O-glycosylation has been considered a limiting factor in protein secretion in filamentous fungi. Overexpression of the yeast DPM1 gene encoding dolichylphosphate mannose synthase (DPMS) in an Aspergillus nidulans mutant (BWB26A) deficient in O-glycosylation caused an increase in the number of secretory vesicles and changes in protein secretion. However, the secretory proteins, primarily O-mannosylated glucoamylase and N-glycosylated invertase, were mainly trapped in the periplasmic space. Different glycoforms of invertase were found insite the cells, in the periplasmic space and in the cultivation medium. Our data point to the importance of the cell wall as a barrier in protein secretion ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Bacteria-induced natural product formation in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans requires Saga/Ada-mediated histone acetylation. AU - Nuetzmann, Hans-Wilhelm. AU - Reyes-Dominguez, Yazmid. AU - Scherlach, Kirstin. AU - Schroeckh, Volker. AU - Horn, Fabian. AU - Gacek, Agnieszka. AU - Schümann, Julia. AU - Hertweck, Christian. AU - Strauss, Joseph. AU - Brakhage, Axel A. PY - 2011/8/23. Y1 - 2011/8/23. N2 - Sequence analyses of fungal genomes have revealed that the potential of fungi to produce secondary metabolites is greatly underestimated. In fact, most gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of antibiotics, toxins, or pigments are silent under standard laboratory conditions. Hence, it is one of the major challenges in microbiology to uncover the mechanisms required for pathway activation. Recently, we discovered that intimate physical interaction of the important model fungus Aspergillus nidulans with the soil-dwelling bacterium Streptomyces rapamycinicus specifically ...

The biosynthesis of the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans is catalyzed by three enzymes that are encoded by the acvA, ipnA, and aatA genes. A variety of cis-acting DNA elements and regulatory factors form a complex regulatory network controlling these beta-lactam biosynthesis genes. Regulators involved include the CCAAT-binding complex AnCF and AnBH1. AnBH1 acts as a repressor of the penicillin biosynthesis gene aatA. Until now, however, little information has been available on the signal transduction cascades leading to the transcription factors. Here we show that inhibition of protein kinase C (Pkc) activity in A. nidulans led to cytoplasmic localization of an AnBH1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion protein. Computer analysis of the genome and screening of an A. nidulans gene library revealed that the fungus possesses two putative Pkc-encoding genes, which we designated pkcA and pkcB. Only PkcA showed all the characteristic features ...

Hyphal tip growth in fungi is important because of the economic and medical importance of fungi, and because it may be a useful model for polarized growth in other organisms. We have investigated the central questions of the roles of cytoskeletal elements and of the precise sites of exocytosis and endocytosis at the growing hyphal tip by using the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Time-lapse imaging of fluorescent fusion proteins reveals a remarkably dynamic, but highly structured, tip growth apparatus. Live imaging of SYNA, a synaptobrevin homologue, and SECC, an exocyst component, reveals that vesicles accumulate in the Spitzenkörper (apical body) and fuse with the plasma membrane at the extreme apex of the hypha. SYNA is recycled from the plasma membrane by endocytosis at a collar of endocytic patches, 1-2 μm behind the apex of the hypha, that moves forward as the tip grows. Exocytosis and endocytosis are thus spatially coupled. Inhibitor studies, in combination with observations of ...

1 Adams, T. H., Wieser, J. K., & Yu, J.-H. (1998). Asexual Sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62(2), 545-545. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.62.2.545-545.1998 https://mmbr.asm.org/content/62/1/35.full 2 David, H., Özçelik, I. Ş., Hofmann, G., & Nielsen, J. (2008). Analysis of Aspergillus nidulans metabolism at the genome-scale. BMC Genomics, 9(1), 163. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-163 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386489/ 3 Galagan JE; et al. (2005). Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Nature. 438 (7071): 1105-15. doi:10.1038/nature04341. PMID 16372000. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16372000 4 Gugnani, H. C. (2003). Ecology and taxonomy of pathogenic aspergilli. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8(6). doi: 10.2741/1002 ...

1 Adams, T. H., Wieser, J. K., & Yu, J.-H. (1998). Asexual Sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62(2), 545-545. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.62.2.545-545.1998 https://mmbr.asm.org/content/62/1/35.full 2 David, H., Özçelik, I. Ş., Hofmann, G., & Nielsen, J. (2008). Analysis of Aspergillus nidulans metabolism at the genome-scale. BMC Genomics, 9(1), 163. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-163 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386489/ 3 Galagan JE; et al. (2005). Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Nature. 438 (7071): 1105-15. doi:10.1038/nature04341. PMID 16372000. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16372000 4 Gugnani, H. C. (2003). Ecology and taxonomy of pathogenic aspergilli. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8(6). doi: 10.2741/1002 ...

