BACKGROUND: Some studies have hypothesized the protective role of Vitamin C against cardiovascular disorders (CVD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study was designed to assess plasma Vitamin C concentration and its relationship to hemodialysis (HD) patients morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Plasma Vitamin C concentrations were assessed in HD patients using spectrophotometry and subjects were prospectively followed for up eighteen months for all-cause mortality. Any association between Vitamin C concentration and patients demographic data, co-morbidities, or the cause of ESRD were investigated using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients with a mean age of 56.7 ? 15.7 years were included in this study. The most frequent cause of ESRD was simultaneous hypertension and diabetes in 30 % of patients, followed by hypertension in 25.6 %, and diabetes in 11.1 %, respectively. About 34 % of patients had CVD as the most prevalent co-morbidity. Forty-nine patients (53.8 ...

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective cohort study to examine the relationship between serum vitamin C concentration and the incidence of stroke. Compared with previous cohort studies based on mortality data,6 10 our study based on incidence data may have some advantages, such as the relatively accurate diagnosis of disease outcomes and the inclusion of nonfatal cases. Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely associated with the subsequent incidence of all stroke during the 20-year observation period. Although a previous study that examined the association between plasma vitamin C concentration and stroke mortality6 had a potential weakness that arose from generally known inaccuracies in death certification, particularly in elderly people,6 our similar results based on incidence data would support their findings and emphasize the importance of the serum (or plasma) vitamin C concentration in predicting the occurrence of stroke.. Most interestingly, an inverse association ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation level on productivity, mortality, and carcass characteristics of Venda chickens. AU - Malebane, Ingrid M.. AU - Ngambi, Jones Wilfred. AU - Norris, David. AU - Mbajiorgu, Christian. PY - 2010/12/1. Y1 - 2010/12/1. N2 - Two experiments were carried out to determine the effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation levels on productivity, carcass characteristics, and mortality of indigenous Venda chickens. The first experiment determined the effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation levels on productivity and mortality rate of 175 unsexed Venda chickens between 1 and 6 weeks old. The second experiment determined the effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation levels on productivity, carcass characteristics, and mortality rate of 140 female Venda chickens between 8 and 13 weeks old. A completely randomized design was used in both experiments. Supplementation of grower diets with ascorbic acid ranged from 0 to 2,000 mg per ...

Porphyria cutanea tarda (POT), the most common form of porphyria, is manifested as skin photosensitivity caused by excess hepatic production of uroporphyrin and heptacarboxylporphyrin. In experimental animal models, ascorbic acid modulates chemically induced uroporphyrin accumulation, The purpose of this study was to determine whether ascorbic acid is decreased in the plasma of patients with PCT. Plasma was obtained after an overnight fast from 21 PCT patients, 16 of whom were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and from a separate group of 9 patients with HCV infection but not PCT, Thirteen PCT patients were studied when they had active disease and 8 after treatment-induced remission. Plasma ascorbic acid was low (less than 23 mu mol/L) in 11 (85%) of the 13 untreated PCT patients and deficient (less than 11 mu mol/L) in 8 (62%), Two patients with normal ascorbic acid levels (45 and 62 mu mmol/L) had consumed multivitamins. In 2 patients with deficient ascorbic acid, plasma levels returned ...

The vitamin C deficiency disease scurvy is characterised by musculoskeletal pain and recent epidemiological evidence has indicated an association between suboptimal vitamin C status and spinal pain. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin C administration can exhibit analgesic properties in some clinical conditions. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency is high in various patient groups, such as surgical/trauma, infectious diseases and cancer patients. A number of recent clinical studies have shown that vitamin C administration to patients with chronic regional pain syndrome decreases their symptoms. Acute herpetic and post-herpetic neuralgia is also diminished with high dose vitamin C administration. Furthermore, cancer-related pain is decreased with high dose vitamin C, contributing to enhanced patient quality of life. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for vitamin Cs analgesic properties. Herein we propose a novel analgesic mechanism for vitamin C; as

The Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study is a population study designed to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and related outcomes in men from eastern Finland.18 The baseline examinations were carried out between March 1984 and December 1989. The study sample included 3235 eligible men aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 at the baseline examination; 2682 (82.9%) participated. Men with symptomatic coronary heart disease (n = 92) or ischaemia on maximal exercise testing (n = 359),19 or both (n = 585), were excluded from the current analyses. Of the remaining 1646 men, 1605 had data on plasma ascorbate concentration at baseline.. The examination protocol and measurements have been described.10 11 12 13 Plasma ascorbate concentrations were determined by a chromatographic method in deep frozen samples, which were stabilised in 5% metaphosphoric acid immediately after sampling.20 The coefficient of variation between 12 batches was 7.2%.20. Plasma ascorbate ...

Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy):. Signs of scurvy include drooling, weight loss, hair loss or reluctance to move due to painful joints. Therapy is mainly Vitamin C supplementation. Correction of the diet to include daily Vitamin C sources is necessary. Supportive care (fluids, antibiotics, etc) may be needed in very ill patients. This is a common and preventable disease in this species.. → Dental Diseases:. Guinea pigs have constantly growing teeth, and may develop overgrown front teeth (incisors) or back teeth (molars) for a variety of reasons. Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) can cause TMJ pain and lead to tooth overgrowth. Incisor overgrowth may be visible as long tusk-like projections from the mouth. Molar overgrowth (or molar infections) may cause drooling, chin staining, foul odor, and difficulty eating. Treatment of tooth problems often involves trimming the overgrown teeth back to normal length, extracting any infected teeth, correcting any other illness which may be contributing to the ...

