New DNA Sequences ======================= AC013430 AC013430 88172bp DNA HTG 11-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 1 clone F3F9, WORKING DRAFT SEQUENCE, 6 unordered pieces. HTG; HTGS_PHASE1. ATF11C1 AL132976 105644bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F11C1 ATF15G16 AL132959 104868bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F15G16 ATF18N11 AL132953 91275bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F18N11 ATF1P2 AL132955 101154bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F1P2 ATF24B22 AL132957 100285bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F24B22 ATF24M12 AL132980 129515bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F24M12 ATF2A19 AL132962 95993bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F2A19 ATF2K15 AL132956 130956bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F2K15 ...
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Here, we report our effort in generating an ORFeome collection for the Arabidopsis transcription factor (TF) genes. In total, ORFeome clones representing 1,282 Arabidopsis TF genes have been obtained in the Gateway high throughput cloning pENTR vector, including 411 genes whose annotation lack cDNA support. All the ORFeome inserts have also been mobilized into a yeast expression destination vector, with an estimated 85% rate of expressing the respective proteins. Sequence analysis of these clones revealed that 34 of them did not match with either the reported cDNAs or current predicted open-reading-frame sequences. Among those, novel alternative splicing of TF gene transcripts is responsible for the observed differences in at least five genes. However, those alternative splicing events do not appear to be differentially regulated among distinct Arabidopsis tissues examined. Lastly, expression of those TF genes in 17 distinct Arabidopsis organ types and the cultured cells was profiled using a ...
Studies on epidermal cell fate determination have been important for gaining insight into the genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to the differentiation and patterning of cells. In Arabidopsis, the organization and development of many epidermal characters including trichomes, root hairs and the seed coat have been found to be controlled by a single combinatorial transcription factor complex consisting of a WD-repeat containing protein, Transparent Testa Glabra 1 (TTG1), and various MYB and bHLH proteins. The work here consists of identification of Glabra2 (GL2) and Transparent Testa Glabra2 (TTG2) as direct transcriptional targets of the TTG1 combinatorial complex, further characterization of GL2 function, and identification of transcriptional targets of GL2 and TTG2. Both GL2 and TTG2 are important in the regulation of trichomes, root hairs and seed coat development. vii GL2 has been identified as an important regulator of epidermal cell fate for over fifteen years yet there is little ...
The Arabidopsis pseudo-response regulator, APRR1, has a unique structural design containing a pseudo-receiver domain and a C-terminal CONSTANS motif. This protein was originally characterized as a presumed component of the His-to-Asp phosphorelay systems in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recently, it was reported that APRR1 is identical to the TOC1 gene product, a mutational lesion of which affects the periods of many circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis plants. TOC1 is believed to be a component of the presumed circadian clock (or central oscillator). Based on these facts, in this study four more genes, each encoding a member of the APRR1/TOC1 family of pseudo-response regulators were identified and characterized with special reference to circadian rhythms. It was found that all these members of the APRR1/TOC1 family (APRR1, APRR3, APRR5, APRR7, and APRR9) are subjected to a circadian rhythm at the level of transcription. Furthermore, in a given 24 h period, the APRR-mRNAs started accumulating sequentially ...
Dear Colleagues, JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net/) is the open access reference database for transcription factor (TF) DNA binding profiles. Its used in major projects such as ENCODE or FANTOM or tools such as the MEME suite. Plants are underrepresented in the current Jaspar version and I am currently collecting information to include as many Arabidopsis TF as possible in the next Jaspar release. This effort will be useful for the Arabidopsis community as many tools using Jaspar will become available for Arabidopsis in the future if the database is populated with Arabidopsis TF. The TF specificity can be derived from ChIP-chip, ChIP-Seq, Selex/BSSA, Protein binding microarray. I have collected from the literature but I might have missed some factors. If you have generated such data in the past, or if such data exists for TF youre working on, it would be very helpful if you could send me a short mail indicating the TF name and the reference. You can also share unpublished ChIP or Selex data ...
Our observation that both Si1 and Zmm16 are sufficient to rescue their corresponding Arabidopsis mutants also provides compelling evidence for the conservation of B-class function. It would be expected, if B-class genes had evolved significantly different roles in either maize or Arabidopsis, that the maize genes would not be sufficient to functionally replace the Arabidopsis genes. However, our results indicate that the maize genes, either in combination with their respective Arabidopsis B-class protein partners, or together in Arabidopsis ap3 pi double mutants, are capable of correctly regulating the downstream targets necessary for stamen and petal development, even though in maize, B-class activity is essential for promoting stamen and lodicule development.. It is important to note that the rescue seen in the two strong lines examined was correlated with higher levels of expression than that of the Arabidopsis orthologs. Consequently, it may be necessary to have higher levels of the maize ...
