TY - JOUR. T1 - Decreased lipases and fatty acid and glycerol transporter could explain reduced fat in diabetic morbidly obese. AU - Ferrer, Roser. AU - Pardina, Eva. AU - Rossell, Joana. AU - Baena-Fustegueras, Juan Antonio. AU - Lecube, Albert. AU - Balibrea, José María. AU - Caubet, Enric. AU - González, Oscar. AU - Vilallonga, Ramón. AU - Fort, Jose Manuel. AU - Peinado-Onsurbe, Julia. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - © 2014 The Obesity Society. Objective: The possible differences were investigated in 32 morbidly obese patients depending on whether they were healthy or had dyslipidemia and/or type 2 diabetes. Methods: Lipid metabolism and insulin resistance were analyzed in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) before and during 6 and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Results: Significant differences have been found in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activities in SAT from the different obese group versus normal weight (control) but ...

Aquaglyceroporins-aquaporin membrane channels (AQP) that conduct glycerol and other small neutral solutes in addition to water-play major roles in obesity. In adipocytes, aquaglyceroporins mediate glycerol uptake and release across the plasma membrane, which are two key steps for triacylglycerols (TAGs) synthesis (lipogenesis) and hydrolysis (lipolysis). The aim of this study was to assess both glycerol permeability and metabolism in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells (UDCs) as well as in untreated (CTL-DCs) versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS-DCs)-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Glycerol release, TAGs content and whole membrane glycerol permeability were significantly increased in DCs as compared to UDCs. Moreover, in DCs, LPS treatment significantly increased TAGs content and decreased glycerol permeability. In addition, a significant reduction in whole membrane glycerol permeability was observed in LPS-DCs as compared to CTL-DCs. The relative contributions of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP9 (facilitated

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Background Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. May contribute to water transport in the upper portion of small intestine. Isoform 2 is not permeable to urea and...

Glycerol-3-phosphate ABC transporter, permease protein UgpA (TC 3.A.1.1.3; K17321 glycerol transport system substrate-binding ...

AQP2 is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidneys collecting duct principal cells and in intracellular vesicles located throughout the cell. It is the only aquaporin regulated by vasopressin. The basic job of aquaporin 2 is to reabsorb water from the urine while its being removed from the blood by the kidney. Aquaporin 2 is in kidney epithelial cells and usually lies dormant in intracellular vesicle membranes. When it is needed, vasopressin binds to the cell surface vasopressin receptor thereby activating a signaling pathway that causes the aquaporin 2 containing vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane, so the aquaporin 2 can be used by the cell. This aquaporin is regulated in two ways by the peptide hormone vasopressin: short-term regulation (minutes) through trafficking of AQP2 vesicles to the apical region where they fuse with the apical plasma membrane long-term regulation (days) through an increase in AQP2 gene expression. This aquaporin is also regulated by food intake. Fasting ...

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Aquaporin 4 is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal collecting duct cells and provide a pathway for water to exit these cells. AQP4 is constitutively expressed. AQP4 is expressed in astrocytes and are upregulated by direct insult to the central nervous system. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Aquaporin water channels - From atomic structure to clinical medicine. AU - Agre, Peter. AU - King, Landon S.. AU - Yasui, Masato. AU - Guggino, Wm B.. AU - Ottersen, Ole Petter. AU - Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori. AU - Engel, Andreas. AU - Nielsen, Søren. PY - 2002/7/1. Y1 - 2002/7/1. N2 - The water permeability of biological membranes has been a longstanding problem in physiology, but the proteins responsible for this remained unknown until discovery of the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel protein. AQP1 is selectively permeated by water driven by osmotic gradients. The atomic structure of human AQP1 has recently been defined. Each subunit of the tetramer contains an individual aqueous pore that permits single-file passage of water molecules but interrupts the hydrogen bonding needed for passage of protons. At least 10 mammalian aquaporins have been identified, and these are selectively permeated by water (aquaporins) or water plus glycerol (aquaglyceroporins). The sites of expression ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression and subcellular localization of aquaporin water channels in the polarized hepatocyte cell line, WIF-B. AU - Gradilone, Sergio A.. AU - Tietz, Pamela S.. AU - Splinter, Patrick L.. AU - Marinelli, Raúl A.. AU - LaRusso, Nicholas F.. PY - 2005/8/18. Y1 - 2005/8/18. N2 - Background: Recent data suggest that canalicular bile secretion involves selective expression and coordinated regulation of aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channels proteins. In order to further characterize the role of AQPs in this process, an in vitro cell system with retained polarity and expression of AQPs and relevant solute transporters involved in bile formation is highly desirable. The WIF-B cell line is a highly differentiated and polarized rat hepatoma/human fibroblast hybrid, which forms abundant bile canalicular structures. This cell line has been reported to be a good in vitro model for studying hepatocyte polarity. Results: Using RT-PCR, immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence, ...