Background: Reactive Oxygen species induced bronchial abnormalities may have important consequences in asthma, the main symptom being wheezing specially in children. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant known to quench the reactive oxygen species. A beneficial effect of fresh fruit consumption on lung function has been observed in several studies. Plasma levels Vitamin C was determined in relation to wheezing symptoms in cross sectional study. Methods: In a cross sectional blood samples of 50 patients attending pediatrics OPD, having wheezing and shortness of breath were analyzed for plasma Ascorbic acid level and compared with healthy controls of same age and sex. Results: The total number of 50 wheezing children were in the age group of 2 to 12 years with similar age matched controls. It was observed that the plasma ascorbic acid concentration in the wheezing children (0.43 - 0.12 mg/dl) was significantly decreased as compared to the normal controls ( 0.75 - 0.18 mg/dl ) P, 0.001. The highly ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with haematological malignancies are often vitamin C deficient, and vitamin C is essential for the TET-induced conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the first step in active DNA demethylation. Here, we investigate whether oral vitamin C supplementation can correct vitamin C deficiency and affect the 5hmC/5mC ratio in patients with myeloid cancers treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis).. RESULTS: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial (NCT02877277) in Danish patients with myeloid cancers performed during 3 cycles of DNMTi-treatment (5-azacytidine, 100 mg/m2/d for 5 days in 28-day cycles) supplemented by oral dose of 500 mg vitamin C (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) daily during the last 2 cycles. Fourteen patients (70%) were deficient in plasma vitamin C (, 23 μM) and four of the remaining six patients were taking vitamin supplements at inclusion. Global DNA methylation was significantly higher ...

Large cross-sectional population studies confirm that vitamin C deficiency is common in humans, affecting 5%-10% of adults in the industrialized world. Moreover, significant associations between poor vitamin C status and increased morbidity and mortality have consistently been observed. However, the absorption, distribution and elimination kinetics of vitamin C in vivo are highly complex, due to dose-dependent non-linearity, and the specific regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Particularly, little is known about how adaptive mechanisms during states of deficiency affect the overall regulation of vitamin C transport in the body. This review discusses mechanisms of vitamin C transport and potential means of regulation with special emphasis on capacity and functional properties, such as differences in the Km of vitamin C transporters in different target tissues, in some instances demonstrating a tissue-specific distribution.

article{141703, author = {Langlois, Michel and Duprez, Daniel and Delanghe, Joris and De Buyzere, Marc and Clement, Denis}, issn = {0009-7322}, journal = {CIRCULATION}, language = {eng}, number = {14}, pages = {1863--1868}, title = {Serum vitamin C concentration is low in peripheral arterial disease and is associated with inflammation and severity of atherosclerosis (with comment: Vitamin C depletion linked to inflammation in peripheral artery disease. M. Larkin Lancet, 357, 2001, 1184).}, volume = {103}, year = {2001 ...

The criterion for the diagnosis of scurvy had been, until recently, the appearance of the symptoms of scurvy. As a result of the experimental work in vitamin C, three new diagnostic procedures have now come into use: the capillary resistance test, the concentration of vitamin C in the blood and the urinary excretion of vitamin C.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 There is still some controversy as to the value of capillary resistance tests as an index of vitamin C deficiency. We have studied the capillary resistance of 25 young normal adults by the Dalldorf method5 and found no definite relation ...

Read article on the website of the Natural Health Research Institute (USA). Comment: Vitamin C is the key micronutrient for the stability of blood vessels, the heart and all other organs in our bodies. Without it, our bodies would literally collapse and dissolve just as happens in the vitamin C deficiency disease, scurvy. Significantly therefore, sub-clinical deficiencies of vitamin C are far more common than is generally realized. Even based upon the miniscule intakes that are naively assumed to be sufficient by the medical orthodoxy, as many as one in seven young Canadian adults and up to three quarters of elderly people in parts of India are believed to be deficient in this crucial micronutrient. Worse still, even outright scurvy now appears to be no longer confined to the history books, with cases in children being known to have risen in England between 2004 and 2008. To learn about Dr. Rath s discovery revealing that coronary heart disease is an early form of scurvy, click here.. June 18, ...

Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with

Vitamins DO NOT make a person more energetic. The claims that manufacturers put on the vitamin labels are NOT regulated by the FDA so they can essentially say what they want. Only the Federal Trade Commission can stop a manufacturer from making false claims, but they rarely do it. The only disease a vitamin will cure is one that is caused by a deficiency of the vitamin. For example, if a person has scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) then the scurvy will be cured by taking Vitamin C supplements. If a person has Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B12 deficiency) then taking Vitamin B12 supplements will cure it. They only way to increase a persons energy level is to (1) get proper sleep, (2) eat properly, (3) have your MD check thyroid function tests and probably a Complete Blood Count to check for anemia. Any slight variation in the Thyroid panels can produce fatigue. That may be why you are so tired. Roxanne M. Villanueva RD, LD, CPT Registered and Licensed Dietitian Minimed Certified Insulin Pump ...

