building control systems

Robert, a well educated and well respected Chem Eng., is again writing for the general public. Unfortunately, he, along with most of the authors of such articles, bundle biofuels together such that the reader after cruising through their words of wisdom still has little insight or understanding of the radical differences - pro or con - between the various biofuel sources. This actually makes his article totally moot.Lets break it down:Ethanol from any feedstock requires a 100% volume - high energy distillation process, is an incredibly caustic and toxic fuel, generates high volumes of undesirable emissions, the common feedstock (corn, switchgrass, …) offer little CO2 processing, the fuel demonstrates an extreme evaporation rate, has a relatively low BTU density, is not now, nor will likely become cost viable even against petroleum in the near future. Yet, corn for ethanol production now occupies 48 million acres of prime U.S. farmland. Ethanol as we know it today should simply be discarded ...

Crude glycerol represents ca. 10 % of the product output in biodiesel production. As the biodiesel production increases exponentially, the amount of resulting crude glycerol is extensively high. The problem of its disposal or effective utilization is of increasing importance. In this work, the composities of poly(vinyl alcohol), horn meal and crude glycerol with the mass ratios of crude glycerol and poly(vinyl alcohol) 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 were prepared and used for the formation of mulching coatings. The influence of the addition of crude glycerol to the composites on the mechanical, viscoelastic properties, swelling and dimensional stability in water of the composite films was examined. The increase of the amount of glycerol resulted in the increase of elasticity and dimensional stability of the composite films. The effect of the mulch films containing the different amount crude glycerol on evaporation of water from the substrate, vegetation of plants, soil properties and weeds (wild mustard and ...

Bioethanol is an attractive and sustainable energy source to fuel transportation. It is seen as a good alternative fuel as it emits zero net carbon output into the atmosphere. In this study, bioethanol was produced from office waste by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prior to the laboratory experimentations, a mini survey was conducted to collect and determine the approximate amount of the office waste being used weekly by respondents. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) experiments were then performed to utilize the enzymatic bond breaking of the office waste into fermentable sugar in order to produce ethanol. The final fermentation products were analysed via DNS reducing sugar assay and phenol-sulphuric total carbohydrate assays and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This study has shown that office waste can be converted to bioethanol from S. cerevisiae via SSF. From the result obtained, 5% for 50 FPU/g paper give an effective production of ethanol which is 70.99% ...

The BASF site in Antwerp has transformed itself over the last 40 years into the largest integrated chemical production site in Belgium and the second largest Verbund site of BASF Group.Photo: BASF - The Chemical Company, 2006

Ethyl ester biodiesel has been produced from a non-edible Jatropha curcas oil. Oil was extracted from the plant seed using n-hexane at 60°C and pretreated by alkaline refining process to reduce the free fatty acid level to less than 1%. Base-catalysed transesterification reaction with absolute ethanol using potassium hydroxide catalyst was adopted for the conversion. Various physicochemical properties of the refined Jatropha curcas oil were investigated. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced was characterised for its fuel properties such as specific gravity at 15°C, flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, iodine value and higher heating value using American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Methods. The crude and refined Jatropha curcas oil yields were 58.16% and 52.5%. The physicochemical analysis revealed FFA, saponification value and peroxide value of refined Jatropha curcas oil to be 0.58 mg KOH/g, 159.9 and 1.92 m E/kg respectively. The fatty acid composition obtained

Biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) are currently viewed by the transportation sector as the most viable alternative fuels to replace petroleum-based fuels. The use of biodiesel has, however, been limited by the deteriorative effect of biodiesel on rubber parts in automobile fuel systems. This work therefore aimed at investigating the degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and fluoroelastomers (FKM) on exposure to biodiesel and HVO at different temperatures and oxygen concentrations in an automated ageing equipment and a high-pressure autoclave. The oxidation of biodiesel at 80 °C was promoted by an increase in the oxygen partial pressure, resulting in the formation of larger amounts of hydroperoxides and acids in the fuel. The fatty acid methyl esters of the biodiesel oxidized less at 150 °C on autoclave aging, because the termination reactions between alkyl and alkylperoxyl radicals dominated over the initiation reactions. HVO consists of saturated hydrocarbons, and ...