In this study, several aspects of nitrate assimilation and transport have been studied using the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, which has been shown to be safe laboratory organism as judged by its pathogenicity towards insect larvae. In silico analysis of the A. nidulans genome sequence, identified two putative genes designated cnxL and cnxK that might be involved in molybdenum cofactor (a component of nitrate reductase) biosynthesis as well as two putative nitrate reductases encoding genes niaB and niaC. All four genes are hitherto unknown. Although many features of these proteins provided clues of functionality, biochemical and genetical approaches employed in this present study failed to elicit expression of any of these four genes. A NrtA protein structure model was developed based on residue homology with the E. coli GlpT a protein, the structure of which has been solved. The results of thiol cross-linking of three double cysteine mutants in four NrtA essential residues, R87, ...

In Aspergillus nidulans, the transcriptional activator AlcR mediates specific induction of a number of alc genes. The AlcR DNA-binding domain is a zinc binuclear cluster that differs from the other members of the Zn2Cys6 family in several respects. Of these, the most remarkable is its ability to bind in vitro as a monomer to single sites, whereas only repeated sites (direct or inverted) are necessary and functional in vivo. Deletion of the first five amino acids (following the N-terminal methionine) upstream of the AlcR zinc cluster or mutation of a single residue, Arg-6, impairs the AlcR in vitro binding mainly to symmetrical sites. In vivo, the same mutations result in the inability of A. nidulans to grow on ethanol. The alc− phenotype results from a drastic decrease in activation of its own transcription and, in addition, that of the two structural genes, alcA and aldA, required for ethanol oxidation. This defect seems to be correlated to the inability of the Arg-6 AlcR mutant protein to ...

The histone H2A gene of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans has been cloned and sequenced. There is a single H2A gene in the genome of A. nidulans, and it contains three introns. The introns are 51 nucleotides (nt), 56 nt and 50 nt in length and split codons for amino acids (aa) 18, 48 and 1 …

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Aspergillus nidulans snt genes are required for the regulation of septum formation and cell cycle checkpoints. AU - Kraus, Peter R.. AU - Harris, Steven D.. PY - 2001/11/17. Y1 - 2001/11/17. N2 - In Aspergillus nidulans, germinating conidia undergo multiple rounds of nuclear division before forming a septum. Previous genetic results suggest that the ability to separate nuclear division and septum formation depends upon a threshold level of activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase NIMX,cdk1. Mutations in nimX and nimT, the gene encoding the NIMXcdk1-activating phosphatase, have revealed that Tyr-15 phosphorylation is important for determining the timing of the formation of the first septum. Here, we describe a screen for suppressors of nimT23 (snt), designed to identify additional components of the pathway regulating septum formation. We show that a subset of the snt mutants are defective in the temporal regulation of septum formation and in cell cycle checkpoint responses. ...

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans senses red using the red light receptor, phytochrome (FphA). In this study, we identified the MAP kinase SakA (also known as HogA) was involved in phytochrome-dependent light sensing by an efficient screening approach. FphA physically interacted with the histidine-containing phosphotransferase (HPt), YpdA in the cytoplasm. Light activation of the SakA pathway depended on FphA. Hence, light plugs into the SakA pathway through phytochrome ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of ambient pH stress response mediated by iron and copper intake in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AU - Higuchi, Yujiro. AU - Mori, Hikari. AU - Kubota, Takeo. AU - Takegawa, Kaoru. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - The molecular mechanism of tolerance to alkaline pH is well studied in model fungi Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, how fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe survives under alkaline stress remains largely unknown, as the genes involved in the alkaline stress response pathways of A. nidulans and S. cerevisiae were not found in the genome of this organism. Since uptake of iron and copper into cells is important for alkaline tolerance in S. cerevisiae, here we examined whether iron and copper uptake processes were involved in conferring tolerance to alkaline stress in S. pombe. We first revealed that S. pombe wild-type strain could not grow at a pH higher than 6.7. We further found that the growths of mutants harboring disruption in the ...