Tamarind is rich in Vitamin C content which plays the role of a major vitamin in the body. Deficiency of vitamin C can give rise to several disorders including scurvy, gingivitis, connective tissue defects and many others. Vitamin C deficiency has also been linked with depression and fatigue. The high percentage of vitamin C available in tamarind not only provides protection from all these conditions but also helps in curing these conditions. So, if you think that your diet does not include sufficient vitamin C, using tamarind extract in your daily cooking can be the right way to fill in your daily vitamin C requirements.. ...

Dr Archie Kalokerinos has done far and away the most important practical work in this area and Glen Dettman, PhD, in their work with aboriginal children in Australia, described in the book Every Second Child. Aboriginal infant death rates had shown a dramatic increase in the early 1970s, having doubled in 1970 and gone even higher in 1971. In some areas of the Northern Territory the infant death rate was reaching 50 out of every 100 babies. Dr Kalokerinos proved that the cause of death was what is called immunological shock, or paralysis resulting from nutritional-immunological interactions; in this particular event it was Vitamin C deficiency. He says: I have no doubt that some so-called cot deaths are in fact acute vitamin C deficiencies, and that these occur even if the diet is adequate….. and their response to vaccines against infections is not always good. First, there is an increased utilisation of vitamin C, and this, particularly when associated with dietary deficiency or failure ...

Anemia reversed Anemia is a symptom caused by a myriad of conditions. These conditions include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin E deficiency, supplement B6 deficiency, and thyroid disorders, for openers. Because the most common and significant forms of anemia are linked to diet, it is this certain region that I will address sensitive . A lot of people equate anemia with iron deficiency as evidenced and motivated by commercials for products like Geritol, which extol the virtues of it and presenting it as a cure-all for any condition that creates tiredness. While iron deficiency is fairly common for women in childbearing years due to frequent loss of iron-comprising hemoglobin in the menstrual stream, it is less likely to be the cause of anemia in older people who are the primary targets for these advertisements. In fact, due to years of consuming extra iron in supplement form, many elderly persons develop serious iron excesses, because intense iron overdose ...

The test will provide you with a personalized nutrition profile containing detailed information on the nutrients you need to stay healthy. For example, people who have a certain variant of the GSTT1 gene will be required to take vitamin C in amounts exceeding the RDA because of their genetic predisposition to vitamin C deficiency. Similarly, if you are lactose intolerant, the report will contain recommendations regarding the foods that you should or should not take to avoid the symptoms of diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain, etc.. ...

K. M. Lebold, ,, Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, ,, Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, Löhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, Löhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, öhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382 - 389, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, öhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382 - 389, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, Löhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, Löhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, Löhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior., Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382-9, 2013. ...

K. M. Lebold, öhr, C. V., Barton, C. L., Miller, G. W., Labut, E. M., Tanguay, R. L., and Traber, M. G., Chronic vitamin E deficiency promotes vitamin C deficiency in zebrafish leading to degenerative myopathy and impaired swimming behavior, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 382 - 389, 2013. ...

said he and his colorful drawings, and after pregnancy. One of the symptoms are growing sirous of the liver bible in the bile--backs up in the gallbladder disorder. This is essentially, 3/4 can coconut milk and involve the removal of this problem. Thousands of gallstones that are consider when evaluating why you must exercise for at least five days, the doctor when using ultrasounds. The gallbladder procedure and delivers when one consumes a fatty meal, and at the idea is part of the main bile ductThe recovery time is the pain with a step by step cure can be cured. Nick memorized the entire next week, start common bile duct anatomy eating and juicing. Dr Picco recommends supplement vitamin C deficiency are prone to gallstones. The recovery phase to relieve the spot on the liver excretes possibility of signs which may also move to the pain. Your doctor will frequent challenges that can help you while you suffer from colon and sharp pain and it is removed. Gallbladder to drift upwards towards your ...

Plasma vitamin C level may be a marker of other factors; nevertheless these results are consistent with other published work indicating that a high intake of vitamin C from food raises serum HDL cholesterol and lowers serum triglyceride.

Vitamin C is water-soluble, and probably the most famous of all the vitamins. Even before its discovery in 1932, physicians recognised that there must be a compound in citrus fruits preventing scurvy, a disease that killed as many as 2 million sailors between 1500 and 1800. Later researchers discovered that man, other primates and the guinea pig depend on external sources to cover their Vitamin C requirements. Most other animals are able to synthesise Vitamin C from glucose and galactose in their body. The most prominent role of Vitamin C is its immune stimulating effect, which is important for the defence against infections such as common colds. It also acts as an inhibitor of histamine, a compound that is released during allergic reactions. As a powerful antioxidant it can neutralise harmful free radicals and aids in neutralising pollutants and toxins. Thus it is able to prevent the formation of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines in the stomach (due to consumption of nitrite-containing ...

The relatively common condition known as premature rupture of the chorioamniotic membranes (PROM) may result in premature delivery and infection. Earlier studies have found that vitamin C plays an important role in maintaining the collagen in the membrane throughout gestation but it is not stored well by the body, which excretes whatever it does not need on a daily basis.. The researchers, led by Esther Casanueva, set out to determine the effectiveness of a daily 100mg dose in preventing PROM.. In the controlled double-blind trial, 120 women in their 20th week of pregnancy were randomly assigned to two groups; one group received 100mg of vitamin C each day and the other received a placebo.. The womens plasma and leukocyte vitamin C concentrations were measured every fourth week and the results published in the April issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition​ (81, 4: 859-863).. They showed that mean plasma vitamin C concentrations decreased as pregnancy progressed in all of the 109 ...

