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The Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) was developed for use with Canadian populations with ongoing evaluation of the psychometric properties of reliability, validity and generalizability. Embedded within the CPGI is the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) comprised of nine items that are summed to derive a single additive problem gambling score. This technique implies that a single factor or dimension underlies the items of the instrument. However, theoretical development and previous work has suggested that the construct validity of this instrument may be based on a two factor structure of problem gambling behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors. Additionally, cut-off values derived from a summation of the 9 items are used to categorize respondents into non-gambler, non-problem gambler, at-risk gambler, moderate and severe gambler categories. If two factors better fit PGSI data then the value of these cut-off points is drawn into question. The PGSI has been primarily subjected ...

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There is a paucity of longitudinal investigations of gambling behavior in the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of the associations and patterns of change between mental health symptoms and gambling behavior. A representative sample of Norwegians completed questionnaires containing demographic, mental health, and gambling measures at age 17 (N = 2055), and at ages 18 (N = 1334) and 19 (N = 1277). Using latent class analysis, three classes of gambling behavior were identified: consistent non-gambling (71.1%), consistent non-risk gambling (23.8%), and risky-and-problem gambling (5.1%). Being male, showing higher physical and verbal aggression and having more symptoms of depression were associated with greater odds of belonging to the risky-and-problem gambling class at age 17. Overall, the risky-and-problem gambling class had the highest physical and verbal aggression, anxiety, and depression at 19 years. Our findings elucidate the reciprocal

The Florida Council on Compulsive Gambling, Inc. (FCCG) is a not-for-profit corporation under contract with Florida State government, serving as the designated state affiliate of the National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG). In addition to operating the 24-hour Problem Gambling HelpLine (888- ADMIT-IT), the FCCG increases awareness of problem gambling through education and outreach efforts throughout the state of Florida, advocates on behalf of the public regarding issues relating to problem gambling, and provides programs, resources, and other population specific supports to those in need of assistance. For more information, please visit www.gamblinghelp.org. ...

Problem gambling has been identified as an emergent public health issue, and there is a need to identify gambling trends and to regularly update worldwide gambling prevalence rates. This paper aims to review recent research on adult gambling and problem gambling (since 2000) and then, in the context of a growing liberalization of the gambling market in the European Union, intends to provide a more detailed analysis of adult gambling behavior across European countries. A systematic literature search was carried out using academic databases, Internet, and governmental websites. Following this search and utilizing exclusion criteria, 69 studies on adult gambling prevalence were identified. These studies demonstrated that there are wide variations in past-year problem gambling rates across different countries in the world (0.12-5.8%) and in Europe (0.12-3.4%). However, it is difficult to directly compare studies due to different methodological procedures, instruments, cut-offs, and time frames. Despite the

Researchers are not certain what causes video game addiction; however, some experts believe that elevated dopamine levels contribute heavily to the problem. The neurotransmitter dopamine works in the brains reward center. It is released during activities most people find pleasurable, including eating and consuming certain drugs. Therapists view all addictions as functioning essentially the same way. In the case of non-substance addictions, such as those to sex, gambling and gaming, the behavior takes the place of a substance. The action of playing generates a feeling of pleasure, which ensures the addict will repeat the action as often as possible. In a report published by CBC News in April 2013, a gaming addiction expert said those with certain personality disorders or disabilities are at greater risk than others. She noted that people who suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Aspergers are particularly susceptible to gaming addiction. Those who study video game addiction ...

Excessive or problematic use of internet technologies, including for example, smartphones, social media, and video gaming, have been increasingly investigated in recent years. Studies demonstrate that particular personality traits, biological and mental health-related problems drive such problematic use. Furthermore, problematic internet use leads to adverse consequences, such as impairments in work, school or social functioning, as well as physical and mental health consequences including musculoskeletal pain, insomnia as well as addictive tendencies, and pedestrian- and driving-related accidents. This issue is particularly salient given ongoing societal debate about how much screen time is appropriate and healthy for an individual, with large technology companies recently implementing screen time monitoring and feedback to users in their software applications.For this Research Topic, we aim to better understand the phenomenology of problematic internet technology use, its causes and consequences. We

