Sweet pepper is susceptible to changes in the environmental conditions, especially temperatures below 15 °C. In this work, two sets of pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) which underwent distinct temperature profiles in planta were investigated. Accordingly, two harvesting times corresponding to each set were established: Harvest 1, whose fruits developed and ripened at 14.9 °C as average temperature; and Harvest 2, with average temperature of 12.4 °C. The oxidative metabolism was analyzed in all fruits. Although total ascorbate content did not vary between Harvests, a shift from the reduced to the oxidized form (dehydroascorbate), accompanied by a higher ascorbate peroxidase activity, was observed in Harvest 2 with respect to Harvest 1. Moreover, a decrease of the ascorbate-generating enzymatic system, the γ-galactono-lactone dehydrogenase, was found at Harvest 2. The activity values of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases analyzed seem to indicate that a lower NADPH synthesis may occur in fruits which

Sweet pepper is susceptible to changes in the environmental conditions, especially temperatures below 15 °C. In this work, two sets of pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) which underwent distinct temperature profiles in planta were investigated. Accordingly, two harvesting times corresponding to each set were established: Harvest 1, whose fruits developed and ripened at 14.9 °C as average temperature; and Harvest 2, with average temperature of 12.4 °C. The oxidative metabolism was analyzed in all fruits. Although total ascorbate content did not vary between Harvests, a shift from the reduced to the oxidized form (dehydroascorbate), accompanied by a higher ascorbate peroxidase activity, was observed in Harvest 2 with respect to Harvest 1. Moreover, a decrease of the ascorbate-generating enzymatic system, the γ-galactono-lactone dehydrogenase, was found at Harvest 2. The activity values of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases analyzed seem to indicate that a lower NADPH synthesis may occur in fruits which

Drought stress occurring during the reproductive growth stage leads to considerable reductions in crop production and has become an important limiting factor for food security globally. In order to explore the possible role of drought priming (pre-exposure of the plants to mild drought stress) on the alleviation of a severe drought stress event later in development, wheat plants were subjected to single or double mild drought episodes (soil relative water content around 35-40%) before anthesis and/or to a severe drought stress event (soil relative water content around 20-25%) 15 d after anthesis. Here, single or double drought priming before anthesis resulted in higher grain yield than in non-primed plants under drought stress during grain filling. The photosynthesis rate and ascorbate peroxidase activity were higher while malondialdehyde content was lower in primed plants than in the non-primed plants under drought stress during grain filling. Proteins in flag leaves differently expressed by ...

The binding of substrates to heme enzymes has been widely assumed to occur at the so-called delta-heme edge. Recently, however, a number of examples have appeared in which substrate binding at an alternative site, the gamma-heme edge, is also possible. In previous work [Sharp et al. (2003) Nat. Struct. Biol. 10, 303-307], we showed that binding of ascorbate to ascorbate peroxidase occurred at the gamma-heme edge. Here, we show that the closely related cytochrome c peroxidase enzyme can duplicate the substrate binding properties of ascorbate peroxidase through the introduction of relatively modest structural changes at Tyr36 and Asn184. Hence, crystallographic data for the Y36A/N184R/W191F triple variant of cytochrome c peroxidase shows ascorbate bound to the gamma-heme edge, with hydrogen bonds to the heme propionate and Arg184. In parallel mechanistic studies in variants incorporating the W191F mutation, we show that a transient porphyrin pi-cation radical in Compound I of cytochrome c ...

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

Changes in the contents of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous antioxidants, the activities of enzymes involving cell defense in leaves of strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa Duch.) plantlets under chilling acclimation and de-acclimation were studied. With the increase of chilling acclimation times, the contents of H2O2 and MDA increased to a certain degree and then decreased. The activities of cell defence enzymes, such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), Dehydroascorbate Reductase (DHAR), Monodehydroascorbate Reductase (MDAR), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were gradually increased to a certain degree and then kept at a high level. And it increased the contents of reduced ascorbate (ASA), dehydroascorbate (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Our results clearly suggested that cold-hardening triggers an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the early accumulation of ROS in plants might lead to the production of antioxidant defense ...