Agreement among three indicators of vitamin C status-serum ascorbate level, a 24-hour recall, and the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption-was examined using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1976 and 1980. Agreement between pairs of these indicators was good when assessed at the...

Investigation into the role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia and sepsis has been underway for many decades. This research has laid a strong foundation for translation of these findings into patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Research has indicated that patients with pneumonia and sepsis have low vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress. Administration of vitamin C to patients with pneumonia can decrease the severity and duration of the disease. Critically ill patients with sepsis require intravenous administration of gram amounts of the vitamin to normalize plasma levels, an intervention that some studies suggest reduces mortality. The vitamin has pleiotropic physiological functions, many of which are relevant to COVID-19. These include its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and immuno-modulatory functions. Preliminary observational studies indicate low vitamin C status in critically ill patients with COVID-19. There are currently a ...

A 1707 handwritten book by Mrs. Ebot Mitchell, discovered in a house in Hasfield, Gloucestershire, contains a Recp.t for the Scurvy that consisted of extracts from various plants mixed with a plentiful supply of orange juice, white wine or beer.[40]. In 1734, the Leiden-based physician Johann Bachstrom published a book on scurvy in which he stated, scurvy is solely owing to a total abstinence from fresh vegetable food, and greens; which is alone the primary cause of the disease, and urged the use of fresh fruit and vegetables as a cure.[41][42][43]. However, it was not until 1747 that James Lind formally demonstrated that scurvy could be treated by supplementing the diet with citrus fruit, in one of the first controlled clinical experiments reported in the history of medicine.[44][45] As a naval surgeon on HMS Salisbury, Lind had compared several suggested scurvy cures: hard cider, vitriol, vinegar, seawater, oranges, lemons, and a mixture of balsam of Peru, garlic, myrrh, mustard seed and ...

A 1707 handwritten book by Mrs. Ebot Mitchell, discovered in a house in Hasfield, Gloucestershire, contains a Recp.t for the Scurvy that consisted of extracts from various plants mixed with a plentiful supply of orange juice, white wine or beer.[40] In 1734, the Leiden-based physician Johann Bachstrom published a book on scurvy in which he stated, scurvy is solely owing to a total abstinence from fresh vegetable food, and greens; which is alone the primary cause of the disease, and urged the use of fresh fruit and vegetables as a cure.[41][42][43] However, it was not until 1747 that James Lind formally demonstrated that scurvy could be treated by supplementing the diet with citrus fruit, in one of the first controlled clinical experiments reported in the history of medicine.[44][45] As a naval surgeon on HMS Salisbury, Lind had compared several suggested scurvy cures: hard cider, vitriol, vinegar, seawater, oranges, lemons, and a mixture of balsam of Peru, garlic, myrrh, mustard seed and ...

The great challenge in innovation is not coming up with a discovery or great invention. The challenge is in making it stick, in nurturing it and growing it so that it spreads and changes the world. Numerous antibodies and barriers are ready to snuff out every great idea, even when it offers a solution that the world is clamoring for. The story of scurvy in the British Navy, as shared in Chapter 10 of Conquering Innovation Fatigue, illustrates this principle.. Scurvy cost the lives of thousands of sailors and soldiers around the world for centuries. For the British Navy, that disease was one of the greatest challenges it faced. On long voyages, 30% or more of the crew might die from scurvy. Through confusion and error among Englands educated elite regarding scurvy, misinformation about its cause and its cure would persist into the 20th century. However, there was credible medical information in the early 1600s pointing to citrus fruits as a key aid in preventing and curing the disease. [See ...

Research from the University of Cophenhagen has also shown that vitamin C intake influences heart disease risk. Utilizing data from 100,000 Danes, scientists found that high vitamin C concentrations in the blood were associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and early death. But this benefit was specifically associated with people who had high blood levels of vitamin C from consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables.. Camilla Kobylecki, a medical doctor and Ph.D. student at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, commented on the studys findings and stated, We can see that those with the highest intake of fruit and vegetables have a 15 percent lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease and a 20 percent lower risk of early death compared with those who very rarely eat fruit and vegetables. At the same time, we can see that the reduced risk is related to high vitamin C concentrations in the blood from the fruit and vegetables.. The group of ...

Health,If Vitamin C levels are low in the body and you are on a dieting cours...If there is far too less vitamin C in the blood stream it could c...,Vital,Facts,of,Short,Term,Diets,-,Catch,The,Vitamin,Behind,An,Ample,Waist!,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news

Antioxidant, Antiviral Helps manage the symptoms of stress Supports the immune response and upper respiratory tract rovides support for allergies Helps manage the symptoms of stress DescriptionVitamin C Ascorbic Acid is a Natural Antiviral, Immune Booster, Infection-Fighter Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin that is

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between plasma vitamin C, self-reported diabetes, and HbA1c. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from a population-based study of diet, cancer, and chronic disease were analyzed. A total of 2,898 men and 3,560 women 45-74 years of age who were registered with general practices in Norfolk, U.K., were recruited to the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer-Norfolk study between 1995 and 1998. RESULTS: Mean plasma vitamin C levels were significantly higher in individuals with HbA1c levels , 7% than in those with self-reported diabetes or prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia (HbA1c , or = 7%). An inverse gradient of mean plasma vitamin C was found in both sexes across quintiles of HbA1c distribution , 7%. The odds ratio (95% CI) of having prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia per 20 micromol/l (or 1 SD) increase in plasma vitamin C was 0.70 (0.52-0.95) (adjusted for sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, tertiary education, any use of dietary ...