Transmembrane glycerol transport is an ancient biophysical property that evolved in selected subfamilies of water channel (aquaporin) proteins. Here, we conducted broad level genome (,550) and transcriptome (,300) analyses to unravel the duplication history of the glycerol-transporting channels (glps) in Deuterostomia. We found that tandem duplication (TD) was the major mechanism of gene expansion in echinoderms and hemichordates, which, together with whole genome duplications (WGD) in the chordate lineage, continued to shape the genomic repertoires in craniates. Molecular phylogenies indicated that aqp3-like and aqp13-like channels were the probable stem subfamilies in craniates, with WGD generating aqp9 and aqp10 in gnathostomes but aqp7 arising through TD in Osteichthyes. We uncovered separate examples of gene translocations, gene conversion, and concerted evolution in humans, teleosts, and starfishes, with DNA transposons the likely drivers of gene rearrangements in paleotetraploid ...

Semantic Scholar extracted view of Aquaporin water channels in liver: their significance in bile formation. by Raúl Alberto Marinelli et al.

Aquaporin (AQP) 6 belongs to the aquaporin water channel family. Unlike other aquaporins, AQP6 functions not as a water channel but as an anion-selective channel. Single-channel analyses have shown AQP6 to flicker rapidly ...

Aquaporin (AQP) 6 belongs to the aquaporin water channel family. Unlike other aquaporins, AQP6 functions not as a water channel but as an anion-selective channel. Single-channel analyses have shown AQP6 to flicker rapidly ...

We recently demonstrated that the aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs) could act as potent transporters for orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4). Although interesting, this finding raised the question of whether water and H4SiO4, the transportable form of Si, permeate AQGPs by interacting with the same region of the pore, especially in view of the difference in molecular radius between the two substrates. Here, our goal was to identify residues that endow the AQGPs with the ability to facilitate Si diffusion by examining the transport characteristics of mutants in which residues were interchanged between a water-permeable but Si-impermeable channel (aquaporin 1 [AQP1]) and a Si-permeable but water-impermeable channel (AQP10). Our results indicate that the composition of the arginine filter (XX/R), known to include three residues that play an important role in water transport, may also be involved in Si selectivity. Interchanging the identities of the nonarginine residues within this filter causes Si transport to ...

Resveratrol and gallic acid were co-loaded in phospholipid vesicles aiming at protecting the skin from external injuries, such as oxidative stress and microbial infections. Liposomes were prepared using biocompatible phospholipids dispersed in water. To improve vesicle stability and applicability, the phospholipids and the phenols were dispersed in water/propylene glycol or water/glycerol, thus obtaining PEVs and glycerosomes, respectively. The vesicles were characterized by size, morphology, physical stability, and their therapeutic efficacy was investigated in vitro. The vesicles were spherical, unilamellar and small in size: liposomes and glycerosomes were around 70 nm in diameter, while PEVs were larger (∼170 nm). The presence of propylene glycol or glycerol increased the viscosity of the vesicle systems, positively affecting their stability. The ability of the vesicles to promote the accumulation of the phenols (especially gallic acid) in the skin was demonstrated, as well as their ...