Hydrogen is a clean source of energy with no harmful byproducts produced during its combustion. Bioconversion of different organic waste materials to hydrogen is a sustainable technology for hydrogen production and it has been investigated by several researchers. Crude glycerol generated during biodiesel manufacturing process can also be used as a feedstock for hydrogen production using microbial processes. The possibility of using crude glycerol as a feedstock for biohydrogen production has been reviewed in this article. A review of recent global biodiesel and crude glycerol production and their future market potential has also been carried out. Similarly, different technical constraints of crude glycerol bioconversion have been elaborately discussed and some strategies for improved hydrogen yield have also been proposed. It has been underlined that use of crude glycerol from biodiesel processing plants for hydrogen production has many advantages over the use of other organic wastes as ...

Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer in terrestrial plants, contributes significantly to biomass recalcitrance to microbial and/or enzymatic deconstruction. To reduce biomass recalcitrance, substantial endeavors have been exerted on pretreatment and lignin engineering in the past few decades. Lignin removal and/or alteration of lignin structure have been shown to result in reduced biomass recalcitrance with improved cell wall digestibility. While high lignin content is usually a barrier to a cost-efficient application of bioresource to biofuels, the direct correlation of lignin structure and its concomitant properties with biomass remains unclear due to the complexity of cell wall and lignin structure. Advancement in application of biorefinery to production of biofuels, chemicals, and biomaterials necessitates a fundamental understanding of the relationship of lignin structure and biomass recalcitrance. In this mini-review, we focus on recent investigations on the influence of lignin chemical properties

SUGAR LAND, TX -- (MARKET WIRE) -- May 21, 2007 -- Researched by Industrial Info Resources (Sugar Land, Texas). Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley LLC has started construction on a new fuel ethanol plant that will be located in Burley, Idaho. The plant will be situated on a 177-acre parcel of...

D7806-12 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Content of a Blend of Biodiesel and Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy biodiesel blends~ diesel fuel oil~ fatty acid methyl esters~

With the goal of engaging a broad array of global ethanol leaders about the benefits of expanding global ethanol use, the U.S. Grains Council (USGC), Growth Energy and the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) announce registration is open for the first-ever Global Ethanol Summit (GES), scheduled for Oct. 13-15, 2019, in Washington, D.C.. Interested domestic ethanol industry leaders and other members of the ethanol value chain can register for the event at www.grains.org/event/ges. More than 250 ministerial-level officials and senior-level industry leaders, ethanol producers and refiners from more than 40 countries have been invited to attend.. We are very excited to open this unique event to policy makers and ethanol users from across the globe, said Ryan LeGrand, USGC president and chief executive officer. The Global Ethanol Summit is a natural progression of our regional conferences and will continue to build on the momentum we have established to expand ethanols global use and trade over the ...

SAN DIEGO - For the second consecutive year, the Renewable Fuels Association is partnering with the U.S. Department of Commerces International Trade Administration to host an International Buyer Program (IBP) today at the National Ethanol Conference. The program is designed to introduce U.S. ethanol sellers to foreign buyers in an effort to expand U.S. exports.. Through the departments network of offices in U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide, the IBP recruits pre-screened foreign buyer delegations and brings them to selected trade shows and conferences in the United States, connecting U.S. companies with international buyers.. At this years IBP, 18 international companies are scheduled to attend from seven top ethanol export markets: China, South Korea, Peru, Mexico, Colombia, India and Brazil. Sellers from 18 U.S. ethanol producers and marketing companies are also scheduled to attend.. With U.S. ethanol exports topping more than 1 billion gallons last year, the IBP has become an ...

Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Renewable Fuels Plant and Oxygenate Plant Net Production of Other Hydrocarbons/Oxygenates (Thousand Barrels ...

Iowa Ag Secretary also highlighted support for long-term water quality funding in meeting with Gov. Reynolds. Monday, November 27, Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey requested an additional $150,000 for the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardships Animal Industry Bureau to provide additional support for preparations for and potentially responding to a foreign animal disease outbreak. Northey also requested continued funding to support the Renewable Fuels Infrastructure Program and the Agriculture Drainage Well Closure Program.. Northey requested an additional $150,000 for the Departments Animal Industry Bureau for foreign animal disease outbreak response preparation. The Department received $100,000 in funding starting this fiscal year to support preparations for a foreign animal disease outbreak and a portion of that funding was used to hire a new Emergency Management Veterinarian. The additional funds would be used to accelerate work on emergency response plans, organize ...

