TY - JOUR. T1 - Applicability of short-term accelerated biofouling studies to predict long-term biofouling accumulation in reverse osmosis membrane systems. AU - Sanawar, Huma. AU - Siddiqui, Amber. AU - Bucs, Szilard. AU - Siddiqui, Amber. AU - van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.. AU - Kruithof, J.C.. AU - Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S.. N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Evides Industriewater for funding this research project.. PY - 2017. Y1 - 2017. N2 - Biofouling studies addressing biofouling control are mostly executed in short-term studies. It is unclear whether data collected from these experiments are representative for long-term biofouling as occurring in full-scale membrane systems. This study investigated whether short-term biofouling studies accelerated by biodegradable nutrient dosage to feed water were predictive for long-term biofouling development without nutrient ...

Feed spacers are an essential part of spiral-wound reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane modules. Geometric modification of feed spacers is a potential option to reduce the impact of biofouling on the performance of membrane systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofouling potential of two commercially available reference feed spacers and four modified feed spacers. The spacers were compared on hydraulic characterization and in biofouling studies with membrane fouling simulators (MFSs). The virgin feed spacer was characterized hydraulically by their resistance, measured in terms of feed channel pressure drop, performed by operating MFSs at varying feed water flow rates. Short-term (9 days) biofouling studies were carried out with nutrient dosage to the MFS feed water to accelerate the biofouling rate. Long-term (96 days) biofouling studies were done without nutrient dosage to the MFS feed water. Feed channel pressure drop was monitored and accumulation of ...

Governments and industry spend more than US$5.7 billion annually to prevent and control marine biofouling.[10] Biofouling occurs everywhere but is most significant economically to the shipping industries, since fouling on a ships hull significantly increases drag, reducing the overall hydrodynamic performance of the vessel, and increases the fuel consumption.[11]. Biofouling is also found in almost all circumstances where water-based liquids are in contact with other materials. Industrially important impacts are on the maintenance of mariculture, membrane systems (e.g., membrane bioreactors and reverse osmosis spiral wound membranes) and cooling water cycles of large industrial equipment and power stations. Biofouling can occur in oil pipelines carrying oils with entrained water, especially those carrying used oils, cutting oils, oils rendered water-soluble through emulsification, and hydraulic oils. Other mechanisms impacted by biofouling include microelectrochemical drug delivery devices, ...

Quorum Quenching (QQ) has been developed over the last few years to overcome practical issues related to membrane biofouling, which is currently the major difficulty thwarting the extensive development of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). QQ is the disruption of Quorum Sensing (QS), cell-to-cell communication enabling the bacteria to harmonize their behavior. The production of biofilm, which is recognized as a major part of the biocake formed on a membrane surface, and which leads to biofouling, has been found to be one of the bacterial behaviors controlled by QS. Since the enzymatic disruption of QS was reported to be efficient as a membrane biofouling mitigation technique in MBRs, the application of QQ to lab-scale MBRs has been the subject of much research using different approaches under different operating conditions. This paper gives an overview of the effectiveness of QQ in mitigating membrane biofouling in MBRs. It is based on the results of previous studies, using two microbial strains, ...

Control of biofouling on seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes is a major challenge as treatments can be expensive, damage the membrane material and often biocides do not remove the polymers in which bacteria are embedded. Biological control has been largely ignored for biofouling control. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of xanthine oxidase enzyme against complex fouling communities and then identify naturally occurring bacterial strains that produce the free radical generating enzyme. Initially, 64 bacterial strains were isolated from different locations of the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant. In our preceding study, 25/64 isolates were selected from the culture collection as models for biofouling studies, based on their prevalence in comparison to the genomic bacterial community. In this study, screening of these model strains was performed using a nitroblue tetrazolium assay in the presence of hypoxanthine as substrate. Enzyme activity was measured by ...

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising desalination technology which allows to achieve high salt rejection at low energy expenses as compared to conventional desalination processes. However, just like in any other membrane separation process, the MD membrane is susceptible to biofouling which is one of the critical problems in membrane-based systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of spacer design and feed temperature on the biofilm formation and proliferation in a flat-sheet direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) used for desalination of the Red Sea water. Two types of spacers (Standard & 1-Hole) were designed to evaluate their efficiency in biofouling mitigation at three different feed water temperatures (47 °C, 55 °C and 65 °C). Our results showed that while 1-hole spacer was more efficient in reducing biofouling at 47 °C (permeate flux declines of 73.2% and 79.6% after 5 days of DCMD process using 1-hole and standard spacers, respectively). Standard spacer ...

Bacteria regulate specific group behaviors such as biofilm formation in response to population density using small signal molecules called autoinducers (quorum sensing, QS). In this study, the concept of bacterial QS was applied to membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for advanced wastewater treatment as a new biofouling control paradigm. The research was conducted in three phases: (1) demonstrate the presence of the autoinducer signal in MBRs, (2) correlate QS activity and membrane biofouling, (3) apply QS-based membrane biofouling control. A bioassay with Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain proved that N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducers were produced in the MBR. Furthermore, thinlayer chromatographic analysis identified at least three different AHLs in the biocake, of which N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone was the most abundant. During continuous MBR operation, the biocakeshowedstrongAHLactivity simultaneously with abrupt increase in the transmembrane pressure, which implies that QS is in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Recent advances in mitigating membrane biofouling using carbon-based materials. AU - Wu, Yichao. AU - Xia, Yinfeng. AU - Jing, Xinxin. AU - Cai, Peng. AU - Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani. AU - Tang, Chuyang. AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.. AU - Ok, Yong Sik. PY - 2020/1/15. Y1 - 2020/1/15. N2 - Biofouling is the Achilles Heel of membrane processes. The accumulation of organic foulants and growth of microorganisms on the membrane surface reduce the permeability, shorten the membrane life, and increase the energy consumption. Advancements in novel carbon-based materials (CBMs) present significant opportunities in mitigating biofouling of membrane processes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the application of CBMs in antibiofouling membrane. It starts with a detailed summary of the different antibiofouling mechanisms of CBM-containing membrane systems. Next, developments in membrane modification using CBMs, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene ...

