TY - JOUR. T1 - Apurinic DNA endonuclease activities in repair-deficient human cell lines. AU - Moses, Robb. AU - Beaudet, Arthur L.. PY - 1978/2. Y1 - 1978/2. N2 - Several autosomal recessive diseases are associated with apparent DNA repair defects in cell culture. It seemed likely that a defect in excision repair reported for ataxia telangiectasia cells might reflect a lack of apurinic endonuclease activity. We report here normal levels of apurinic endonuclease activity in extracts of cell lines derived from patients with ataxia telangiectasia, xeroderma pigmentosum (complementation group D), Cockayne dwarfism, Fanconi anemia and Bloom syndrome.. AB - Several autosomal recessive diseases are associated with apparent DNA repair defects in cell culture. It seemed likely that a defect in excision repair reported for ataxia telangiectasia cells might reflect a lack of apurinic endonuclease activity. We report here normal levels of apurinic endonuclease activity in extracts of cell lines derived ...

In this study, we aim at evaluation the role of the Asp148Glu (rs1130409) variant at apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) gene in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk and the contribution of different genotypes to its transcriptional mRNA levels. In the case-control study, 92 RCC patients and 580 cancer-free patients matched by age and gender were recruited. The apurinic/APE genotyping work was con...

Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fapy-DNA glycosylase)(gene fpg) is a bacterial enzyme involved in DNA repair and which excise oxidized purine bases to release 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-methylformamido-pyrimidine (Fapy) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-OxoG) residues. In addition to its glycosylase activity, FPG can also nick DNA at apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP sites). FPG is a monomeric protein of about 32 Kd which binds and require zinc for its activity ...

Histones and polyamines nick the phosphodiester bond 3′ to AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) sites in DNA by inducing a beta-elimination reaction, which can be followed by delta-elimination. These beta- and delta-elimination reactions might be important for the repair of AP sites in chromatin DNA in either of two ways. In one pathway, after the phosphodiester bond 5′ to the AP site has been hydrolysed with an AP endonuclease, the 5′-terminal base-free sugar 5′-phosphate is released by beta-elimination. The one-nucleotide gap limited by 3′-OH and 5′-phosphate ends is then closed by DNA polymerase-beta and DNA ligase. We have shown in vitro that such a repair is possible. In the other pathway, the nicking 3′ to the AP site by beta-elimination occurs first. We have shown that the 3′-terminal base-free sugar so produced cannot be released by the chromatin AP endonuclease from rat liver. But it can be released by delta-elimination, leaving a gap limited by 3′-phosphate and 5′-phosphate. ...

0092]Other anti-cancer drugs include, but are not limited to: 20-epi-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3; 5-ethynyluracil; abiraterone; aclarubicin; acylfulvene; adecypenol; adozelesin; aldesleukin; ALL-TK antagonists; altretamine; ambamustine; amidox; amifostine; aminolevulinic acid; amrubicin; amsacrine; anagrelide; anastrozole; andrographolide; angiogenesis inhibitors; antagonist D; antagonist G; antarelix; anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein-1; antiandrogen, prostatic carcinoma; antiestrogen; antineoplaston; antisense oligonucleotides; aphidicolin glycinate; apoptosis gene modulators; apoptosis regulators; apurinic acid; ara-CDP-DL-PTBA; arginine deaminase; asulacrine; atamestane; atrimustine; axinastatin 1; axinastatin 2; axinastatin 3; azasetron; azatoxin; azatyrosine; baccatin III derivatives; balanol; batimastat; BCR/ABL antagonists; benzochlorins; benzoylstaurosporine; beta lactam derivatives; beta-alethine; betaclamycin B; betulinic acid; bFGF inhibitor; bicalutamide; bisantrene; ...

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0108]Other second agents include, but are not limited to: 20-epi-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3; 5-ethynyluracil; abiraterone; aclarubicin; acylfulvene; adecypenol; adozelesin; aldesleukin; ALL-TK antagonists; altretamine; ambamustine; amidox; amifostine; aminolevulinic acid; amrubicin; amsacrine; anagrelide; anastrozole; andrographolide; angiogenesis inhibitors; antagonist D; antagonist G; antarelix; anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein-1; antiandrogen, prostatic carcinoma; antiestrogen; antineoplaston; antisense oligonucleotides; aphidicolin glycinate; apoptosis gene modulators; apoptosis regulators; apurinic acid; ara-CDP-DL-PTBA; arginine deaminase; asulacrine; atamestane; atrimustine; axinastatin 1; axinastatin 2; axinastatin 3; azasetron; azatoxin; azatyrosine; baccatin III derivatives; balanol; batimastat; BCR/ABL antagonists; benzochlorins; benzoylstaurosporine; beta lactam derivatives; beta-alethine; betaclamycin B; betulinic acid; bFGF inhibitor; bicalutamide; bisantrene; ...