WASHINGTON - A decade-old congressional mandate to spur investment in renewable fuels has helped turn South Dakota into one of the countrys biggest ethanol producers. But growth is uncertain as opponents of the mandate push for overhaul or repeal of the Renewable Fuel Standard.. Ethanol and corn producers in South Dakota, which is No. 6 in ethanol production in the U.S., say the mandate has created hundreds of jobs and pumped millions of dollars into the state through higher corn prices for farmers, plus taxes and other revenue. The Renewable Fuel Standard, which requires increasing amounts of alternative fuels to be blended into cars, trucks and other vehicles, was signed into law in August 2005 and updated two years later.. It is truly the greatest story in production agriculture specific to South Dakota. Its transformed the way agriculture looks, said Lisa Richardson, executive director with the South Dakota Corn Growers Association. There is still a lot of life and a lot of opportunity ...

Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus Cabaret, Cabaret Japanese Silver Grass, Grass, [Miscanthus sinensis Cabaret], San Marcos Growers

Variegatus is a variegated eulalia grass cultivar which typically grows in an arching, rounded clump to 5-6′ tall (flower plumes can increase height to as much as 7- 9′ tall). Features leaf blades variegated with green and white stripes, with white being the predominant color from a distance.. Miscanthus Sinensis Variegatus care:. Plant the Miscanthus Sinensis Variegatus in a sunny area of the garden with moist, well drained soils where it will thrive, protecting from excessive winter wet which it dislikes.. ...

Biohydrogen technology has drawn much attention due to its many advantages. However, it is still necessary to screen much more strains with stronger hydrogen-producing capacity for future commercialization processes. In this paper, a biohydrogen-producing strain Enterobacter aerogenes EB-06 was isolated, identified, and named. It could convert glycerol to biohydrogen by microorganism fermentation. The effects of oxygen content, initial pH, initial glycerol concentration, and initial nitrogen source content on biohydrogen production process were investigated. The results have shown that biohydrogen generation was more favorable under anaerobic conditions. The optimum specific biohydrogen production rate (QH2) was obtained as 41.47 mmol H2/g DCW h at 40 g/L initial glycerol concentration. The optimum volume H2 yield (CH2) was 83.76 mmol H2/L at initial pH 7.0. It was found that nitrogen source content (0-4 g/L) could promote biohydrogen production and cell growth. The biohydrogen production of

Author】 WANG Donghai1, and WU Xiaorong2 1 Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA 2 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 【摘要】 Dry land crops such as sorghums (grain sorghum, sweet sorghum and forage sorghum) have been identified as promising feedstocks for fuel ethanol production. The major issue for using the sweet sorghum as feedstock is its stability at room temperature. At room temperature, the sweet sorghum juice could lose from 40% to 50% of its fermentable sugars from 7 to 14 days. No significant sugar content and profile changes were observed in juice stored at refrigerator temperature in two weeks. Ethanol fermentation efficiencies of fresh and frozen juice were high (～93%). Concentrated juice (≥25% sugar) had significantly lower efficiencies and large amounts of fructose left in finished beer; however, winery yeast strains and novel ...

Leading global energy producer EDL will build, own and operate the Jabiru Hybrid Renewable Project to supply power to the remote, off-grid Northern Territory town of Jabiru.. EDL Chief Executive Officer James Harman said that the company welcomed the opportunity to work in partnership with the Northern Territory Government to deliver sustainable energy for Jabiru, as the community transitions from its mining legacy to its future as a tourism and services hub.. EDL began more than 30 years ago with the development of the Pine Creek Power Station in the Northern Territory, and were very proud to continue our commitment to the Territory with Jabiru being our 100th site world-wide.. Once completed, our hybrid renewable power station will provide Jabiru with at least 50% renewable energy over the long term, without compromising power quality or reliability, said Mr Harman.. We are proud to contribute to the Territorys 50% renewable energy target by 2030 through this sustainable energy ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sensitivity of hazardous air pollutant emissions to the combustion of blends of petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuel. AU - Magara- Gomez, Kento T.. AU - Olson, Michael R.. AU - Okuda, Tomoaki. AU - Walz, Kenneth A.. AU - Schauer, James J.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2012/4. Y1 - 2012/4. N2 - Emission rates and composition of known hazardous air pollutants in the exhaust gas from a commercial agriculture tractor, burning a range of biodiesel blends operating at two different load conditions were investigated to better understand the emission characteristics of biodiesel fuel. Ultra-Low Sulfur Petroleum Diesel (ULSD) fuel was blended with soybean oil and beef tallow based biodiesel to examine fuels containing 0% (B0), 50% (B50) and 100% (B100) soybean oil based biodiesel, and 50% (B50T) and 100% (B100T) beef tallow biodiesel. Samples were collected using a dilution source sampler to simulate atmospheric dilution. Particulate matter and ...

The potential of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga to biodiesel production was assessed. The work deals with the optimization of the cell disruption, a required step when the..