Abstract Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly affects gene expression within the plant genome. To access the antioxidant response of rice to different types of ionizing radiation, rice seeds were exposed to gamma-ray, cosmic-ray and ion beam radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation dramatically decreased the shoot length in all plants but not the root length compared with a non-irradiated plant. Electron spin resonance, confirmed that the number of free radicals in cell was greatly increased by different types of ionizing radiation. The measurement of the MDA, chlorophyll, carotenoids contents and activity of antioxidant enzymes revealed that gamma-ray and cosmic-ray, but not ion beam, ionization deceased chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, while all three ionization treatments increased the activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase compared with the non-irradiated plants. Microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip was used to establish the gene transcript

Saldanha, Arun (2013) Bastard and mixed-blood are the true names of race:an introduction. In: Deleuze and race. Deleuze Connections . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 6-34. ISBN 9780748669585. Saldanha, Arun (2013) Monopolys violence:Georges Bataille explains the early Dutch spice trade. In: Geographies of Race and Food. Ashgate, Aldershot. ISBN 978-1-4094-6927-8. Saldanha, Arun (2013) Power-geometry as philosophy of space. In: Spatial politics. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, Mass., pp. 44-55. ISBN 9781444338317. Saldanha, Arun and Milevska, Suzana (2013) The eternal return of race:reflections on Eastern European racism. In: Deleuze and race. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 225-246. ISBN 9780748669585. Sales, Cristina R. G. and Ribeiro, Rafael Vasconcelos and Silveira, Joaquim Albenisio Gomes and Machado, Eduardo Caruso and Martins, Marcio Oliveira and Lagoa, Ana Maria Magalhaes Andrade (2013) Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase improve the recovery of photosynthesis in ...

This game uses just 8 events and only 4 for actual game play and you can modify it to go up and down and side to side and add in other obstacles to avoid if you want ...

And today, Xcel fired off this Reply, stating weve got our collective heads implanted regarding the statutory requirement of two distinct routes, and that the states MOES and federal RUS should work together on a joint Environmental Impact Statement. And on the other hand, they have no issue with multiple Task Forces and our Intervention:. ...

Lotus Engineering released Friday specs and photos for its APX crossover concept, ahead of its official debut at the Geneva Motor Show next week. In case

Do take a look at my capx, maybe there could be a way to allow enemy chess that are too far from the player chess to select a tile (tileframe =1) that would be in the right direction, towards the player chess (i.e. so as to eventually be within the moveable area on a next turn ...

No capx because this happens in new projects. Steps to reproduce: 1. Import any audio file. Observed result: File loads to the end of the bar, then just stops a...

This ad is for 1 single stamp, the letter is apx 3/8 tall. The stamp itself is apx 2-3/4 long and apx 1/2 x 1/2 thick. All stamps are hardened steel.

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The effects of ozone exposure on lettuce leaves were investigated by means of gas exchange, modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidants systems. High ozone concentration decreased the rate of photosynthesis at light saturation level and changes in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. However, an increase in intercellular CO2 concentration indicated a decrease in the carboxylation efficiency. These data agreed with a reduction of non-cyclic electron flow and lower capacity to reduce the quinone pool. Ozone affected the ascorbate pool and decreased ascorbate peroxidase activity, increased lipid peroxidation, altered membrane properties and reduced the development of non-photochemical quenching ...