Serum Vitamin C 10% Hi Derm mudah meresap ke dalam kulit, sehingga mampu membantu mencerahkan kulit wajah dengan aman dan nyaman tanpa takut terjadi iritasi

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between plasma vitamin C, self-reported diabetes, and HbA1c. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from a population-based study of diet, cancer, and chronic disease were analyzed. A total of 2,898 men and 3,560 women 45-74 years of age who were registered with general practices in Norfolk, U.K., were recruited to the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer-Norfolk study between 1995 and 1998. RESULTS: Mean plasma vitamin C levels were significantly higher in individuals with HbA1c levels , 7% than in those with self-reported diabetes or prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia (HbA1c , or = 7%). An inverse gradient of mean plasma vitamin C was found in both sexes across quintiles of HbA1c distribution , 7%. The odds ratio (95% CI) of having prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia per 20 micromol/l (or 1 SD) increase in plasma vitamin C was 0.70 (0.52-0.95) (adjusted for sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, tertiary education, any use of dietary ...

We studied the influence of ascorbate (vitamin C) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of pigs with hereditary deficiency in ascorbate synthesis. Groups of animals were depleted of, or supplemented with dietary ascorbate for up to 5 weeks. B lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets differed in t …

Atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing, hardening and thickening of the arteries. A layer of endothelial cells keeps the smooth and elastic lining of the artery walls. This allows the blood to flow throughout the body. A few factors can damage the endothelial layer, such as high levels of homocysteine, platelet cells and free radicals from antioxidant deficiency or toxic substances. Moreover, high levels of homocysteine and a lack of vitamin C may damage the degradation of ground substance. This gel-like substance maintains the integrity of the epithelial barrier.. Atheroma, or fatty material, starts to accumulate in the artery lining walls. As it is a foreign material, it leads to body inflammation. The arteries try to eliminate the inflammation by repairing the tissues, thus creating a seal of fibrous material over the core. This forms plague that is made from fatty material, calcium, toxic metals, cholesterol, fibrin, cellular waste and the fibrous tissue around it. As more fatty material ...

The present study reports the effects of an ascorbic acid-deficient diet on liver and plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity. The activity of this enzyme decreased significantly in the plasma and liver subcellular fractions. The levels of plasma corticosterone were also significantly elevated in scurvy. The results are discussed in light of these observations ...

The present study evaluates the effect of dietary ascorbic acid and chromium (AACr) on performance and microflora balance of broiler reared under thermoneutral conditions (TN) vs. high heat stress (HS). Two experiments were conducted on 112 Cobb 500 broilers, assigned in two experimental groups (28 chickens/group) and housed in an environmental controlled hall. Two groups (C-TN and AACr-TN) were kept in thermoneutral conditions. In the second experiment, other two groups were kept (C-HS and AACr-HS) in high heat stress (32° C). The structure of diets was the same in both experiments. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet included the addition of a premix with 25 g ascorbic acid / kg premix + 20 mg chromium picolinate/ kg premix (AACr). At the end of the experiment, 8 broilers / group were slaughtered and samples of intestinal and caecal content were collected for bacteriological assessment. Dietary AACr did not affect (p,0.05) body weight, daily feed intake, feed conversion ...

A 20-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital 6 months ago following a motorcycle accident resulting in a severe closed head injury. The man has experienced recurrent fungal skin infections resistant to treatment for 1 month and severe vomiting over the last 2 days. Review of the patients records shows he was well before the injury. He now suffers severe permanent cognitive impairment and requires continuous high-dose phenytoin therapy to manage chronic debilitating tonic-clonic seizures. The patient is resting comfortably in no apparent distress. He is unable to converse coherently. Vital signs are normal. Physical exam is striking for nearly total alopecia. A periorofacial erythematous macular rash is present along with severe seborrheic dermatitis and several truncal ringlike lesions consistent with tinea corpus infection. Select the most likely vitamin deficiency. Answer Choices A. Vitamin A deficiency B. Vitamin B12 deficiency C. Vitamin C deficiency D. Vitamin D deficiency E. ...

Dr. Rath was born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1955. After finishing medical school he served as a doctor and researcher at the University Clinic in Hamburg, Germany and the German Heart Center in Berlin.. His examination centered on the problems of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular illness.. In 1987, he found the link between vitamin C deficiency and a further risk factor for heart condition- lipoprotein(a).. Following discovery of these study verdicts in the American Heart Association journal Arteriosclerosis, Dr. Rath received an offer to join in 2 time Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling.. In 1990 she went to the USA to become the leading Director of Cardiovascular Research at the Linus Pauling Institute in Californa.. Dr. Rath worked alonfsite with the late Nobel Laureate in many fields of nutritional science.. The two experts became close friends who shared common values, including their decision for unity and fairness. In 1994, soon before his departure, Linus Pauling stated: There is no doubt ...

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Open peer review is a system where authors know who the reviewers are, and the reviewers know who the authors are. If the manuscript is accepted, the named reviewer reports are published alongside the article. Pre-publication versions of the article and author comments to reviewers are available by contacting [email protected]. All previous versions of the manuscript and all author responses to the reviewers are also available.. You can find further information about the peer review system here.. ...