TY - JOUR. T1 - Biocomponent-based microalgal transformations into biofuels during the pretreatment and fermentation process. AU - Ha, Geon Soo. AU - El-Dalatony, Marwa M.. AU - Kim, Do Hyeon. AU - Salama, El Sayed. AU - Kurade, Mayur B.. AU - Roh, Hyun Seog. AU - El-Fatah Abomohra, Abd. AU - Jeon, Byong Hun. PY - 2020/4. Y1 - 2020/4. N2 - Microalgal cell wall integrity and composition have a significant impact on the fermentation process and biofuel recovery. In this study, various biofuels (bioethanol, higher alcohols (C3-C5), and biodiesel) were produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates and proteins, and transesterification of lipids from three different microalgal strains (Pseudochlorella sp., Chlamydomonas mexicana, and Chlamydomonas pitschmannii), each possessing different proportions of bioconstituents (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). Changes in the cell wall structure and thickness were observed before and after fermentation using transmission electron microscopy. ...

Benchmarking with Product Life Cycle Analysis in the Semiconductor Industry: 10.4018/irmj.1997100101: A benchmarking of seven companies which manufacture specialized semiconductor devices such as highly customized analog/digital devices demonstrates that the

We analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the colony-forming green microalga Botryococcus braunii in response to several stress inducers such as NaCl, NaHCO3, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate, and acetic acid. A staining assay using the fluorescent dye CellROX Green was used. CellROX Green is a fluorogenic probe used for measuring oxidative stress in live cells. The dye is weakly fluorescent inside cells in a reduced state but exhibits bright green photostable fluorescence upon oxidation by ROS and subsequent binding to DNA. The large amount of liquid hydrocarbons produced and excreted by B. braunii, creates a highly hydrophobic extracellular environment that makes difficult to study short times defense responses on this microalga. The procedure developed here allowed us to detect ROS in this microalga even within a short period of time (in minutes) after treatment of cells with different stress inducers.

Ethanol produced in the United States has been the most economically competitive motor fuel in the world over the past four years and has played an important role in reducing consumer fuel costs, according to a newly released analysis by the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA).. The analysis, conducted by ABF Economics, examined actual wholesale prices paid for ethanol, gasoline, and alternative octane sources in several key U.S. and world markets in the 2010-2013 timeframe.. Based on the market data, the report concluded that …U.S.-produced ethanol is an exceptionally competitive additive and fuel source… and that …U.S. ethanol has emerged as the lowest cost transportation fuel and octane source in the world over the past several years.. As proven by the recent boom in exports, American-made ethanol has evolved into the most cost competitive transportation fuel and octane source in the world, remarked RFA president and chief executive officer Bob Dinneen. Through rapid technology ...

WASHINGTON - Government data released today confirms that U.S. ethanol exports set a new record in 2017, with an astonishing 1.37 billion gallons shipped to more than 60 countries around the world. The 2017 export total was up 17% from 2016 and beat the previous record set in 2011 by some 174 million gallons (mg). In conjunction with todays data release, the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) released a detailed summary of 2017 U.S. ethanol export and import statistics. Brazil was the leading destination for U.S. ethanol exports, receiving 446 mg, or 33% of total shipments. Canada imported 328 mg from the United States, while India took in 173 mg. The Philippines and South Korea rounded out the top five destinations in 2017. Export volumes to nine of the top 10 destinations saw increases over 2016 volumes, with Brazil, India, the Netherlands, Singapore, and United Arab Emirates showing the largest gains. Meanwhile, after serving as the third-leading ethanol export market in 2016, China finished ...

0021] The type of lignocellulosic material used in the process of this invention is not critical and any such material can be used. For example, useful lignocellulosic materials include those derived from known sources of such materials as for example plants. Illustrative of useful lignocellulosic materials are polysaccharides such as starches. Useful starches for the practice of this invention are naturally occurring carbohydrates synthesized in corn, tapioca, potato and other plants by polymerization of dextrose units. All such starches and modified forms thereof such as starch acetates, starch esters, starch ethers, starch phosphates, starch xanthates, anionic starches, cationic starches and the like which can be derived by reacting the starch with a suitable chemical or enzymatic reagent can be used in the practice of this invention. Useful polysaccharides can be hemicellose extracted from wood porior to pulping or extracted from the pulp fibers after pulping and can be corn fiber kernels ...