The availability of the complete genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana together with those of other organisms provides an opportunity to decipher the genetic factors that define plant form and function. To begin this task, we have classified the nuclear protein-coding genes of Arabidopsis thaliana on the basis of their pattern of sequence similarity to organisms across the three domains of life. We identified 3,848 Arabidopsis proteins that are likely to be found solely within the plant lineage. More than half of these plant-specific proteins are of unknown function, emphasizing the general lack of knowledge of processes unique to plants. Plant-specific proteins that are membrane-associated and/or targeted to the mitochondria or chloroplasts are the most poorly characterized. Analyses of microarray data indicate that genes coding for plant-specific proteins, but not evolutionarily conserved proteins, are more likely to be expressed in an organ-specific manner. A large proportion (13%) of plant
FUNCTIONS IN MOLECULAR_FUNCTION UNKNOWN INVOLVED IN BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS UNKNOWN EXPRESSED IN 18 PLANT STRUCTURES EXPRESSED DURING 9 GROWTH STAGES CONTAINS INTERPRO DOMAIN/S PROTEIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION DUF618 (INTERPROIPR006903) REGULATION OF NUCLEAR PRE-MRNA PROTEIN (INTERPROIPR006569) ENTH/VHS (INTERPROIPR008942) BEST ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PROTEIN MATCH IS UNKNOWN PROTEIN (TAIRAT5G100601) HAS 3523 BLAST HITS TO 3241 PROTEINS IN 333 SPECIES ARCHAE - 25 BACTERIA - 251 METAZOA - 1575 FUNGI - 421 PLANTS - 142 VIRUSES - 17 OTHER EUKARYOTES - 1092 (SOURCE NCBI BLINK ...
FUNCTIONS IN MOLECULAR_FUNCTION UNKNOWN INVOLVED IN UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN CATABOLIC PROCESS LOCATED IN CHLOROPLAST EXPRESSED IN CULTURED CELL CONTAINS INTERPRO DOMAIN/S MOV34/MPN/PAD-1 (INTERPROIPR000555) BEST ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PROTEIN MATCH IS UNKNOWN PROTEIN (TAIRAT4G161441) HAS 753 BLAST HITS TO 752 PROTEINS IN 167 SPECIES ARCHAE - 0 BACTERIA - 0 METAZOA - 359 FUNGI - 199 PLANTS - 115 VIRUSES - 0 OTHER EUKARYOTES - 80 (SOURCE NCBI BLINK ...
Despite the importance of secondary growth in plants, relatively few genes regulating this process have been identified to date. By using data from detailed transcript profiling of the poplar wood-forming tissues, 150 genes that are differentially expressed within the zone of secondary growth were identified. In order to determine the possible function of these poplar genes, potential Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs were identified and gene knockout lines analysed. Three selection filters were used to identify the most likely orthologous genes using poplar and Arabidopsis sequence comparisons, expression profiling in secondary thickened Arabidopsis hypocotyls and global expression analysis of Arabidopsis tissues. Three genes encoding AtCSLA2 (At5g22740), the AtGUT1 GT47 glycosyltransferase (At1g27440) and a protein with no proposed function AtUNKA (At4g27435) were selected for further detailed analysis of their role in secondary growth in Arabidopsis. The presented genome-based approach using ...