Nuclear migration was studied in germinating conidia of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. At the restrictive temperature motili

Dive into the research topics of The Aspergillus nidulans uvsB gene encodes an ATM-related kinase required for multiple facets of the DNA damage response. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Aspergilli represent an extremely important genus of microorganisms which can be both harmful pathogens, and beneficial pharmaceutical producers. In Aspergillis interactions with man, suboptimal nutrient conditions are often present, and lead to a phenomenon known as autophagy. Autophagy is a cellular recycling mechanism that (in the case of macroautophagy) is augmented under nutrient limited conditions to recycle cytoplasmic macromolecules and organelles for use in essential cell functions. Strategic manipulation of autophagy could ultimately lead to improved bioprocesses or anti-fungal treatments. Using the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, a number of important questions about autophagy have been addressed.. Critical to the study of autophagy is the balance between self-degradation and self-preservation. Therefore, we adapted an XTT metabolic activity assay for use in filamentous fungi. The assay was first tested using a number of bioprocess related stresses (e.g. temperature, ...

Conidiation in the filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans requires activation of brlA, a well-characterized transcriptional regulator of genes that are induced specifically during asexual develop

Entry into mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans is regulated by the coordinate function of two serine/threonine protein kinases, NIMXCDC2 and NIMA. NIMXCDC2 is an essential histone H1 kinase that is structurally and functionally homologous to fission yeast p34cdc2 (Osmani et al., 1994). NIMA is a β-casein kinase and is structurally distinct from p34cdc2, containing an amino-terminal catalytic domain and a carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain (Osmani et al., 1988b; Lu et al., 1993; Pu and Osmani, 1995; Pu et al., 1995). Failure to properly activate either of these kinases in G2 prevents the initiation of mitosis, and the combined action of both kinases is critical for coordinating changes in chromosome, microtubule, and nuclear membrane structure during mitosis. For example, mutations preventing the activation of NIMXCDC2 in G2 normally arrests cells in late G2 (Osmani et al., 1991a; 1994). Although overexpression of NIMA can overcome this interphase arrest, the ensuing mitosis is disorganized such ...

Summary: A mutation in a gene designated gmdA has been found to lead to loss of ability of Aspergillus nidulans to use benzamide, phenylacetamide and several other amides as sole nitrogen sources for growth. The gmdAI lesion results in low levels of an enzyme, called the general amidase, which has activity for a wide range of amide substrates. This enzyme is repressed by certain nitrogen-containing metabolites, including ammonium, but is probably not regulated by induction or by carbon catabolite repression. Evidence is presented for the general amidase being distinct from the previously characterized acetamidase and formamidase enzymes. The data also indicate that there is a fourth amidase capable of the hydrolysis of valeramide and hexanamide.

TamA interacts with LeuB, the homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Leu3p, to regulate gdhA expression in Aspergillus nidulans Journal Articles Refereed ...

Molecular origin of the Raman signal from Aspergillus nidulans conidia and observation of fluorescence vibrational structure at room temperature - Texas A&M University (TAMU) Scholar profile, educations, publications, research, recent courses, and student works

Molecular cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of two Aspergillus nidulans xylanase genes.: Two Aspergillus nidulans genes, xlnA and xlnB, encodin

a haploid strain of the aspergillus nidulans carried the auxotrophic met-eight mutation conferring a requirement for, Hire Biology Expert, Ask Academics Expert, Assignment Help, Homework Help, Textbooks Solutions

PLEASE HELP We are the parents of a nineteen month old Baby Boy with a life threatening disease. To our knowledge this is the first case of a fungal infection of this type known anywhere in the world. If you can provide any suggestions for helpign our little boy we would be most grateful. Infection: Aspergillus Nidulans in the Central Nervous System. The fungus surrounds the base of the brain and is present in other locations on the covering of the meninges. This was diagnosed following a biopsy taken from his lumbar region. Biopsy was taken September 13, 1996. Cause of Infection: Unknown Patients Present Condition: Beginning to show signs of Hydrocephalus. Vomiting is becoming more frequent and fevers and pain are becoming more frequent and severe. He is developing a little trouble walking. Course of Treatment: Began treatment in September on Amphotericin B and 5FC given by IV. Treatment was determined to be unsuccessful. After one month MRI showed disease had progressed. The next treatment ...

Aspergillus nidulans ATCC ® 24766™ Designation: FGSC A158 (ribo1 bi1) Application: Biomedical Research and Development Material

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It has recently been proposed that acetaldehyde is the physiological inducer of the alc gene system and hence indirectly the activator of the AlcA promoter in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we show that t...