Objective: The aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse the prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders (DSM-IV Axis I disorders) among treatment-seeking problem gamblers. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed studies that provided prevalence estimates of Axis I psychiatric disorders in individuals seeking psychological or pharmacological treatment for problem gambling (including pathological gambling). Meta-analytic techniques were performed to estimate the weighted mean effect size and heterogeneity across studies. Results: Results from 36 studies identified high rates of co-morbid current (74.8%, 95% CI 36.5-93.9) and lifetime (75.5%, 95% CI 46.5-91.8) Axis I disorders. There were high rates of current mood disorders (23.1%, 95% CI 14.9-34.0), alcohol use disorders (21.2%, 95% CI 15.6-28.1), anxiety disorders (17.6%, 95% CI 10.8-27.3) and substance (non-alcohol) use disorders (7.0%, 95% CI 1.7-24.9). Specifically, the highest mean prevalence of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Technological addiction and developmental risk: A comparison between Italian and migrant children and adolescents. AU - Milani, Luca. AU - Valtolina, Giovanni Giulio. AU - Boerchi, Diego. PY - 2020. Y1 - 2020. N2 - The Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the third section of the DSM-5 as a new behavioral addiction, related to some developmental risks such as depression, anxiety, attention disorders, social phobia, behavioural disor- ders, low academic performance. Similar to the IGD, the Internet Addiction (AI) has also been studied as a behavioral addiction related to an uncontrolled use of the Web for the purpose of mood modulation. The Internet Addiction has in turn been correlated with numerous developmental risks, both in terms of internalization and externalization. Given the vulnerability of migrant populations to behavioral addiction such as gambling disorder, it is important to check whether this vulnerability also includes technological dependencies: IGD ...

RGS9-2, a key signaling protein in the brain known to play a critical role in the development of addiction-related behaviors, acts as a positive modulator of oxycodone reward in both pain-free and chronic pain states, according to a study conducted at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and published online January 17 in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology. The mechanisms of oxycodone action uncovered through this study will help scientists and physicians develop strategies and tools to dissociate the analgesic (pain relief) actions of opioids from the addiction-related effects. Using mouse models of acute and chronic pain, Mount Sinai researchers found that RGS9-2, the intracellular protein that controls the function of opioid receptors in the brain reward center, promotes addiction to oxycodone in pain-free, acute, and chronic pain states. Mice that lacked the gene responsible for encoding RGS9-2 (RGS9KO mice) showed less propensity to develop addiction-related behaviors. Furthermore, ...

Public Release: 20-Jan-2016 University of British Columbia Credit: University of British Columbia Adding flashing lights and music to gambling encourages risky decision-making -- even if youre a rat. In research published today in the Journal of Neuroscience, scientists at UBC discovered rats behaved like problem gamblers when sound and light cues were added to a…

This study showed that 2.1% of total number of participants were at risk and 5.2% were addicted users, so 7.3 % of all participants were considered problematic users. In a study conducted by Deng and colleagues, it was also found that the prevalence of this disorder was 5.52% among students which is consistent with our own results. Similarly, Ramazani and colleagues found the total prevalence of 3% for Iranian medical students (1). Similar study was conducted among students of Turkish University of Medical Sciences showing the prevalence of internet addiction is 24 (10.3%) among nursing students, 7 (9.9%) among midwifery students, 5 (9.1%) among medical rescue students and 42 (19.6%) among physiotherapy students (10, 11). It must be noted that comparing these studies is a difficult task because of differences in study populations, applied tools and differences in social and cultural contexts. The participants of this study stated the main purposes of using internet as the following (in order of ...

Several reasons are behind this increasing prevalence of internet addiction potentially. The web insurance in Saudi Arabia has truly gone ten-fold within the last 10 years up, so a lot more than 90% of its inhabitants will ABT-869 tyrosianse inhibitor have an web connection. Many adolescents get access to gadgets (e.g., smartphones, tablets, and computer systems), and an frustrating most them utilize it more than the suggested level (age group: 14C19, make use of: 2 h/time, guys: 84%, and young ladies: 91%).[3] Some social media marketing applications (e.g., WhatsApp, Snapchat, and Twitter) are especially popular. The bad weather of Saudi Arabia (e.g., severe heat during summer months) likely increases their use of digital media by forcing them to stay inside during the daytime. Among research with high university and college pupil samples, the info indicate that Saudi females are equally, or even more, addicted to the web than Saudi adult males. A study of female university or college students ...