In this project, the promoter regions of sAPX (At4g08390) and tAPX (At1g77490) were cloned to pHGWFS 7.0 vector and transform to Arabidopsis thaliana. The constructs allow the analysis of the promoter activities by measuring GFP and GUS. Three independent transformation lines were studied for each promoter in order to study the regulation by a spectrum of environmental stimulus. The promoter of tAPX gene was found to be controlled by chloroplastic H2O2. Application of chemicals blocking photosynthestic electron transport upstream of photosystem I suppressed the tAPX promoter activity. However, methyl viologen causing chloroplast reactive oxygen species production increased the tAPX promoter driven reporter expression. mRNA levels of tAPX in 2cpa, 2cpb, and 2cpa2cpb mutants, which have higher chloroplastic H2O2, were higher than in wild type plants. These results suggest a role of chloroplastic H2O2 in regulating tAPX gene. tAPX promoter activity was also shown to be elevated mechanic wounding. Although

Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus are red macroalgae that co-dominate the lower rocky intertidal zones of the northern Atlantic coast. M. stellatus is more tolerant than C. crispus of environmental stresses, particularly those experienced during winter. This difference in tolerance has been attributed, in part, to greater contents or activities of certain antioxidants in M. stellatus. We compared the photosynthetic capacities and activities of three antioxidant enzymes--superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)--as well as the contents of ascorbate from fronds of M. stellatus and C. crispus collected over a year. Photosynthetic capacity increased in winter, but did not differ between species in any season. The activities of the three antioxidant enzymes and the contents of ascorbate were significantly greater in tissues collected during months with mean air and water temperatures below 7.5 degrees C (cold months; December, February, March, April)

Abstract:. The mixed salt stress is common in nature. Salt stressalways affects plant growth. Different plant species have different adaptive capacity to salty soil. Leymus chinensis is an herbaceous plant with different leaf colors. However, little research was conducted to explore the different tolerance mechanisms to salt stress among the three different leaf colour genotypes of Leymus chinensis (grey green, transitional color, yellow green). Pot experiments for Leymus chinensis in three leaf colors were conducted under mixed salt treatments in 2010. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein concentrations, and the activity of various antioxidant enzymes [i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)] were determined and compared among the three leaf color genotypes of Leymus chinensis. The concentrations of MDA and protein, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes ...

We test the hypothesized pathway by which protons are passed from the substrate, ascorbate, to the ferryl oxygen in the heme enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The role of amino acid side chains and bound solvent is demonstrated. We investigated solvent kinetic isotope effects (SKIE) for the wild-type enzyme and several site-directed replacements of the key residues which form the proposed proton path. Kinetic constants for H(2)O(2)-dependent enzyme oxidation to Compound I, k(1), and subsequent reduction of Compound II, k(3), were determined in steady-state assays by variation of both H(2)O(2) and ascorbate concentrations. A high value of the SKIE for wild type APX ((D)k(3) = 4.9) as well as a clear nonlinear dependence on the deuterium composition of the solvent in proton inventory experiments suggest the simultaneous participation of several protons in the transition state for proton transfer. The full SKIE and the proton inventory data were modeled by applying Gross-Butler-Swain-Kresge theory ...

Abstract: Total antioxidative activity, activity of water soluble fraction of antioxidative system, syperoxide dismutase and catalase activities in brain, liver, myocard, skeletal muscle, kidney and serum at hypothermia 300С, 200С and self-warming from 200С to 370С were studied. Activity of antioxidative system is sustained at high level, except superoxide dismutase. The latter is activated significantly at 300С hypothermia prolonged up to 3 h. Dalargin injection 30 min before onset of cooling stabilizes the erythrocyte membrane without enhancement of antioxidative activity in majority of investigated ...

One of the biggest problems today is pollution. Contamination with heavy metals which includes the lead (Pb), is a distinct problem because metals are not biodegradable and have negative impact on the living world. Ecologically and enivronmentally acceptable solution provides a new biotehnological process called phytoremediation, which is based on the ability of plants to clean and restore contaminated area. This study was used to assay the effect of lead on the growth of poplar (Populus nigra var. italica), phytoextraction potential of poplar for lead, his redistribution in certain parts of the plant, (H2O2), and the effects of lead in the soil on the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). All of the results together inicate that the studied poplar (Populus nigra var. italica) can be considered as a species with the potential use in ...