Microbial steroid biotransformation have found wide-reaching application for the production of more precious and functionalized compounds due to their high regio-and stereoselectivity. In this study, the possibility of using filamentous fungi Aspergillus brasiliensis cells in the biotransformation of progesterone (I), a C-21 steroid hormone was studied for the first time.The fungal strain was inoculated into the transformation medium which supplemented with progesterone as a substrate. Biotransformation of this steroid for 7 days afforded 3 different hydroxylated metabolites: 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (II); 14α-hydroxyprogesterone (III) and 21-hydroxyprogesterone (IV).The metabolites were separated by thin layer chromatography. Structure determinations of the metabolites were performed by comparing NMR, MS and IR spectra of starting compound with those of metabolites.These results may be of industrial importance because the metabolites can be used as precursor of some steroid drugs.

In this paper, we characterized the Dis1/XMAP215 family protein AlpA from A. nidulans and found that it is associated with the MT plus end during mitosis and in interphase. AlpA plays a role in controlling MT dynamics and is important for the determination of growth polarity. Whereas the mechanism of MT stabilization was recently shown in S. cerevisiae (1), a role in polarized growth has not been described before. Polarized growth of filamentous fungi depends on the continuous delivery of secretory vesicles (7, 20). These vesicles provide new membranes and deliver, e.g., enzymes for cell wall biosynthesis. Because the vesicles are generated some distance away from the growing tip, they need to be transported long distances. It is assumed that MTs and conventional kinesin provide the basis for this long-distance transportation (18, 23). The first destination of the vesicles is an organelle close to the apex named the vesicle supply center or Spitzenkörper (8). The location of this organelle ...

Dear David, Ive formulated the concept of a gene module, a set of genes used by more than one step of differentiation, in: Gordon, R. (1995). The Hierarchical Genome and Differentiation Waves: Novel Unification of Development, Genetics, and Evolution (Singapore: World Scientific), in prep. Might this match your clusters? To what extent are you dealing with housekeeping genes? To what extent are they related via gene duplication? Best regards, -Dick Gordon, U.Manitoba[May19,95] On 18 May 1995, David H. Griffin wrote: , Is anyone looking at the evolution of genome organization, specifically , clustering of genes with related functions. This has been reported , frequently among fungi, but these clusters are not always universal, , for example the proline genes of Aspergillus nidulans are clustered but , those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are not. Is gene clustering of , physiologically related genes common amongst other organisms than , fungi? Any examples with references, or at least ...

THE filamentous fungi form mycelial colonies that consist of networks of branched hyphae that grow by apical extension. In the higher fungi (i.e., Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), hyphae are compartmentalized by the formation of cross-walls, or septa. It has long been suspected that the presence of septa allows filamentous fungi to partition cellular environments within a hypha to support colony homeostasis and reproductive development (Gull 1978). The process of septum formation is similar to cytokinesis of animal cells, in that it coordinated with mitosis and requires formation of a contractile actin ring (CAR) (Balasubramanian et al. 2004). By analogy to the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the CAR likely provides a landmark that guides deposition of the septal wall material. However, unlike these yeasts, the septum is not subsequently degraded and cells remain attached. Furthermore, in most filamentous fungi, a small pore is retained to enable communication ...

per liter NaNO3 6.0 gm KC1 0.52 gm MgSO4. 7H20 0.52 gm KH2PO4 1.52 gm Adjust pH to ca 6.5 (usually requires 1 ml of 1 N NaOH) (Note: If large quantities of minimal are to be used a 2OX stock solution of the above salts can be prepared.) glucose (dextrose) 10.0 gms 2 ml of Hutners trace elements For agar add 15.0 gms Difco Agar ...

Vosa\DatabaseException: We apologize for the interruption in service, but an internal error has occurred while interacting with a database. (No route to host) in /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/db.inc:133 Stack trace: #0 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/db.inc(640): Vosa\DB::get_connection() #1 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/db.inc(584): Vosa\DB::escape(16731) #2 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/db.inc(603): Vosa\DB::format_query(Array) #3 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/model.inc(90): Vosa\DB::escapef(product_id = %..., 16731) #4 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/model.inc(1194): Vosa\Model->get_pkey_cond(Array) #5 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/system/kernel/model.inc(301): Vosa\Model->load(16731, Array) #6 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/model/product.inc(94): Vosa\Model->__construct(16731, Array) #7 /www/neatorama.com/htdocs/vosa/theme/neato2/story/related.inc(27): Vosa\Product::id_to_link(16731) #8 ...

