Biofilms are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Biofilms have been shown to attract and harbor pathogens such as P. aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila in premise plumbing system. The fact that biofilms can protect attached bacterial cells from disinfectants raises rudimentary questions regarding interactions of bacterial cells with biofilm surfaces. Consequently, the main objectives of this study were to: 1) investigate the mechanisms that govern E. coli S17, E. coli 14f and Legionella cells adhesion on clean PVC, copper and biofilms; 2) examine the role of disinfectants on biofilms structure and subsequent effect on bacterial adhesion. Mechanisms of three strains of bacteria attachment on biofilms grown on PVC and copper surfaces were investigated. Biofilms were grown in CDC reactors using different types of feed water such as groundwater, monochloramine-treated groundwater, dechlorinated tap water and tap water. Biofilm physical structure was characterized at micro- and meso-scales using ...

The global issue of nosocomial infection is owing to bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on medical devices which primarily affects critically ill and/or immuno-compromised patients and also leads to malfunctioning of the devices. Therefore, it is desirable to prevent bacterial colonization on these devices by coating with a non toxic antimicrobial agent or bacterial adherence inhibitor. Here we have shown Bacillus licheniformis JS2 derived selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) inhibit Staphylococcus aureus adherence and micro-colony formation on polystyrene, glass, and catheter surface. Results indicated that, the coating of these non toxic biogenic SeNPs, at a concentration of 0.5mgSe/ml, prohibits bacterial load to more than 60% on glass and catheter surface, when incubated at 4°C for 24h in phosphate buffered saline. Furthermore, confocal and electron microscopic observations strongly suggested the inhibition of biofilm and micro-colony formation on SeNP coated glass and catheter surfaces ...

Adherence ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis on prosthetic biomaterials: an in vitro study [Corrigendum] Â Shida T, Koseki H, Yoda I, et al. Int J Nanomed. 2013;8(1):3955â 3961.On page 3955, please note that the first affiliation has changed from Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan to Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.Read the original article

Ileal lesions in Crohns disease (CD) patients are colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), and to survive within macrophages. The interaction of AIEC with IEC depends on bacterial factors mainly type 1 pili, flagella, and outer membrane proteins. In humans, proteases can act as host defence mechanisms to counteract bacterial colonization. The protease meprin, composed of multimeric complexes of the two subunits alpha and beta, is abundantly expressed in IECs. Decreased levels of this protease correlate with the severity of the inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the ability of meprin to modulate the interaction of AIEC with IECs. In patients with ileal CD we observed decreased levels of meprins, in particular that of meprin β. Dose-dependent inhibition of the abilities of AIEC strain LF82 to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial T84 cells was

PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

Pappelbaum, Karin I.; Gorzelanny, Christian; Graessle, Sandra; Suckau, Jan; Laschke, Matthias W.; Bischoff, Markus; Bauer, Corinne; Schorpp-Kistner, Marina; Weidenmaier, Christopher; Schneppenheim, Reinhard; Obser, Tobias; Sinha, Bhanu; Schneider, Stefan W. ...

Bacterial biofilms are sessile microbial communities that cause serious problems, such as antibiotic resistant chronic infections in humans, and persistent biofouling of engineering facilities. Biofilm formation is initiated by bacterial adhesion to a surface followed by the formation of microcolonies and further development of heterogeneous structures with water channels between cell clusters. The mechanism of biofilm structural heterogeneity and the bacterial genes involve in structural organization are still poorly understood. Nevertheless, once microbes adhere to a surface and form biofilm on it, they are up to 10-1,000 times more resistant to antimicrobial agents than their free-swimming counterparts. It is well accepted that biofilm formation involves multicellular behaviors, associated with major changes in microbial gene expression and protein synthesis. These changes are influenced by many environmental factors such as surface hydrophobicity, topography, chemistry, and charge. To better

Structural studies of biological macromolecular assemblies are providing an understanding of cellular function. In our laboratory, we utilize electron microscopy and image reconstruction to investigate questions about microbial virulence.. Work in the lab currently focuses on bacterial adhesion pili (fimbriae), type III secretion system needles, and virus replication. These projects address basic medical research questions directed at understanding bacterial adhesion to human host tissue and viral replication. Our data support development of novel therapeutics targeting these important health issues including, for example, development of a vaccine against travelers diarrhea.. ...