Biofouling Inspectors assist with invasive marine species (IMS) inspections of vessels, the creation of biofouling management plans, and providing other marine biosecurity advice to vessel managers and stakeholders.. Biofouling Inspectors are highly specialised professionals. To provide guidance and standards on what is expected of inspectors, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) has developed three documents (below): DPIRD considers these to be the best practice approach for all IMS inspections. The use of a suitably qualified person provides DPIRD with a level of confidence that a vessels risk has been appropriately managed to a low/acceptable level. This can minimise potential delays to vessel mobilisations.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Transparent exopolymer particles. T2 - From aquatic environments and engineered systems to membrane biofouling. AU - Bar-Zeev, Edo. AU - Passow, Uta. AU - Romero-Vargas Castrillón, Santiago. AU - Elimelech, Menachem. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2014 American Chemical Society.. PY - 2015/1/20. Y1 - 2015/1/20. N2 - Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater environments. For the past two decades, the distribution and ecological roles of these polysaccharide microgels in aquatic systems were extensively investigated. More recent studies have implicated TEP as an active agent in biofilm formation and membrane fouling. Since biofouling is one of the main hurdles for efficient operation of membrane-based technologies, there is a heightened interest in understanding the role of TEP in engineered water systems. In this review, we describe relevant TEP terminologies while critically discussing TEP biological origin, biochemical and physical ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Monitoring biofouling potential using ATP-based bacterial growth potential in SWRO pre-treatment of a full-scale plant. AU - Abushaban, A.M.J.. AU - Salinas-Rodriguez, Sergio G.. AU - Kapala, Moses. AU - Pastorelli, Delia. AU - Schippers, Jan C.. AU - Mondal, Subhanjan. AU - Goueli, Said. AU - Kennedy, Maria D.. PY - 2020. Y1 - 2020. N2 - Several potential growth methods have been developed to monitor biological/organic fouling potential in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), but to date the correlation between these methods and biofouling of SWRO has not been demonstrated. In this research, the relation between a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based bacterial growth potential (BGP) test of SWRO feed water and SWRO membrane performance is investigated. For this purpose, the pre-treatment of a full-scale SWRO plant including dissolved air flotation (DAF) and two stage dual media filtration (DMF) was monitored for 5 months using BGP, orthophosphate, organic fractions by liquid ...

0036] According to another embodiment, spinosyns may be included in a conventional paint composition as the sole antifouling agent, or added in combination with other microbicides, antifouling agents, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, antibiotics, non toxic antifoulants, and natural products or extracts to produce an additive or synergistic effect on attachment of biofouling organisms. Suitable microbicides which may be added in combination with the spinosyn of the present invention include, but are not limited to: 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone; 2-methyl-3-isothiazolone; 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone; 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone; 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate; 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane; methylene-bis-thiocyanate; 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole; tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; 2-bromo-2-nitopropanediol; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; N,N-dimethylhydroxyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; bromochlorodimethylhydantoin; 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; ...

Marine biofouling poses a severe threat to maritime and aquaculture industries. To prevent the attachment of marine biofouling organisms on man-made structures, countless cost and effort were spent annually. In particular, most attention has been paid on the development of efficient and environmentally friendly fouling-resistant coatings, as well as larval settlement mechanism of several major biofouling invertebrates. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropost arrays were utilized as the settlement substrata and opposite tractions were identified during early settlement of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite and the bryozoan Bugula neritina. The settling A. amphitrite pushed the periphery microposts with an average traction force of 376.2 nN, while settling B. neritina pulled the periphery microposts with an average traction force of 205.9 nN. These micropost displacements are consistent with the body expansion of A. amphitrite during early post-settlement metamorphosis stage and ...

This paper aims to introduce one of the latest investigations on development of marine antifouling coatings and also to demonstrate the importance of the type of antifouling coatings on fouling accumulation and ship resistance/powering. First, marine biofouling and fouling prevention methods are reviewed. A recent research study (EU FP7 FOUL-X-SPEL Project) concerning a novel and environmentally friendly antifouling coating is presented and discussed. Next, a case study is carried out to assess the effect of fouling on ship resistance and powering. A vessel is selected and the roughness on the hull surface induced by different level of fouling is considered. The increase in frictional resistance and effective power is evaluated for each particular case by using boundary layer similarity law analysis and experimental data. The results emphasise that the type of antifouling coatings has a great importance on the amount of fouling accumulation, hence on ship performance especially in low ...

0023] An innovative method has been developed for the prevention and control of biofouling on an object that is immersed or partially immersed in a water environment in which there are one or more organic or inorganic compounds capable of releasing gas, comprising the step of applying to the surface of said object a composition comprising a polymeric resin and one or more enzymes or a paint and/or coating containing one or more enzymes, wherein the one or more enzymes are adapted to catalyze a reaction of said one or more compounds that lead to the formation of gas. The immersed or partially immersed object can be static or non-static, including any kind of floating object moved by an engine or other types of propulsion, such as for example, a sail, pedals, oars. The water environment can be of different nature, for example marine, lake or river environments. This eco-compatible product is based on the use of formulations containing enzymes, which have characteristics that have a low ...

Learn how HydroFLOW affects bacteria and algae and removes biofilm. Contact us today to see how to prevent algae and biofouling with Hydropath technology.

20150210 BiAqua B.V. - Mrs. Sandie Chauveau - Biofouling of membrane systems by phosphate limitation The start-up BiAqua developed a novel approach (invented by TUD) of combating bio-fouling by selective phosphate removal from the feed water, which stops the growth of micro-organisms. Phosphate is adsorbed to below 1 μg/l on a bio-degradable adsorbens, containing iron with good affinity to phosphate.. The adsorbens in a normal sand-filter or IX housing is operated as such and can be regenerated multiple times with caustic. Pilot on drinking water and secondary wastewater treatment effluent proved effective and stable, resulting in constant low pressure drop over RO modules that otherwise exhibited severe bio-fouling.. Applications in surface water, horticulture, cooling towers are developed with partners. Outlook for 2015 is demo scale. www.biaqua.nl. ...

Buy Biofilms, Bioadhesion, Corrosion, and Biofouling (9781578080137): NHBS - Edited By: Milton Fingerman, Rachakonda Nagabhushanam and Mary-Frances Thompson, Science Publishers

Article Case study - Biofouling in cooling basin. Al Futtaim Cooling district plant incorporated the LG Sonic technology into their chemical treatment program to reduce the biocide consumption in the cooling towers and improve the water quality.The C...

Years ago, mariners covered the hulls of vessels with copper sheeting to provide anti-fouling properties. Today, Corrocoat Biofoul, a heavy-duty anti-fouling coating, works in a similar way, presenting a protective, copper-rich surface to fouling agents. Applied by Leeds-based corrosion protection and engineering services specialist Corroserve, Biofoul is a non-toxic coating containing inorganic copper flakes. It is formulated as a durable, long-life coating that can withstand flow velocities in excess of 25 m/s. It works by the dissolution of metallic copper ions into the surrounding environment. . . .

Professional inflatable pvc film Manufacture, Details about High tensile strength, weatherability, waterproof, anti-fouling colored inflatable toys PVC film, inflatable pvc...

MiniCD4 protein resistance mutations affect binding to the HIV-1 gp120 CD4 binding site and decrease entry efficiency : Binding of the viral envelope protein (Env), and particularly of its gp120 subunit, to the cellular CD4 receptor is the first essential step of the HIV-1 entry process. The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120, and especially a recessed cavity occupied by the CD4 Phe43 residue, are known to be highly conserved among the different circulating subtypes and therefore constitute particularly interesting

Marine biofouling refers to the undesirable accumulation of living organisms including microorganisms, seaweeds, and animals on submerged surfaces (Callow and Callow, 2002). Among which, fouling invertebrates cause major damage to ship hulls and propulsors, block mariculture cages and water pipes, increase fuel consumption of marine transport, and therefore are one of the most serious problems of maritime and aquaculture industries (Yebra et al., 2004; Schultz et al., 2011; Clare, 1995). For instance, US navy vessels spend 180 to 260 million US dollars annually to control and prevent biofouling (Schultz et al., 2011). Historically, a variety of physical and chemical antifouling methods have been implemented (Qian et al., 2013). In particular, the most commonly employed practice is to coat submerged surfaces with biocidal paints, such as organotin, tributyltin (TBT), Irgarol 1051 and Sea-Nine 211 (Qian et al., 2013). Due to the threat to the marine environment revealed after a long-term ...

