Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), an environment where resistance genes can potentially spread and exchange between microbes. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were quantified using qPCR in three WWTPs of decreasing capacity located in Helsinki, Tallinn, and Tartu, respectively: sulphonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetM and tetC), and resistance genes for extended spectrum beta-lactams (blaoxa-58, blashv-34, and blactx-m-32). To avoid inconsistencies among qPCR assays we normalised the ARG abundances with 16S rRNA gene abundances while assessing if the respective genes increased or decreased during treatment. ARGs were detected in most samples; sul1, sul2, and tetM were detected in all samples. Statistically significant differences (adjusted p,0.01) between the inflow and effluent were detected in only four cases. Effluent values for blaoxa-58 and tetC decreased in the two larger plants while ...

The NDM-1 gene, first identified in Sweden in 2008 in Klebsiella pneumoniae from a patient hospitalized in New Delhi, encodes a metallo-β-lactamase that inactivates all β-lactams except aztreonam. This bla(NDM-1) gene has been identified in hospital-acquired bacterial species, such as K. pneumoniae, …

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have discovered a novel mechanism of resistance to ?-lactams that is independent of penicillinase and the low affinity penicillin bindin protein (PBP), PBP2a, the two known mechanisms of ?-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. This new type of resistance was identified during experiments in which methicillin- susceptible S. aureus strains were passaged in the presence of each of the two so-called fifth generation anti-MRSA cephalosporins, ceftobiprole and ceftaroline. Whole genome sequencing of a ceftobiprole- passage mutant revealed mutations in genes encoding PBP4, a non-essential, low-molecular weight PBP; GdpP, a putative signaling protein; and AcrB, a putative transporter. Ceftaroline also selected for PBP4 and GdpP mutants, but not AcrB mutants, indicating the primary importance of the former two proteins. We hypothesize 1) that a gain of transpeptidase function by mutant PBP4 accounts for high-level ?-lactam resistance; and 2) that GdpP contributes to resistance via a signaling ...

Aim and Background:Eradicating infections is difficult due to the presence of genes on the introns, especially the beta-lactamase enzymes and  The importance of their resistance is high.The purpose of this study was to determine the beta-lactamase genes (OXA-2 , OXA-10) , Integron class 1  and antibiotic resistance. Material and methods:In this cross ...

The optimal method to screen for gastrointestinal colonization with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) has yet to be established. The direct MacConkey (direct MAC) plate method demonstrates high sensitivity for CRO detection, but established zone diameter (ZD) criteria for ertapenem (≤27 mm) and meropenem (≤32 mm) result in high rates of false positives upon confirmatory testing. To increase specificity, we screened for CRO in two high-risk wards using the direct MAC plate method, recorded ZDs for each sample, and generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the optimal ZD cutoff criteria. Of 6,868 swabs obtained over an 18-month period, 4,766 (69%) had growth on MAC plates, and 2,500 (36%) met criteria for further evaluation based on previously established ZDs around the carbapenem disks. A total of 812 (12%) swabs were confirmed positive for at least one CRO and included 213 (3%) carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO), resulting in a specificity of 78% for the ...

Publisher : International Dairy Federation All titles : An evaluation of the Idexx SNAP test for detecting beta-Lactam antibiotics in raw milk [enzyme linked receptor-binding assay] ...

1IYS: Crystal Structure of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase Toho-1: Insights into the Molecular Mechanism for Catalytic Reaction and Substrate Specificity Expansion

1IYS: Crystal Structure of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase Toho-1: Insights into the Molecular Mechanism for Catalytic Reaction and Substrate Specificity Expansion

TY - JOUR. T1 - Environmental exposure to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as a risk factor for patient Acquisition of A. baumannii. AU - Rosa, Rossana. AU - Arheart, Kristopher L.. AU - Depascale, Dennise. AU - Cleary, Timothy. AU - Kett, Daniel H.. AU - Namias, Nicholas. AU - Pizano, Louis. AU - Fajardo-Aquino, Yovanit. AU - Silvia Munoz-Price, L.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - We aimed to determine the association between environmental exposure to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and the subsequent risk of acquiring this organism. Patients exposed to a contaminated hospital environment had 2.77 times the risk of acquiring carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii than did unexposed patients (relative risk, 2.77 [95% confidence interval, 1.50-5.13]; P p.002).. AB - We aimed to determine the association between environmental exposure to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and the subsequent risk of acquiring this organism. Patients exposed to a contaminated hospital ...