Zn metal is considered as one of the most promising anodes for aqueous high-energy batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, abundant resource, and low toxicity. However, Zn metal anodes (ZMAs) still suffer from a few challenging problems such as low irreversibility and dendrite growth during plating/stripping. In this study, we identify and quantify the composition of inactive Zn responsible for capacity loss, which shows that it contains 57 mol% of unreacted Zn and 43 mol% Zn-containing byproducts. Based on this quantitative result, we developed an environmentally friendly water/glycerol hybrid electrolyte, which enable the dendrite-free plating/stripping of Zn with a high coulombic efficiency of 97.6% over 500 cycles. A symmetric Zn‖Zn cell can be repeatedly plated/stripped for more than 1500 h at 1 mA cm . Glycerol can suppress the side reactions caused by water in the hybrid electrolyte because of the strong binding interactions between glycerol and the Zn metal. The

Aquaporin 1: Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.

Aquaporin A/S is a global cleantech company located in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. Aquaporin is dedicated to revolutionizing water purification through the use of industrial biotechn

Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) is a water channel protein. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). Aquaporin 8 mRNA is found in pancreas and colon but not other tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

Plasma Membrane Abundance of Human Aquaporin 5 Is Dynamically Regulated by Multiple Pathways. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

The researchers showed that this technique was successful in monitoring gene expression in a brain tumor in mice. After implanting the tumor, they gave the mice a drug to trigger the tumor cells to express the aquaporin reporter gene, which made the tumor look darker in MRI images.. Overexpression of aquaporin has no negative impact on cells because it is exclusive to water and simply allows the molecules to go back and forth across the cell membrane, Shapiro says. Under normal physiological conditions the number of water molecules entering and exiting an aquaporin-expressing cell is the same, so that the total amount of water in each cell does not change. Aquaporin is a very convenient way to genetically change the way that cells look under MRI.. Though the work was done in mice, it has the potential for clinical translation, according to Shapiro. Aquaporin is a naturally occurring gene and will not cause an immune reaction. Previously developed reporter genes for MRI have been much more ...

C. elegans AQP-4 protein; contains similarity to Pfam domain PF00230 (Major intrinsic protein)contains similarity to Interpro domains IPR000425 (Major intrinsic protein), IPR012269 (Aquaporin ...

collections, groups of modules structured into books or course notes, or for other uses. Our open license allows for free use and reuse of all our content. ...

Stahlberg, H.; Braun, T.; de Groot, B. L.; Philippsen, A.; Borgnia, M. J.; Agre, P.; Kuehlbrandt, W.; Engel, A.: The 6.9Å Structure of GlpF: A Basis for Homology Modeling of the Glycerol Channel from Escherichia coli. Journal of Structural Biology 132, pp. 133 - 141 (2000 ...