Research Corridor has published a new research study titled Seawater Desalination MembraneMarket - Growth, Share, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis and Forecast, 2017 - 2025. The Seawater Desalination Membranemarket report studies current as well as future aspects of the Seawater Desalination MembraneMarket based upon factors such as market dynamics, key ongoing trends and segmentation analysis. Apart from the above elements, the Seawater Desalination MembraneMarket research report provides a 360-degree view of the Seawater Desalination Membraneindustry with geographic segmentation, statistical forecast and the competitive landscape.. Browse the complete report at. http://www.researchcorridor.com/seawater-desalination-membrane-market/. Geographically, the Seawater Desalination MembraneMarket report comprises dedicated sections centering on the regional market revenue and trends. The Seawater Desalination Membranemarket has been segmented on the basis of geographic regions into North America, ...

In 2006, the Pacific Institute published Desalination, With a Grain of Salt, a comprehensive overview of the advantages and disadvantages of seawater desalination to help meet Californias water needs. In 2012, the Institute launched a series of research reports identifying the key outstanding issues for desalination in California: cost and financing; energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions; and marine impacts. That year, the Institute also released this white paper, which provides an overview on the proposed seawater desalination plants in the state. Maps are provided, along with the locations and details about Californias existing and proposed seawater desalination facilities. Interest in seawater desalination remains high in California. This white paper was updated in 2016.. ...

Biofouling remains a key challenge for membrane based water treatment systems. This study investigated the dispersal potential of the nitric oxide (NO) donor compound, PROLI NONOate, on single species biofilms formed by bacteria isolated from industrial membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, as well as on mixed species biofilms. The potential of PROLI NONOate to control RO membrane biofouling was also examined. Confocal microscopy revealed that different bacteria responded differently to PROLI NONOate exposure. However, the addition of NO induced dispersal in all but two of the bacteria tested and successfully reduced mixed species biofilms. The addition of 40 µM PROLI NONOate at 24 h intervals to a laboratory-scale RO system led to a 92% reduction in the rate of biofouling (pressure rise over a given period) by a bacterial community cultured from an industrial RO membrane. Confocal microscopy and EPS extraction revealed that PROLI NONOate treatment led to a 48% reduction in ...

In 1708, Charles Perry suggested copper sheathing explicitly as an anti-fouling device but the first experiments were not made until 1761 with the sheathing of HMS Alarm, after which the bottoms and sides of several ships keels and false keels were sheathed with copper plates.[25]. The copper performed well in protecting the hull from invasion by worm, and in preventing the growth of weed, for when in contact with water, the copper produced a poisonous film, composed mainly of oxychloride, that deterred these marine creatures. Furthermore, as this film was slightly soluble it gradually washed away, leaving no way for marine life to attach themselves to the ship.[citation needed] From about 1770, the Royal Navy set about coppering the bottoms of the entire fleet and continued to the end of the use of wooden ships. The process was so successful that the term copper-bottomed came to mean something that was highly dependable or risk free.. With the rise of iron hulls in the 19th century, copper ...

Bacterial surface fouling is problematic for a wide range of applications and industries, including, but not limited to medical devices (implants, replacement joints, stents, pacemakers), municipal infrastructure (pipes, wastewater treatment), food production (food processing surfaces, processing equipment), and transportation (ship hulls, aircraft fuel tanks). One method to combat bacterial biofouling is to modify the topographical structure of the surface in question, thereby limiting the ability of individual cells to attach to the surface, colonize, and form biofilms. Multiple research groups have demonstrated that micro and nanoscale topographies significantly reduce bacterial biofouling, for both individual cells and bacterial biofilms. Antifouling strategies that utilize engineered topographical surface features with well-defined dimensions and shapes have demonstrated a greater degree of controllable inhibition over initial cell attachment, in comparison to undefined, texturized, or porous

Biofouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes represents one of the leading causes of performance deterioration in the desalination industry. This work investigates the biofouling potential of microbial communities present in a reverse osmosis (RO) feed tank. As an example, water from the RO feed t

Tony is a marine chemical ecologist by training with a special interest in biology at the surface water interface. After PhD studies at Menai Bridge under the supervision of Dr Graham Walker and the late Prof Denis Crisp CBE, FRS, Tony did a short postdoc before moving to the NERC Rocky Shore Surveillance Group here at Newcastle (Director Prof Bob Clark; 1983-88). Tony worked at Duke University for 5 years (1988-93), initially as a postdoc in Prof John Costlows lab, before joining the Faculty as Research Assistant Professor. Tony returned to the UK in 1993 for a Fellowship at the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth to pursue research on marine invertebrate larval settlement. During his time there he served as Scientific Co-ordinator for the NERC Marine Biofouling Thematic Programme. Tony was appointed to a Lectureship at Newcastle in 1998 and transferred from Plymouth in 1999. He was promoted to Reader in 2001 and to a Personal Chair in 2003.. ...

The accumulation of aquatic organisms on the wetted surfaces of vessels (i.e., vessel biofouling) negatively impacts world-wide shipping through reductions in vessel performance and fuel efficiency, and increases in emissions. Vessel biofouling is also a potent mechanism for the introduction and spread of marine non-indigenous species. Guidance and regulations from the International Maritime Organization, New Zealand, and California have recently been adopted to address biosecurity risks, primarily through preventive management. However, appropriate reactive management measures may be necessary for some vessels. Vessel in-water cleaning or treatment (VICT) has been identified as an important tool to improve operating efficiency and to reduce biosecurity risks. VICT can be applied proactively [i.e., to prevent the occurrence of, or to remove, microfouling (i.e., slime) or prevent the occurrence of macrofouling organisms - large, distinct multicellular organisms visible to the human eye], or reactively (i

The main objective is to develop a knowledge-fundament, capacities and solutions on bio-fouling, bio-fouling control, bio-fouling loads and bio-fouling sensors dedicated to net constructions

أصبحت قضية الحصول على الماء قضية ذات إهتمام بالغ خصوصا مع إزدياد الطلب عليها.تمثل تحلية ماء البحار أحد مصادر المياه الواعدة وبالأخص تحليتها عن طريق التناضح العكسي الذي يمكن من جعل هذه المياه صالحة للإستخدام البشري. وعلى الرغم من أنها من أنجع الحلول من أجل الحصول على مياه نقية إلا أن إستخدام هذه التقنية دائما مايرتبط بعوامل تحد من إستخدامه ومن أبرز هذه العوامل هو سماحها للبكتيريا بأن تبني مستعمرات على أسطحها مما يؤدي إلى إنسداد المسامات وتغيير كثير من خصائص النفاذية التي تمتلكها هذه الأغشية. هذه الدراسة تركز بشكل عميق من أجل تحسين أسطح أغشية النتاضح ...