Background: Carbapenem antibiotics are important therapeutic agents in the health care setting, they are frequently used as an empiric therapy for life-threatening infections as well as infections with multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Carbapenemase-producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a significant public health challenge worldwide. The detection of carbapenemases productions in CRE strains is performed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The phenotypic methods target carbapenemases production but provide no guidance regarding the specific carbapenemases types, while the genotypic diagnosis has the benefit of determining the exact mechanism conferring carbapenems resistance. Aim: Improvement of the antibiotic policy and infection control strategies in Suez Canal University Hospitals in Ismailia; through adequate detection of carbapenem resistance in the hospitals. Methods: All the CRE isolates were tested by the phenotypic methods (mCIM & eCIM) test to detect

Infections with carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) are associated with high mortality rates (1). Carbapenemases encoded on plasmids can move between bacterial strains and have the potential to rapidly increase the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenems; as such, CP-CRE have been a particular focus of public health response. Although the Enterobacteriaceae family includes approximately 50 recognized genera, surveillance for CP-CRE has focused on the organisms most associated with clinical infections: Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli (2,3). CRE from other, less commonly encountered genera (hereafter referred to as less common genera) have generally not been targeted for carbapenemase testing, in part, because some of these organisms possess intrinsic resistance to the carbapenem imipenem and others express species-specific chromosomal carbapenemases. However, these organisms can also harbor plasmid-mediated ...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the top-ranked pathogen in the World Health Organization priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It emerged as a global pathogen due to the successful expansion of a few epidemic lineages, or international clones (ICs), producing acquired class D carbapenemases (OXA-type). During the past decade, however, reports regarding IC-I isolates in Latin America are scarce and are non-existent for IC-II and IC-III isolates. This study evaluates the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance and the epidemiology of 80 non-duplicate clinical samples of A. baumannii collected from February 2014 through April 2016 at two tertiary care hospitals in Lima. Almost all isolates were carbapenem-resistant (97.5%), and susceptibility only remained high for colistin (95%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed two main clusters spread between both hospitals: cluster D containing 51 isolates (63.8%) associated with sequence type 2 (ST2) and carrying OXA-72, ...

Trends in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) collected from hospitals nationwide in Singapore over 3 years are presented. Hospital isolates with imipenem or meropenem minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ,1 mg/L were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for further investigation. A total of 400 CRE were submitted, 227 (56.8%) of which carried a carbapenemase gene. blaNDM was the most common (130/400; 32.5%), followed by blaOXA-48-like (blaOXA-48, -181, -232) (55/400; 13.8%). Interestingly, four isolates bearing dual carbapenemase genes were also detected. KPC- and OXA-48-like-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were fingerprinted by DiversiLab® rep-PCR. Locally, KPC producers do not appear to have clonal dissemination. In contrast, OXA-48-like producers were found to have a greater degree of clustering than KPC producers. © 2013 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen which is establishing as a major cause of morbidity and mortality within the healthcare community. The success of this pathogen is largely due to its ability to rapidly gain resistance to antimicrobial therapies and its capability to persist in an abiotic environment through the production of a biofilm. Our tertiary-care hospital has showed high incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates. In this study we explore both genotypic and phenotypic properties of 26 CRAB isolates: 16 isolates were collected from January 2010 to March 2011, and 10 were collected between February and May 2015. We determined that all 26 CRAB isolates possessed multiple β-lactamase genes, including genes from Groups A, C, and D. Specifically, 42% of the isolates possesses the potentially plasmid-borne genes of OXA-23-like or OXA-40-like β-lactamase. The presence of mobile gene element integron cassettes and/or integrases