T-DNA Express: Arabidopsis Gene Mapping Tool, Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Arabidopsis Gene Expression Database. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
T-DNA Express: Arabidopsis Gene Mapping Tool, Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Arabidopsis Gene Expression Database. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
T-DNA Express: Arabidopsis Gene Mapping Tool, Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Arabidopsis Gene Expression Database. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
The WD motif (also known as the Trp-Asp or WD40 motif) is found in a multitude of eukaryotic proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes. Where studied, repeated WD motifs act as a site for protein-protein interaction, and proteins containing WD repeats (WDRs) are known to serve as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes or mediators of transient interplay among other proteins. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, members of this superfamily are increasingly being recognized as key regulators of plant-specific developmental events. We analyzed the predicted complement of WDR proteins from Arabidopsis, and compared this to those from budding yeast, fruit fly and human to illustrate both conservation and divergence in structure and function. This analysis identified 237 potential Arabidopsis proteins containing four or more recognizable copies of the motif. These were classified into 143 distinct families, 49 of which contained more than one Arabidopsis member. Approximately 113 of
TY - JOUR. T1 - BAK1, an Arabidopsis LRR receptor-like protein kinase, interacts with BRI1 and modulates brassinosteroid signaling. AU - Li, Jia. AU - Wen, Jiangqi. AU - Lease, Kevin A.. AU - Doke, Jason T.. AU - Tax, Frans E.. AU - Walker, John C.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank S. Zhang, B. Sonderman, members of the University of Missouri-Columbia Molecular Cytology Core Facility (J. Wagner, S. Bailes, and M. Sivaguru), and members of the University of Wisconsin Arabidopsis knockout facility for their excellent technical assistance. We also thank members of the Walker laboratory for aid and discussion. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants MCB 9809884, MCB 0112278, DBI 9975808 (J.C.W.), and IBN 0132554 (J.L. and J.C.W.) and by the University of Missouri Food for the 21 st Century Program.. PY - 2002/7/26. Y1 - 2002/7/26. N2 - Brassinosteroids regulate plant growth and development through a protein complex that includes the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein ...
A large number of disease resistance genes or QTLs in crop plants are identified through conventional genetics and genomic tools, but their functional or molecular characterization remains costly, labor-intensive and inaccurate largely due to the lack of deep sequencing of large and complex genomes of many important crops such as allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). On the other hand, gene annotation and relevant genomic resources for disease resistance and other defense-related traits are more abundant in model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The objectives of this study are (i) to infer homology of defense-related genes in Arabidopsis and wheat and (ii) to classify these homologous genes into different gene families. We employed three bioinformatics and genomics approaches to identifying candidate genes known to affect plant defense and to classifying these protein-coding genes into different gene families in Arabidopsis. These approaches predicted up to 1790 candidate genes in 11
Plant parasitic nematodes, including root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes, cause extensive damage and loss to many crops. Nematodes elicit a…
With the set of Arabidopsis plasma membrane phosphorylation sites presented in this work, we have made two major achievements. First, as a database resource, the data will facilitate signaling research on the proteins identified. Technically, it remains difficult, if not impossible, for most laboratories to identify phosphorylation sites within their proteins of interest. These data, and those that follow, should accelerate studies into the mechanistic regulation of biological processes in plants in a manner comparable to the way genome and EST sequencing projects have facilitated the cloning of genes of interest. All data will be released as a free access, searchable database through PlantsP (http://plantsp.sdsc.edu). Second, in a wider scope, the data provide insight into general emerging patterns of regulation through phosphorylation as well as an appreciation of the complexity of these processes.. It is important to stress that the identification of phosphorylation sites as described in this ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Arabidopsis plasma membrane proteomics identifies components of transport, signal transduction and membrane trafficking. AU - Alexandersson, E.. AU - Saalbach, G.. AU - Larsson, C.. AU - Kjellbom, P.. PY - 2004. Y1 - 2004. KW - 8-B gen. U2 - 10.1093/pcp/pch209. DO - 10.1093/pcp/pch209. M3 - Journal article. C2 - 15574830. VL - 45. SP - 1543. EP - 1556. JO - Plant Cell Physiol.. JF - Plant Cell Physiol.. ER - ...
In most regions and when doing a comparison of the whole genomes, Arabidopsis shows a great affinity for mononucleotide repeats compared to rice (Figures 1 to 5). The comparison between the whole genomes of rice and Arabidopsis clearly shows that Arabidopsis has a higher percentage of mononucleotide repeats (33.9%) than rice (18.3%). The only regions where mononucleotide repeats are not as high are the 5UTR and coding regions. Rice seems to have a greater affinity for trinucleotide repeats, with an exceptionally high density of approximately 1,670/MB in the 5UTR, even higher than in exon regions (approximately 421.4/MB). In fact, trinucleotide SSRs are the major type of SSR in all regions except 3UTRs (Figures 1 to 5).. Yet despite these differences in which type of SSR is most common for each organism, rice and Arabidopsis show similar distribution of the SSR types (period) in their coding regions. Both have a majority of trinucleotide repeats (Arabidopsis 65.4%, rice 64%) and a lack of any ...