Marinelli RA, Pham L, Agre P, La Russo NF. Secretin promotes osmotic water transport in rat cholangiocytes by incresing aquaporin-1 water channels in plasma membrane. Evidence for a secretin-induced vesicular translocation of aquaporin-1. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 12984-12988 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Conditional osmotic stress in yeast. T2 - a system to study transport through aquaglyceroporins and osmostress signaling. AU - Karlgren, Sara. AU - Pettersson, Nina. AU - Nordlander, Bodil. AU - Mathai, John C.. AU - Brodsky, Jeffrey L.. AU - Zeidel, Mark L.. AU - Bill, Roslyn M.. AU - Hohmann, Stefan. N1 - © 2005 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.. PY - 2005/2/25. Y1 - 2005/2/25. N2 - The accumulation and transport of solutes are hallmarks of osmoadaptation. In this study we have employed the inability of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gpd1Δ gpd2Δ mutant both to produce glycerol and to adapt to high osmolarity to study solute transport through aquaglyceroporins and the control of osmostress-induced signaling. High levels of different polyols, including glycerol, inhibited growth of the gpd1Δ gpd2Δ mutant. This growth inhibition was suppressed by expression of the hyperactive allele Fps1-AΔ of the osmogated yeast aquaglyceroporin, Fps1. The ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of Aquaporin 0 in lens biomechanics. AU - Sindhu Kumari, S.. AU - Gupta, Neha. AU - Shiels, Alan. AU - FitzGerald, Paul G. AU - Menon, Anil G.. AU - Mathias, Richard T.. AU - Varadaraj, Kulandaiappan. PY - 2015/4/19. Y1 - 2015/4/19. N2 - Abstract Maintenance of proper biomechanics of the eye lens is important for its structural integrity and for the process of accommodation to focus near and far objects. Several studies have shown that specialized cytoskeletal systems such as the beaded filament (BF) and spectrin-actin networks contribute to mammalian lens biomechanics; mutations or deletion in these proteins alters lens biomechanics. Aquaporin 0 (AQP0), which constitutes ∼45% of the total membrane proteins of lens fiber cells, has been shown to function as a water channel and a structural cell-to-cell adhesion (CTCA) protein. Our recent ex vivo study on AQP0 knockout (AQP0 KO) mouse lenses showed the CTCA function of AQP0 could be crucial for establishing the refractive ...

After producing a recombinant form of AqpZ in E. coli, the proteins were crystallized--capturing five water molecules inside--and then analyzed by state-of-the-art high-resolution X-ray diffraction techniques. The architecture of aquaporin Z is typical of aquaporins, with a spiral of eight oxygens providing water-binding sites inside the channel. The outer membrane and cytoplasmic ends of the channel are wider than the interior, which is long and narrow. This structure demonstrates that aquaporin selectivity arises in part from erecting a physical barrier: small molecules, like water, can easily pass, but larger ones simply cant fit. And the strategic positioning of amino acid residues with hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties along the channel helps police the influx of molecules based on their affinity for water. While it seems two amino acid chains located in the middle of the channel also provide a water-friendly surface, Stroud et al. say they play a more intriguing role. Noting that the ...

Aquaporins facilitate the diffusion of water across cell membranes. We previously showed that acid pH or low Ca2+ increase the water permeability of bovine AQP0

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

Aqp4 - Aqp4 (untagged) - Mouse aquaporin 4 (cDNA clone MGC:37514 IMAGE:4985265), (10ug) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Aquaporin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP5 gene. Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a water channel protein. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). Aquaporin 5 plays a role in the generation of saliva, tears and pulmonary secretions. AQP0, AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are closely related and all map to 12q13. Aquaporin GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000161798 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044217 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. Mouse PubMed Reference:. Lee MD, Bhakta KY, Raina S, Yonescu R, Griffin CA, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Preston GM, Agre P (Jun 1996). The human Aquaporin-5 gene. Molecular characterization and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem. 271 (15): 8599-604. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.15.8599. PMID 8621489. Entrez Gene: AQP5 aquaporin 5. Verkman AS (2003). Role of aquaporin water channels in eye function. Exp. Eye Res. 76 (2): 137-43. ...

With Aquaporin Inside™ Reverse Osmosis membranes, water treatment can be done with lower energy consumption compared to conventional membrane technology. The benefit comes from the aquaporin proteins which are very efficient in transporting water. This enables the water treatment plant to increase the capacity of treated wastewater without increasing the energy consumption, or remaining at the same capacity level while lowering the energy consumption. At the same time, Aquaporin membranes has the potential to remove also small, neutral compounds such as micro pollutants/trace organics, improving re-use water quality.. Aquaporin Inside™ Forward Osmosis ...