Failure to maintain mtDNA integrity can lead to a wide variety of neuromuscular disorders. Despite its central role in the development of these disorders, many mechanistic details of mtDNA maintenance are still unclear. In the present work, we have studied the role of PrimPol, an unusual primase-polymerase, in mammalian mtDNA maintenance. We report here that PrimPol is specifically required for replication reinitiation after DNA damage. PrimPol synthesizes DNA primers on an ssDNA template, which can be elongated by the mitochondrial replicative polymerase γ, a solution to reprime replication beyond DNA lesions and to facilitate lagging-strand replication. Our findings show that PrimPol has biological relevance for mtDNA maintenance. ...

The biochemical properties of phage P22 Abc-modified RecBCD enzyme from Escherichia coli have been examined. RecBCD purified from a cell that expresses Abc (anti-RecBCD) contains all three RecBCD subunits and the 11.6-kDa Abc protein in equal stoichiometric amounts. Abc depresses the rate of RecBCD double-stranded DNA exonuclease, helicase, and ATPase activities about 3-4-fold, yet it has no effect on the rate of the single-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Abc induces a slight increase in the ATP-independent single-stranded DNA endonuclease activity and does not induce dimerization of the RecBCD trimer. Abc-modified RecBCD helicase activity possesses reduced but significant processivity (10 kilobase pairs) relative to the native enzyme (30 kilobase pairs). In the absence of ATP, Abc-modified RecBCD shows a 2-4-fold higher affinity for double-stranded DNA ends. The RecBCD-binding Gam protein from bacteriophage lambda inhibits binding of both native and Abc-modified RecBCD to double-stranded DNA ends.

Endonuclease III; DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N- glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3 to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5-phosphate (219 aa ...

A registry to collect info regarding dialysis or KT individuals with COVID-19 in Spain started to gather info on March 18, 2020 (www.senefro.com). A confirmed COVID-19 analysis was defined as a patient with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of a specimen collected via nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage. Comparisons between groups were made using a two-sided 2 test having a significance level of 0.05, using SPSS v22. The study was authorized by the ethics committee of Hospital del Mar. Among the 502 KT patients with COVID-19 included until May 9, 2020, 24 had received a KT less than 60 d before becoming diagnosed as having COVID-19. Instances were diagnosed in 12 Spanish transplant centers between March 17 and April 18, 2020 and experienced at least 1 mo of follow-up. During the period and 60 d before the 1st case, 275 KT surgeries were performed in those 12 centers. Consequently, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 9%. The median age of the ...

APEX1, 0.1 mg. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases.

Complete information for APEX2 gene (Protein Coding), Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

This modification is available as part of a custom oligonucleotide configuration. Please use OLIGObuilder™ to generate pricing and order or contact us to speak with a customer service representative. ...

DNA damage can stall the DNA replication machinery, leading to genomic instability. Thus, numerous mechanisms exist to complete genome duplication in the absence of a pristine DNA template, but identification of the enzymes involved remains incomplete. Here, we establish that Primase-Polymerase (PrimPol; CCDC111), an archaeal-eukaryotic primase (AEP) in eukaryotic cells, is involved in chromosomal DNA replication. PrimPol is required for replication fork progression on ultraviolet (UV) lightdamaged DNA templates, possibly mediated by its ability to catalyze translesion synthesis (TLS) of these lesions. This PrimPol UV lesion bypass pathway is not epistatic with the Pol h-dependent pathway and, as a consequence, protects xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) patient cells from UV-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, we establish that PrimPol is also required for efficient replication fork progression during an unperturbed S phase. These and other findings indicate that PrimPol is an important player ...

FUNCTION: DNA repair enzyme that cleaves apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and removes 3-blocking groups present at single strand breaks of damaged DNA. APN1 accounts for > 97% of both apurinic/ apyrimidinic (AP) lyase and DNA 3-repair diesterase activities ...

DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (APE-1) antibody | P27695 | APEX nuclease (APEN), Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (AP endonuclease 1), (APE-1), REF-1, Redox factor-1, APEX1, APE, APE1, APEX, APX, HAP1, REF1

Objective Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is usually routinely performed for experiments designed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of dental care fluorosis. samples. Results Probably the most stably indicated genes relating to geNorm were and and were and and and is a component of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 and a cell surface marker for those nucleated cells 48 is definitely a member of the family of TATA-box transcription factors 49 is definitely a glycolytic enzyme 50 Hprt is definitely portion of purine synthesis in the salvage pathway 51 and functions in the translational machinery.52 The data presented here will facilitate accurate and reproducible transcript profiling MP-470 studies in fluoride treated rats and in enamel organ-derived LS8 cells. 2 Materials and MP-470 Methods 2.1 Animals All animals were treated humanely. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-week-old) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington MA). Animals were ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Inhibitors of nuclease and redox activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). AU - Laev, Sergey S.. AU - Salakhutdinov, Nariman F.. AU - Lavrik, Olga I.. N1 - Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/5/1. Y1 - 2017/5/1. N2 - Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein which is essential in the base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions caused by oxidation and alkylation. This protein hydrolyzes DNA adjacent to the 5′-end of an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site to produce a nick with a 3′-hydroxyl group and a 5′-deoxyribose phosphate moiety or activates the DNA-binding activity of certain transcription factors through its redox function. Studies have indicated a role for APE1/Ref-1 in the pathogenesis of cancer and in resistance to DNA-interactive drugs. Thus, this protein has potential as a target in cancer treatment. As a result, major ...

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1E9N: Two Divalent Metal Ions in the Active Site of a New Crystal Form of Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease, Ape1: Implications for the Catalytic Mechanism

One of the most frequent lesions formed in cellular DNA are abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic, AP) sites that are both cytotoxic and mutagenic, and must be removed efficiently to maintain genetic stability. It is generally believed that the repair of AP

In the process of cell metabolism, genomic DNA is harmed by free radicals, mutagens, and ionizing radiation. The damage in DNA results in carcinogenesis, aging, and cell death. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, which arise by hydrolysis of N-glycos

DNA damaging agents such as the antitumor drugs bleomycin and neocarzinostatin or those that generate oxygen radicals produce a variety of lesions in DNA. Amongst these is base-loss which forms apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites or strand breaks with atypical 3termini. DNA repair at the AP sites is initiated by specific endonuclease cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone. Such endonucleases are also generally capable of removing blocking groups from the 3terminus of DNA strand breaks ...

The expression of bilaterian-mesodermal genes changes the epithelial properties of the endomesoderm during the embryogenesis of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.

TY - JOUR. T1 - The exonuclease activity of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1). Biochemical properties and inhibition by the natural dinucleotide Gp4G. AU - Chou, Kai Ming. AU - Cheng, Yung Chi. PY - 2003/5/16. Y1 - 2003/5/16. N2 - Human DNA apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) plays a key role in the DNA base excision repair process. In this study, we further characterized the exonuclease activity of APE1. The magnesium requirement and pH dependence of the exonuclease and endonuclease activities of APE1 are significantly different. APE1 showed a similar Km value for matched, 3′ mispaired, or nucleoside analog β-L-dioxolane-cytidine terminated nicked DNA as well as for DNA containing a tetrahydrofuran, an abasic site analog. The kcat for exonuclease activity on matched, 3′ mispaired, and β-L-dioxolane-cytidine nicked DNA are 2.3, 61.2, and 98.8 min-1, respectively, and 787.5 min-1 for APE1 endonuclease. Site-directed APE1 mutant proteins (E96A, E96Q, D210E, D210N, and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Y-box-binding protein 1 stimulates abasic site cleavage. AU - Alemasova, E. E.. AU - Naumenko, K. N.. AU - Moor, N. A.. AU - Lavrik, O. I.. PY - 2017/12/1. Y1 - 2017/12/1. N2 - Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are among the most frequent DNA lesions. The first step in the AP site repair involves the magnesium-dependent enzyme AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) that catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the DNA phosphodiester bond at the 5′ side of the AP site, thereby generating a single-strand DNA break flanked by the 3′-OH and 5′-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) groups. Increased APE1 activity in cancer cells might correlate with tumor chemoresistance to DNA-damaging treatment. It has been previously shown that the multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) interacts with APE1 and inhibits APE1-catalyzed hydrolysis of AP sites in single-stranded DNAs. In this work, we demonstrated that YB-1 stabilizes the APE1 complex with double-stranded DNAs containing the AP sites and ...