Problem gambling is a perennial issue frequently reported in the media. This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource on problem gambling research. It describes the state of the art of the subject and presents the latest developments such as computer modelling of gambling behaviour and risk

Over 500,000 people in Australia have a moderate or severe gambling problem and for every person struggling with a gambling disorder 5-10 other people are negatively affected including family, friends, employers (Productivity Commission Report 2010).This equates to over 5 million people in Australia and 2.5 million in NSW.. This project aims to provide a trained group of peer educators to raise community awareness of the issue of problem gambling. Our bureau of peer educators are trained and coordinated through the Gambling Impact Society (NSW) Inc. to provide awareness training and community education from the perspective of people who have been directly negatively impacted by problem gambling but also recovered and able to share their story.. Since May 2012, over 2329 participants have attended a Consumer Voices session and over 137 different community organisations and service agencies have received this community education program. This includes Health and Welfare professionals, community ...

Sports betting is growing exponentially, is heavily marketed and successfully targets young adult males. Associated gambling problems are increasing. Therefore, understanding risk factors for problem gambling amongst sports bettors is an increasingly important area of research to inform the appropriate design and targeting of public health and treatment interventions. This study aimed to identify demographic,…

|p |Multiuser online game addiction in particular and Internet addiction in general has become an urgent matter in Vietnam. Central government agencies and the authorities of some cities are tightening control of online games.|/p|

Last Door Recovery Centre is one of Canadas premier accredited addiction treatment rehab centres for male youth and adults. For more information on our addiction treatment recovery programs, please call us at 1-888-525-9771.. New West Recovery is hope to Last Doors facilities, where youth and adults, and their families heal from addiction issues.. Last Door Recovery Society provides quality long-term residential in-patient Adolescent Addiction Treatment for male youths 14 to 18 years of age and Adult Addiction Treatment for males 19 and over, providing alcohol rehab, substance abuse and drug treatment.. Last Door helps people recover from drug addiction, alcohol addiction, gambling addiction, food addiction, video gaming addiction, internet addiction and nicotine addiction in the Vancouver area and New Westminster BC using the Social Model Program of Recovery.. Click here for Addiction Treatment Clinical Benefits For 30 years Last Door has provided individual biopsychosocial perspective ...

Addiction Treatment - Addictive Behavior Program and Customized Treatment. It is unrealistic to have a one model to address all girls difficulties.

Numerous people suffer from compulsive behavior disorder. Theres compulsive shopping, eating, gambling, sex and even exercise. There is a garden with variety of obsessive compulsiveness. When any individual suffers from compulsive disorder, these behaviors are very difficult to overcome as that person is trapped in a pattern of senseless and repetitive thinking. On the other way when any activity, substance, object or behavior which has become the major focus in a persons life in exclusion of other activities or has begun to harm either physically, mentally or socially are considered as addictive behavior. Some researchers imply that there are similarities between physical addictions to various chemicals, like: alcohol, heroin and psychological dependence to activities such as compulsive gambling, sex, work running, shopping, or eating disorders.. ...

Praise for the previous print edition:. ...user-friendly, trustworthy...recommended for a wide range of readers...-Booklist. Recommended.-Choice The substance abuse problem in the United States is serious and growing, and although alcohol and marijuana are the most often abused substances, the issue of addiction reaches far beyond substance abuse to areas often overshadowed by alcohol and drugs. Shopping, gambling, plastic surgery, weight loss, food, and Internet use are all objects of addiction. From adolescents to senior citizens, millions of Americans are ruled by addictive behaviors that may destroy their lives as well as the lives of their families, friends, and even strangers ...