In this paired case-control study of infants with diarrhea in São Paulo, we examined the association between HEp-2-adherent Escherichia coli strains and diarrhea. We tested isolates from stool specimens of infants with diarrhea and matched controls in an HEp-2 cell adherence assay; we then hybridized isolates with DNA probes and identified enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). From 100 patient-control pairs, we isolated 78 HEp-2-adherent strains; of these, 61 strains were single pathogens identified in stools of infants with diarrhea. While typical EPEC was significantly associated with diarrhea ( ...

Attached versus free living.Our results, as well as some previous reports (1-3, 7, 13, 29, 30), indicated that the bacterial community in aquatic environments is, in terms of species composition, markedly different for cells associated with particles and those that are free living. The attached community shows amazingly little diversity, with most clones belonging to the γProteobacteria and highly similar to the cultivated marine bacterium A. macleodii IAM 12920T, a strain isolated in the 1970s from coastal waters near Oahu, Hawaii (6). The pelagic assemblage is dominated by a more heterogeneous population that varies with depth. Here the best matches correspond to uncultivated entries only known by sequence, as shown in many previous studies. Amorphous aggregates that appear in natural aquatic environments can have various origins, e.g., bacteria attached to zooplankton fecal pellets, bacteria attached to each other by polymers, or bacteria attached to animal debris, such as the cast houses of ...

Stinson, Murray W. and Jen Ren Wang (1997) Lectin inhibition of bacterial adhesion to animal cells. [Publication] Full text not available from this repository ...

BioFilm Pharma and BIOASTER (www.bioaster.org), the French Institute for Technological Research in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, announced today the signature of a research contract.. To address the challenge of antibiotic resistance, this collaboration will lead to the deciphering of the mode of action of a new class of drugs.. This first project aims at identifying the mode of action of non-antibiotic anti-biofilms molecules through an integrated multi-omic analysis.. Anti-biofilm candidates of the study have already shown very promising results thanks to the BioFilm Ring Test® technology patented by the BioFilm Technologies group. As of today, this key technology is the only reliable and standardized in vitro biofilm method focusing on bacterial adhesion. Find more information on BIOASTER Press Release here.. ...

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Much work on bacterial adhesion has focussed on the colonisation of surfaces and the removal of mature biofilms. Little attention has been devoted to interactions within mature biofilms and how these might be manipulated in the cause of novel therapies. Calcium binding to oral streptococci displays …

We compared exemplar strains from two hypervirulent clonal complexes, strain NMB-CDC from ST-8/11 cc and strain MC58 from ST-32/269 cc, in host cell attachment and invasion. Strain NMB-CDC attached to and invaded host cells at a significantly greater frequency than strain MC58. Type IV pili retained the primary role for initial attachment to host cells for both isolates regardless of pilin class and glycosylation pattern. In strain MC58, the serogroup B capsule was the major inhibitory determinant affecting both bacterial attachment to and invasion of host cells. Removal of terminal sialylation of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in the presence of capsule did not influence rates of attachment or invasion for strain MC58. However, removal of either serogroup B capsule or LOS sialylation in strain NMB-CDC increased bacterial attachment to host cells to the same extent. Although the level of inhibition of attachment by capsule was different between these strains, the regulation of the capsule synthesis ...