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has been declared among the most immediate drug-resistant threats to america. when utilized as monotherapy in the treating CRE attacks.3,6C8 A far more recent antibiotic, ceftazidimeCavibactam (FDA-approved in 2015), shows improved safety and efficiency outcomes in comparison to traditional agents, but reports of treatment resistance and failure during therapy have already been noted.9C11 MeropenemCvaborbactam was approved by the FDA in August 2017 as the initial carbapenem beta-lactamase inhibitor mixture with activity against broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in CRE infections. Signs12 MeropenemCvaborbactam is certainly indicated for the treating complicated urinary system attacks (cUTI), including pyelonephritis, in adults aged 18 years and old. MECHANISM OF Actions8,12 Meropenem, a carbapenem antibacterial agent, disrupts bacterial cell-wall synthesis by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins leading to cell loss of life. Vaborbactam is certainly a ...

N.C. Communicable Disease Branch page about new carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), untreatable or difficult-to-treat Enterobacteriaceae that have developed high levels of resistance to antibiotics, including last-resort antibiotics called carbapenems. Includes NC DHHS and CDC communications about this emerging public health concern as well as links to infection prevention information tailored for patients and healthcare providers.

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are untreatable or difficult to treat bacteria that are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics and nearly all available antibiotics. They can cause serious illness and death; bloodstream infections are fatal in 40% -50% of cases. CRE was designated by the CDC in 2013 as one of the three most urgent drug resistant threats in the United States. An estimated 9,000 CRE infections cause 600 deaths yearly in the U.S.. Risk factors for CRE colonization or infection include open wounds, presence of indwelling devices (such as endotracheal tubes, feeding tubes, and catheters), multiple medical problems, and high antimicrobial use. CRE are easily spread between infected or colonized patients by health care workers and equipment, unless rigorous infection prevention precautions are taken. Cases and outbreaks of CRE have been increasingly recognized in recent years in Northern California, including Alameda County. In June 2017, the Alameda County Public Health ...

Provider Role in Transmission of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae - Volume 38 Issue 11 - Marika E. Grabowski, Hyojung Kang, Kristen M. Wells, Costi D. Sifri, Amy J. Mathers, Jennifer M. Lobo

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a serious threat to public health. Infections with CRE are difficult, and in some cases impossible, to treat and have been associated with mortality rates up to 50%(1). Due to the movement of patients throughout the healthcare system, if CRE are a problem in one facility, then typically they are a problem in other facilities in the region as well. To help protect patients and prevent transmission, CDC has updated 2012 CRE toolkit; this document will continue to be updated as new information becomes available.. ...

Would infants be at high risk for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae or CRE infection? Find answers now! No. 1 Questions & Answers Place.

PubMedID: 24985124 | Successful management of an outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit. | European journal of pediatrics | 7/2/2014

The nexus between resistance determinants, plasmid type, and clonality appears to play a crucial role in the dissemination and survival of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). The incidence of infections involving CRKP in Saudi Arabia is increasing and there is a need for detailed molecular profiling of this pathogen for CRKP surveillance and control. The resistance determinants of 71 non-redundant CRKP isolates were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Plasmid typing was performed using PCR-based replicon typing and the clonality of isolates was determined by multilocus sequence typing. Capsular polysaccharide synthesis genes and other virulence factors were examined using multiplex PCR. Diversity was calculated using DIVEIN, clonal relationship was determined using eBURST, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using SplitsTree4. A polyclonal OXA-48 gene alone was the most common carbapenemase detected in 48/71 (67.6%) isolates followed by NDM-1 alone in 9/71

Schwaber et al identified risk factors for acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospitalized patient. These can help to identify a patient who should be screened for carriage. The authors are from Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center.

Despite the unfavorable double-room configuration of our ICU, the 4.1% rate of ESBL acquisition was much lower than the 13% reported by Razazi et al. in a 24-bed ICU with eight single rooms but without any protocol of contact precautions for ESBL carriers [13]. It is close to that reported by Alves et al. in an ICU with only single rooms, in which contact precautions were also applied [17]. Unlike Barbier et al., who reported that half of the ESBL carriers acquired their ESBL during their ICU stay [16], and Gardam et al., who reported that ESBL acquisition accounted for two-thirds of ESBL carriage in the ICU [18], ESBL acquisition accounted for only 12.7% of all ESBL carriage in our study, confirming that ESBL carriage is mostly imported, whereas high-level cephalosporinase (HL-Case) is mostly acquired, in the ICU [19]. In multivariate analysis, the severity (SAPS II) at admission was the only factor identified to be associated with the acquired carriage of ESBL, while some authors have reported ...