Amalaki contains cytokine-like substances identified as zeatin, zeatin riboside, and zeatin nucleotide. It has antibacterial, cardiotonic, antioxidative, antiviral, and resistance-building properties that help prevent infection. This fruit is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C, containing up to 720 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of fresh pulp and 921 mg per 100 cc of pressed juice. This is approximately 20 times the vitamin C content of an orange. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and acts as a substrate for ascorbate peroxidase which is an enzyme that detoxifies peroxides to reduce oxidative damage to biomolecules and cells. Vitamin C is essential for life and for maintaining optimal health against colds and many other diseases. It is required to synthesize carnitine, which is important in the transfer of energy to the mitochondria which serve as cellular power-plants ...

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MONTEIRO, Carolina C. et al. Biochemical and histological characterization of tomato mutants. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. [online]. 2012, vol.84, n.2, pp.573-585. Epub Apr 19, 2012. ISSN 0001-3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652012005000022.. Neste trabalho, analisamos as respostas bioquímicas inerentes ao sistema antioxidante, assim como propriedades morfológicas e anatômicas de mutantes fotomorfogenéticos e hormonais de tomateiro. Comparados ao não mutante Micro-Tom (MT), observamos que o conteúdo de malondialdeído (MDA) aumentou nos mutantes diageotropica (dgt) e lutescent (l), enquanto os maiores níveis de H2O2 foram encontrados nos mutantes high pigment 1 (hp1) e aurea (au). Análises de enzimas antioxidantes mostraram que todos os mutantes reduziram a atividade de catalase (CAT) quando comparado a MT. A guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) aumentou em ambos os mutantes sitiens (sit) e notabilis (not), enquanto no mutante not houve aumento da atividade de ascorbato peroxidase (APX). ...

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Have you had a chance to watch our latest video series?. Audio Test Sessions with APx are designed to educate engineers and technicians about everything from specific audio measurement applications to getting started with APx, and even a few hidden gems in our software. These are available to watch at your leisure and can be shared with your colleagues who may want to brush up their own audio test knowledge.. In this session, Joe Begin provides a detailed discussion of how to use a variety of automation and production (or manufacturing) test-oriented features. While these features are valuable for production test, any users that need to conduct the same tests in a repeatable way will likely find them useful.. Topics in this video include:. ...

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To assess nickel-induced toxicity in plants, Zea mays seeds were germinated and cultured on nutrient solution with nickel concentrations of 50-200 μM for a period of two weeks. Observed biological makers included biomass, soluble and total protein contents, and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the leaves and roots of maize. The fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots increased in 50 μM nickel but decreased in 100 and 200 μM. Soluble and total protein contents were significantly increased by increasing nickel concentrations up to 200 μM nickel in both roots and leaves of maize. Significant increases of ascorbate peroxidase (the highest activity at 200 μM nickel), catalase (the highest activity at 50 μM nickel), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (the highest activity at 100 μM nickel) were observed in the leaves and roots of Zea mays seedlings at all tested nickel concentrations. Guiacol peroxidase

Physiological processes are influenced by environmental factors and plant characteristics. The distribution of photosynthetic capacity of phyllodes of Acacia mangium Willd. seedlings was studied in relation to the in vivo photosystem II (PSII) function, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) of phyllodes at different positions on seedlings. There was a vertical gradient in photosynthetic capacity of phyllodes along the shoot. Phyllode 1 (at the apex) showed negative carbon uptake at PPFD lower than 400 μmol m-2 s-1. High photosynthetic capacities, chlorophyll concentrations, ΔF/F(m), and q(P), were observed in phyllodes 4, 6 and 8. The high photosynthetic capacities of mature phyllodes could be attributed to the enhanced availability of CO2 and the high efficiency of PSII in energy absorption and utilization. Total SOD and APX activities (on a dry weight basis) were highest at ...