Millions of Americans have addictions - drugs, alcohol, gambling, cigarettes - and they feel powerless to stop abusing whatever it is. Food addiction is no different. As a matter of fact, some studies show that food addiction is one of the most common in our country. Turning to food to cope with feelings of low…

We investigate the extent to which problem gambling in a recent South African sample, as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), is comorbid with depression, anxiety and substance abus

Online games are played by individuals sitting at their desks in front of their personal computers. It can be played at any time of the day and at any place. This has become a popular pastime among people who cannot find time to go to a land based casino. In addition, many people have been encouraged by the recent rise in the price of land-based casinos that they now wish to try their luck at online ones. Online gaming is safe and hassle free and there is no loss of money in playing. This article looks closely at online games. Learn more information about login joker123.. Online gaming device such as computers, laptops, and gaming consoles are inherently safe provided they are properly used. However, there are certain precautions one must take while using these devices to avoid exposing oneself to risk of injury. For example, many games involve the use of the head and neck. Care should be taken to ensure that the safety settings of the gaming device are on to avoid unnecessary impact.. Online ...

Some people have quipped that the only problem gamblers have is losing. Would that it was that simple. Solving problem gambling involves a lot more than just finding a winning system or having a lucky streak, because a gambling problem is a deep seated situation that involves a lot more than just losing a game or money. Addictive gambling can rob you of everything you care about or hold dear and it isnt about winning and losing, it is about gambling and action.. Like a lot of decisions in life, the decision to try to get help for problem gambling is often difficult to make because it is hard to see things clearly. You may wonder, Do I really have a problem with gambling? Would everything really be okay if I could just start winning? Can I hit a lucky streak to pull myself out of this and then stop?. Those are all questions that face many people who have started the long slide backwards into the terrible experience of compulsive gambling. Gamblers, like other addicts, are great at ...

Over the past several decades, and particularly gambling the just click for source 10 to 15 years, there has been a rapid increase in the accessibility of legalized gambling in the United States and other parts of the chart. Few studies gambling systematically explored the relationships between patterns of gambling and health status.. Existing data support the notion that some gambling behaviors, particularly problem and pathological gambling, are associated with nongambling health problems. The purpose of this article is to provide a perspective on the relationship between gambling behaviors and substance use disorders, signs more info data regarding movie associations and screening and treatment options for problem and pathological gambling, and suggest a role for generalist fright in assessing problem and pathological gambling.. A rationale for conceptualization of pathological gambling as an addictive disorder and a model proposing stress as a possible mediating factor in the relationship ...

The World Health Organization has added gaming disorder to the International Classification of Diseases, which officially recognizes gaming addiction as a mental health disorder.

Understanding behavioral addictions is vital to creating effective treatment programs that will help a person successfully control their compulsions.

Gambling as a recreational activity has been popular for many years. Today there are hundreds of websites where individuals can go to gamble, whether for fun or for real money. The Internet has made it possible for even the youngest of people to learn how to play various casino games.. If you feel you have a gambling problem, seek help 토토 immediately. It is much easier to treat a problem when it is diagnosed early on. Most insurance companies will not cover gambling addiction, as they view gambling as a disorder. If you gamble on a regular basis and are aware that this is affecting your life and affecting other areas of your life, seek professional help immediately.. The problem of gambling may stem from various factors. Genes, environment, gender, personality, addiction to alcohol or drugs, or gambling addiction are all possible causes. Generally, gambling is considered to be a higher risk activity for both the gambler and the person with whom he or she gambles. Gambling addiction increases ...

Gaming addiction is expected to be classified as a mental disorder by the World Health Organisation (WHO) but - while concerns over the addictive properties of video games are reasonable - there is a lack of rigorous research to back it up.

Addiction: Habitual psychological and physiological dependence on a substance or practice beyond ones voluntary control. You will notice that, contrary to what many believe, gambling addiction is not a money problem. Most people gamble definition escape more info stress, a painful past, to seek arousal, or to be in action. Gambling addiction definition also known as compulsive gambling, pathological gambling, and problem gambling.. The technical definitions of gambling addiction are:. Pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder characterized according to the international diagnostic classification DSM-IV, by persistent, recurrent and maladaptive gambling behavior which disrupts the subjects personal, family and working life.. A progressive disorder characterized by a continuous or periodic loss of control over gambling; a preoccupation with gambling and with obtaining money with which to gamble; irrational thinking; and a continuation of the behavior despite adverse consequences. Gambling ...