Many gaps in the burden of resistant pathogens exist in endemic areas of low- and middle-income economies, especially those endemic for carbapenem resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate risk factors for carbapenem-resistance, to estimate the association between carbapenem-resistance and all-cause 30-day mortality and to examine whether mortality is mediated by inappropriate therapy. A case-control and a cohort study were conducted in one tertiary-care hospital in Medellín, Colombia from 2014 to 2015. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates was performed. In the case-control study, cases were defined as patients infected with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) and controls as patients infected with carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CSKP). A risk factor analysis was conducted using logistic regression models. In the cohort study, the exposed group was defined as patients infected with CRKP and the non-exposed group as patients infected with CSKP. A survival analysis

Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are a growing concern worldwide. Raoultella ornithinolytica is a species in the Enterobacteriaceae family which can cause hospital-acquired infections and is sporadically reported as carbapenem-resistant from human and environmental sources. In this study, we firstly report on an NDM-1-producing R. ornithinolytica, Rao166, isolated from drinking water in an animal cultivation area in China. In addition to carbapenem-resistance, Rao166 was resistant to several other antibiotics including gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline and fosfomycin. Rao166 carried a novel IncFIC-type megaplasmid, 382,325 bp in length (pRAO166a). A multidrug resistance region, 60,600 bp in length, was identified in the plasmid containing an aac(3)-IId-like gene, aac(6)-Ib-cr, blaDHA-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-3, blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, qnrB4, catB3, arr-3, sul1, and tet(D). Results from virulence assays implied that Rao166 has considerable pathogenic ...

What are carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)? Enterobacteriaceae are a group of bacteria normally found in the human gut. Common types include E. coli and Klebsiella species. Carbapenems are a class of antibiotics that were developed to treat bacteria that are resistant to other drugs. Due to the overuse of these antibiotics, some types of Enterobacteriaceae have developed resistance to carbapenems; these bacteria are called carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).. Who gets CRE? Healthy people usually do not get CRE infections. In healthcare settings, CRE infections may occur among patients who are receiving treatment for other conditions. Patients whose care requires devices like ventilators (breathing machines), urinary (bladder) catheters, or intravenous (vein) catheters, and patients who are taking long courses of certain antibiotics are most at risk for CRE infections.. How are CRE spread? CRE can be transmitted via direct person-to-person contact with an infected person or ...

Salloum N A, Kissoyan K A, Fadlallah S, Cheaito K, Araj G F, Wakim R, Kanj S, Kanafani Z, Dbaibo G, Matar G M (2015); Front Microbiol., 6:999. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00999. ...

It was a week into my elderly patients hospital admission when he began to have fever and profuse diarrhea, some 10-12 bowel movement a day. The diagnosis was not hard to make: a stool test showed he had C difficile. Another patient, a thin women in her late 40s who had become paraplegic after a […]. ...

(PRWEB) May 15, 2015 -- GeneWEAVE, Inc.,a clinical diagnostics company addressing multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO), announced that initial data presented

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Learn how HABP/VABP is increasingly caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Please see Important Safety Information and Full Prescribing Information on this website.

On the right plate, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is able to grow even in the presence of antibiotics. Photo by CDC A ...

Besides the constant care of patients, healthcare facilities have one more thing on their hands: the CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria. This lethal enemy is unfortunately growing to be very common in intensive care settings to the point that there is an alert rising due to this.

Brink, Adrian et al. The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in South Africa: Risk factors for acquisition and prevention. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j., July 2012, vol.102, no.7, p.599-601. ISSN 0256- ...