Physical symptoms of fatty acid deficiency unreliable in ADHD, Sinn N, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007 Aug;77(2):109-15. Details. Two studies were conducted to determine whether physical signs of fatty acid deficiencies such as dry hair and skin, frequent thirst and urination were a good indicator of whether fatty acid supplementation could potentially improve ADHD symptoms in children both with ADHD and those without the disorder. It was found that the physical symptoms of deficiency did not reliably predict which children would have behavioural benefits from supplementation.. Sinn N. Physical fatty acid deficiency signs in children with ADHD symptoms. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007 Aug;77(2):109-15. Click here for the abstract. ...

Scurvy. Unlike most animals, humans are unable to make their own Vitamin C, and so they must get all the Vitamin C they need from the food they eat. Vitamin C is found in fresh fruits and vegetables, with small amounts present in milk, meat and fish, but cooking food will destroy a large percentage of the Vitamin C it contains. People who do not eat enough Vitamin C for prolonged periods will develop scurvy. This is a condition famously associated with historical long sea voyages, where the sailors relied on eating preserved foods and didnt have access to fresh fruits and vegetables. At the time, the cause of their symptoms was unknown - it wasnt until James Lind carried out his experiments in the mid eighteenth century that it was proved that scurvy could be cured with the juice of citrus fruits. Even then, it took a long time before his results were accepted.. Vitamin C is necessary for the body to make collagen, which is an essential part of many of the bodys tissues, including bones, ...

Moreover, vitamin C should be given by injection whenever convulsions or other untoward events occur within a day or two after vaccination or inoculation.[1] Why not try Clemetsons suggestions - out of curiosity? ----Michael D Innis, [2008] Rapid Responses to Does cot death still exist? If the Vitamin C status of an infant is borderline, the administration of a vaccine, particularly (but not only) pertussis vaccine, can result in endotoxaemia. This results in a severe reaction to the vaccine, a tremendous increase in the need for Vitamin C, and the precipitation of some of the signs and/or symptoms of acute scurvy. The onset of this may be so rapid that the classical signs of scurvy may be absent. Sudden death, sudden unconsciousness, sudden shock or sudden spontaneous bruising and haemorrhage (including brain and retinal haemorrhages) may occur. Haemorrhage and bruising in such cases can be wrongly attributed to the battered baby syndrome .--Dr Kalokerinos MD (Medical Pioneer of the 20th ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Impact of hepatitis C status on 20-year mortality of patients with substance use disorders. AU - Accurso, Anthony J.. AU - Rastegar, Darius A. AU - Ghazarian, Sharon R.. AU - Fingerhood, Michael I. PY - 2015/10/13. Y1 - 2015/10/13. N2 - BACKGROUND: The magnitude of the effect of hepatitis C viral infection on survival is still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of hepatitis C viral antibodies in 1991 was associated with increased mortality 20 years later within a cohort of patients with substance use disorders. Secondary objectives were to determine other factors that were associated with increased mortality in the cohort.METHODS: A subset of a 1991 study cohort of patients who had presented for detoxification was reexamined 20 years later. The Social Security Death Index was queried to identify which of the original patients had died. Attributes of survivors and non-survivors were compared, with special attention to their ...

Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.. ...

Plasma vitamin C was lower in periodontitis patients compared with controls (8.3 and 11.3 mg/l, respectively, p = 0.03). Only in the control group a positive correlation was present between vitamin C intake and plasma values. No differences could be assessed between patients and controls regarding vitamin C dietary intake and levels in PMNs and PBMCs. In the patient group, pocket depth appeared to be negatively associated with the vitamin C concentration in PMNs ...

I bought some vitamin C tablets, (ascorbic acid, 500 mg) and diluted it in Gold Medal Bread Flour to 50 and 500 ppm by successive solid dilutions. The 3 glasses contain flour (50 g), water (50 g), yeast (1 t). The glass on the left is straight unmodified flour, the middle is 50 ppm ascorbic acid and the right 500 ppm. I want to see which glass test tube contents give the highest rise before collapsing. Its getting late, its a school night and I cant watch the results unfold. I set up the 3 tests and perched them in front of my netbooks webcam with a little piece of software to snap a pic every minute. Ill see what I see in the morning ...

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the process of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Phenolic and sugar molecules from wounded plant cells trigger in the bacterium a series of events resulting in the processing of the T-DNA by the VirD1/VirD2 endonuclease and the subsequent transfer of the VirD2/T-strand complex, along with VirE2 and VirF proteins, from the bacterium through the VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system. Key events in the plant cell include bacterial attachment, T-complex and Vir protein transfer, cytoplasmic trafficking of the T-complex, nuclear targeting, and T-DNA integration. Some of the plant genes necessary for these processes are depicted by representative rat mutants.. ...

Sunday morning after the grouser mini-reunion found three of us - two suffering from IPA deficiency, one scurvy free - on Seneca Lake in Georges magnificent Penn Yann. Slicing through a slight chop, we trolled lures at depths from 25 to 60 feet. Lightning quick, Keith claimed the first strike for his own and soon landed a 21 lake trout. I bungled the following few, but the population was quite forgiving and we eventually landed five of 13. Even Capn. George, ravaged with manly scurvy, left the tiller once to land a magnificent 24 leviathan. Please visit me in PA Furnace if youd like to sample trout, smoked per Moiras orders ...