Looking for online definition of Aquaporin1 or what Aquaporin1 stands for? Aquaporin1 is listed in the Worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms

In starvation, glycerol is released from adipose tissue and serves as an important precursor for hepatic gluconeogenesis. By unknown gender-specific mechanisms, women suppress the endogenous glucose production better than men and respond to metabolic stress with higher plasma glycerol levels. Hepatic glycerol uptake is facilitated by aquaporin-9 (AQP9), a broad-selectivity neutral solute channel, and represents an insulin-regulated step in supplying gluconeogenesis with glycerol. In the current study, hepatic AQP9 abundance was increased 2.6-fold in starved male rats as assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. By contrast, starvation had no significant effect on hepatic AQP9 expression in female rats. Coordinately, plasma glycerol levels remained unchanged upon starvation in male rats whereas it was increased in female rats. The different responses to starvation were paralleled by higher glycerol permeability in basolateral hepatocyte membranes from starved male rats as compared to ...

Aquaporin membrane protein, molecular model. Computer illustration showing the structure of a molecule of the human aquaporin 1 protein (blue, and white ribbon). Aquaporins are membrane proteins that form channels (centre) that help water molecules (red and white spheres) pass in and out of cells. Unlike ion channels, aquaporins help prevent ions and other dissolved substances carrying electrical charge from entering the cell, as they only allow lone water molecules or certain uncharged solutes to pass through. This helps maintain the electrochemical potential of the cell membrane. - Stock Image C035/5236

Müller glial cells are important regulators of physiological function of retina. In a model disease of retinal inflammation and spontaneous recurrent uveitis in horses (ERU), we could show that retinal Müller glial cells significantly change potassium and water channel protein expression during autoimmune pathogenesis. The most significantly changed channel protein in neuroinflammatory ERU was aquaporin 11 (AQP11). Aquaporins (AQP, 13 members) are important regulators of water and small solute transport through membranes. AQP11 is an unorthodox member of this family and was assigned to a third group of AQPs because of its difference in amino acid sequence (conserved sequence is only 11 %) and especially its largely unknown function. In order to gain insight into the distribution, localization, and function of AQP11 in the retina, we first developed a novel monoclonal antibody for AQP11 enabling quantification, localization, and functional studies. In the horse retina, AQP11 was exclusively expressed

Transmembrane glycerol transport is an ancient biophysical property that evolved in selected subfamilies of water channel (aquaporin) proteins. Here, we conducted broad level genome (,550) and transcriptome (,300) analyses ...

I think it will be found that aquaporin 3 will be the item of interest (1).. Aquaporin 3 is found in normal skeletal myofibres (2).. I suspect it will be found that the problem is not a mutation, but something interfering with the normal proper function of the aqp3 channels.. Aquaporin 3 is, in addition to being a water channel, also an arsenic transporter.. Arsenic has been implicated in Alzheimers in at least a few instances. For example, this statement appears in Reference 3 below:. Arsenic can induce apoptosis in cortical neurons of rats. This process is based on the activation of JNK3 and p38 MAPK by arsenic...[which] can activate p38 MAPK and JNK3..... And the title of the last paper speaks for itself: Arsenic exposure may be a risk factor for Alzheimers disease.. ...

Kit contents: 1. MICROTITER PLATE * 1 2. ENZYME CONJUGATE*1 vial 3. STANDARD A*1 vial 4. STANDARD B*1 vial 5. STANDARD C*1 vial 6. STANDARD D*1 vial 7. STANDARD E*1 vial 8. STANDARD F*1 vial 9. SUBSTRATE A*1 vial 10. SUBSTRATE B*1 vial 11. STOP ...

Kit contents: 1. MICROTITER PLATE * 1 2. ENZYME CONJUGATE*1 vial 3. STANDARD A*1 vial 4. STANDARD B*1 vial 5. STANDARD C*1 vial 6. STANDARD D*1 vial 7. STANDARD E*1 vial 8. STANDARD F*1 vial 9. SUBSTRATE A*1 vial 10. SUBSTRATE B*1 vial 11. STOP ...