After reports that a dangerous drug-resistant bacterium, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, or CRKP, had spread to at least 356 patients in Southern California last year, Times staff writer

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

James Foster (foster at cs.uidaho.edu) wrote: ,Ahhh...gotcha. That is indeed an interesting question. Im not sure ,what the answer is. I know that many new functions are co-opted from ,similar functions (I think the classical example is some enzyme ,beginning with the letter l...but cant remember right now). But that ,begs the question of where the co-opted behaviors came from. True, and I think also the important issue is how this new function arose from a similar function. The evolution, and natural selection, of classes of beta-lactamases are the examples I know. While we havent observed it, the early beta-lactamases are hypothesised to have arisen from cell-wall enzymes and the bacteria were facing an enemy in nature (beta-lactams in fungi). Today, we have artificial beta-lactams that are not seen anywhere in nature, yet there are bacteria resistant to it. One explanation that this new function /arose/ (evolved) in the the last few decades, compared to the initial ones, which mightve ...

Mono- and Stereopictres of 5.0 Angstrom coordination sphere of Potassium atom in PDB 2ffy: Ampc Beta-Lactamase N289A Mutant in Complex With A Boronic Acid Deacylation Transition State Analog Compound SM3

The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Carbapenemases, or carbapenem-hydro...

The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Carbapenemases, or carbapenem-hydro...

Escherichia coli and other species of Enterobacteriaceae producing CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported from a number of European countries

Medsun Pharma is a Manufacturer of Cephalosporin & Beta-Lactam Tablet company which provides high-quality healthcare products to customers across the globe. Get More Info on Our Site Now!

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Backbone RMSDs are shown for native and S130 mutant SHV β-lactamase at 300 K, black color indicate native SHV, point mutant form S130G SHV β-lactamase shown i

Veinberg G.; Shestakova I.; Bokaldere R.; Dikovskaya K.; Grigan N.; Musel D.; Vorona M.; Kanepe I.; Domracheva I.; Zharkova O.; Mežapuķe R.; Kalvinsh I.; Lukevics E. Cytotoxic properties of beta-lactam antibiotics structural analogs. Abstr., Baltijas valstu onkologu un radiologu 2. kongr. = 2nd Baltic congr. of oncology and radiology; 10.-12. sept.: Rīga, Latvija, 1998; 173 ...

A growing body of evidence and expert reviews suggests that we should be altering our administration regimes of beta-lactam and carbapenams to accommodate an altered volume of distribution (or RRT) status of the critically ill patient in order to more effectively reach the inhibitory concentrations of drug required to kill susceptible pathogens. ...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. We examined the relationship of these bacteria and their resistance mechanisms to the diabetic disease status of patients in Saudi Arabia. Susceptibilities of 271 isolates to carbapenems, tigecycline and colistin were determined, followed by detection of carbapenemase genes. A blaVIM gene was detected in ~95 % of isolates; blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-40 genes were also prevalent. Diabetic patients were significantly more likely to carry carbapenem-resistant isolates. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is a serious problem in diabetic patients, and molecular detection of resistance mechanisms in these isolates is required.. ...

Background. During 2006, Israeli hospitals faced a clonal outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae that was not controlled by local measures. A nationwide intervention was launched to contain the outbreak and to introduce a strategy to control future dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals.. Methods. In March 2007, the Ministry of Health issued guidelines mandating physical separation of hospitalized carriers of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and dedicated staffing and appointed a professional task force charged with containment. The task force paid site visits at acute-care hospitals, evaluated infection-control policies and laboratory methods, supervised adherence to the guidelines via daily census reports on carriers and their conditions of isolation, provided daily feedback on performance to hospital directors, and intervened additionally when necessary. The initial intervention period was 1 April 2007-31 May 2008. The primary outcome measure ...

Nosocomial pathogens can be associated with a variety of infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) and in immunocompromised patients. Usually these pathogens are resistant to multiple drugs and pose therapeutic challenges. Among these organisms, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most frequent being encountered in the clinical setting. Carbapenems are very useful to treat infections caused by these drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but carbapenem resistance is increasing globally. Combination therapy is frequently given empirically for hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients and is usually composed of an adequate beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of plazomicin against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Amikacin was used as a comparator. The activity of plazomicin in combination with several different antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion, the checkerboard method, and time-kill ...