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)/redox effector factor (Ref-1) is a key regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress. It is a multifunctional protein involved in both transcriptional regulation of gene expression during adaptive cellular response to oxidative stress, and in base excision repair pathway of DNA lesions generated as a consequence of oxidant-induced base damages. In the latter, APE1/Ref-1 contributes to the maintenance of the genome stability. APE1 normally resides in the nucleus and this is consistent with its established role in base excision repair and redox regulation of transcription factors [Tell et al 2009]. However, in some cancers, abnormal re-distribution of APE1 to the cytoplasm or its presence in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm without losing its ability to repair abasic DNA has been observed and these have baffled many researchers [Tell et al 2005]. We have recently identified APE1/Ref-1 as an endoribonuclease that cleaves c-myc mRNA in vitro and ...

AIMS: Human AP endonuclease 1 (HAP1) plays a major role in the repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in cellular DNA by catalysing hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone 5 to the site. HAP1 is also known to be a potent reduction-oxidation (redox) factor, regulating the binding activity of a number of transcription factors. The purpose of the present study was to examine the expression of HAP-1 in a wide range of human tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a recently developed specific rabbit polyclonal antibody, we performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue material. Nuclear staining was detected in crypt cells of the small and large intestine, epithelial cells of breast ducts, basal cells of the skin, alveolar cells of the lung, lymphocytes of the marginal zone of the spleen, in the surface epithelium and stromal cells of the ovary and the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Unexpectedly for a presumed nuclear protein, the staining pattern in some cell ...

DNA with an abasic site is a cyto-toxic intermediate in the base excision repair (BER) pathway that is handled by the enzyme Apuridinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) [99, 56, 168, 90]. Several kinetics and thermodynamics aspects of the mechanism by which the APE1 enzyme processes its abasic DNA substrate have been discussed in this thesis. APE1 is an endonuclease that is it cleaves the DNA backbone at a non-terminal site, here at the abasic site. To obtain eminent insight about the catalytic role of amino acid residues and magnesium ions which are representatively recognized in active sites of endonuclease enzymes, quantum mechanical calculations of reaction pathways based on various cluster models mimicking such active sites of endonuclease enzymes have been performed and subsequently discussed in section 4. In this light our results underline the importance of an enzymatic active site architecture in the catalytic reaction, given the substrate is properly positioned. As a side-effect, we ...

Effect of depurination location on replicase activity in vitro. Regions of RNA3 were treated with PAP and then ligated to the remaining RNA to regenerate full-l

Exonuclease Iii Solution, supplied by Promega, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more

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Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates a process generating DNA mutations and breaks in germinal center (GC) B cells that are necessary for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. GC B cells can tolerate DNA damage while rapidly proliferating because of partial suppression of the DNA damage response by BCL6. In this study, we develop a model to study the response of mouse GC B cells to endogenous DNA damage. We show that the base excision repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) 2 protects activated B cells from oxidative damage in vitro. APE2-deficient mice have smaller GCs and reduced Ab responses compared with wild-type mice. DNA double-strand breaks are increased in the rapidly dividing GC centroblasts of APE2-deficient mice, which activate a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint and a p53-dependent apoptotic response. Proliferative and/or oxidative damage and AID-dependent damage are additive stresses that correlate inversely with GC size in ...

Endonuclease IV is the archetype for a conserved apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease family that primes DNA repair synthesis by cleaving the DNA backbone 5 of AP sites. The crystal structures of Endonuclease IV and its AP-DNA complex at 1.02 and 1.55 A resolution reveal how an alpha8beta8 TIM barrel fold can bind dsDNA. Enzyme loops intercalate side chains at the abasic site, compress the DNA backbone, bend the DNA approximately 90 degrees, and promote double-nucleotide flipping to sequester the extrahelical AP site in an enzyme pocket that excludes undamaged nucleotides. These structures suggest three Zn2+ ions directly participate in phosphodiester bond cleavage and prompt hypotheses that double-nucleotide flipping and sharp bending by AP endonucleases provide exquisite damage specificity while aiding subsequent base excision repair pathway progression ...