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An endo-1,5-arabinanase (abnA) encoding gene from Aspergillus niveus was identified, cloned and successfully expressed in Aspergillus nidulans strain A773. Based on amino acid sequence comparison, the 34-kDa enzyme could be assigned to CAZy GH family 43. Characterization of purified recombinant endo-1,5-arabinanase (AbnA) revealed that it is active at a wide pH range (pH 4.0-7.0) and an optimum temperature at 70 °C. The immobilization of the AbnA was performed via covalent binding onto agarose-modified supports: glyoxyl iminodiacetic acid-Ni 2+, glyoxyl amine, glyoxyl (4% and 10%) and cyanogen bromide activated sepharose. The yield of immobilization was similar on glyoxyl amine and glyoxyl (96%), and higher than glyoxyl iminodiacetic acid-Ni 2+ (43%) support. The thermal inactivation of these immobilized preparations showed that the stability of the AbnA immobilized on glyoxyl 4 and 10% was improved by 4.0 and 10.3-fold factor at 70 °C. The half-life of glyoxyl 4% derivative at 60 °C was ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Older research outputs will score higher simply because theyve had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 260,964 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 61% of its contemporaries ...

Transcription factor that mediates regulation of both acid- and alkaline-expressed genes in response to ambient pH. At alkaline ambient pH, activates transcription of alkaline-expressed genes (including RIM101 itself), mainly by repressing transcriptional repressors of those genes, and represses transcription of acid-expressed genes. Required for meiosis, sporulation and invasive growth.

We have shown that A. nidulans can distinguish between conditions of nitrogen sufficiency, nitrogen limitation, and nitrogen starvation and adjust accordingly the expression levels of nitrogen catabolic genes. These changes are AreA dependent and reflect alterations in the level and activity of AreA. Furthermore, we have shown that A. nidulans can respond to nitrogen starvation by altering the dynamics of nuclear entry and exit of AreA, using regulated nuclear exit to provide a rapid response when nutritional conditions change.. We favor a model in which, in the presence of nitrogen sources, AreA is present in the nucleus at a relatively low level due to a balance between nuclear entry and exit. When repressing metabolites are at high levels (for example, when ammonium or glutamine is the source of nitrogen), the level of transcriptionally active AreA is low due to accelerated areA mRNA turnover and NmrA inhibition of AreA activation ability (1, 32). When poorer (limiting) nitrogen sources are ...

veA+ is used to indicate the wild-type allele. Please refer to Han, et al (2010) Simple identification of veA1 mutation in Aspergillus nidulans. J Microbiol. 2010 Dec;48(6):885-7.. ...

BACKGROUND: Fungi are important players in the turnover of plant biomass because they produce a broad range of degradative enzymes. Aspergillus nidulans, a well-studied saprophyte and close homologue to industrially important species such as A. niger and A. oryzae, was selected for this study. RESULTS: A. nidulans was grown on sorghum stover under solid-state culture conditions for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 a ...

Galagan JE et al. Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Nature 438 (7071), 1105-1115 (2005 ...

PrnB, the L-proline transporter of Aspergillus nidulans, belongs to the Amino acid Polyamine Organocation (APC) transporter family conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In silico analysis and limited biochemical evidence ...

Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Aspergillus nidulans hyphae and sexual spores. A. nidulans (also known as Emericella nidulans) is a filamentous fungus that is the only member of the genus Aspergillus that forms sexual spores through meiosis (seen here in this image as large spores). A. nidulans is also a homothallic fungus, meaning it can form asexual spores by producing conidiphores that bear chains of asexual spores. A. nidulans. has been an important research organism for studying eukaryotic cell biology and has a long history of use for the study of a wide range of subjects including basic genetic problems (recombination, DNA repair, mutation), cell cycle control and pathogenesis, as well as metabolism of other Aspergillus species. A. nidulans produces the toxin, sterigmatocysin, which may lead to food contamination. Magnification: x440 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/3077

Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Aspergillus nidulans hyphae and sexual spores. A. nidulans (also known as Emericella nidulans) is a filamentous fungus that is the only member of the genus Aspergillus that forms sexual spores through meiosis (seen here in this image as large spores). A. nidulans is also a homothallic fungus, meaning it can form asexual spores by producing conidiphores that bear chains of asexual spores. A. nidulans. has been an important research organism for studying eukaryotic cell biology and has a long history of use for the study of a wide range of subjects including basic genetic problems (recombination, DNA repair, mutation), cell cycle control and pathogenesis, as well as metabolism of other Aspergillus species. produces the toxin, sterigmatocysin, which may lead to food contamination. Magnification: x440 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/3079

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Aspergillus nidulans sepA gene encodes an FH1/2 protein involved in cytokinesis and the maintenance of cellular polarity. AU - Harris, Steven D.. AU - Hamer, Lisbeth. AU - Sharpless, Kathryn E.. AU - Hamer, John E.. PY - 1997/6/16. Y1 - 1997/6/16. N2 - Cytokinesis (septation) in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans occurs through the formation of a transient actin ring at the incipient division site. Temperature-sensitive mutations in the sepA gene prevent septation and cause defects in the maintenance of cellular polarity, without affecting growth and nuclear division. The sepA gene encodes a member of the growing family of FH1/2 proteins, which appear to have roles in morphogenesis and cytokinesis in organisms such as yeast and Drosophila. Results from temperature shift and immunofluorescence microscopy experiments strongly suggest that sepA function requires a preceding mitosis and that sepA acts prior to actin ring formation. Deletion mutants of sepA exhibit ...