Gene expression databases for Arabidopsis and other organisms are important resources to investigate the expression pattern of a given gene or gene families, to identify genes that respond to specific stimuli, and to search for coexpressed genes (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/; http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/; Steinhauser et al., 2004; Zimmermann et al., 2004; Shen et al., 2005). AtGenExpress is a very recent gene expression database for Arabidopsis, and possibly the most standardized and comprehensive gene expression resource for any multicellular organism (Altmann et al., 2004). We complemented this dataset with our own data (see introduction) and used the resulting set of Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 whole-genome GeneChip data (approximately 16 million data points i.e. 721 arrays or 323 conditions) to investigate the expression stability of traditional reference genes and to identify novel Arabidopsis reference genes (see Supplemental Table I) that outperform the traditional ones in terms ...
According to the prediction of the involvement of bZIP transcription factors in the ER stress response, AtbZIP60 was identified by genome-wide screening based on genomic information on Arabidopsis. Tunicamycin and other reagents activating the ER stress response induced transcripts of AtbZIP60. From these results, we predicted that AtbZIP60 plays a role in the ER stress response. Because the expression profile of AtbZIP60 was close to that of BiP, induction of AtbZIP60 transcript was not considered to be the first trigger of activation for BiP expression. Instead, it was assumed that a conformational change of AtbZIP60 activates the expression of chaperone genes, such as BiP. This prediction was based on the fact that AtbZIP60 contains a putative TMD like that of ATF6 in mammalian cells. Specifically, it was hypothesized that AtbZIP60 is converted to a soluble form by ER stress and becomes localized to the nucleus, resulting in the activation of chaperone genes. Indeed, a truncated form of ...
Transmembrane leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors are commonly used innate immune receptors in plants and animals but can also sense endogenous signals to regulate development. BAK1 is a plant LRR-receptor-like kinase (RLK) that interacts with several ligand-binding LRR-RLKs to positively regulate their functions. BAK1 is involved in brassinosteroid-dependent growth and development, innate immunity, and cell-death control by interacting with the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, immune receptors, such as FLS2 and EFR, and the small receptor kinase BIR1, respectively.. ...
Cyclome: Arabidopsis Cyclome Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Marker, EST, MPSS, SAGE, miRNA, sRNA, Arabidopsis Tiling Array and Gene Expression Data. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model system for identifying genes and determining their functions. Here we report the analysis of the genomic sequence of Arabidopsis. The sequenced regions cover 115.4 megabases of the 125-megabase genome and extend into centromeric regions. …
TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AU - Kaul, Samir. AU - Koo, Hean L.. AU - Jenkins, Jennifer. AU - Rizzo, Michael. AU - Rooney, Timothy. AU - Tallon, Luke J.. AU - Feldblyum, Tamara. AU - Nierman, William. AU - Benito, Maria Ines. AU - Lin, Xiaoying. AU - Town, Christopher D.. AU - Venter, J. Craig. AU - Fraser, Claire M.. AU - Tabata, Satoshi. AU - Nakamura, Yasukazu. AU - Kaneko, Takakazu. AU - Sato, Shusei. AU - Asamizu, Erika. AU - Kato, Tomohiko. AU - Kotani, Hirokazu. AU - Sasamoto, Shigemi. AU - Ecker, Joseph R.. AU - Theologis, Athanasios. AU - Federspiel, Nancy A.. AU - Palm, Curtis J.. AU - Osborne, Brian I.. AU - Shinn, Paul. AU - Dewar, Ken. AU - Kim, Christopher J.. AU - Buehler, Eugen. AU - Dunn, Patrick. AU - Chao, Qimin. AU - Chen, Huaming. AU - Theologis, Athanasios. AU - Osborne, Brian I.. AU - Vysotskaia, Valentina S.. AU - Lenz, Catherine A.. AU - Kim, Christopher J.. AU - Hansen, Nancy F.. AU - Liu, Shirley ...
Description of disease Arabidopsis thaliana. Treatment Arabidopsis thaliana. Symptoms and causes Arabidopsis thaliana Prophylaxis Arabidopsis thaliana
TY - JOUR. T1 - Formate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana. T2 - Overexpression and subcellular localization in leaves. AU - Herman, Patricia L.. AU - Ramberg, Håkon. AU - Baack, Renee D.. AU - Markwell, John. AU - Osterman, John C.. PY - 2002/12/1. Y1 - 2002/12/1. N2 - Formate dehydrogenase (FDH; EC 1.2.1.2) is a NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide in the mitochondria of higher plants. Sequence analyses and other preliminary experiments suggested that FDH might also be targeted to the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species. In the present study, transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants that overexpress Arabidopsis FDH were produced. The FDH specific activity in the leaf tissue of the transgenic plants increased an average of 4.5-fold for Arabidopsis and 31.5-fold for tobacco. Immunodetection and enzyme assays of intact chloroplasts fractionated from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants suggested that Arabidopsis FDH is ...
The TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) locus controls many apparently unrelated characters of Arabidopsis (catalogued by Koornneef, 1981), several of which appear to be confined to the epidermal cell layer of different tissues. ttg1 mutants have a glabrous phenotype, possessing none of the leaf or stem hairs (trichomes) that normally are derived from the meristematic L1 cell layer. Purple anthocyanin pigments are absent from the ttg1 seed coat, causing the transparent testa phenotype in which the yellow cotyledons are visible through the testa. In wild-type plants, anthocyanins are present in the hypocotyl of seedlings and in the stem and leaves of plants as they age, and they are inducible by many forms of stress, including high light, poor nutrients, or water stress. ttg1 mutants completely lack anthocyanins in the epidermis and in subepidermal layers of leaves and stems. Mucilage normally found in the cell wall of the seed coat is absent in ttg1 mutants. Seeds of ttg1 plants do not require ...
calphotos.berkeley.edu. Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) is a flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae which contains economically important brassica and mustard species. Arabidopsis thaliana was the first plant to have its genome sequenced. Arabidopsis thaliana is not of economic value itself, but has risen to prominence because of its small size, short generation time and small genome, which make it an ideal plant to use for research. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has a haploid chromosome number of 5, containing 135 Mb with 32,000 protein-coding genes. The reference proteome is derived from the genome sequence published in 2000 for the ecotype Columbia (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v408/n6814/full/408796a0.html). ...
Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are plant signaling molecules that affect plant growth and gene expression. Primary root growth of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was inhibited 50% when seedlings were grown on agar medium containing 0.1 M MeJA. An ethyl methanesulfonate mutant (jar1) with decreased sensitivity to MeJA inhibition of root elongation was isolated and characterized. Genetic data indicated the trait was recessive and controlled by a single Mendelian factor. MeJA-induced polypeptides were detected in Arabidopsis leaves by antiserum to a MeJA-inducible vegetative storage protein from soybean. The induction of these proteins by MeJA in the mutant was at least 4-fold less in jar1 compared to wild type. In contrast, seeds of jar1 plants were more sensitive than wild type to inhibition of germination by abscisic acid. These results suggest that the defect in jar1 affects a general jasmonate response pathway, which may regulate multiple genes in ...
Zea mays MATH-BTB protein (ZmMAB1) has been shown to have a role in regulation and proper asimetric cell divisions during the male and female gametophyte development. Its role has been demonstrated in proteasomal degradation as part of a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. ZmMAB1 gene expression in Zea mays is precisely regulated, and the protein product is a short-lived protein. Therefore ZmMAB1 gene expression research in a homolougus system is difficult. Cullin is a structural component of many E3 ligases. It has been shown that Cul3a protein from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. forms complexes with MAB1 from Zea mays, so Arabidopsis thaliana has been chosen for expression regulation research of MAB1 in a heterologous system. For the cause of better understanding the role and regulation of ZmMAB1 protein, GFP florescent protein labeled ZmMAB1 protein has been inserted in the genome of A. thaliana with bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Goal of this thesis was to determine on which level of ...
Seeds of Arabidopsis contain ~40% of triacylglycerol. It is converted to sugar to support post germination growth. We identified an Arabidopsis T-DNA knockout mutant that was sugar dependent during early seedling establishment. Our study showed that the β-oxidation process involved in catabolising the free fatty acids released from the seed triacylglycerol was impaired in this mutant. This mutant was confirmed to be transcriptional null for the Protein Acyl Transferase 15, AtPAT15 (At5g04270), one of the 24 protein acyl transferases in Arabidopsis. Although it is the shortest AtPAT15 contains the signature Asp-His-His-Cys cysteine rich domain which is essential for the enzyme activity of this family of proteins. The function of AtPAT15 was validated because it rescued the growth defect of the yeast protein acyl transferase mutant akr1 and it was also auto-acylated in vitro. Transient expression of AtPAT15 in Arabidopsis and tobacco localized AtPAT15 in the Golgi apparatus. Taken together, our ...