Identifying Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

This study compared the effect of monotherapy of colistin, tigecycline, and their combination in sepsis model of mice. OXA-48 producing Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strain was used in Balb/c mice. The mice were divided into competent and Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA)-treated groups. Each group was sub-divided into (1) colistin or (2) tigecycline monotherapy and (3) colistin/tigecycline combination therapy. After 3 hours of intraperitoneal bacterial inoculation, antimicrobials were administered, and mice were sacrificed at 24 and 48 hours Time-kill curve study demonstrated that colistin sulphate had early bactericidal activity following re-growth. In competent and MPA-treated groups of mice at 24 hours, bacterial counts in liver samples significantly lowered compared to control, however, there were no statistically differences between monotherapy and combination therapy subgroup. Bacterial count in lung samples of competent group was significantly lesser than control for ...

External validation of the INCREMENT-CPE risk score (ICS) for 30-day all-cause mortality is needed. There is also scarce information about whether colistin resistance influences the prognosis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) bacteraemia. In this study, the ability of ICS to predict all-cause mortality in the KAPECOR cohort was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. The association of colistin resistance with mortality was studied. The ICS showed an AUROC curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.86). A cut-off of 8 points showed 96.8% sensitivity and 50.7% specificity. Mortality of low-risk patients was not different in those treated with monotherapy versus combination therapy. However, mortality of high-risk patients treated with combination therapy (37.8%) was significantly lower than in those treated with monotherapy (68.4%) (P = 0.008). To study the prognostic significance of colistin resistance, 83 selected cases of bacteraemia due to ...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of carbapenemase production and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in 47 carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic confirmatory tests and molecular assay.. Methodology: Carbapenem resistance genes KPC, OXA-48 and NDM were investigated with the BD MAX CRE assay kit in the BD MAX real time PCR instrument. Modified Hodge test, MBL gradient strip test, D70C Carbapenemase Detection Set, Temocillin gradient strip test methods were used as phenotypic confirmatory tests. Clonal relationship between study isolates was investigated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.. Results: Analysis with BD MAX CRE assay revealed OXA-48 positivity in 17 (36%) strains, NDM positivity in 6 (13%) strains and coexistence of OXA-48 + NDM positivity in 8 (17%) strains. In 16 (34%) strains, none of the KPC, OXA-48 and NDM genes were detected. While MHT was the most sensitive phenotypic confirmatory test, D70C disc set had not been ...

Read Faecal colonization of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC in Mozambican university students, BMC Infectious Diseases on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The results indicated that spring waters could become a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and contribute to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria via drinking water or food chain. In addition, wastewater discharge of restaurants or hotels may be an important contribution source of …

Resistance to cephalosprins due to the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmid mediated AmpC beta-lactamases is increasingly found in infections in humans outside the hospital. The genes encoding for these beta-lactamases are located on mobile DNA (plasmids), which can be transferred between bacterial species. Although the source of ... read more these bacteria is unknown, a food-borne source cannot be excluded. From 2003 to 2007 cefotaxime resistance increases in bacteria from broilers, but not in isolates from calves, pigs and dairy cows. Cefotaxime resistance is indicative for the presence of ESBLs or plasmid mediated AmpC beta-lactamases. Molecular typing of the resistance genes and the plasmids of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from broilers revealed the presence of a variety of ESBL/AmpC genes: blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-52, blaSHV-2, blaTEM20, blaACC-1 and blaCMY-2, located on plasmids: IncI1, IncHI2/P, IncK and some untypeable plasmids. A study ...