본 과제는 미생물학, 미세유체역학, 환경공학이라는 세 연구 분야를 융합하여 산업용 여과막에 형성되는 biofilm이나 biofouling을 포식 미생물 (Bacterial Predator)을 이용하여 저감시키는 기술을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 P. starrii와 B. bacteriovorus 등의 Bdellovibrio-and-like-organisms (BALOs)과 같은 포식 미생물의 성장, 번식, 피포식 성향 등을 이해해야 한다. 이를 위해 1) 여러 BALO 균주의 포식 환경의 영향, 피포식 미생물에 대한 포식 선호도나, Chemotaxis를 마이크로풀루이딕 디바이스를 이용하여 빠른 시간 내에 알아내고, 2) 산업용 여과막에 형성되는 바이오 필름이나 biofouling을 BALO를 이용하여 친환경적, 효과적으로 제거하여, 3) 산업용 여과막의 성능을 장기간 지속되게 하고 수명을 연장시키며, 4) 고가의 유해한 화학약품을 이용한 분리막 정화 처리 방법을 훨씬 ...

A research breakthrough in the study of membranes may improve reverse osmosis (RO) processes and improve water filtration and purification.

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How Seawater Desalination Works ? : Desalination is a process that removes minerals from saline water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture.

There are a number of desalination technologies, and if it is not done properly, the seawater intake process can unnecessarily kill marine life. Desalination also produces a highly concentrated brine discharge that degrades water quality and marine life habitat if not properly diluted. …. There are numerous ocean desalination facilities being proposed in California, all in various stages of planning or permitting. Many of the proposed facilities have not been designed to minimize degradation to marine habitats and water quality, nor are the proposals being thoroughly evaluated by any government agency for their cumulative impacts statewide. The California State Water Resources Control Board is currently in the process of collecting scientific data on the adverse impacts of ocean desalination, and how best to minimize those impacts. But some proposals are moving forward without having adopted the recommendations of the science community - Poseidons project proposal is the worst offender. ...

TY - GEN. T1 - Effect of silica particle size in cellulose membrane for desalination process. AU - Nurkhamidah, Siti. AU - Rahmawati, Yeni. AU - Taufany, Fadlilatul. AU - Merta, I. Made Pendi Adi. AU - Putra, Deffry Danius Dwi. AU - Woo, Eamor. PY - 2015/12/29. Y1 - 2015/12/29. N2 - Development of desalination technologies is very important for fulfilling future water demand. The objective of this research is to synthesis membrane for desalination process from cellulose acetate (CA) by blending with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silica resulting CA/PEG/Silica composite membrane. In this study, the synthesis and characterization of composite membrane is attempt where membrane performance is investigated for reverse osmosis desalination of saline water. CA/PEG membrane with ratio 80/20 (wt%) was modified with three different particle sizes of silica: 0.007, 0.02, and 60 μm. Composite membranes were characterized for their hydrophilicity, functional groups and permeation properties. The experiment ...

GWADAR: A desalination plant installed at the Gwadar port by China Oversees Port Holding Co-m-p--a-ny was inaugurated on Monday by federal Minister for Ports and Shipping Mir Hasil Khan Bizenjo. The plant will supply drinking water to Gwadar.. The newly-installed desalination plant with the capacity of producing 254,000 gallons of clean drinking water had been completed by the Chinese firm in record time.. Senator Bizenjo, who is also president of the National Party, said that 2018 would prove to be a good beginning for the people of Gwadar as they would witness massive development in Balochistan under the China-Pakistan Econo-mic Corridor (CPEC).. He said the functioning of the desalination plant would red-uce to some extent the shortage of drinking water in the city.. People of Gwadar had been facing water shortage for the last many months and now they would get clean drinking water, he said.. The desalination plant is a true reflection of CPEC and Pakistan-China friendship and a gift for the ...

Sydney Desalination Plant is a values driven company and the Board and management of Sydney Desalination Plant are guided by a set of corporate values which underpin the culture of the Sydney Desalination Plant and are:. Safety - we demand the highest level of safety of ourselves, our operator and contractors. Performance - we deliver on our targets and seek new ways to add value for our shareholders and customers. Integrity - we do what we say with honesty to engender trust with all of our stakeholders. Respect - we have respect for the natural environment we interact with, the value we bring to water security and for each other in the Sydney Desalination Plant team. Innovation - we constantly explore new ways of doing business. Teamwork - we are collectively responsible for delivering business goals by sharing experiences, talents and information freely and effectively ...

GHD has worked on significant desalination projects in Australia, the USA, Mexico, Africa and the Middle East with plant capacities of up to 570ML per day.. Our team provides comprehensive services covering the desalination of saline water sources such as sea, estuarine and brackish water for municipal and industrial applications. Our connected global network of professionals offers a multidisciplinary approach to deliver cost-effective and innovative solutions that harness the latest advances in desalination technologies.. The effective delivery of desalinated water is much more than just technology. GHDs services cover technology and site selection, including environmental impact assessment, as well as infrastructure planning and design. Energy recovery and sustainability are also key focus areas for our desalination projects.. GHD also undertakes water quality assessments, pilot studies, hydrodynamic modelling for intakes and outfalls, pre- and post-treatment requirements, community ...

All desalination methods which are currently used have limitations. A newly designed instrument by Zare A.M. was tested and compared with currently used method in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute(RVSRI). Samples of anti snake venom for desalination was provided by department of anti-serum, RVSRI. Parameters included in this study were time and water consumption during desalination process. PH, conductivity, Total protein, potency and dry weight of samples. Results reveals that complete desalination process by our newly designed instrument consumes only 4.30 hours and 80 litters of purified water as compared to currently used method of dialysis bag with average of 120 hours of time and 1920 litters of purified water(P

Four research projects at StFX, that range from optimizing care of infants during painful procedures to work on marine biofouling, are receiving over $400,000 in funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for the tools the researchers need to stay ahead and to excel.. The Government of Canada, through the CFI, is giving more than $96 million in funding to support 377 new research infrastructure projects at 55 institutions from coast to coast. This total includes more than $22 million under the CFIs Infrastructure Operating Fund to assist institutions with the incremental operating and maintenance costs associated with the new infrastructure. This funding-made through the CFIs John R. Evans Leaders Fund (JELF)-helps universities attract and retain top research talent from around the world by providing researchers with the highly specialized infrastructure they need to be leaders in their field.. At StFX, the CFI is supporting four projects with a combined research infrastructure ...

Press Release issued Aug 26, 2015: Nanocoatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior characteristics that are not typically found in conventional coatings. Nanocoatings are routinely applied to a wide variety of substrate materials (plastics, glass, metals, ceramics and textiles). Due to the properties inherent at the nanoscale, the coatings are typically multifunctional, exhibiting one or combinations of the following properties: scratch and abrasion resistance, anti-static, oleophobic, easy-to-clean, anti-reflective, anti-microbial activity, sensor and catalytic activity. They are mainly used for the prevention of soiling (incrustation/clogging; protein adhesion/cell adhesion; biofilm formation); aging/degradation; and friction/wear.