Plants are exposed to many environmental stresses that affect their growth and development. These stresses include biotic stresses (via organisms) and abiotic stresses (via environment). Plants respond to these stresses by transcriptional reprogramming and different signaling pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana has shown great sensitivity to the biotic stress Botrytis cinerea. The WRKY33 gene plays an important role in plant defense mechanism against this pathogen. The overall goal is to identify common regulated genes of wrky33 mutant and 35S:WRKY33 over expressing transgenic lines in response to B. cinerea; ultimately to improve plant stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. The specific aims are to: (1) identify Arabidopsis regulated genes in response to B. cinerea infection; (2) determine common up- and down-regulated genes in response to B. cinerea infection in Arabidopsis wrky33 mutant and 35S:WRKY33 overexpression lines; and (3) characterize the function of the common genes in response to B. cinerea. To
In the year 2000, the first complete nuclear genome of a plant species - Arabidopsis thaliana - was released into the wild (a.k.a to bunch of salivating scientists). Less than twenty years later, we had a total of 1135 genomes… for Arabidopsis alone! Today were talking about Arabidopsis races, and how they are a powerful tool for unravelling plant secrets.. Arabidopsis likely diverged from its closest relative about 10 million years ago, and the invasive weed has since spread through Northern Eurasia. In the literally millions of years following, the species diversified into hundreds of race-like ecotypes: populations of plants that have settled in, and then adapted to, certain geological areas. While there has been some cross-talk (i.e, cross breeding) between the ecotypes, there has also been a whole lot of time spent alone - leading to evolution of traits that can differ from one ecotype to the next. Arabidopsis ecotypes (also called accessions) can differ from each other in their size, ...
The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) regulates the development and fertility of Arabidopsis flowers. The mature flowers of GA-deficient mutant plants typically exhibit reduced elongation growth of petals and stamens. In addition, GA-deficiency blocks anther development, resulting in male sterility. Previous analyses have shown that GA promotes the elongation of plant organs by opposing the function of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors. However, it was not clear that the DELLA proteins are involved in the GA-regulation of stamen and anther development. We show that GA regulates cell elongation rather than cell division during Arabidopsis stamen filament elongation. In addition, GA regulates the cellular developmental pathway of anthers leading from microspore to mature pollen grain. Genetic analysis shows that the Arabidopsis DELLA proteins RGA and RGL2 jointly repress petal, stamen and anther development in GA-deficient plants, and that this function is enhanced by RGL1 ...
Arabidopsis thaliana + , Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. + , Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) + , Arbisopsis thaliana + , mouse-ear cress + , thale cress + , thale-cress + ...
Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) Col-0 was inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi to assess the interaction and defence responses involved. Pathogen ingress and asexual reproduction occurred on root tissue but not leaf tissue. The colonisation of root tissue did not cause disease symptoms or plant death, indicating that Arabidopsis Col-0 was tolerant of the infection. The induction of several plant defence responses including the expression of defence-related genes were found, with differences displayed between inoculated root and leaf tissue. Arabidopsis defence-related gene mutant/over-expressing lines were also inoculated with P. cinnamomi but none of the lines tested exhibited a marked increase in susceptibility to the pathogen ...
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Mitochondria depend on a nucleus-encoded transcription machinery to express their genome. The present study examined the transcription of mitochondrial genes by two nucleus-encoded phage-type RNA polymerases, RpoTm and RpoTmp, in the plant Arabidopsis. For selected mitochondrial genes in Arabidopsis, transcription initiation sites were determined. Most genes were found to possess multiple promoters. The identified promoters displayed diverse sequence elements and mostly deviated from a nonanucleotide consensus derived previously for dicot mitochondrial promoters. Several promoters were detected that activate transcription of presumably non-functional sequences. Promoter architecture, distribution and utilization suggest a non-stringent control of transcription initiation in Arabidopsis mitochondria. An in vitro transcription system was set up to elucidate the roles of RpoTm and RpoTmp. Since RpoT enzymes possibly require auxiliary factors, the Arabidopsis genome was screened for potential ...