Polyclonal antibody for AQUAPORIN 3/AQP3 detection. Host: Rabbit.Size: 100μg/vial. Tested applications: IHC-P. Reactive species: Human. AQUAPORIN 3/AQP3 information: Molecular Weight: 31544 MW; Subcellular Localization: Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pa

Aquaporin 10 antibody, C-term (aquaporin 10) for WB. Anti-Aquaporin 10 pAb (GTX45889) is tested in Human samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

Purpose: The expression of aquaporin water channel genes are shown to be affected in several pathological conditions of retina, such as in diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia and in autoimmune uveitis. Human native retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and immortalized human RPEs are formerly shown to express aquaporins, still the expression of aquaporins in stem cell derived RPE have not been previously elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of several aquaporin genes (aquaporin1,- 3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -10, -11 and -12) and assess the localization of aquaporin 1 water channel protein in human embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived RPE cells.. Methods: hESC- and hiPSC derived RPE cells were grown as monolayer in serum-free media. The expression of aquaporin genes was determined with qRT-PCR. The localization of AQP1-protein was studied with confocal microscopy. Finally, the functionality of aquaporins was assessed with dye ...

Plant cells contain proteins that are members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, an ancient family of membrane channel proteins characterized by six membrane-spanning domains and two asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) amino acid motifs in the two halves of the protein. We recently demonstrated that [gamma]-TIP, one of the MIP homologs found in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells, is an aquaporin or water channel protein (C. Maurel, J. Reizer, J.I. Schroeder, M.J. Chrispeels [1993] EMBO J 12: 2241-2247). RD28, another MIP homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana, was first identified as being encoded by a turgor-responsive transcript. To find out if RD28 is a water channel protein, rd28 cRNA was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Expression of RD28 caused a 10- to 15-fold increase in the osmotic water permeability of the oocytes, indicating that the protein creates water channels in the plasma membrane of the oocytes and is an aquaporin just like its homolog [gamma]-TIP. Although RD28 has ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Aquaporin-3 facilitates epidermal cell migration and proliferation during wound healing. AU - Hara-Chikuma, Mariko. AU - Verkman, A. S.. PY - 2008/2/1. Y1 - 2008/2/1. N2 - Healing of skin wounds is a multi-step process involving the migration and proliferation of basal keratinocytes in epidermis, which strongly express the water/glycerol-transporting protein aquaporin-3 (AQP3). In this study, we show impaired skin wound healing in AQP3-deficient mice, which results from distinct defects in epidermal cell migration and proliferation. In vivo wound healing was ∼80% complete in wild-type mice at 5 days vs ∼50% complete in AQP3 null mice, with remarkably fewer proliferating, BrdU-positive keratinocytes. After AQP3 knock-down in keratinocyte cell cultures, which reduced cell membrane water and glycerol permeabilities, cell migration was slowed by more than twofold, with reduced lamellipodia formation at the leading edge of migrating cells. Proliferation of AQP3 knock-down ...

This paper strongly supports the conclusion that AQP0 has a high permeability mode and a low permeability mode. How do these two modes differ? Available structural data on the nature of the water-filled pore through AQP1 and the glycerol facilitator suggest a possible answer. For both, water and glycerol must move through the pore by single-file diffusion. The crystal structure and molecular dynamic simulations suggest that there are multiple water molecules in the pore. There are ∼6 waters seen in the narrow constriction of the pore in the X-ray structure (Sui et al., 2001), and molecular dynamic simulations suggest that there are ∼7 or 8 water molecules moving in concert in the single-file portion of the pore (Tajkhorshid et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2004). The lack of passage of ionic current through AQP0 and AQP1 is explained by electrostatic considerations that strongly inhibit the movement of protons into the NPA region or hydroxyls into regions flanking either side of the NPA region (de ...