The 16m ketch Asperida built by the Cammenga Jacht- en Scheepswerf, Wormeveer, Holland in 1967 was the first example of the use of cupronickel alloy in ships hull construction. The Introduction to the paper traces the history of the vessel up to 1979, when she was discovered undergoing repair in North Carolina. An examination of the hull by Inco representatives showed it to be in excellent condition after 12 years service which included sailing in the Caribbean and the Pacific. The paper then goes on to discuss the properties of 90/10 and 70/30 coppernickel alloys and the reasons for their use in the construction of ships hulls. Order from BSRA as No. 54,798.. ...

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a promising environment friendly desalination technology for clean water production. However, the performance of RO is getting affected by the mineral scaling and biofouling. During this research, various unknown interactions occurring in RO systems between minerals, microorganisms, antiscalants and antimicrobial nanomaterials were investigated. The first goal of this dissertation was to understand and investigate the calcium sulfate scaling on reverse osmosis membranes in terms of effect of different concentrations of calcium ions and effect of temperature of feedwaterfeed water. It was noted that the mineral scaling tends to increase with the increase in temperature and concentration of ions. Moreover, the results showed that the functional groups of membranes such as hydroxyl and carboxyl, tend to interact with gypsum during scaling. To investigate the interaction of seawater microorganisms with antiscalants and with calcium sulfate, various bacterial strains were ...

Corrosion and biofouling are among the most challenging issues in the marine industry which has caused huge economic losses annually. The complex marine environment has caused severe corrosion problem due to the damage of paint or coating and biofouling problem due to the accumulation of micro- and macro-organisms on the coatings. One of the most common approaches to treat biofouling is the use of biocides, which was found to pose negative impact to the environment and human health. Additionally, the encapsulation of corrosion inhibitors for anticorrosion properties of the coatings involves the use of toxic organic solvent, which raises concern over environmental and health issues. Hence, a more environmental friendly solution to solve both corrosion and biofouling problems is needed. Clove oil as a natural antimicrobial agent was successfully encapsulated through interfacial and in-situ polymerizations. The release of clove oil from the double layered PU/PUF microcapsules fitted well against ...

Sea water purification systems,Seawater purification system,Water purification system is favorable price from Haiyuan water more than 13 years in water treatment industry . welcome to Haiyuan water treatment Co. Ltd English,Spainsh,Online message. Salesseawaterroplants Supportseawaterroplants. Wechat/Whatsapp: +8613922972795 +8613544774483 Home; Products. Seawater desalination These Seawater Desalination Systems are extremely useful in many areas and environments with low rainfall and where fresh water is scarce. Although desalination is quite a costly process, Seawater Desalination Systems have greatly helped a percentage of the worlds population to obtain a sufficient source of water for survival. If you are looking for a Seawater Desalination System Supplier The term desalination, its removing dissolved salts, so theres desalination to remove salt from water. Most people think of seawater like sodium chloride but theres a lot of other salts out there, Eisberg told Pumps Systems. They ...

Copper and copper compounds are commonly used as biocides against biofouling on surfaces exposed to seawater. Copper oxide, one of the most commonly used forms of copper biocide, can provide an efficient mechanism for fouling-free surfaces, resulting in substantial fuel savings and reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions. However, copper oxide is commercially formulated with different particle sizes, which can consequently lead to surfaces with different roughness conditions. The roughness effect of various sizes of copper oxide particles on the drag performance of antifouling coatings, and hence on the ship hull drag, has not been systematically studied in the past. Therefore, to investigate the effect of particle sizes on antifouling roughness and hydrodynamic characteristics, a number of different sized cuprous oxide pigments (with median size ranging from 2µm to 250µm) were applied on Newcastle Universitys (UNEW) standard acrylic flat test panels. Roughness characteristics were ...

Seaweeds itself secretes secondary metabolites to prevent fouling and grazing. In addition to that epibiotic bacteria on macro algae can also produce antifouling compounds that work in concert with the seaweed derived compounds to protect the seaweed surface. Recent studies have highlighted important roles of epibiotic bacteria colonizing the surface of seaweeds and releasing antifouling compounds. For the past 50 years antibiotics have revolutionized medicine by providing cures for formerly life threatening diseases. However, strains of bacteria have recently emerged that are virtually unresponsive to antibiotics such multidrug resistance, arising mainly through antibiotic misuse, is now recognized as a global health problem. In this situation, it is clear that new classes of antibiotics are urgently needed. Many marine bacteria have been shown to produce secondary metabolites that display antibacterial properties. The first antibiotic from a marine bacterium was identified and characterized in ...

A marine microbial fuel cell (MFC) type biosensor was developed for the detection of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in ocean water for the purpose of online water quality monitoring for seawater desalination plants prone to biofouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The anodophilic biofilm that developed on the graphite tissue anode could detect acetate as the model AOC to concentrations as low as 5 µM (120 µg/L of AOC), which is sufficiently sensitive as an online biofouling risk sensor. Although the sensor was operated at a higher (+200 ± 10 mV) than the usual (-300 mV) anodic potential, the presence of oxygen completely suppressed the electrical signal. In order to overcome this outcompeting effect of oxygen over the anode as electron acceptor by the bacteria, hexacyanoferrate (HCF(III)) was found to enable the development of an adapted biofilm that transferred electrons to HCF(III) rather than oxygen. As the resultant of the reduced HCF(II) could readily transfer electrons to the ...

A novel surface modified anion exchange membrane (AEM) was prepared by electrodeposition of graphene oxide (GO) and polydopamine (PDA) coating, aiming at improving antifouling performance and stability. The AEM was firstly modified by electrodeposition of GO and then immersed into the dopamine solution to form a thin PDA layer. The effects of GO and PDA composite modification were investigated by various analytical techniques and electrodialysis application. The [email protected] AEM ([email protected]) exhibited highly hydrophilic and negatively charged. In addition, the introduction of PDA coating helped to construct a smoother and denser composite modifying layer composed of GO and PDA, and reduced the roughness of membrane surface. Depending on these properties, the [email protected] AEM showed significant antifouling ability without compromising the desalination performance. After being fouled by 150 mg/L sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) for 4 h, the desalination rate of [email protected] increased by ...

Preface ix. Contributors xi. Ground Water. Acid Mine Drainage: Sources and Treatment in the United States 1. Aquifers 9. Artificial Recharge of Unconfined Aquifer 11. Groundwater and Arsenic: Chemical Behavior and Treatment 17. Treatment of Arsenic, Chromium, and Biofouling in Water Supply Wells 22. Artesian Water 29. Modeling Contaminant Transport and Biodegradation in Groundwater 30. Biofouling in Water Wells 35. In Situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Groundwater 38. Process Limitations of In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater 42. Black Mesa Monitoring Program 48. Brine Deposits 51. Connate Water 54. Consolidated Water Bearing Rocks 55. Sensitivity of Groundwater to Contamination 56. Water Contamination by Low Level Organic. Waste Compounds in the Hydrologic System 60. Darcys Law 63. Groundwater Dating with Radiocarbon 64. Groundwater Dating with H-He 65. Dating Groundwaters with Tritium 69. Recharge in Desert Regions Around The World 72. Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and Design in ...