If you have a gambling problem get help to quit gambling for good. Learn about Gamblers Anonymous, GamCare and Gamble Aware programs for problem gamblers

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Date: Monday, February 26, 2018 Contact: Lorri Pickens [email protected], / 920-358-7980 Appleton, WI- March is Problem Gambling Awareness month and Citizens Against Expanding Gambling is redoubling its efforts to educate the public, elected officials and other opinion leaders about the dangers associated with problem gambling. The Wisconsin Council of Problem Gamblers estimates … Continue reading CAEG Recognizes Problem Gambling Awareness Month →. Continue reading... ...

Gaming addiction can have serious physical, emotional, and social consequences. Getting your teen help for video game addiction is the first action to take. This article is full of helps for you and

Although relatively new, video game addiction can cause real distress. Learn the signs, symptoms, treatment options, and statistics of this behavioral addiction so you or a loved one can get the help you need.

Carbsane aka Evelyn Kocur aka the bloated blogger tells us food restriction causes addictive behaviour Evie doesnt restrict her food intake, that is why she has stated more than once publicly, she has been obese most of her adult life. Except, when she low carbed and lost a huge amount of weight. In one sense she is right. I have restricted my sugar/carb intake drastically, because as a type two diabetic, I am addicted to wanting to keep my eye sight, limbs and kidneys. Eddie ...

The articles in this all-new collection, reprinted from American Psychological Association journals, describe a wide range of biological, psychological, and social approaches to researching and treating addictive behaviors

Basic Information On Treatment For Drug Addiction. With the fact that Drug Addiction is catching up fast and is as deadly as the Human Immuno Virus spread Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), it is extremely important that we look at ways of tr… With the fact that Drug Addiction is catching up fast and is as deadly as the Human Immuno Virus spread Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), it is extremely important that we look at ways of treating drug addiction. We all know it is a major issue with a cross section of people affected by drug addiction. Treatment of drug addiction is a combination of traditional, spiritual and the medical way which allows the patient to combat drug addiction. Treatments for drug addictions are always administered in facilities like clinics, hospitals, drug rehab centers etc. in the presence of trained physicians in administering addiction medicine and doctors who are specialized in treating addiction related cases. It may seem that treatment of drugs is ...

Gambling problems can happen to anyone from any walk of life. Your gambling goes article source a fun, harmless diversion to an unhealthy obsession with serious consequences. Whether you bet on sports, scratch gambling, roulette, gamblihg, or slots-in a casino, at the track, or online-a gambling problem can strain your relationships, interfere with work, and lead to financial cadr.. You may even gambling things you never thought you would, like running up huge debts or even stealing money to gamble. Of course, you can also have a gamblihg problem without being totally out of control. A gambling addiction or problem is often associated with other behavior or mood disorders. Many games gamblers also suffer with substance abuse issues, unmanaged ADHD, stress, depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder.. The sisease step is to toy story games free online the myths from onlije facts about gambling gambliny Fact: A problem gambler may gamble frequently today infrequently.. Gambling is a problem if it ...

This report presents the findings of the 2011 NSW Gambling Survey. The survey was conducted for the NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing by Ogilivy Illumination. It is the largest dedicated survey into problem gambling in NSW with a sample size of 10,000 adults aged 18 and over.

Drug addiction involves perseverant and compulsive drug seeking and attempts to obtain and consume drugs despite aversive consequences. One leading circuit-level hypothesis for how addiction arises is that maladaptive neuroadaptations are caused by reward circuits because the dopamine system is usurped by the addictive substances (Everitt and Robbins, 2005; Wise, 1998). The main brain areas composing the reward circuits are distributed across multiple areas and include the basal ganglia (including the striatum), the limbic system (including the amygdala and the hippocampus), and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Among these regions, the striatum is the core input nucleus and plays key roles in reward-related learning as well as in addictive behaviors. The acquisition and maintenance of addiction-like behaviors appear to arise from a series of molecular and cellular adaptations in striatal circuits (Gerfen and Surmeier, 2011; Hyman et al., 2006).. In fact, the striatum is composed of several ...