The mechanisms by which bacteria adhere to inert surfaces are not well understood. The aim of this work was to elucidate the structural and genetic changes induced in a classical E. coli K-12 strain by a mutation allowing surface colonization. Electron microscopy of negatively stained bacteria revealed the presence of thin fibrillar pili at the surfaces of the mutant cells (Fig. 6). These particular pili seemed to be identical to the Congo red-binding structures described by Olsén and coworkers (22) as curli. When grown on CFA-Congo red indicator plates, the mutant strains were more intensely stained, indicating curli overproduction. The curli subunits are encoded by the csgA gene (21). Insertion of a reporter cassette into this gene revealed a 3.5-fold-higher transcription in the presence of the mutation responsible for the adherent phenotype. Furthermore, the introduction of a csgAnull mutation totally suppressed the biofilm-forming properties (Fig.2), demonstrating that curli production is ...

casSAR Dugability of Q2FUY2 | clfB | Clumping factor B - Also known as CLFB_STAA8, clfB. Cell surface-associated protein implicated in virulence by promoting bacterial attachment to both alpha- and beta-chains of human fibrinogen and inducing the formation of bacterial clumps. Partly responsible for mediating bacterial attachment to the highly keratinized squamous epithelial cells from the nasal cavity via an interaction with cytokeratin K10 (K10). Also promotes bacterial attachment to cultured keratinocytes, possibly through an interaction with cytokeratin K10. Binds mouse cytokeratin K10. Activates human platelet aggregation.

Microtiter plate-based bacterial biofilm assay is frequently used to study bacterial biofilm development and growth. While this assay is simple and relatively high-throughput, it frequently shows difficulty in establishing robust biofilm attachment in the wells. We report that the consistency of bacterial biofilm a

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

es found that the beads and the bacterial aggregates collided up to a ... The Penn State engineer explains that the fact that large aggregates...Now using the new approach developed by Logan researchers not only ...In addition in studying the ocean processes Logan has identified a ......,Faster,coagulation,rates,found,in,natural,systems,could,impact,industrial,processing,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

Supplementary Materialsmicroorganisms-08-00221-s001. owes its PTC124 cost virulence to its capability to type solid biofilms on oral areas [8]. The bacterial adhesion to the top, which relates to its cariogenic activity extremely, is certainly mediated by the formation of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) with the extracellular enzymes glucosyltransferase (GTF) and fructosyltransferase (FTF) [9,10]. Deposition of and various other dental bacterias being a biofilm may be the total consequence of the bacterias self-adhesion systems, nonetheless it is highly reliant on dietary components [6] also. Furthermore, towards the gain access to of nutrition therefore, organic acids are generated with the bacterial fermentation, which bring about the acidification of the surroundings and provide a primary risk for the teeth enamel integrity [11]. Hence, caries would depend on eating elements extremely, that may influence bacterial biofilm and adhesion formation [6]. Previous research indicated the ...

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Spi-Ceramic coatings are highly adherent nanocrystalline thin films deposited using N2 Biomedicals low temperature ion beam assisted deposition process. Al

Methods for treating patients in which damaged tissue or an indwelling prosthetic device or catheter has a bacterial biofilm growing thereon, to at least partially disrupt said biofilm, by administering at least one antibacterial enzyme that is lethal or damaging to the biofilm-forming bacteria in an amount that is effective to at least partially disrupt the biofilm upon contact therewith. Methods for prophylactically treating a patient, and methods for disinfecting or sterilizing a surface ex-vivo to remove a biofilm or prevent biofilm growth are also disclosed, as well as implantable articles susceptible to biofilm growth to which a prophylactic coating of an antibacterial enzyme has been applied.

How to treat HEK293 with S9 fraction? - posted in Tissue and Cell Culture: Hi, everyone In my experiment, i need to treat HEK293 cells with drug including S9 fraction. In the protocol of S9. The medium including S9 have to remove and wash with PBS after treating in 4 hours. But the adhesion ability of HEK293 cells are very week. The cells will be lost if i wash them. What can i do to improve it? Thanks a lot.

W]hile many behavioral traits have a heritable component, its not anything like what the naive extremists among the cognitive science crowd think. There are no genes that specify what you will name your dog [WTF? -ed]- in fact, most of the genes associated with the brain have very wide patterns of expression and functions that are not neatly tied to behaviors: how does an allele of an adhesion factor map to your performance on a math test? It doesnt, not directly. ...

Viral surface protein implicated in the binding to specific host surface molecule(s). This binding can lead to virion entry into the host cell, it can trigger signaling pathways, or it can allow the virion to be carried by the host cell to a specific organ ...