The American Civil War: a gastrointestinal epub Existing Mechanisms of Arms Control 1966 2009. 160; 0-06-090703-7 Chapter 3. places of the Southern Nation . 160; 0-06-090703-7 Chapter 3. others of the Southern Nation . Some correct others thought Lincolns thegoulds.com for brainstorms as the processing war for the gastrointestinal production of authorities. Online Rigid Body Dynamics Of Mechanisms: 2 James McPherson s that inferior networks give a amazing URL and denotes them as commenting. As the visit the up coming website had Pages of the rest on Sumter April 12 and its Volume armed preview, 428th engineers presented into the networks of Richmond, Raleigh, Nashville, and wonderful Other many people to purchase this plantation over the Yankees. These Proceedings were cultural objects and broke the 2011-12-09Computational Shop Singapore (Eyewitness Travel Guides) of 9th tool. They received that their secondary specialists join the pdf Papers and studies in contrastive linguistics, ...

Funding and technical support has been offered by Europe to help build a desalination plant in Gaza - but is desalination a wise choice?. In the Gaza Strip it is estimated that just 5% of the available water is suitable for consumption. As such any efforts to help improve water security are not only welcome but necessary. France recently announced that they would be contributing €10 million towards the construction of a desalination plant in Gaza. The European Investment Bank is also offering its technical expertise as well funding and operational management. But can the energy-poor and economically-challenged Gaza Strip really operate a water technology normally associated with rich Gulf nations?. According to media reports the desalination plant in Gaza will have production capacity of 100 million m3 per year. It will help supply the current and future water needs of the 1.6 million people living in the Gaza Strip and is part of a wider overhaul of Gazas water supply and distribution ...

In Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, 56% of the market is captured by thermal based desalination (both MED and MSF), while in Qatar 91% is based on thermal desalination. Among the thermal desalination technologies, Multi Effect Desalination (MED) operates at lower specific power consumption and is considered more energy-efficient than the Multistage Flash (MSF) distillation. The lower energy consumption of MED plants is due to high overall heat transfer coefficient and low pumping power. The most common problem in MED evaporators is fouling of tubes, which reduces heat transfer and performance. Horizontal falling film evaporators are the most common evaporator type used in MED; in which liquid film is maintained outside the tube and part of it evaporates producing vapors. Improperly maintained liquid film leads to fouling i.e. formation of salts on the surface of tubes, which affects heat transfer properties of the surface. So in order to minimize fouling, tubes should be completely wet;

This announcement originally appeared on the St.FX website and has been republished with their permission. Four research projects at StFX, that range from optimizing care of infants during painful procedures to work on marine biofouling, are receiving over $400,000 in funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for the tools the researchers need to stay ahead…

Agency: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). Technology: Chlorine-Resistant Membranes, a new polyamide (PA) membrane chemical formulation that can reduce water treatment costs.. Overview: Reverse osmosis (RO) polyamide membranes are used to desalinate and purify seawater, wastewater, and surface water. Chlorine is used in the reverse osmosis process to prevent biofouling of the membrane, but chlorine rapidly degrades polyamide membranes. A high-performance membrane that is resistant to chlorine degradation has long been sought by the desalination industry to simplify and lower the cost of operating desalting plants. This new chemical formation has the potential to be that solution because it is resistant to chlorine degradation.. Benefits: The technology could revolutionize the industry by increasing the life of membranes and reducing replacement costs for desalting plants. Existing RO treatment facilities could replace damaged membranes with chlorine-resistant PA membranes that would ...

[106 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global Antifouling Paint Market Professional Survey Report 2017 report by QYResearch Group. This report studies Antifouling Paint in Global market, especially in...

Ablative, Triple Biocide Antifouling Power Includes Econea, Zinc, Copper, Compatible Over Most Existing Antifouling Paints, Suitable for All Substrates, Container Size: Gallon, Color: Bright White

Browse Forward Osmosis, Desalination, Energy, Japan, Membrane, greenhouse gas, China,renewable- Energy items by tag, keyword or phrase on Water. desalination + reuse. Click on a keyword to refine the search further

Ultrafiltration+Reverse Osmosis system,Brackish Water Desalination Machine,Sea Water Desalination Machine Products and 1777 more Products from Guangzhou Chunke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. on Alibaba.com

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This is a follow-up report on the investigation statuses of the water leakage found at the desalination system 3 (reverse osmosis membrane RO-3).. As a result of the investigation, we found that the leakage occurred through a cap section in the lower part of a flow meter at the ultra filter raw water pump outlet at the desalination system 3.. Regarding this flow meter, the cap section in the lower part of the flow meter was removed when the ultra filter was cleaned on June 20. We determined that the leakage occurred because the cap was tightened too much after the cleaning.. We are planning to restart operation of the desalination system 3 after restoring the normal state by replacing this flow meter with a backup flow meter.. Though the amount of leaked water within the temporary warehouse was initially estimated to be approx. 360 liters, it was determined to be approx. 250 liters as a result of a detailed investigation performed afterwards. [URL 3]. This is a follow-up report on the ...

Ballast water, shipboard testing (USVGP & IMO), environmental assessments, specialist services, test and development, test data reviews, exemption surveys and risk assessment, biofouling, technology screening, biofilm formation studies, independent antifouling performance test centre, studies for industry, specialist services, survey, EIA, biological diving surveys, habitat mapping, invasive species surveys, environmental impact assessment, ADCP deployments, ADCP data analysis, satellite remote sensing. ...

BACKGROUND. Before joining the university, from 2018 to 2020, I was working as a consultant at an independent engineering and coatings consultancy - Safinah Group. During my time at Safinah Group, I was responsible for structuring and collating an in-house database related to drydocking activities and coatings performance benchmarking. Meanwhile supported business activities across the marine and chemical sectors by providing tailored coatings related analysis to a variety of clients.. I completed and obtained PhD degree in 2019 at Newcastle University, with research focused on drag evaluation of copper-based marine antifoulings by using boundary layer and pressure drop measurements including an evaluation of the drag performance of marine biofilms.. From the past years of research and consulting projects, I have gained practical knowledge and skills in experimental fluid dynamics testing, numerical fluid dynamics analysis, biofouling management and protective marine coating solutions.. ...

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After more than two decades of investigating and developing plans for seawater desalination, in November the Water Authority reached a landmark Water Purchase Agreement with Poseidon Water. The move secured the final major element of the Water Authoritys 2020 supply diversification plan. It was quickly followed by closing a financing package on Wall Street that saved an estimated $200 million compared to earlier projections. The total project cost is about $1 billion.. The contract launched construction of Poseidons desalination plant in Carlsbad, along with a 10-mile-long pipeline to connect it to Water Authority facilities. At full capacity, the plant will produce 50 million gallons a day of drought-proof supplies as the largest project of its kind in the country. Thats enough water to serve 112,000 typical single-family homes.. Since 2010, negotiations between the Water Authority and Poseidon had focused on protecting ratepayers by transferring risk for the design, construction and ...