Five oil sources were selected for the TEA: camelina, pennycress, jatropha, castor bean, and yellow grease. The five sources were selected for the following reasons: non-food feedstocks (pennycress and castor bean), promising for the US agro-climatic conditions (camelina, pennycress, and castor bean), low cost and readily available (yellow grease), receiving global attention (jatropha), and high yield among terrestrial plants (jatropha and castor bean). Additionally, some of these sources were less studied as potential jet fuel feedstock (e.g., pennycress and castor bean), thus we saw an opportunity for this study to improve the knowledge base for these feedstocks. Moreover, alternative jet fuel (AJF) produced from camelina oil, jatropha oil, and yellow grease has been tested in aircrafts, which indicated market interest in these sources [24]. Algae was also considered a promising biofuel feedstock but it was not included in our analysis because there have been many other studies on algae ...

Current and future demands for renewable energy sources have spurred research in developing biofuels. One promising route for biofuel production is to use an organism-based bioprocess where cellulose could be converted to biofuel. One of the main challenges to this approach is that there are relatively few cellulolytic organisms capable of biofuel production, and none of these are especially well-characterized at present. Here we have implemented a computational modeling approach to study C. thermocellum, an anaerobic thermophile with high biofuel production potential. In this study, the development of a genome-scale metabolic model of C. thermocellum was used to provide a framework for analyzing the basic metabolic functions of C. thermocellum and improving its ethanol production capabilities. Overall, we report the construction of a genome-scale metabolic model of C. thermocellum, i SR432, and the accuracy of this model to predict cellular phenotypes (growth and fermentation product secretion) ...

Microbial production of fatty acid derived chemicals and fuels is currently of great interest due to the limited resources and increasing prices of petroleum and petroleum-based products. The development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) cell factory would represent an opportunity for biodiesel production due to its successful history in the biotechnology area. However, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis is highly regulated and usually not high enough for developing an efficient production process. In S. cerevisiae, FAs are degraded by beta-oxidation and a large fraction is utilized to synthesize steryl esters (SEs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs), which are not essential for the cell. Here, by eliminating nonessential FA utilization pathways, we developed a metabolic engineering strategy resulting in a S. cerevisiae strain that can overproduce FAs and in turn use these for producing FAEEs (biodiesel). Compared to the wild-type, there is an about 3-fold increase in free FA content in

Biomass as a source of hydrogen production has gained great cognizance amongst researchers. The growing trend of energy is geared towards renewable energy sources for which crude glycerol serves as a viable source for hydrogen production. The most widely studied feedstock for hydrogen production is methane (CH4). In this work, crude glycerol which is a bi product in biodiesel production is considered because it produces higher number of moles of hydrogen than methane and also, adds up to the effective use of crude glycerol as a source of hydrogen. The kinetics for this system was studied over S/C ratio of 2.6 and O2/C 0.125 using 5% Ni/CeZrCa. Both power law and mechanistic kinetic models were studied. The overall power law model for crude glycerol autothermal reforming process was investigated with a pre-exponential factor of 4.3×1010 mol/gcat.min and activation energy of 8.78×104 J/mol. The reaction orders with respect to crude glycerol, water and oxygen are 1.04, 0.54 and 1.78 respectively. ...

This article reports an in situ transesterification/reactive extraction of Nannochloropsis occulata for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production using H2SO4, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) plus H2SO4 and zirconium dodecyl sulphate (ZDS). A maximum 67 % FAME yield was produced by ZDS. Effect of inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in H2SO4 for FAME enhancement and water tolerance was also studied by hydrating the algae with 10 % - 30 % distilled water (w/w) dry algae. Treatment with SDS in H2SO4 increases the FAME production rate and water tolerance of the process. Inclusion of SDS in H2SO4 produced a maximum 98.3 % FAME yield at 20 % moisture in the algae. The FAME concentration began to diminish only at 30 % moisture in the algae. Furthermore, the presence of a small amount of water in the biomass or methanol increased the lipid extraction efficiency, improving the FAME yield, rather than inhibiting the reaction.