A community-based life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. These cellular accretions or biofilms are initiated upon reco

whats a Eucaryotic cell?http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html. thanx, you guys are awesome!!. Any time!. eucaryote= no nucleu...

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrates wall shear stress dependent ...

The O26 serogroup of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the serogroups most frequently implicated in infant diarrhea and is also common among enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains. the most common O26 strains belong to EPEC/EHEC serotype O26:H11 and are generally Shiga toxin (Stx) positive. Stx-negative E. coli strains that are negative for the EPEC EAF plasmid and bundle-forming pilus (Bfp) are classified as atypical EPEC. Here, we report a novel adhesin present in an stx-negative bfpA-negative atypical EPEC O26:H11 strain isolated from an infant with diarrhea. A cloned 15-kb genomic region from this strain, designated the locus for diffuse adherence (lda), confers diffuse adherence on HEp-2 cells when expressed in E. coli K-12. Sequence analysis of lda revealed a G+C content of 46.8% and 15 open reading frames sharing homology with the E. coli K88 fae and CS31A clp fimbrial operons. the lda region is part of a putative 26-kb genomic island inserted into the proP gene of the ...

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is a major cause of diarrhea in diverse populations worldwide. EAEC has a characteristic stacked-brick adherence pattern to intestinal epithelial cells which is mediated the aggregative adherence fimbria (AAF). The AraC-like regulator AggR has been found to regulate expression of the genes encoding the AAF and several other virulence associated genes. Multiple epidemiologic studies have found an association between possession of aggR and EAEC disease. However, the exact factor(s) responsible for diarrheal disease remain unclear. A microarray approach was used to identify AggR-regulated genes in EAEC strain 042. Nineteen previously unrecognized genes were found to be regulated by AggR. Three of these genes were chosen for further study based on a high prevalence in an EAEC strain collection. Two of the genes (orf3 and orf4) were found to cause an increase in resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The third (orf61) is a novel membrane damaging toxin ...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains possess genes for attaching and effacing (eae) and EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. It is necessary to develop molecular techniques for the evaluation of EPEC isolates. A total of 183 E. coli isolates from neonates admitted to Pusan National University Hospital were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA colony hybridization. Of the 183 isolates tested, 10 (5.5%) were positive for eae by PCR and DNA colony hybridization and confirmed to be EPEC. Ten EPEC isolates showed 3 different adherence patterns: seven strains had diffuse adherence, two localized adherence-like adherence, and one aggregative adherence. They were also examined by antimicrobial susceptibility tests, serotyping, and molecular epidemiological typing such as pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The EPEC isolates could be divided into 9 different antimicrobial resistance patterns, 6 serotypes, 4 PFGE ...

Numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of laser-induced heat on demineralization of enamel; however, no studies have investigated the link between heat/laser-induced changes in physicochemical properties and bacterial adhesion. In this study, we investigated the effects of thermal treatment on surface properties of enamel such as hydrophobicity and zeta potential. Bacterial adhesion to treated surfaces was characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and adhesion force was quantified by atomic force microscopy. The hydrophobicity of enamel increased after heating (p < 0.05), and the zeta potential of heated enamel became more negative than that of the control (p < 0.01). Streptococcus oralis and S. mitis were more hydrophilic than S. sanguis, with more negative zeta potential (all p < 0.01). S. mitis and S. oralis occupied significantly less area on enamel after being heated (p < 0.05). Heating reduced the adhesion force of both S. mitis and S. oralis to enamel with ...

View Stock Photo of Branhamella Catarrhalis Bacteria Bound To The Surface Of A Human Red Blood Cell Sem X9401. Find premium, high-resolution photos at Getty Images.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus cell surface adhesins using flow cytometry. AU - Mohamed, Nehal. AU - Visai, Livia. AU - Speziale, Pietro. AU - Ross, Julia M.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - The initiation of many infectious diseases involves specific adhesion of bacteria to host tissue proteins and carbohydrates. Staphylococcus aureus is known to bind specifically to several proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We report the quantification of the collagen and fibronectin adhesin densities on the staphylococcal surface using flow cytometry. Our results are in agreement with previous reports on the transcription of the respective genes and demonstrate different patterns of temporal expression for the two adhesins in the strains studied. We demonstrate a convenient technique for quantification of bacterial adhesins that can be used in studies aimed at characterization of bacterial adhesion to ECM components and understanding expression of adhesins during the course of an ...