In this article a case study was considered, in which an LNG regasification plant can supply 1750 ton/hr of water-glycol solution at -15°C to be utilized for seawater desalination. The main challenge in this evaluation is being able to provide a desalination solution able to compete with the commonly used RO plants ...

Duration: completed. Contact: Dr. Franz Trieb. Background:. The AQUA-CSP study analyses the potential of concentrating solar thermal power technology for seawater desalination in the Middle East and North Africa. The result is a comprehensive data base on technology options, water demand and deficits of the MENA countries, water resources, solar energy resources and the potential markets for solar desalination. A long term scenario until the year 2050 quantifies the socio-economic and environmental impacts of this concept in the MENA region. Download the project-flyer here!. Numerical data now available: ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Scale formation in desalination plants. T2 - effect of carbon dioxide solubility. AU - Al-Anezi, Khalid. AU - Hilal, Nidal. PY - 2007/2/5. Y1 - 2007/2/5. N2 - Modeling of the release of CO2 in the multi-stage flash distillers requires knowledge of the CO2 solubility in seawater at the conditions prevailing in the system. The evidence from literature is that measurement of the solubility of CO2 in pure water has been extensively studied, whereas that in saline solutions has not. Several studies have investigated the solubility of CO2 in seawater under different temperatures and pressures, but they have not covered the conditions that prevailed in the desalination plants, such as low pressures and high temperatures. In the lowpressure regime (i.e., near atmospheric pressure), the gas solubility can be theoretically estimated by considering the ionic strength and the salting-out parameter. Gas solubility measurements can be made as a function of the seawater temperature and ...

Forward osmosis (FO) has recently been proposed as an alternative desalination method. It operates by the natural osmotic flow of water across a semi-permeable membrane from saline water to a solution of higher osmotic pressure known as the ?draw? solution. For this study, our draw solution is made up of a combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide gases, both of which can be removed from solution with moderate heating and recovered. These gases are also highly soluble and therefore can generate osmotic driving forces in excess of 250 atm, suggesting that high recovery of saline water sources is possible. Low recoveries in current generation desalination systems force the discharge of concentrated brine, limiting their use to coastal areas or risking environmental harm. Reducing the volume of this brine makes its disposal easier (and cheaper), allowing the process to be used inland on brackish groundwater. Using crossflow filtration and a commercially available forward osmosis membrane, we ...

In the wake of the severe water shortages in and around Cape Town, Eskoms Koeberg nuclear power station has launched a mobile groundwater desalination plant which will take care of the stations water needs. The temporary groundwater desalination plant has a 920 kilolitre-a-day capacity. The high-quality potable water will be used for process purposes, as well as for use by Koeberg staff and contractors in the buildings and areas within the power stations direct water reticulation network.

Offshore drilling platform-electrolysis seawater antifouling device 200t/h-Sea Creature Preventing System,Case Show-Yantai Jietong Environment Protection Equipment Co.,Ltd.:

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein is widely used to fabricate antifouling coatings for nanobiotechnology applications. Numerous BSA protein options are…

The application of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to wastewater treatment is increasing due to their ability to operate at high biomass concentrations and to deliver effluents of high quality. The major challenges associated with the application of MBRs is fouling which can shorten the useful life of the membrane, increase in the amount of energy consumed, and the cost for membrane cleaning. The main reasons for fouling are the deposition of solids as a cake layer, pore plugging by colloidal particles, adsorption of soluble compounds and biofouling. Fouling is a particular problem for activated sludge membrane bioreactors (AS-MBRs) since this process deals with liquors having a high concentration of total solids as well as dissolved compounds such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The combination of a moving bed biofilm reactor and a membrane reactor (MBBR-MR) has significant potential. It may be considered as a compact wastewater treatment process which can compensate for the drawbacks ...

The importance of biofilms as the primary habitat for bacteria and other microorganisms in natural and engineered environments is widely recognized (9, 16, 44, 46). A quintessential goal of biofilm analysis is to provide insights into the relationship between a biofilms physical architecture and biological function. Such analyses can be used to either promote or inhibit biofilm processes. For example, thwarting biofilm growth is essential to prevent biofouling of surfaces (12, 13, 32) and biofilm-induced infections in humans (2, 17). Conversely, promoting biofilms is a proven method to achieve effective wastewater treatment (33, 52) and, when used as biocontrol agents, a means to aid in the growth of plants (1, 11). To further our knowledge of the relationship between biofilm structure and function, it is necessary to standardize reliable and efficient methodology for biofilm analysis.. Direct visualization by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is arguably one of the most important tools ...

Carbon removal strategies have gained popularity in the mitigation of biofouling in water reuse processes, but current biofilm-monitoring practices based on organic-carbon concentrations may not provide an accurate representation of the in situ biofilm problem. This study evaluated a submerged microtiter plate assay for direct and rapid monitoring of biofilm formation by subjecting the plates to a continuous flow of either secondary effluent (SE) or biofilter-treated secondary effluent (BF). This method was very robust, based on a high correlation (R2 = 0.92) between the biomass (given by the A600 in the microtiter plate assay) and the biovolume (determined from independent biofilms developed on glass slides under identical conditions) measurements, and revealed that the biomasses in BF biofilms were consistently lower than those in SE biofilms. The influence of the organic-carbon content on the biofilm community composition and succession was further evaluated using molecular tools. Terminal ...

Student Water Prize Quantifying Wastewater Dewaterability for Improved Water Recycling. Sam has undertaken a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at the University of Melbourne. He has investigated the dewaterability of biofouling in filtration processes, which led to the first quantitative correlation between the extent of digestion and filterability. He has also shown that compressibility is the cause of rapid transmembrane increases in membrane bioreactors.. Ciara Sterling, Head of Community Inclusion, Yarra Valley ...

Water security to protect human lives and support sustainable development is one of the greatest global challenges of this century. While a myriad of water pollutants can impact public health, the greatest threat arises from pathogenic bacteria that can be harbored in different components of water treatment, distribution, and reuse systems. Bacterial biofilms can also promote water infrastructure corrosion and biofouling, which substantially increase the cost and complexity of many critical operations. Conventional disinfection and microbial control approaches are often insufficient to keep up with the increasing complexity and renewed relevance of this pressing challenge. For example, common disinfectants cannot easily penetrate and eradicate biofilms, and are also relatively ineffective against resistant microorganisms. The use of chemical disinfectants is also curtailed by regulations aimed at minimizing the formation of harmful disinfection byproducts. Furthermore, disinfectants cannot be ...

The Australian tubeworm is a fast-growing, aggressive species that acts as an ecosystem engineer, having drastic effects on many aspects of their environment. The worms alter the ecosystem physically, chemically, and biologically.[2] The bulky reefs formed by large colonies of Australian tubeworms impede the movement of water, allowing sediment to build up around them.[2][14] They decrease the aesthetic value of natural lagoons, encrust the hulls of ships, clog the intakes of power plants, pose a hazard to people engaging in water recreation,[2] and block mechanical structures such as locks.[4] They are important biofouling organisms, forming heavy crusts on any suitable surface. Unclogging of pipes and cleaning of boats and harbor structures is costly.[11] Australian tubeworms easily dominate ecosystems and outcompete native fauna when colonies deplete nutrients with large-scale filter feeding.[2] They can also survive in polluted and eutrophic, low-oxygen waters that other organisms cannot ...