Purpose: : To demonstrate in the conjunctiva the presence of aquaporin type 5 (AQP5), a water channel homologue found in the apical membrane of several tissues including the cornea. Presently, there are no reports indicating as to which AQP might be expressed apically in the conjunctiva; only AQP3 has been identified in the lateral membranes of rat and human conjunctival epithelia. Because we had data from gene-expression microarray assays (Turner; ARVO 2004) indicating message for AQP5 in the human conjunctiva, tissue samples from human, as well as from rats and rabbits (given the ease of their procurement), were analyzed to confirm that the AQP5 protein was indeed expressed in mammalian conjunctivae. Methods: : Goat polyclonal IgG against AQP5 was purchased commercially and used in immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques to identify and localize the water channel in rat, rabbit and human epithelia. Results: : Immunoblot analysis of rabbit bulbar-plus-palpebral plasma membrane ...

Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin that transports water and glycerol and is expressed in the epidermis, among other epithelial tissues. We have recently shown that there is an association between this glycerol channel and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in caveolin-rich membrane microdomains. While …

Stahl, Katja; Rahmani, Soulmaz; Prydz, Agnete; Skauli, Nadia; MacAulay, Nanna; Mylonakou, Maria-Niki; Torp, Reidun; Skare, Øivind; Berg, Torill; Leergaard, Trygve Brauns; Paulsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Ottersen, Ole Petter & Amiry-Moghaddam, Mahmood (2018). Targeted deletion of the aquaglyceroporin AQP9 is protective in a mouse model of Parkinsons disease. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13(3) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194896 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag More than 90% of the cases of Parkinsons disease have unknown etiology. Gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra is the main cause of morbidity in this disease. External factors such as environmental toxins are believed to play a role in the cell loss, although the cause of the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons remains unknown. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin AQP9 is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes of rodent brain. AQP9 is permeable to a broad spectrum of substrates including ...

Objective: It is well known that VEGFR expression is correlated with peritumoral brain edema in meningiomas. Also Aquaporin4 seems to induce the perifocal edema. In our study we analyzed the correlation of VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and Aquaporin4 to the brain edema. Additionally a potential correlation between[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL ...

Hi, Bit more than a month ago my mom developed burning sensation on her back and stomach, she went to a doc but he said its nothing lifetreatening and she waited for for her turn for the tests, it was like this for a week or two. Few weeks ago the burning sensation became too much to bear and my mom went to a hospital. They took her in and the next day she had issues walking and day later she couldnt walk on her own at all. After a few days they put her on some steroid IV thing for

Hi, Bit more than a month ago my mom developed burning sensation on her back and stomach, she went to a doc but he said its nothing lifetreatening and she waited for for her turn for the tests, it was like this for a week or two. Few weeks ago the burning sensation became too much to bear and my mom went to a hospital. They took her in and the next day she had issues walking and day later she couldnt walk on her own at all. After a few days they put her on some steroid IV thing for

PDB 2B6O, EMDB 2973 - 1.9Å resolutuion electron crystallography structure of the water channel Aquaporin-0 in its closed state. ...

摘要(Abstract)： 目的探讨头孢曲松钠在水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤中的作用以及机制。方法常规体外培养新生SD大鼠大脑皮质细胞,将培养的细胞分为4组,分别加入健康人血清(对照组)、AQP4抗体阳性患者血清、头孢曲松钠+AQP4抗体阳性血清以及单纯头孢曲松钠。细胞培养24h后采用免疫组织化荧光染色观察不同组星形胶质细胞数目的变化,采用比色法测定上清液谷氨酸浓度以及免疫印迹分析谷氨酸转运体-1(GLT-1)蛋白表达水平。结果和对照组比较,AQP4抗体阳性血清组星形胶质细胞数目和谷氨酸转运体-1(GLT-1)蛋白表达明显减少,上清液谷氨酸浓度明显增高(均 ...