Yu, J.H. and T.J. Leonard. 1998. Culture conditions control expression of the genes for alfatoxin and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nidulans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2275-2277.. Yu, J.H., R. Butchko, M. Fernandes, N. Keller, T.J. Leonard, T.H. Adams. 1996. Conservation of structure and function of the aflatoxin regulatory gene aflR from Aspergillus nidulans and A. flavus. Current Genetics 29:549-555.. Brown, D.W., J.H. Yu, H.S. Kelkar, M. Fernandes, T.C. Nesbit, T.C. Keller, N.P. Adams and T.J. Leonard. 1996. Twenty-five co-regulated transcripts define a secondary metabolism gene cluster in Asperfillus nidulans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1418-1422.. Feng, G.H. and T.J. Leonard. 1995. Characterization of the polyketide synthase gene (pksLi) required for aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. J. Bact. 177: 6246-6254.. Yu, J.H. and T.J. Leonard. 1995. Sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans requires a novel type I ...

Purine hydroxylase I from Aspergillus nidulans was purified 850-fold. The purified preparations exhibited the spectral and catalytic properties, including broad specificity for oxidizing and reducing substrates, typical of molybdenum/flavin/iron-sulphur-containing hydroxylases (oxotransferases).

We present the case of a 3-year-old boy who was diagnosed with cerebral abscesses due to Aspergillus nidulans infection on day 28 of induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He responded well to treatment with voriconazole and caspofungin, making a full recovery. There are very few cases of invasive aspergillosis reported in children during induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia and A. nidulans is rare in the absence of chronic granulomatous disease.

The catabolism of glucose and xylose was studied in a wild type and creA deleted (carbon catabolite de-repressed) strain of Aspergillus nidulans. Both strains were cultivated in bioreactors with either glucose or xylose as the sole carbon source, or in the presence of both sugars. In the cultivations on single carbon sources, it was demonstrated that xylose acted as a carbon catabolite repressor (xylose cultivations), while the enzymes in the xylose utilisation pathway were also subject to repression in the presence of glucose (glucose cultivations). In the wild type strain growing on the sugar mixture, glucose repression of xylose utilisation was observed; with xylose utilisation occurring only after glucose was depleted. This phenomenon was not seen in the creA deleted strain, where glucose and xylose were catabolised simultaneously. Measurement of key metabolites and the activities of key enzymes in the xylose utilisation pathway revealed that xylose metabolism was occurring in the creA ...

Filamentous fungi play vital roles in human health, agriculture and bioprocessing. In all of these situations fungi are often exposed to nutrient limitation, which can impact their behavior. Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular process, induced under nutrient deficient conditions, which recycles internal components for cell survival. Autophagy can also be gratuitously induced in rich growth medium, using the drug rapamycin. To address our hypotheses, we have studied fungi and cell wall material properties of the model fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, under autophagic conditions. For example, it has been observed that during fungal fermentation nutrient limitation leads to a greater degree of hyphal fragmentation. We hypothesize that under nutrient deprived conditions autophagy is involved in recycling cell wall components, thereby weakening the wall and resulting in this increased degree of fragmentation. In all experiments, fungi were subjected to two media conditions - with and without rapamycin. ...

Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) used worldwide both in agriculture and private gardens. Thus, it constitutes a substantial source of environmental contaminations, especially for water and soil, and may impact a number of non-target organisms essential for ecosystem balance. The soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans has been shown to be highly affected by a commercial formulation of Roundup® (R450), containing 450 g/L of glyphosate (GLY), at doses far below recommended agricultural application rate. In the present study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined to mass spectrometry to analyze proteomic pattern changes in A. nidulans exposed to R450 at a dose corresponding to the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for macroscopic parameters (31.5 mg/L GLY among adjuvants). Comparative analysis revealed a total of 82 differentially expressed proteins between control and R450-treated samples, and 85% of them (70) were unambiguously identified. Their ...