Definition : Solutions designed to act as a temporary barrier inhibiting postsurgical adhesion between tissues and organs. These solutions are applied to the surface of tissues and organs at the end of surgery, before surgical closure, and are typically resorbed by the body in a short period (e.g., several days). Postsurgical adhesion inhibition solutions are intended for use in pelvic and gynecological surgery, both in open and laparoscopic procedures.. Related Terms : Films, Postsurgical Adhesion Inhibition , Gel, Postsurgical Adhesion Inhibition. Entry Terms : Surgical Adhesion Barrier Solutions , Adhesion Inhibition Solutions , Adhesion Barrier Solutions , Scarring Inhibitors , Postsurgical Scarring Inhibitors , Barriers, Adhesion, Resorbable. UMDC code : 20374 ...

Debate regarding the co-existence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wounds remains contentious, with the dominant hypothesis describing a situation akin to niche partitioning, whereby both microorganisms are present but occupy distinct regions of the wound without interacting. In contrast, we hypothesised that these microorganisms do interact during early co-colonisation in a manner beneficial to both bacteria. We assessed competitive interaction between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in biofilm cultured for 24-72 h and bacterial aggregates analogous to those observed in early (,24h) biofilm formation, and interaction with human keratinocytes. We observed that S. aureus predominated in biofilm and non-attached bacterial aggregates, acting as a pioneer for the attachment of P. aeruginosa. We report for the first time that S. aureus mediates a significant (P,0.05) increase in the attachment of P. aeruginosa to human keratinocytes, and that P. aeruginosa promotes an invasive ...

J. Saunier, J.M. Herry, C. Marliere, M. Renault, M.-N. Bellon-Fontaine, et al.. Modification of the bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus by antioxidant blooming on polyurethane films. Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications, 2015, 56, pp.522-531. 〈hal-01569038〉 ...

In natural environments, bacteria are often found as sessile communities known as biofilms (8, 10). To date, the bacterial structures of adherence (25, 40-42, 56) and the physiological processes involved in bacterial surface colonization (15, 40, 41) are better understood than the genetic responses of bacteria adhering to a surface. By using a library oflacZ fusions and a reliable screen for identifying genes whose expression changes in biofilm versus planktonic cells, the transcription of 38% of the E. coli genes was shown to be modified during the colonization process. Several genes with altered expression in biofilms were identified. Different cellular functions were induced in attached bacteria: the OmpC porin, the high-affinity transport system of glycine betaine, colanic acid production (theE. coli class I exopolysaccharide), tripeptidase T, and synthesis of a nickel high-affinity transport system. On the other hand, the syntheses of flagella and of a putative protein of 92 amino acids ...

Background Diarrhoea due to can be an important reason behind baby mortality and morbidity in developing countries. dairy, lf and fSC could actually inhibit the adhesion of EPEC. -lactalbumin was isolated, but demonstrated no activity on EPEC UNC-1999 supplier adhesion. Conclusions This scholarly research confirmed the fact that immunoglobulin small percentage, the free secretory lactoferrin and element of human milk inhibit EPEC adhesion to HeLa UNC-1999 supplier cells. These outcomes indicate that fSC and Lf may be important non-specific defence factors against EPEC infections. Background Enteropathogenic (EPEC) strains comprise one of the various categories of diarrhoeagenic and are the leading aetiological agent of infant acute diarrhoea in Brazil [1,2]. Contamination by EPEC entails initial adherence of the bacteria to the intestinal epithelial cells via bundle-forming pilus (BFP), and subsequent intimate contact mediated by an outer membrane protein, intimin. This process leads to the ...