In addition to being fun, gambling video games can reduce stress, decrease depression, growing vision, enhance the ability to multitask, and improve decision-making skills.. On the other hand, online gaming is likewise connected to obesity, growing depression, poor grades, addictive conduct, and increased aggressive or violent behavior.. This why parents need to be knowledgeable about the games their children are gambling, the protection settings and features of the devices they may be playing video games on, and then apply commonplace feel to their childrens online gaming opportunities. Recognize that what works for one baby might not be the right blend for another child.. ...

Non-substance addictions, also known as behavioral addictions, can include food addiction, video gaming addiction, social media addiction, and more.

YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio (WYTV) - Local experts dealing with those suffering with alcohol and drug addiction are calling a new report from the nations chief medical officer something that could change the way people perceive the problem.. The U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy released a 400-page study called Facing Addiction in America, covering various aspects of abuse, treatment and recovery, as well as the stigma of addiction being a personal choice or a character flaw.. Dr. Dan Brown, with Meridian Community Care, said he agrees with the Surgeon General - that addiction is a serious, chronic medical condition.. I think thats one of the nice things about this report, really addressing how addiction occurs, how it works in the brain and the factors that lead to someone developing an addiction, he said.. The report also says there were nearly 21 million people suffering with some sort of addiction disorder last year, but only one in 10 were receiving any treatment.. The number of people that ...

The pain, anguish and self destructive behavior are apparent as the addiction gets out of control. Our society seems to look the other way. For example in New York City there are those that live on the streets in card board boxes. Each and every day those riding the subway walk over and even around these individuals. They do not think twice to help them. The police take notice and all they do is ask them to move to a more private area of the city. This is same at all local gambling establishments. They do nothing to help those that are addicted. They have no problem taking their money until there is no money to take. At that point they throw them out into a world where they have lost respect from friends and loved ones. They know that a large percentage of their profits come from those that are addicted. They do nothing. It is up to you and me to make that difference. By helping the compulsive gamblers to stop their addition we no longer feed the gambling establishments ...

Using self-help tools and the web was a good fit for me when I needed help with my gambling problem, says *Ivan (*not his real name). Its help anytime, anywhere, because sometimes youre down in the dumps at 4 am.. Ivans story is not an uncommon one among people struggling with a gambling problem. He started gambling at the age of 19 and formally banned himself (self-excluded) from casinos three times. He turned to online gambling and, by the time he was 27, Ivan had lost over $100,000. The bills were piling up, he was missing work, his drinking got worse and his wife was ready to leave him.. I decided to get help. I tried counseling and self-help books and I turned to the web whenever I needed help, he says. Ivan is active in online peer support communities where he was recruited to help review CAMHs new online self-help gambling tools. Ivan says the tools will help a lot of people who are too ashamed to seek help, but really need it.. If youre trying to resist gambling urges, you ...

Food addiction or compulsive eating is a pathological disorder. The individual exhibits cravings and withdrawal symptoms similar to those noticed in drug addictions. This is because the same neurological pathways come into play in both cases.

The scientific study of addictive behavior has led down many pathways. For decades, mice have been studied scientifically in the laboratory to find causative relationships for explaining addictive behavior in lab specimens. Genetically and neurologically, mice are very similar to humans. The entire setup of the brain is quite similar, utilizing the same neurotransmitters and receptors and protein; Mice have 20,000 - 25,000, about the same number as humans. The average mouse gene is about 85% similar to the corresponding human gene.. In the laboratory, mice strains have been bred to have remarkably similar addictive characteristics. Examples include strains exhibiting unique drug preferences, and/or demonstrating either increased or decreased sensitivity, tolerance, dependence and withdrawal symptoms in the use of alcohol or drugs. Just as each laboratory strain of mice models similar or identical addictive behaviors, the strains also share genetic commonalities. As a result of these findings, ...

Gaming disorder is characterized by a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behaviour (digital gaming or video-gaming), which may be online (i.e., over the internet) or offline, manifested by: 1) impaired control over gaming (e.g., onset, frequency, intensity, duration, termination, context); 2) increasing priority given to gaming to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other life interests and daily activities; and 3) continuation or escalation of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences. ...