The complete sequencing of genomes of several Aspergillus species, including A. nidulans, revealed that these fungal species have a potential to produce a surprising large range of natural products. The discovery of new natural products and their biosynthetic pathway in A. nidulans has been facilitated by a rapid gene modification technique by which the replacement of targeted genes, can be achieved within a few days instead of months. The natural products emericellamides A, C-F, a family of cyclic polyketide/nonribosomal peptides, biosynthesized by the mixed PKS/NRPS cluster (AN2544-AN2547), have been identified with the application of this rapid method. Once the emericellamide gene cluster was successfully elucidated, it was undertaken to determine the genes responsible for the biosynthetic pathway of two terpenes, austinol and dehydroaustinol, in the same species. Although the preliminary data showed that the four putative terpene cyclase genes that were studied are not responsible for the ...

2005. The Aspergillus nidulans phytochrome FphA represses sexual development in red light. Curr. Biol. 15:1833-1838. Casselton, L. A. 2002. Mate recognition in fungi. Heredity 88:142- 147. , J. P. Debeaupuis, J. Sarfati, J. Lortholary, P. Ribaud, P. Shah, M. Cornet, H. V. Thien, E. Gluckman, G. Bru ¨cker, and J. P. Latge´. 1998. Molecular typing of environmental and patient isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from various hospital settings. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:1494-1500. Debeaupuis, J. , J. Sarfati, V. Momany, T. Tanaka, T. Kumagai, K. Asai, M. Machida, W. C. Nierman, D. W. Denning, M. Caddick, M. Hynes, M. Paoletti, R. Fischer, B. Miller, P. Dyer, M. S. Sachs, S. A. Osmani, and B. W. Birren. 2005. Sequencing and comparative analysis of Aspergillus nidulans. Nature 438:1105-1115. , M. Christensen, A. H. Onions, J. I. Pitt, and R. A. Samson. 1985. Infrageneric taxa of Aspergillus, p. 55-62. In R. A. Samson and J. I. ), Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics. Plenum Press, New ...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fast-track mechanism that allows genetically unrelated organisms to exchange genes for rapid environmental adaptation. We developed a new phyletic distribution-based software, HGT-Finder, which implements a novel bioinformatics algorithm to calculate a horizontal transfer index and a probability value for each query gene. Applying this new tool to the Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus nidulans genomes, we found 273, 542, and 715 transferred genes (HTGs), respectively. HTGs have shorter length, higher guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and relaxed selection pressure. Metabolic process and secondary metabolism functions are significantly enriched in HTGs. Gene clustering analysis showed that 61%, 41% and 74% of HTGs in the three genomes form physically linked gene clusters (HTGCs). Overlapping manually curated, secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs) with HTGCs found that 9 of the 33 A. fumigatus SMGCs and 31 of the 65 A. nidulans SMGCs share

Soil-dwelling fungal species possess the versatile metabolic capability to degrade complex organic compounds that are toxic to humans, yet the mechanisms they employ remain largely unknown. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a pervasive carcinogenic contaminant, posing a significant concern for human health. Here, we report that several Aspergillus species are capable of degrading BaP. Exposing Aspergillus nidulans cells to BaP results in transcriptomic and metabolic changes associated with cellular growth and energy generation, implying that the fungus utilizes BaP as a growth substrate. Importantly, we identify and characterize the conserved bapA gene encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that is necessary for the metabolic utilization of BaP in Aspergillus. We further demonstrate that the fungal NF-kappa B-type velvet regulators VeA and VelB are required for proper expression of bapA in response to nutrient limitation and BaP degradation in A. nidulans. Our study illuminates fundamental knowledge of ...

Members of the septin gene family are highly homologous and have been found in several species of fungi and animals where they play critical roles in cytokinesis and cell surface organization (reviewed by Field and Kellogg 1999). Interestingly, septins have not been reported in algae or land plants. It seems most likely that septins arose in a common ancestor of fungi and animals after divergence of the green plants (Wainrightet al. 1993). It is also possible that septins arose in an earlier common ancestor shared by green plants, fungi, and animals and were later lost in the green plant lineage by nonorthologous gene displacement or lineage-specific gene loss. Regardless of the evolutionary path, it is not surprising that septins are present in animals and fungi and absent in plants in view of the major differences in division mechanisms. Animal and fungal cells divide centripetally; that is, the division furrow progresses from the cortex to the interior. Plant cells, however, divide ...

Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera. The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to keep Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. In this paper, we present the arguments for this decision. We introduce new combinations for accepted species presently lacking an Aspergillus name and ...