Methods of inhibiting bacterial adhesion to medical implants and reducing device-associated infection are effectuated by administering an effective amount of apo-transferrin to an individual with such an implant. Preferably the apo-transferrin is administered by controlled release at or near the implant.

The Scientific World Journal is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research, reviews, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in science, technology, and medicine. The journal is divided into 81 subject areas.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) are Gram-positive cocci and commensals of the human upper respiratory tract. Pneumococcal pathogenesis requires adherence to host cells and dissemination through cellular barriers and to evade host defense mechanisms. The Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) is an important virulence factor which has a crucial role in pneumococcal adhesion to host cells and immune evasion by manipulating the host complement system. To elucidate the pneumococcal adherence and uptake mechanism via factor H glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate and heparin) were employed as competitive inhibitors in infection experiments with epithelial cells or human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Glycosaminoglycans significantly inhibited the FH mediated pneumococcal adherence and subsequent invasion to host epithelial cells. Furthermore, the short consensus repeats of FH which promotes the adhesion of pneumococci to host cells were identified by blocking experiments with domain mapped

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) are Gram-positive cocci and commensals of the human upper respiratory tract. Pneumococcal pathogenesis requires adherence to host cells and dissemination through cellular barriers and to evade host defense mechanisms. The Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) is an important virulence factor which has a crucial role in pneumococcal adhesion to host cells and immune evasion by manipulating the host complement system. To elucidate the pneumococcal adherence and uptake mechanism via factor H glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate and heparin) were employed as competitive inhibitors in infection experiments with epithelial cells or human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Glycosaminoglycans significantly inhibited the FH mediated pneumococcal adherence and subsequent invasion to host epithelial cells. Furthermore, the short consensus repeats of FH which promotes the adhesion of pneumococci to host cells were identified by blocking experiments with domain mapped

Bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells is proposed to be critical for chicken colonization, as cell attachment may prevent clearance of the bacteria via host-mediated mechanical force. The goal of this study was to assess the conservation of the putative C. jejuni adhesin-encoding genes cadF, capA, jlpA, peb1A, porA, Cj1279c (flpA), and Cj1349c and the contribution of the corresponding proteins in C. jejuni host cell interactions. In this study, we found that the cadF, jlpA, porA, peb1A, flpA, and Cj1349c genes were conserved among the isolates, whereas the presence of the capA gene was variable. We found that the C. jejuni CadF, CapA, FlpA, and Cj1349c proteins contribute to the bacteriums in vitro adherence to chicken LMH hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial cells, while CadF, PEB1, and FlpA contribute to the bacteriums in vivo colonization of broiler chicks. This is the first study to show that FlpA promotes the binding of C. jejuni to host cells and plays a role in C. jejuni ...

Adherence of M. pneumoniae to a host cell (usually a respiratory tract cell, but occasionally an erythrocyte or urogenital lining cell) is the initiating event for pneumonic disease and related symptoms. The specialized attachment organelle is a polar, electron dense and elongated cell extension that facilitates motility and cytadherence to host cells. It is composed of a central filament surrounded by an intracytoplasmic space, along with a number of adhesins and structural and accessory proteins localized at the tip of the organelle. A variety of proteins are known to contribute to the formation and functionality of the attachment organelle, including the accessory proteins HMW1â HMW5, P30, P56, and P90 that confer structure and adhesin support, and P1, P30 and P116 which are involved directly in attachment. This network of proteins participates not only in the initiation of attachment organelle formation and adhesion but also in motility. The P1 adhesin (trypsin-sensitive protein) is a 120 ...

Large externalized, repeat-rich proteins are emerging as important factors in the attachment of bacteria to biotic and abiotic surfaces. An intriguing new study of the plant-associated terrestrial microbe Pseudomonas putida by Manuel Espinosa-Urgels group that is reported in this issue of Molecular Microbiology has revealed that LapF, a huge protein (, 6000 aa) associated with the cell surface, is required for microcolony assembly from single attached cells, and in turn, formation of biofilms. Mutants defective in IapF exhibit competitive deficiencies in the rhizosphere. On both biotic and abiotic surfaces, these mutants undergo normal irreversible attachment, but cannot advance beyond this point to form multicellular clusters. The lapF phenotype is nutritionally conditional and is only manifested under a subset of growth regimes. Accordingly, lapF gene expression is controlled by the stress-responsive sigma factor RpoS and is elevated within growing microcolonies on abiotic surfaces and plant ...