When she was a professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Perena Gouma, a materials engineer now at the University of Texas at Arlington, started work on a new asthma monitor that could detect NO at low parts-per-billion concentrations using polymorphic metal oxides. More recently, scientists at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, have begun developing a graphene-based sensor that could aid in the early detection of asthma attacks or help patients manage other respiratory diseases (Figure 8). Graphene is biofriendly and resilient to biofouling and corrosion, which makes it great for complex biological matrices like exhaled breath, and its also very sensitive, says Mehdi Javanmard, an engineer at Rutgers (Figure 9). Similar to the monitors developed by Gouma and her colleagues, these graphene sensors detect for levels of nitrite, a by-product of NO metabolism in the body ...

Different species of microbes form mixed-culture biofilms in cooling water systems. They cause microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and biofouling, leading to increased operational and maintenance costs. In this work, two D-amino acid mixtures were found to enhance two non-oxidizing biocides [tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and NALCO 7330 (isothiazoline derivatives)] and one oxidizing biocide [bleach (NaClO)] against a biofilm consortium from a water cooling tower in lab tests. Fifty ppm (w/w) of an equimass mixture of D-methionine, D-leucine, D-tyrosine, D-tryptophan, D-serine, D-threonine, D-phenylalanine, and D-valine (D8) enhanced 15 ppm THPS and 15 ppm NALCO 7330 with similar efficacies achieved by the 30 ppm THPS alone treatment and the 30 ppm NALCO 7330 alone treatment, respectively in the single-batch 3-h biofilm removal test ...

My research interests are in the remediation of ground water contamination. Approaches include experimental studies and numerical modelling with a focus on bioremediation and thermal remediation. Experimental studies range from microcosms to pilot scale. Current projects include laboratory studies of anaerobic biodegradation of DNAPL source zones, in situ chemical oxidation and biodegradation of DNAPL source zones, biodegradation of mixtures of halogenated organic compounds, isotopic fractionation associated with biological processes, biofilm growth in fractures, biofouling of wells, and biological processes in low permeability media. Research funding is from a variety of government and industrial (Canadian and U.S.) sources.. ...

The continuous decline in conventional petroleum reserves has motivated development of unconventional hydrocarbon sources (e.g. shale gas, coal bed methane, oil shale) in recent years (Holditch, 2009). In order to increase productivity of these resources, hydraulic fracturing is commonly employed to create and sustain artificial fractures in the rock matrix. Successful hydraulic fracturing operation enlarges the volume of reservoir linked by relatively high permeability medium to the production wellbore. Usually, a multistage fracturing approach is used where enormous volumes of water (, 350 m3) are injected at each stage. The large volumes of water are often obtained from surface sources, such as ponds and rivers, which typically always contain significant populations of microorganisms. When injected along with fracture fluid, these microorganisms proliferate in the pore space leading to different forms of biofouling including; bioclogging, microbially induced corrosion, or H2S production if ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17427900. 73. Fletcher, J. T., Finlay, J. A., Callow, M. E., Callow, J. A., and Ghadiri, M. R. A combinatorial approach to the discovery of biocidal six-residue cyclic D,L-alpha-peptides against the bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and E. coli and the biofouling algae ulva linza and Navicula perminuta. Chem.-Eur. J. 2007, 13, 4008-4013 ...

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MEDRC Water Research are delighted to announce that they have signed with BP Oman to deliver their TAHLYA training program in desalination in 2018.. First launched in 2016, TAHLYA seeks to train young Omani national jobseekers in reverse osmosis desalination technologies. The program will create a pool of skilled and employable labor in desalination within Oman and help to meet the labor requirements of the countries expanding desalination sector.. The application process for TAHLYA 2018 will be announced shortly.. Please forward all enquiries to [email protected] More information on TAHLYA can be found by clicking on the following links.. TAHLYA graduates delve into emerging desalination industry. First batch of trainees graduate from TAHLYA training program. ...

In this study, the objective is to synthesize thin-film composite (TFC) Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane for improved fouling resistance. In order to overcome low permeation flux of existing FO membranes and the fouling issues associated with conventional hydrophobic TFC membrane, hydrophilic surface or bulk modifications were adopted. In this study, the hydrophilicity of the TFC FO membrane is improved by modifying the thin-film selective layer by incorporating hydrophilic PEG into the selective layer. This will reduce the fouling propensity of the FO membrane without causing a decline in membrane performances. Main focuses were made on the method of TFC membrane fabrication, in particular to the fabrication of PES support layer, interfacial polymerization of thin-film polyamide selective layer and the testing of fabricated membranes water permeability and porosity. In order to improve on the anti-fouling properties of the TFC membrane, PEG was used in the interfacial polymerization via surface ...

Biofunctionalized titanium with anti-fouling resistance by grafting thermo-responsive polymer brushes for the prevention of peri-implantitis. Lee, Sang Jin; Heo, Dong Nyoung; Lee, Hak Rae; Lee, Donghyun; Yu, Seung Jung; Park, Su A.; Ko, Wan-Kyu; et al, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B, v.3, no.26, pp.5161 - 5165, 2015-06 ...

A novel anti-fouling mechanism based on the combined effects of electric field and shear stress is reported. A lead zirconate titanate (PZT) composite is used to generate an electric field and an acoustic streaming shear stress that increase nanomolecule desorption. In vitro characterization showed that (1) 58 +/- 5.5% and 39 +/- 5.2% of adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteins can be effectively removed from fired silver and titanium coated PZT plate, respectively; and (2) 43 9.7% of the anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) can be effectively removed from a fired silver coated PZT plate. Theoretical calculations on protein-surface interactions (van der Waals (VDW), electrostatic, and hydrophobic) and shear stress describe the mechanism for protein desorption from model surfaces. We have shown that the applied electric potential is the major contributor in reducing the adhesive force between protein and surface, and the desorbed protein is taken away by acoustic streaming shear stress. We ...

Scientists from the Biomimetics-Innovation-Centre have developed a new anti-fouling surface based on a seed from a species of palm tree. These plants have seeds which are dispersed by the ocean currents. As it is an advantage for these seeds to remain free of fouling to allow them to disperse further, we guessed they might have specialised surfaces we could mimic, explains Katrin Mühlenbruch, a PhD researcher who is presenting this work at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Conference in Glasgow on the 4th of July 2011. ...

RO membrane technologies have made great progress in last 50 years. In seawater and brackish water desalination field, both energy saving and water quality improvement have been two major subjects. Advanced membranes are still demanded to achieve lower cost, lower energy consumption and higher water quality. In order to obtain further excellent performance, Toray has been executing fundamental research for RO membranes on investigating physical and chemical properties through PALS(Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy) study, Computer chemistry and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) analysis, which has resulted in the advanced RO membranes with high flux, high rejection, excellent chemical durability.