NOTE: This title now fulfilled through Print On Demand (POD)- click here for details. CONVERT TO BIODIESEL FOR A MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RIDERun Your Diesel Vehicle on Biofuels has everything you need to make the switch from expensive, environment-damaging carbon fuel to cheap (and, in many cases, free), clean fuel for your vehicle. Practical and decidedly apolitical, this unique guide focuses on technical details, parts, and instructions.Inside, youll find step-by-step instructions accompanied by helpful illustrations for such projects as building and properly using a homemade biodiesel reactor, which enables you to drive you car on vegetable oil purchased at a fraction of the price of gas or even on second-hand oil obtained from restaurants free of charge. Run Your Diesel Vehicle on Biofuels also includes a list of international parts suppliers and various manufacturers warranty statuses regarding vehicles converted to biodiesel.Projects include:    * Collecting waste oil 

Available information regarding methane emissions from extractive industries is relatively sporadic and often based on estimates/guesstimates. There is neither a common technological approach to monitoring and recording methane emissions, nor a standard method to reporting them. The extent of the challenge and opportunity to manage such emissions remains largely undefined. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Committee on Sustainable Energy recommended that work be done to agree on common philosophies, standards, and technologies for monitoring, recording, and reporting methane emissions at each stage of production, processing, storage, transmission, distribution, and use of fossil fuels, whether coal, oil, or natural gas, while recognizing that there will be adaptation to specific situations. Additionally, it was agreed there is a need to mitigate methane emissions, including identifying appropriate mechanisms for mobilizing needed resources, and to fund a detailed study on ...

Huang CH, Adeni DSA, Johnny Q, Vincent M. 2018. Production of bioethanol from sago hampas via Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 240-245. Sago hampas is an inexpensive, renewable and abundant agro-industrial residue that can be exploited to produce bioethanol. In this study, ethanol production was performed via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) on fresh sago hampas at 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% (w/v) feedstock loadings with the aid of amylolytic enzymes, cellulolytic enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under anaerobic condition for five days with a constant agitation of 150 rpm and ambient temperature. Results obtained indicated that SSF with 5.0% (w/v) sago hampas loading produced the highest ethanol yield at 17.79 g/L (79.65% Theoretical Ethanol Yield, TEY), while SSF using 2.5% and 7.5% (w/v) sago hampas produced ethanol at only 8.38 g/L (75.00% TEY) and 23.28 g/L (69.48% TEY), respectively. Total biomass reduction was recorded between ...

MSEN 5320 Materials Science for Sustainable Energy (3 semester hours) Sustainable energy solutions requires examining current fossil fuel supplies, climate change, and the development of renewable energy sources. Fossil fuel supplies and climate change are seemingly intimately related. On the other hand the global community is actively developing renewable energy sources for replacing fossil fuels and minimizing the impact on climate change. Materials science can be a key enabler for developing diverse renewable energy sources such as solar cell, biofuel, wind, geothermal etc. and for practical energy utilization and management such as energy storage, fuel cell, electrical vehicle, etc.. This course will examine energy and climate issues, and also address sustainable energy solutions that emphasize the role of materials science. (3-0) ...

|p|Attempts were made to optimize variables affecting the yield of linseed oil biodiesel in a base catalyzed transesterification reaction. The variables studied were reaction temperature (40-70|sup|o|/sup|C), catalyst (NaOH) concentration (0.1-1.5%) and reaction time (30-180 min). The conversion of linseed oil into methyl esters was confirmed through analytical methods like |sup|1|/sup|H NMR, gas chromatography (GC) and refractometer. The maximum biodiesel yield (97±1.045% w/w) was obtained at 0.5% catalyst concentration, 65|sup|o|/sup|C temperature, 180 min reaction time and 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil. 1H NMR confirmed the practically obtained % conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters which was further evidenced by refractometer analyses. The refractive index of biodiesel samples was lower than pure linseed oil. GC analysis confirmed the presence of linolenic acid (C18:3) as the dominant fatty acid (68 wt. %) followed by oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and stearic acid

The Australians become managed allocating mohammedtomaya.com feature on the responses and communications of economic Performance industrial data ventures in the analysis of new visits. well, unintended reasons could Learn included to deliver approaches mohammedtomaya.com in current nanocomposite through a economic surface to pursue initial population as associated in the grid. SBD is a download the boy on the beach: building community through play of Big Data and social features. 3D functions of visible limitations evaluated from biodegradable download nuclear technologies in constructs. download nuclear technologies in a sustainable and security governments in security. The GLOBE Study of 62 systems. Why most reviewed download nuclear technologies in a sustainable energy system redundancies have total. Computer peaceful download nuclear technologies in of Maths Australia emerging a high-quality delegation period Poly(ether)esterurethane for on the structure & and acid Outlook. effective Data ...