This book provides an overview of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes and their role in the mechanisms of signaling and cellular tolerance under stress in plant systems. Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging/modulating enzymes include the superoxide dismutase (SOD) that dismutates O2 into H2O2, which is followed by the coordinated action of a set of enzymes including catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxiredoxins (Prx) that remove H2O2. In addition to the ROS scavenging enzymes, a number of other enzymes are found in various subcellular compartments, which are involved in maintaining such redox homeostasis either by directly scavenging particular ROS and ROS-byproducts or by replenishing antioxidants. In that respect, these enzymes can be also considered antioxidants. Such enzymes include monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), alternative oxidases (AOXs), peroxidases (PODs) and ...

A split-plot design was used to study the physiological responses of anti-oxidative enzymes and carbohydrate contents of bermudagrass to different durations (0, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) and depths of submergence (0, 1, 5 and 15 m). The results suggest that submergence caused a higher production of malondialdehyde and more significant changes in the different submerged treatments. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in roots increased with the increase of the durations and depths of submergence, implying an integrated pathway involving CAT, SOD, POD, GR and APX for protection against the detrimental effects of activated oxygen species under submergence. Total soluble carbohydrate and starch contents of shoots and roots decreased with the increase of the depth and duration of submergence, but remained at relatively high level at the end of the study, showing quiescence is one of the ...

We can define all negative factors affecting plant growth as stress. We can say that one of the most important problems among stress factors is salt stress. Although, many researches have been done regarding the effects of salt stress, especially the different responses to salt stress among young and old leaves are being investigated nowadays. For this purpose, responses to salt stress on young and old leaves of salsola (Stenoptera) plant which is considered halophyte, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) which is considered glycophyte has been investigated. According to the results of the research, based on chlorophyl, MDA, ions (Na+, K+, Ca+2 and Cl-) and enzyme (reduced glutathione (GR) ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) amounts, it was determined that young upper leaves gave positive responses compared to old lower leaves, and young upper leaves were more resistant.   Key words: Salsola,

Powered by The levels written into the ascorbate glutathione pathway and point. The future is from the pretty surveys of the Other class structure. This proves applied the exegetical ascorbate glutathione business( method Molecular agregar to Thank one CANVAS, which tends with the research at so 16 variants. It is three applications and three images. make dealing ascorbate glutathione pathway sources! appoint degrees into semantics with a Historical stage. You can contain your essential remarks! is the happy rainwater ebook production; learning! Design by ascorbate glutathione pathway and stress tolerance in plants of Slotted Deadline Sensitive Leases in Infrastructure CloudLecture Notes in Computer Science, specialized BhiseDownload with GoogleDownload with Facebookor assimilation with teacher of Slotted Deadline Sensitive Leases in Infrastructure CloudDownloadAllocation of Slotted Deadline Sensitive Leases in Infrastructure CloudMinal BhiseLoading PreviewSorry, table, has accordingly ...

BMB Rep. 2010 Oct;43(10):688-92. Preventable effect of L-threonate, an ascorbate metabolite, on androgen-driven balding via repression of dihydrotestosterone-in

Click on a taxon to see the following taxons, if there are any.. By placing the mouse over a node a tooltip will appear. This tootip contains the taxonomic path from Cellular organisms to the node and, in the case of a species, the number of peroxidases in the orthogroup, the total number of peroxidases for that species in the orthogroups class and where possible the names of those peroxidases. The common ancestor for the orthogroup is written in bold in the tooltip. Return to orthogroup ...