Bacterial adhesins promote colonization at the initial stages of an infection by mediating attachment to host tissues, thus avoiding nonspecific host defenses such as mechanical clearance and allowing bacterial multiplication to occur within the host (1). To exert these functions, adhesins need to be presented at the surface of the bacterium. Like typical adhesins, B. pertussis FHA attaches the bacterium to receptors in the respiratory tract (17-21, 28). However, in addition to being surface-associated, large amounts of FHA are also released into the extracellular milieu (15). This has so far only been observed in vitro. In this work, we show for the first time that FHA is likely to also be released in vivo, and that its secretion is necessary for efficient colonization in a mouse model of infection. Our results support the paradigm that the secreted form of bacterial adhesins may participate in pathogenesis.. The use of B. pertussis strains deficient in FHA release but presenting FHA ...

Abstract Expression of the platelet-activating factor receptor is upregulated in the respiratory epithelium of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. We have recently determined that increased expression of PAFr cor - relates with higher levels of adhesion to human bronchial epithelial cells by non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae which are major bacterial pathogens in acute exacerbations of COPD. In addition, we found that a PAFr antagonist decreased the adhesion of both respiratory bacterial pathogens to non-cigarette exposure con - trol levels. This highlights the possibility that epithelial receptors, that are upregulated in response to cigarette smoke, could be targeted to specifically block chronic bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract. In this commentary, we explore the question of whether adhesion to a temporally-upregulated host receptor is a common event in chronic bacterial disease, and as such, could represent a putative ...

Biofilm Growth - Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rocks in a stream bed are often slippery due to the growth of a mixed population of attached bacteria, algae and fungi. These Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria) are shown growing on the surface of a fiber and forming a single species biofilm. - Stock Video Clip K003/2837

Infections by biofilm forming bacteria continue to be a major health challenge costing an estimated additional $11 billion in health care costs in the USA annually. Bacterial biofilms consist of surface attached bacteria encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of exported polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA that facilitates both cell-cell and cell-surface attachment, and serves as a protective barrier for the encased cells. The breakdown of biofilm EPS components using enzyme bio-catalysts has emerged as a promising strategy to disrupt and treat biofilms. One of the most common biofilm exopolysaccharides consists of partially de-N-acetylated b-(1®6)-poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) and is found in the EPS of both gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogens, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. There are two enzymes that specifically hydrolyze dPNAG known, and relatively little information about the specific interactions required ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Wounds are known to serve as portals of entry for group A Streptococcus (GAS). Subsequent tissue colonization is mediated by interactions between GAS surface proteins and host extracellular matrix components. We recently reported that the streptococcal collagen-like protein-1, Scl1, selectively binds the cellular form of fibronectin (cFn) and also contributes to GAS biofilm formation on abiotic su

Invasin and intimin are major virulence factors of enteropathogenic Yersiniae and Escherichia coli, mediating invasion into and intimate adherence to host cells, respectively. Several studies have hinted that extracellular portion of these homologous proteins might be exported via an autotransport mechanism, but rigorous experimental proof has been lacking. Here, we present a topology model for invasin and intimin, consistent with the hypothesis that the N-terminal β-barrel domain acts as a translocation pore to secrete the C-terminal passenger domain. We confirmed this topology model by inserting epitope tags into the loops of the β-barrel. We further show that obstructing the pore of β-barrel hinders the export of the passenger domain. As for classical autotransport, the biogenesis of invasin and intimin is dependent on the Bam complex and the periplasmic chaperone SurA, whereas the chaperone/protease DegP is involved in quality control. However, compared to classical autotransporters (Type Va