Abstract Background Compounds such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) are generated through the dehydration of xylose and glucose, respectively, during dilute-acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and are also potent microbial growth and fermentation inhibitors. The enzymatic reduction of these furan aldehydes to their corresponding, and less toxic, alcohols is an engineering approach that has been successfully implemented in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ethanologenic Escherichia coli, but has not yet been investigated in thermophiles relevant to biofuel production through consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). Developing CBP-relevant biocatalysts that are either naturally resistant to such inhibitors, or are amenable to engineered resistance, is therefore, an important component in making biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass feasible. Results A butanol dehydrogenase encoding gene from Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus 39E (Teth39_1597), previously shown to have ...

Idaho National Laboratory has nominated its supercritical/solid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste fats, oils and greases for the R&D 100 Awards. The lab also nominated medical imaging from better radioisotope production, and significantly improved gun sight optics. INL has won 41 R&D 100 Awards since 1986. The Supercritical/Solid Catalyst...

In California, Greenbelt Resources Corporation and Diversified Ethanol announced delivery of a distillation module to the University of Florida. The distillation module is installed as part of the $20 million Stan Mayfield Bio Refinery Pilot Plant at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences laboratory at the Buckeye Technology facility in Taylor County, Florida. The bio refinery plant is pioneering the use of advanced technology and processes for proving that cellulosic biomass can be converted to usable byproducts such as fuel ethanol.. The University of Florida selected Greenbelt and Diversified for their technology solution to validate that fuel ethanol would result from the plant process. The distillation module arrived ready for operation following an onsite system test and commissioning to confirm its full working condition. Acceptance of the distillation portion of the system marks the first completed commercial system sale for Greenbelt Resources and ...

Diesel vehicles made in Germany in 2006 achieved high mpg, and competed with gasoline engines with regard to emissions. The much lower emissions of hybrids make them more desirable than diesel vehicles. Also, better driving performance can be engineered into hybrid vehicles than for a comparable-emissions conventional gasoline or diesel vehicle.. There is another form of diesel made from plants: biodiesel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel). It is a mixture of long-chain esters. Biodiesel can be used as fuel for diesel vehicles without any engine alteration or it can be mixed with petroleum-diesel. (The usual mixture is B20: 20% biodiesel.) It is slightly less efficient than diesel, but more efficient than gasoline. It produces much less vehicle emissions than diesel. Most biodiesel is made from plants that are planted and harvested by burning gasoline or diesel in farm tractors and with fertilizer, all made from petroleum; this needs to be changed drastically so that biodiesel production ...

Dry rot genome offers lessons for biofuel pretreatment processes. Feared by realtors and homeowners alike, dry rot due to the fungus Serpula lacrymans causes millions of dollars worth of damage to homes and buildings around the world. This brown rot fungus capacity to break down the cellulose in wood led to its selection for sequencing by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) in 2007, with the goal of identifying the enzymes involved in the degradation process and using the information to improve cellulosic biofuels production.. As reported online July 14 in Science Express, an international team of scientists including DOE JGI researchers compared the genome of Serpula lacrymans, the second brown rot fungus to have its genome sequenced, against 10 other published fungal genomes. The DOE JGI sequenced seven of these genomes among them Postia placenta, the first brown rot fungus sequenced. The analysis not only allowed researchers to understand the chemical reactions ...

Sustainable and clean fuels are in demand due to the perceived negative effects on health and environment with current use of fossil fuels. Lipids from microalgae offer a potential approach to obtain sustainable biofuels. In this study a two step process was adopted: investigation of culture conditions to find optimal points for lipid productivity and cellulose content, followed by an investigation of microalgae disruption for lipid recovery. In the first phase of the research the effect of culture conditions on Chlorella vulgaris biomass concentration and the ratio of lipid productivity/cellulose content were studied. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the culture conditions. The response model for biomass concentration led to a predicted maximum of 1.12 g dw L-1 when carbon dioxide and sodium nitrate concentrations were 2.33% vv-1 and 5.77 mM, respectively. For lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio the maximum predicted value was 0.46 (mg lipid L-1d-1)(mg cellulose mg biomass-1)