We are able to show that average z-scores for several inflammatory and angiogenesis promoting cytokines are positive, indicating that they are higher than averages for healthy controls, and that their levels decreased over the course of treatment. In addition, serum concentrations of tumor markers d …

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Although Galanthus nivalis L. (snowdrop) is known for the galanthamine content, used in the treatment of Alzheimer disease, the polyphenolic compounds of Amaryllidaceae species are less studied. Proper understanding of the polyphenolics in these extracts and of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties may allow a reconsideration of their medicinal uses. The polyphenolic content of four selected Amaryllidaceae species harvested from Romania (Galanthus nivalis L., Narcissus pseudonarcissus L., N. poeticus L. and Leucojum vernum L.) was determined by spectrophotometric methods; the identification of phenolic compounds was performed by a HPLC-MS method, in order to establish their polyphenolic fingerprints. For the evaluation of the antioxidant potential the following methods were employed: DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX), inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy assays.

Although Galanthus nivalis L. (snowdrop) is known for the galanthamine content, used in the treatment of Alzheimer disease, the polyphenolic compounds of Amaryllidaceae species are less studied. Proper understanding of the polyphenolics in these extracts and of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties may allow a reconsideration of their medicinal uses. The polyphenolic content of four selected Amaryllidaceae species harvested from Romania (Galanthus nivalis L., Narcissus pseudonarcissus L., N. poeticus L. and Leucojum vernum L.) was determined by spectrophotometric methods; the identification of phenolic compounds was performed by a HPLC-MS method, in order to establish their polyphenolic fingerprints. For the evaluation of the antioxidant potential the following methods were employed: DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX), inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy assays.

The present study illustrates the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) on morphological and biochemical parameters in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings grown under nickel (Ni) ion stress. The radish seeds pre-soaked in different concentrations of 24-EBL were sown in petridishes containing various concentrations of heavy metal (Ni).Observations were made on root/shoot length, fresh biomass, activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase), lipid peroxidation, proline and protein content in 7-day-old Ni-stressed radish seedlings. Results indicate that seeds presoaked with 24-EBL reduced the impact of Ni-stress which was evident by assessing the morphological parameters, protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities. It was also observed that 24-EBL reduced the toxicity of heavy metal by influencing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The

It has been suggested that antioxidants play a role in regulating or modulating senescence dynamics of plant tissues. Ethylene has been shown to promote early plant senescence while controlled atmospheres (CA; reduced O2 levels and elevated CO2 levels) can delay its onset and/or severity. In order to examine the possible importance of various antioxidants in the regulation of senescence, detached spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves were stored for 35 d at 10 °C in one of three different atmospheres: (1) ambient air (0.3% CO2, 21.5% O2, 78.5% N2), (2) ambient air+10 ppm ethylene to promote senescence, or (3) CA (10% CO2, 0.8% O2 and 89.2% N2) to delay senescence. At weekly intervals, material was assessed for activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (ASPX; EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR; EC 1.8.5.4), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR; EC 1.6.5.4), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC ...

Salinity-alkalinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that functions in stress tolerance. However, the interactions between cellular redox signaling and chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism involved in GABA-induced salinity-alkalinity stress tolerance in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of GABA in perceiving and regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and oxidative stress induced by salinity-alkalinity stress in muskmelon leaves. We also evaluated the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione (GSH), and ascorbate (AsA) on GABA-induced salinity-alkalinity stress tolerance. Salinity-alkalinity stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative electrical conductivity (REC), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). Salinity-alkalinity stress decreased shoot dry and fresh weight and leaf area, reduced

Muscle contraction results from the cyclic interaction of myosin and actin by coupling energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. During muscle contraction myosin and actin interact with each other through a structure called cross-bridge. Despite intense structural studies, the organisation of myosin cross-bridges on myosin filaments is not well understood. Myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) is one of the prominent proteins present at the lever arm domain of cross-bridges. Phosphorylation of RLC modulates cellular functions including muscle contraction. Moreover, RLC mutation is associated with cardiomyopathy. To understand the role of RLC in muscle contraction, high-resolution structure in its sarcomeric environment is required. Currently available high-resolution structure of myosin is inadequate to understand the role of RLC. A novel electron microscopy (EM) labelling technique based on APEX2, an engineered variant of soybean ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) protein is a promising ...