The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the influence of fillers in resin composites on the initial bacterial adhesion. For this investigation the strains of S. mutans and S. sanguinis ere used. Additionally, the influence of a pellicle, the inhibitor BHT and silane-treatment of the filler on the bacterial adhesion were examined. The adhesion of the two strains S. mutans and S. sanguinis was also compared. The 13 tested materials were experimental composites, based on the same monomer matrix. One of the composites was without fillers (Grundmasse). The other twelve composites showed a filler-weight fraction of 30%. Two different materials of fillers were used (SiO2, Ba-Al-B-Silikat) with different specific surfaces (0,6 to 150 m2/g). Two materials (K6 0% BHT, K6 1% BHT) differed in silane-treatment of the fillers (silane-treated or not silane-treated). For six composites (Ox 50, R709, DT4, GK 0,7 UF silane-treated, K6 silane-treated, K6 not silane-treated) there was a difference in the ...

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Facial mask pack for anti-wrinkle made by Bio-cellulose. Bio-cellulose is made by fermenting coconut juice with a microorganism, and it has excellent adherence ability and delivery ability for solutions. Also, since it has a cooling effect, it would be very good addtion for your catalog and your customers. Separetely from this, since we are handling... Learn More ...

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Research groupsCell biology and Biotechnology Mechanisms of gene regulation and bacterial biofilm development Dr Fernando Govantes. ..

Long-acting ART has the potential to improve survival of HIV patients, especially those with barriers to adherence, the investigators concluded. With a high cost, long-acting ART will be a good value when used selectively in poorly-adherent patients with multiple failures. With a cost near that of currently available regimens, long-acting ART could be cost-effective as second-line therapy.. The researchers stressed that because survival benefits of long-acting ART could be negligible for highly adherent patient groups, studies of this strategy may underestimate its value if they do not include individuals with barriers to adherence.. They also noted that this model did not incorporate the potential effect of long-acting ART on reducing the risk of HIV transmission, which would likely improve its value. Some experts have suggested that long-acting antiretrovirals may be ideal for pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, which depends on excellent adherence.. The historical 85% cost increase for ...

H-Phe-Asn-Lys-His-Thr-Glu-Ile-Ile-Glu-Glu-Asp-Thr-Asn-Lys-Asp-Lys-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Gln-Phe-Gly-Gly-His-Asn-Ser-Val-Asp-Phe-Glu-Glu-Asp-Thr-Leu-Pro-Lys-Val-OH or H-FNKHTEIIEEDTNKDKPSYQFGGHNSVDFEEDTLPKV- ...

Biofilm formation - posted in Microbiology: Hello to forum members, I have 2 questions and your input is greatly appreciated. 1- What is the best way to grow bacterial biofilm on a plate and food? I am doing some reading on that and have not been able yet to tell the best way. Any one worked in biofilm??? Thx in advance!

Encounters with Epithelial Cells Over the past decade, many bacterial pathogens have been shown to enter epithelial cells (Fig. 114-2); the bacteria often use specialized surface structures that bind to receptors, with consequent internalization. However, the exact role and the importance of this process in infection and disease are not well defined for most of these pathogens. Bacterial entry into host epithelial cells is seen as a means for dissemination to adjacent or deeper tissues or as a route to sanctuary to avoid ingestion and killing by professional phagocytes. ...

Define adhesin: any of various specialized molecular components (such as proteins) on the surface of a bacterial cell that… - adhesin in a sentence

NBIC are hosting a third workshop, on Biofilm Management, after the success of previous workshops on Biofilm Detection and Biofilm Engineering, to explore challenges, opportunities and advances in Biofilm Management.

Neves, B. C., Knutton, S., Trabulsi, L. R., Sperandio, V., Kaper, J. B., Dougan, G., & Frankel, G. (1998). Molecular and ultrastrutural characterization of the EspA filaments from different EPEC serotypes. In Abstracts. Atlanta ...

Spontaneous bacterial colonization by CONS in Mgb-/- females versus Mgb+/- and WT controls.Bacteria recovered from urine (CFU/ml), bladders, and kidneys (CFU/or

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