The Outcomes and Evidence-based Practice Committee (OEBPC) will facilitate the efforts of APSA members either individually or as an organization to develop clinical outcomes data and evidence-based recommendations relevant to the practice of pediatric surgery. At the request of the APSA membership and/or the BOG of APSA, the OEBPC will serve to identify important areas of clinical guidelines and research in order to formulate and disseminate appropriate recommendations to assist APSA members in their practices. The OEBPC will be a central resource for APSA members to help promote clinical and outcomes research in pediatric surgery. The OEBPC will work collaboratively with other existing APSA committees to identify and address educational and/or programmatic needs and opportunities for the APSA membership as they relate to clinical outcomes. At the request of the APSA membership and/or the BOG of APSA, the OCT Committee will serve to identify important areas of clinical guidelines and research in ...

Sexual spore definition is - a spore formed as a result of conjugation of gametes or nuclei (such as zygospore, ascospore, basidiospore) of opposite sex.

In response to changes in ambient pH the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans differentially expresses a number of genes. The response to pH affects morphological differentiation and virulence. The pathway controlling the pH response terminates in the zinc-finger containing transcription factor encoded by RIM101/PRR2. By analogy to the pH response pathway of Aspergillus nidulans, PRR1 of C. albicans encodes a protein that is presumably required to convert Rim101p from an inactive to an active form by proteolytic removal of a C-terminal peptide. A prr1Delta mutant is compromised in its ability to differentiate into the filamentous form. Spontaneous phenotypic revertants of a prr1Delta mutant were selected by their ability to form filamentous colonies. These mutants were also found to be defective in pH-dependent gene expression. Each of the eight mutants examined contained a heterozygous dominant mutation at the RIM101 locus. This was demonstrated genetically in all of the mutants, and ...

S cerevisiae SST2 protein: a regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS); promotes recovery after pheromone-induced growth arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; has 30% amino acid sequence identity with Aspergillus nidulans flbA protein

Viral DNA-binding proteins have served as good models to study the biochemistry of transcription regulation and chromatin dynamics. Computational analysis of viral DNA-binding regulatory proteins and identification of their previously undetected homologs encoded by cellular genomes might lead to a better understanding of their function and evolution in both viral and cellular systems. The phyletic range and the conserved DNA-binding domains of the viral regulatory proteins of the poxvirus D6R/N1R and baculoviral Bro protein families have not been previously defined. Using computational analysis, we show that the amino-terminal module of the D6R/N1R proteins defines a novel, conserved DNA-binding domain (the KilA-N domain) that is found in a wide range of proteins of large bacterial and eukaryotic DNA viruses. The KilA-N domain is suggested to be homologous to the fungal DNA-binding APSES domain. We provide evidence for the KilA-N and APSES domains sharing a common fold with the nucleic acid-binding

1. The strict photoautotrophic blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, has a high requirement for manganese; its absence from the culture medium causes significant changes in the morphology and the...

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a mechanism by which micro-organisms preferentially utilize more easily metabolizable carbon sources in comparison to less easily metabolizable carbon sources. It prevents the organisms from unnecessary expenditure of energy and enables them to exploit the nutrients in appropriate manner. It represents a complex system of gene regulation. The main aim of this study was to study the intracellular localization of proteins involved in CCR including CreA, CreB, CreC and CreD in A. nidulans in repressing and derepressing conditions. The major regulatory protein involved in CCR in A. nidulans is CreA. It is a DNA-binding repressor, but very little is known about the molecular events that allow CreA function to result in appropriate regulation in response to carbon source. To determine the amount and localization of CreA in different carbon sources, strains were made over-expressing GFP and HA tagged CreA. Western analysis showed that high levels of full length ...

mycelium thin, dense, white. Appressoria indistinct, sometimes nipple-shaped, never lobed. Conidia in rather long chains, without fibrosin bodies. Foot-cell of conidiophore straight, 70-130 µm long, followed by 1-2 shorter cells. Cleistothecia unknown. ...

Digital Morphology account of the razorbill, Alca torda, featuring CT-generated animations of the skull and expert commentary by Dr. N. Adam Smith

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ANCF - Adjusted Net Cash Flow. Looking for abbreviations of ANCF? It is Adjusted Net Cash Flow. Adjusted Net Cash Flow listed as ANCF

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Acest hub RGB de la Delock poate fi conectat la o placă de bază cu conector RGB 5 V adresabil pentru a extinde iluminarea LED internă. Astfel, pe un conector ARGB sunt disponibile până la 10 porturi pentru iluminare individuală. Cei doi magneți din partea de jos oferă o opțiune bună de montare în carcasa computerului.. ...

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