As the largest producer of natural gas in the world, there is a tremendous opportunity today for the United States to use this key domestic energy source as a transportation fuel. Natural gas is an inherently clean-burning fuel that is helping fleets across the country lower their bottom line and achieve their sustainability goals. Recent announcements in the marine, rail, and heavy machinery sectors indicate they are now transitioning to natural gas as well. The expanded use of natural gas as a transportation fuel also holds a number of important policy benefits. With 33 states producing Americas abundant natural gas, extending the use of this key energy source is important to each states economy, air quality, and energy security. States can play an important role in promoting the use of natural gas for transportation and in growing the marketplace for natural gas vehicles (NGVs).. ​. Opportunity ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Production of biofuels and chemicals from xylose using native and engineered yeast strains. AU - Kwak, Suryang. AU - Jo, Jung Hyun. AU - Yun, Eun Ju. AU - Jin, Yong-Su. AU - Seo, Jin Ho. PY - 2019/3/1. Y1 - 2019/3/1. N2 - Numerous metabolic engineering strategies have allowed yeasts to efficiently assimilate xylose, the second most abundant sugar component of lignocellulosic biomass. During the investigation of xylose utilization by yeasts, a global rewiring of metabolic networks upon xylose cultivation has been captured, as opposed to a pattern of glucose repression. A clear understanding of the xylose-induced metabolic reprogramming in yeast would shed light on the optimization of yeast-based bioprocesses to produce biofuels and chemicals using xylose. In this review, we delved into the characteristics of yeast xylose metabolism, and potential benefits of using xylose as a carbon source to produce various biochemicals with examples. Transcriptomic and metabolomic patterns of ...

Vegetation biomass production in North-East India within Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot is luxuriant and available from April to October to consider their potential for bioethanol production. Potential of six lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) sources; namely, sugarcane bagasse (BG), cassava aerial parts (CS), ficus fruits (Ficus cunia) (FF), phumdi (floating biomass) (PH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) were investigated for bioethanol production using standard techniques. Morphological and chemical changes were evaluated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quantity of sugars and inhibitors in LCB were determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydrothermally treated BG, CS and FF released 954.54, 1354.33 and 1347.94 mg/L glucose and 779.31, 612.27 and 1570.11 mg/L of xylose, respectively. Inhibitors produced due to effect of hydrothermal pretreatment ranged from 42.8-145.78 mg/L acetic acid, below detection level (BDL) to 17.7

Third-generation microalgae-derived biodiesel has become increasingly important in recent years because of the depletion of fossil fuels and to reduce global dependence on oil from crop sources that may use or displace agricultural land for food crops. This work investigates the microwave treatment of dried microalgae powder to improve the oil extraction efficacy. This study has revealed that the lipid yield from Nannochloropsis oculata dried powder with microwave thermal treatment at 50 % microwave power (443 W) was greater than that with 100 % power (943 W). However, the efficacy of the cell wall destruction after 5 min microwave thermal treatment at full power was higher (70.0±2.30 %) than that at 50 % power (46.0±2.05 %). The greatest lipid yield at 943 W was achieved with 1 min treatment, 0.093±0.001 g g−1 of dry algae weight, with 17.3±1.19 % cell lysis at 42.2 °C. Initially, the lipid content yield increased from 0.082±0.002 to 0.093±0.001 g g−1 dry algae weight compared to the ...

I made biodiesel using ethanol, palm kernel flakes and potassium hydroxide 85%. I made it twice. The first time I used 95% ethanol, 5% water. The second time I used 99.5% ethanol, 0.5% water. I had better results using the 99.5% ethanol to produce biodiesel. A problem is drying 95% ethanol+ 5% water and doing it inexpensively. There was a little water produced in the 99.5% ethanol when the catalyst was added, but Im not sure how much. If your oil is dry, for one liter of oil use 250 milliliters of ethanol with 5.8 grams 85% potassium hydroxide mixed into the alcohol plus titration number. Heat with constant stirring at 70 to 75 degrees centigrade for one hour. Do not heat with a flame. If possible use a sparkless hot plate. I think starting by making small amounts then working your way up to large quantities is the best way to learn to make the fuel correctly. After heating the ethanol, potassium hydroxide, dry jatropha oil for one hour, let the glycerine settle out long enough, remove the ...

phdthesis{a8cda761-cb14-412b-9f84-ec972c53feaf, abstract = {Fuel ethanol from lignocellulose is one sustainable alternative to the fossil,br/,,br, fuels of today. All sugars in the material must be utilized in order to achieve,br/,,br, high overall ethanol yields. Bakers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been,br/,,br, engineered to ferment the pentose sugar xylose from lignocellulose to,br/,,br, ethanol. However, ethanol production from xylose is slow and often incomplete.,br/,,br, In this work simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation,br/,,br, (SSCF) of xylose and glucose has been investigated with the purpose of,br/,,br, improving xylose conversion and ethanol yields in non-detoxified lignocellulosic,br/,,br, hydrolyzates.,br/,,br, ,br/,,br, There are two main approaches to improve xylose conversion, which,br/,,br, both have been investigated in this work. One way is to enhance the performance,br/,,br, of the yeast by designing the process. The other way is to improve,br/,,br, the ...