Most legume plants can form nodules, specialized lateral organs that form on roots, and house nitrogen-fixing bacteria collectively called rhizobia. The uptake of the phytohormone auxin into cells is known to be crucial for development of lateral roots. To test the role of auxin influx in nodulation we used the auxin influx inhibitors 1-naphthoxyacetic acid (1-NOA) and 2-NOA, which we found reduced nodulation of Medicago truncatula. This suggested the possible involvement of the AUX/LAX family of auxin influx transporters in nodulation. Gene expression studies identified MtLAX2, a paralogue of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AUX1, as being induced at early stages of nodule development. MtLAX2 is expressed in nodule primordia, the vasculature of developing nodules, and at the apex of mature nodules. The MtLAX2 promoter contains several auxin response elements, and treatment with indole-acetic acid strongly induces MtLAX2 expression in roots. mtlax2 mutants displayed root phenotypes similar to ...
EN] The plant endosomal trafficking pathway controls the abundance of membrane-associated soluble proteins, as shown for abscisic acid (ABA) receptors of the PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1/PYR1-LIKE/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS (PYR/PYL/RCAR) family. ABA receptor targeting for vacuolar degradation occurs through the late endosome route and depends on FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING1 (FYVE1) and VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING23A (VPS23A), components of the ENDOSOMAL SORTING COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT-I (ESCRT-I) complexes. FYVE1 and VPS23A interact with ALG-2 INTERACTING PROTEIN-X (ALIX), an ESCRT-III-associated protein, although the functional relevance of such interactions and their consequences in cargo sorting are unknown. In this study we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ALIX directly binds to ABA receptors in late endosomes, promoting their degradation. Impaired ALIX function leads to altered endosomal localization and increased accumulation of ABA receptors. ...
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, http://arabidopsis.org) is the model organism database for the fully sequenced and intensively studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data in TAIR is derived in large part from manual curation of the Arabidopsis research literature and direct submission …
We generated fusions between three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs; alpha-, gamma-, and delta-TIP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). We also produced soluble reporters consisting of the monomeric red fluorescent protein (RFP) and either the C-terminal vacuolar sorting signal of phaseolin or the sequence-specific sorting signal of proricin. In transgenic Arabidopsis leaves, mature roots, and root tips, all TIP fusions localized to the tonoplast of the central vacuole and both of the lumenal RFP reporters were found within TIP-delimited vacuoles. In embryos from developing, mature, and germinating seeds, all three TIPs localized to the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles. To determine the temporal TIP expression patterns and to rule out mistargeting due to overexpression, we generated plants expressing YFP fused to the complete genomic sequences of the three TIP isoforms. In transgenic Arabidopsis, gamma-TIP expression was limited to vegetative tissues, ...
We report here an efficient method for targeted mutagenesis of Arabidopsis genes through regulated expression of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs)-enzymes engineered to create DNA double-strand breaks at specific target loci. ZFNs recognizing the Arabidopsis ADH1 and TT4 genes were made by Oligomerized Pool ENgineering (OPEN)-a publicly available, selection-based platform that yields high quality zinc finger arrays. The ADH1 and TT4 ZFNs were placed under control of an estrogen-inducible promoter and introduced into Arabidopsis plants by floral-dip transformation. Primary transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings induced to express the ADH1 or TT4 ZFNs exhibited somatic mutation frequencies of 7% or 16%, respectively. The induced mutations were typically insertions or deletions (1-142 bp) that were localized at the ZFN cleavage site and likely derived from imprecise repair of chromosome breaks by nonhomologous end-joining. Mutations were transmitted to the next generation for 69% of primary transgenics expressing the
A prime example of across organisms and borderless scientific activities in IIGB was achieved by Thomas Eulgem and Karine Le Roch, with a well-executed collaboration bringing together researchers working in very different areas of genome biology. The project was initiated in Thomas Eulgems lab as the PI on the critical roles of the chromatin-associated Arabidopsis thaliana protein EDM2 in coordinating plant immune responses. Karine Le Rochs group contributed expertise and experience on epigenome profiling to the study.. The PLOS Genetics paper, The Arabidopsis PHD-finger protein EDM2 has multiple roles in balancing NLR immune receptor gene expression, can be viewed here.. ...