What are the government doing with this data??. Yet with all this data supporting vitamin C we are hearing back from you all regarding your MP response and we are still to find one to take this on. Apparently Prof Whitty held a briefing just last week on agents under investigation for covid, and so far vitamin C has not been proven effective in helping with covid. He is obviously not up to date, which is hardly surprising since NICE have not published any review and nor have Public Health England. If your countrys medical and scientific advisors have please let us know.. It is just so sad that, unlike China where vitamin C treatment is part of standard protocol (Shanghai Medical Association guidelines), used widely and presumably a contributor to their much lower hospitality mortality, the UK government has such an anti-vitamin mindset under the guise of evidence. Then, when a placebo controlled RCT shows 80% less mortality in critically ill ventilated patients given 24g of vitamin C, it ...

Our findings indicate that hyperactivation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in Lmna−/− mice contributes to the heart- and muscle-specific defects in these mice and that inhibition of this pathway with rapamycin can significantly counteract this dysfunction and ultimately improve survival. Initially, activation of the mTORC1 pathway can be a beneficial response in muscle and cardiac tissue when hypertrophy is needed. In cardiac tissue, the hypertrophic response is activated by hemodynamic overload and provides temporary relief for heart function. Nevertheless, sustained activation of the hypertrophic response may not result in the long-term maintenance of heart function. For example, acute induction of hypertrophy by activation of Akt-1 specifically in the heart results in the preservation of heart function, whereas chronic activation leads to DCM (50). Moreover, treatment with rapamycin prevents the effects of both acute and chronic activation of Akt-1, suggesting that the mTORC1 pathway may ...

This test measures the level of the enzyme amylase in the blood serum. This enzyme is specific to the pancreas and raised levels suggest damage to the pancreas as in acute and chronic pancreatitis. I would usually do this test along with liver function tests. Another useful test for the pancreas is faecal elastase. Pancreatitis can be caused by excessive alcohol, gall stones, cancer or antioxidant deficiency. Another useful test to diagnose pancreatitis is stool elastase levels. ...

Statistical procedures use ODS Graphics to create graphs as part of their output. ODS Graphics is described in detail in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. Before you create graphs, ODS Graphics must be enabled (for example, with the ODS GRAPHICS ON statement). For more information about enabling and disabling ODS Graphics, see the section Enabling and Disabling ODS Graphics in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. The overall appearance of graphs is controlled by ODS styles. Styles and other aspects of using ODS Graphics are discussed in the section A Primer on ODS Statistical Graphics in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. When ODS Graphics is enabled, you can request specific plots with the PLOTS= option in the TABLES statement. To produce a frequency plot or cumulative frequency plot, you must specify the FREQPLOT or CUMFREQPLOT plot-request, respectively, in the PLOTS= option. By default, PROC FREQ produces all other plots that are associated with the analyses that ...

Rebec, et al. (2002) discovered that the nerve cells in the striatum of HD mice release much lower quantities of ascorbate than do nerve cells of normal mice. The researchers used two groups of mice: one group was composed of HD mice, and the other was the control group (composed of normal mice). They first put both groups of mice under anesthesia so that they could place electrodes into the striatum of the brain that would measure ascorbate levels. When the mice were under anesthesia, the levels of ascorbate in the striatum were the same in both groups. As the normal mice woke up, their ascorbate levels increased and continued increasing as they became more active. As the HD mice woke up, their ascorbate levels actually decreased by up to 50% below the anesthesia level. The HD mice also went on to engage in less motor behavior and spent more time resting than the control mice. These findings suggest that the brains of HD mice are unable to release the normal amounts of ascorbate when ...

Vitamin C is critical for your body and plays an important role in maintaining healthy, resilient skin. While young skin is full of vitamin C, aging s

The review published in the Journal of Intensive Care : Vitamin C may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: a meta-regression analysis postulates that vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients by an average of 25 percent. Without supplementation, plasma vitamin C levels are particularly low in critically ill patients. The more ill a patient is, the higher the consumption of vitamin C apparently is. In the study mentioned above, the scientists put forward the hypothesis that there is a connection between the severity of the disease and the beneficial effect of vitamin C administration ...

Statistical procedures use ODS Graphics to create graphs as part of their output. ODS Graphics is described in detail in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. Before you create graphs, ODS Graphics must be enabled (for example, with the ODS GRAPHICS ON statement). For more information about enabling and disabling ODS Graphics, see the section Enabling and Disabling ODS Graphics in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. The overall appearance of graphs is controlled by ODS styles. Styles and other aspects of using ODS Graphics are discussed in the section A Primer on ODS Statistical Graphics in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. If the model includes a single continuous independent variable, a plot of robust fit against this variable (FITPLOT) is provided by default. Two plots are particularly useful in revealing outliers and leverage points. The first is a scatter plot of the standardized robust residuals against the robust distances (RDPLOT). The second is a scatter plot of ...

According to Mayo Clinic, consuming too much vitamin C is unlikely to be harmful or to cause an overdose. Too much vitamin C may, however, result in undesirable symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea,...

In studies at two area health care centers, 30% of new admissions with a diagnosis of depression had low plasma vitamin C levels. Actually, we did this study a number of years ago and found that if you took a hundred people who are depressed without checking their level and gave them all vitamin C, 30% would get better. Statistically that would be below the placebo level. That is why it is important to separate out the 30% from the large group, so the people who are low in vitamin C will obviously respond more to the vitamin C than the people who are not. Of course, man and woman does not live by vitamin C alone. It is possible to become depressed because of the lack of a sufficient amount of a single trace element. The following is from an audio tape of a person who had this problem: I was getting more depressed. I had two grand babies coming at the end of July and I didnt want to see them. Thats rather odd for a grandmother. I knew I wasnt up to helping my children with their children. I ...