Define Beta-lactam antibiotics. Beta-lactam antibiotics synonyms, Beta-lactam antibiotics pronunciation, Beta-lactam antibiotics translation, English dictionary definition of Beta-lactam antibiotics. n. Any of a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins, that contain a beta-lactam ring

BACKGROUND:For abdominal solid organ transplant (ASOT) recipients, infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), can be life-threatening. The aims of this study were to characterize the risk factors associated with acquisition of CRKP and 90-day crude mortality among patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In our cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed 68 K. pneumoniae-infected transplant recipients, studied their demographics, clinical manifestations, microbiology, and outcomes, and determined the risk factors associated with the occurrence of CRKP and crude mortality due to K. pneumoniae infections. RESULTS:Sixty-eight ASOT recipients (5.4%) experienced 78 episodes of K. pneumoniae infection. Among these, 20 patients (29.4%) died. The independent risk factors associated with mortality were multiple infected organs or sites (odds ratio=22.034, 95% confidence intervals=4.348-111.653, P=0.001) and septic shock (odds ratio=27.090, 95% confidence intervals=1.841-398

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Carbapenems, such as imipenem and meropenem, are antibacterial agents with activity against many gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic microorganisms. Carbapenems are often used to treat multidrug-resistant isolates, especially strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (21, 29, 30, 47, 58). However, the recent appearance of β-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems, in addition to other mechanisms of carbapenem resistance, creates an increasing therapeutic dilemma (21, 29, 30, 47,58). Therefore, a better understanding of carbapenem resistance mechanisms is critical to optimizing therapy.. Here we describe the fourth class A β-lactamase with high carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity isolated from a strain ofEnterobacteriaceae. The enzyme KPC-1 shows 45% amino acid identity to Sme-1 (41) from S. marcescens S6. Unlike KPC-1, the other three class A carbapenemases (Nmc-A [42], IMI-1 [57], and Sme-1 [41]) show ,90% similarity to each other at the nucleotide level (41, 47). These ...

Looking for online definition of beta-lactam antibiotics in the Medical Dictionary? beta-lactam antibiotics explanation free. What is beta-lactam antibiotics? Meaning of beta-lactam antibiotics medical term. What does beta-lactam antibiotics mean?

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae screening should be considered for patients who have undergone medical procedures abroad and who will be hospitalized or undergo invasive procedures in ...

Table 4: Association between Virulence Factors and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing|i| Klebsiella pneumoniae|/i| Compared to Nonproducing Isolates

In recent years, hospitals have reported dramatic increases in the number of cases of the highly contagious, difficult-to-treat, and often deadly antibiotic-resistant bacteria carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Now, investigators at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) have developed a promising method of identifying new antimicrobials that target these organisms. The research is published in April issue of the journal ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies.. CRE are Gram-negative bacteria that frequently express a gene that codes for carbapenemase--an enzyme that breaks down carbapenem and other antibiotics--and that is located on mobile genetic elements called plasmids, which can jump from one bacterium to another. The two most common types of CRE are carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella species and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. Patients who become infected with these bacteria have few antibiotic treatment options.. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ...

Identifying transmission route of antimicrobial-resistant pathogen is essential for appropriate infection control strategy in healthcare facilities. We report the utility of single-nucleotide...

Learn more about Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Infection at TriStar Centennial Parthenon Pavilion DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Double-carbapenem regimen, alone or in combination with colistin, in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp). AU - Oliva, Alessandra. AU - Scorzolini, L. AU - Castaldi, D. AU - Gizzi, F. AU - De Angelis, M. AU - Storto, Marianna. AU - DAbramo, A. AU - Aloj, F. AU - Mascellino, M T. AU - Mastroianni, C M. AU - Vullo, V. PY - 2017/1. Y1 - 2017/1. KW - Letter. U2 - 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.10.002. DO - 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.10.002. M3 - Article. C2 - 27793662. VL - 74. SP - 103. EP - 106. JO - Journal of Infection. JF - Journal of Infection. SN - 0163-4453. IS - 1. ER - ...

Physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs), especially those who have patients with wounds, are encouraged to take steps to protect their most vulnerable patients from carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), a family of germs that have become difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to antibiotics. In addition to patients at high risks, PTs and PTAs should take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of CRE to healthy individuals. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CRE are resistant to all, or nearly all, antibiotics-even the most powerful drugs of last-resort. CRE also have high mortality rates, killing 1 in 2 patients who get bloodstream infections from them. Additionally, CRE easily transfer their antibiotic resistance to other bacteria. For example, carbapenem-resistant klebsiella can spread its drug-destroying properties to a normal E. coli bacteria, which makes the E.coli resistant to antibiotics ...

Physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs), especially those who have patients with wounds, are encouraged to take steps to protect their most vulnerable patients from carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), a family of germs that have become difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to antibiotics. In addition to patients at high risks, PTs and PTAs should take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of CRE to healthy individuals. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CRE are resistant to all, or nearly all, antibiotics-even the most powerful drugs of last-resort. CRE also have high mortality rates, killing 1 in 2 patients who get bloodstream infections from them. Additionally, CRE easily transfer their antibiotic resistance to other bacteria. For example, carbapenem-resistant klebsiella can spread its drug-destroying properties to a normal E. coli bacteria, which makes the E.coli resistant to antibiotics ...

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Antimicrobials are among the most important and commonly prescribed drugs in the management of critically ill patients and beta-lactams are the most common antibiotic class used. Critically ill patients pathophysiological factors lead to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams. A comprehensive bibliographic search in PubMed database of all English language articles published from January 2000 to December 2017 was performed, allowing the selection of articles addressing the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients. In critically ill patients, several factors may increase volume of distribution and enhance renal clearance, inducing high intra- and inter-patient variability in beta-lactam concentration and promoting the risk of antibiotic underdosing. The duration of infusion of beta-lactams has been shown to influence the fT | minimal inhibitory concentration and an improved beta-lactam pharmacodynamics profile may be obtained by

Detection of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from different hospitals in China. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2016 ...

This weeks Vital Signs report shows that antibiotics are being overpowered by lethal germs called carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae or (CRE).These germs cause lethal infections in patients that get inpatient medical care in hospitals, long-term care facilities and nursing homes. In their normal forms, the germs- in the Enterobacteriaceae family (e.g. E. coli) are a normal part of our digestive system. However, some of them have [...] ...

Washington, D.C. and Malvern, PA, July 22, 2019 - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) will collaborate with the U.S. Department of Defenses Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of Malvern, Pennsylvania, to develop a novel antibiotic to treat infections caused by bacteria resistant to currently available agents.. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention designated antibiotic-resistant infections, including infections such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), as urgent public health threats. CDC estimates that antibiotic-resistant infections affect at least two million people in the United States each year and drive $35 billion in healthcare system costs annually.. Venatorxs clinical-stage candidate includes a novel compound, VNRX-5133, which when combined with cefepime, a currently marketed antibiotic, may overcome certain forms of antibiotic ...

Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) said that three people tested positive as potential carriers of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.

Fulltext - Frequency and Characteristics of the Neonatal Sepsis Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing and Non-Producing Organisms in the Chittagong Area of Bangladesh

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of maternal recto-vaginal ESBL-E colonization, identify risk factors for maternal and neonatal ESBL-E c...

James A. McKinnell, MD, is an associate professor of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. His research focuses on understanding optimal treatment and better classifying disease burden from highly drug resistant bacteria, including Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae spp.. ...

Wielooporne szczepy Klebsiella pneumoniae są częstą przyczyną poważnych zakażeń, takich jak: zapalenie płuc, zakażenia układu moczowego, sepsa, zapalenie opon mózgowo- rdzeniowych oraz ropnie narządowe. Najważniejszym mechanizmem oporności pałeczek Klebsiella na antybiotyki β-laktamowe jest wytwarzanie β-laktamaz o rozszerzonym spektrum substratowym (ESBL). Geny kodujące ESBL są najczęściej zlokalizowane w obrębie dużych plazmidów, co ułatwia ich koniugacyjne rozprzestrzenianie się wśród pałeczek Gram-ujemnych.

Toho-1 which is also designated CTX-M-44 is an extended-spectrum class A β-lactamase that has high activity toward cefotaxime. have certain effects on expansion of substrate specificity while those of Cys69 and Phe160 have less effect and that of Asp240 has no effect on the hydrolysis of any substrates examined. Gly232 which have been assumed to … Continue reading Toho-1 which is also designated CTX-M-44 is an extended-spectrum class A. ...

Tn2603 that differs from Tn21 only by a single additional cassette encoding the OXA-1 Beta-lactamase gene (46). aureus infections among patients in the emergency orde ment.

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