Forward genetics approaches are not popularly applied in non-model plants due to their complex genomes, long life cycles, backward genetic studies etc. Researchers have to adopt reverse genetic methods to characterize gene functions in non-model plants individually, the efficiency of which is usually low. In this study, we report a gain-of-function in Arabidopsis (GAINA) strategy which can be used for batch identification of functional genes in a plant species. This strategy aims to obtain the gain-of-function of rubber tree genes through overexpressing transformation ready full-length cDNA libraries in Arabidopsis. An initial transformation test produced about two thousand independent transgenic Arabidopsis lines, in which multiple obvious aberrant phenotypes were observed, suggesting the gain-of-function of rubber tree genes. The transferred genes were further isolated and identified. One gene identified to be metallothionein-like protein type 3 gene was further transferred into Arabidopsis and
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic analysis of osmotic and cold stress signal transduction in Arabidopsis. T2 - Interactions and convergence of abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways. AU - Ishitani, Manabu. AU - Xiong, Liming. AU - Stevenson, Becky. AU - Zhu, Jian Kang. PY - 1997/11/1. Y1 - 1997/11/1. N2 - To dissect genetically the complex network of osmotic and cold stress signaling, we constructed lines of Arabidopsis plants displaying bioluminescence in response to low temperature, drought, salinity, and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). This was achieved by introducing into Arabidopsis plants a chimeric gene construct consisting of the firefly luciferase coding sequence (LUC) under the control of the stress-responsive RD29A promoter. LUC activity in the transgenic plants, as assessed by using in vivo luminescence imaging, faithfully reports the expression of the endogenous RD29A gene. A large number of cos (for constitutive expression of osmotically responsive genes), los ...
Read Isolation and Gene Expression Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants With Constitutive Expression of ATL2, an Early Elicitor-Response RING-H2 Zinc-Finger Gene, Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Phytohormones auxins play an important role in plant growth development and abiotic stress responses. The active auxin may be released from the amino acid conjugates by the action of auxin-amidohydrolase enzymes, which thereby participate in the auxin homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of auxin-amidohydrolase AtILL2 from Arabidopsis thaliana in the plant response to salinity and osmotic stress. Four homozygous lines of A. thaliana ecotypes Ws of potential overexpressors for AtILL2 fusion protein with GFP and / or His tags were analyzed. The presence of transgene was verified as insertion into DNA, RNA transcript, and recombinant protein by using PCR, RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE, affinity chromatography and western-hybridization assay. In three lines, the presence of transgene in genomic DNA and RNA transcript was confirmed, although the recombinant protein was not demonstrated in any of the lines. Root growth bioassay confirmed the increased resistance of one line to the ...
MADS domain transcription factors play important roles in various developmental processes in flowering plants. Members of this family play a prominent role in the transition to flowering and the specification of floral organ identity. Several studies reported mRNA expression patterns of the genes encoding these MADS domain proteins, however, these studies do not provide the necessary information on the temporal and spatial localisation of the proteins. We have made GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) translational fusions with the four MADS domain proteins SEPALLATA3, AGAMOUS, FRUITFULL and APETALA1 from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and analysed the protein localisation patterns in living plant tissues by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We unravelled the protein localisation patterns of the four MADS domain proteins at a cellular and subcellular level in inflorescence and floral meristems, during development of the early flower bud stages, and during further differentiation of the floral
Guazatine is a potent inhibitor of polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity. In agriculture, guazatine is used as non-systemic contact fungicide efficient in the protection of cereals and citrus fruits against disease. The composition of guazatine is complex, mainly constituted by a mixture of synthetic guanidated polyamines (polyaminoguanidines). Here, we have studied the effects from exposure to guazatine in the weed Arabidopsis thaliana. We report that micromolar concentrations of guazatine are sufficient to inhibit growth of Arabidopsis seedlings and induce chlorosis, whereas germination is barely affected. We observed the occurrence of quantitative variation in the response to guazatine between 107 randomly chosen Arabidopsis accessions. This enabled us to undertake genome-wide association (GWA) mapping that identified a locus on chromosome one associated with guazatine tolerance. CHLOROPHYLLASE 1 (CLH1) within this locus was studied as candidate gene, together with its paralog (CLH2). The analysis ...
It has been more than 50 years since Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was first introduced as a model organism to understand basic processes in plant biology. A well-organized scientific community has used this small reference plant species to make numerous fundamental plant biology discoveries (Provart et al., 2016). Due to an extremely well-annotated genome and advances in high-throughput sequencing, our understanding of this organism and other plant species has become even more intricate and complex. Computational resources, including CyVerse,3 Araport,4 The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR),5 and BAR,6 have further facilitated novel findings with just the click of a mouse. As we move toward understanding biological systems, Arabidopsis researchers will need to use more quantitative and computational approaches to extract novel biological findings from these data. Here, we discuss guidelines, skill sets, and core competencies that should be considered when developing curricula or ...