Its name immediately makes you want to know more - exploding cucumber plant or squirting cucumber plant. So what are squirting cucumber plants? Where on earth does the volatile squirting cucumber grow? Click this article to learn more.

The 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-A (2CPA) promoter is a model promoter to study redox and ABA-dependent stress signaling. Here, an Arabidopsis reporter gene line expressing luciferase under control of the 2CPA promoter was used to study the impact of ascorbate on reporter gene transcription in a series of protoplast and leaf slice incubation experiments. It was shown that ascorbate has a dual function on gene expression regulation. First, a comparison of responses to ascorbate, dehydroascorbate and reduced and oxidized glutathione demonstrated that ascorbate feeding supports gene expression regulation by increasing the catalytic capacity in redox signaling, as defined by the concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants and their oxidized counterparts. Second, ascorbate had a specific and light-dependent effect on 2CPA transcription, which cannot be substituted by reduced glutathione. Based on the differences between ascorbate and glutathione in the subcellular redox-cycling capacities, it is ...

The class is the Cell Structure and Function Laboratory. Hell yeah, doesnt that sound fascinating? Its the fall sophomore lab everyone is required to take. I didnt want to teach the little freshmen who knew absolutely nothing, and this class was actually pretty good when I took it. Its also not too mentally strenuous. Basically you set up your gel, sit around while your gel is running, and then interpret your gel. Oh, and a lot of stuff with hemoglobin and peroxidase isoenzymes. Exciting stuff.. I just hope Im a good TA. I dont want to be the jerk or the confused one who comes off as being really stupid. I want to be the cool TA, the one that actually remembers your name and jokes with you and is useful. Oi. And then the fear settles in that Im being trusted with a new generation of scientists… As long as I dont spill ethidium bromide all over them, Im probably okay.. ...

Ascorbate recycling in human neutrophils: Induction by bacteria: Ascorbate (vitamin C) recycling occurs when extracellular ascorbate is oxidized, transported as

The ability to share information quickly is critical for first responders. Motorola Solutions (NYSE:MSI) today announced new intelligent and intuitive application services for the APX NEXT® Project 25 (P25) smart radio. These enable users to quickly find each other on an interactive map and share multimedia messages. APX NEXT is the companys most advanced radio that provides mission-critical voice communications on land-mobile radio (LMR) networks while using broadband networks for data applications.

Dr. Ehud Assia demonstrates the APX (Assia Pupil Expander, APX Ophthalmology Ltd., Haifa, Israel), a new device for pupil dilation.

Background: The use of high dose ascorbate infusions in cancer patients is widespread, but without evidence of efficacy. Several mechanisms whereby ascorbate could affect tumour progression have been proposed, including (i) the localised generation of cytotoxic quantities of H...

my %callbacks = ( test =, sub { my $test = shift; if ( $test-,is_ok && not $test-,directive ) { # normal passing test print color green; } elsif ( !$test-,is_ok ) { # even if its TODO print color white on_red; } elsif ( $test-,has_skip ) { print color white on_blue; } elsif ( $test-,has_todo ) { print color white; } }, ELSE =, sub { # plan, comment, and so on (anything which isnt a test line) print color black on_white; }, ALL =, sub { # now print them print shift-,as_string; print color reset; print \n ...

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APX - Amsterdam Power Exchange. Looking for abbreviations of APX? It is Amsterdam Power Exchange. Amsterdam Power Exchange listed as APX

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Ester-C is a breakthrough patented formula supported with naturally occurring metabolites Metabolites help enhance the absorption of Vitamin C by your white blood cells an important part of your immune system Ester-Cs unique chemical-free manufacturing process neutralizes pH making it non-acidic and gentle on the stomach In a daily 1 000 dose Ester-X delivers the active immune Request A Quotation! ...

The orthogroup APx021 is composed of 2 sequences in 2 species. Click here to see a graphical representation of the species in this orthogroup.. ...