This powerful acid serums, packed with nourishing ingredients help reveal younger and renewed looking skin. Penetrating deep in to the skin and nourishing from the core, this serum brings back elasticity to your skin and reverses the signs of aging while protecting from free radicals.. ...

GULO and the implications for evolution. L-gulonolactone oxidase - commonly known as GULO - is a gene designed to synthesize vitamin C from glucose or galactose, but in some groups of animals, the GULO gene does function in that manner, and so it is given the label of pseudogene.4. Additionally, the gene is broken reportedly in the same place in multiple species resulting in a loss of the ability to synthesize vitamin C. Humans are not able to synthesize vitamin C. Neither are guinea pigs, chimpanzees and several species of monkeys along with some species of birds, bats and fish. Evolutionists look at these facts and conclude that the only way the gene could have broken in the sample place is if the gene of a common ancestor became broken, and that same broken gene was then inherited by subsequent descendants. Thus to their way of thinking the only way this broken gene would show up in multiple species is if it started in a common ancestor.. Recent evidence refutes this conclusion, and the ...

Bioceuticals Liposomal C - Vitamin C Liquid - Vitamin C supplementation may reduce the severity and duration of colds, and provides nutritional support for a normal healthy immune system.

Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid is a nutrient present in many other foods. The below table lists foods high in Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid other than Fungi, Cloud ears, dried. ...

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Vitamin C supplementation in pregnant women who are unable to quit smoking significantly improves pulmonary function in their newborns, according to a new study.

What is Ascorbic Acid? Is it the same as Vitamin C? Here are the answers to all your questions on Ascorbic acid, its uses, side effects, dosage, formula. Read

Vitamin C for healthy teeth, gums & bones. Helps heal wounds, scar tissue, & fractures, prevents scurvy, builds resistance to infections and immunity.

Suitable for use in foods either as a supplement or to prevent browning and oxidation, or in swimming pools to neutralize chlorine or for some kinds of stain removal. Our Bulk L-Ascorbic Acid Powder is tested to USP40 standards at 99.75% minimum purity and provides a less expensive alternative to our Ester-C or Calcium Ascorbate Powders if you dont have acidity problems. A measured half-teaspoon of the powder yields 2250 mg of Vitamin C. Please note that this item is L-ascorbic acid. Note that many of our customers use ascorbic acid for their pools because it is effective in removing some types of stains. Many people also use it for food prep and to prevent browning of fruit and some vegetables in diluted mixtures ...

Indications: skin diseases, hair and nails, anemia, gynecological and ocular osłabiebie, the collapse of the immune system, symptoms and diseases of old age, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, treatment with salicylates, infectious disease, hemorrhagic, hormonal disorders,convalescence, spots on the skin, teeth decay.

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Enhance the overall radiance of your skin with The Ordinary Ascorbic Acid 8% + Alpha Arbutin 2%, a daily brightening treatment that reduces pigmentation and dullness. Ascorbic Acid 8% + Alpha Arbutin 2% contains a powerful skincare antioxidants

The acidifying effect of intravenous (IV) ascorbic acid was studied in seven healthy adult volunteers. After obtaining baseline urine and blood samples, 2-g IV doses of ascorbic acid were administered to each subject during a 20-minute period. Venous

HiId like to bake loaves with a higher wholemeal content ( 60 wholemeal:40 white or 70 wholemeal: 30 white) and am wondering if the addition of ascorbic acid will help to make them lighter. Does anyone routinely use ascorbic acid in wholemeal/spelt bread making, and if so, what is your purpose in using it. Does anyone deliberately avoid it, and if so why? Also, does anyone know where in London (UK) I could buy it? If I were to use straigh vit C pills, how much would I add say per 3 cups of flour? Thanks.

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Scurvy and rickets masked by chronic neurologic illness: Revisiting psychologic malnutrition?. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

The PDF file you selected should load here if your Web browser has a PDF reader plug-in installed (for example, a recent version of Adobe Acrobat Reader).. If you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with PDFs, Highwire Press provides a helpful Frequently Asked Questions about PDFs.. Alternatively, you can download the PDF file directly to your computer, from where it can be opened using a PDF reader. To download the PDF, click the Download link above. ...

Washing your hands and stocking up on vitamin C aren't the only ways to protect yourself from the micro-organisms associated with winter.

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-Ingredient Ascorbic acid 10g-Standard 20㎖, 10vials/BOXRejuvenating / Brightening skinStrong anti-oxidant agentPowerful protector from many diseases 1) Select the Eximbay payment method and when the card payment is made, the card invoice you will receive is written as EXIMBAY.COM, so please refer to it.2) Caution: th

The data below is based on a Stitch DB API call for human protein-drug interactions for Ascorbic acid Up to 20 direct protein and drug interactions are displayed, having a medium confidence score (0.450) or above.. ...

Fun Facts 100 grams of Applesauce, canned, unsweetened, without added ascorbic acid (includes USDA commodity) contain 0.17 grams of protein, 0.1 grams of fat, 11.27 grams of carbohydrates, and 1.1 ...