Chronic administration of Aluminum is proposed as an environmental factor that may affect several enzymes and other biomolecules related to neurotoxicity and Alzheimers disease (AD). APE1 a multifunctional protein, functions in DNA repair and plays a key role in cell survival versus cell death upon stimulation with cytotoxic agent, making it an attractive emerging therapeutic target. The promising protective effect of resveratrol (resv), which is known to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects on neurotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3), may be derived from its own antioxidant properties. In the present work we investigated the modulation of APE1 expression during AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation (25 mg/Kg body weight by oral gavages) in experimental rats. We tested the hypothesis that a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenger, resveratrol at 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight, which is known to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects, would attenuate central inflammation and modulate APE1 expression in

END8_ECOLI] Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol, 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine. Acts on DNA bubble and 3-fork structures, suggesting a role in replication-associated DNA repair. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3- and 5-phosphates.[1] ...

Methods Expression of APE1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 55 RBs and in retina. In tumours, APE1 expression was analysed in cytoplasm and nucleus independently and correlated with histopathological features, including invasion, differentiation and International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification groups. Relative APE1 mRNA and protein expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. The expression of APE1 in tumour groups was compared with retinal tissue.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Slow loss of deoxyribose from the N7deoxyguanosine adducts of estradiol-3,4-quinone and hexestrol-3′,4′-quinone.. T2 - Implications for mutagenic activity. AU - Saeed, Muhammad. AU - Zahid, Muhammad. AU - Gunselman, Sandra J.. AU - Rogan, Eleanor. AU - Cavalieri, Ercole. PY - 2005/1. Y1 - 2005/1. N2 - A variety of evidence has been obtained that estrogens are weak tumor initiators. A major step in the multi-stage process leading to tumor initiation involves metabolic formation of 4-catechol estrogens from estradiol (E 2) and/or estrone and further oxidation of the catechol estrogens to the corresponding catechol estrogen quinones. The electrophilic catechol quinones react with DNA mostly at the N-3 of adenine (Ade) and N-7 of guanine (Gua) by 1,4-Michael addition to form depurinating adducts. The N3Ade adducts depurinate instantaneously, whereas the N7Gua adducts depurinate with a half-life of several hours. Only the apurinic sites generated in the DNA by the rapidly ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The transition state for RNA depurination by ricin a-chain. AU - Chen, Xiangyang. AU - Link, Todd M.. AU - Schramm, Vern L.. PY - 1997/12/1. Y1 - 1997/12/1. N2 - Ricin A-chain (RTA) catalyzes a specific depurination of ribosomal RNA at the elongation factor binding site, causing loss of protein biosynthesis. In vitro, RTA also catalyzes the hydrolysis of synthetic oligonucleotides. The Km and kcat for a 10-base stem-loop RNA, CGC GAGA GCG (A-10) are 4.1 #M and 4.1 rain-l, respectively. The purpose of this study is to characterize the transition state of RTA depurination by multiple V/K kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) using labeled A-10 as the substrate. The specifically labeled A-10 was synthesized enzymatically by conversion of labeled glucose or ribose 5-phosphate to ATP and subsequently incorporation into RNA by RNA polymerase. KIEs for the hydrolysis are the following: primary 14C = 0.997 + 0.002, primary lSN = 1.020 :t: 0.004, a-secondary 3H = 1.163 + 0.010, /3-secondary aH= ...

Local production of endothelial NO plays a pivotal role in governing the overall redox state of the vascular wall. A reduction in endothelial NO production would be expected to result in an increase in vascular oxidative stress. Arachidonic acid is a prime target of oxidants and is peroxidized to yield metabolites including F2-isoprostanes. APE1/ref-1+/− mice have been reported to have elevations in circulating markers of oxidative stress such as F2-isoprostanes.19 F2-isoprostanes themselves lead to vasoconstriction by direct action on vascular smooth muscle cells via thromboxane receptors.20 Therefore, in addition to a decrease in NO-mediated smooth muscle relaxation, the hypertension seen in APE1/ref-1+/− mice may also be attributable to the paracrine vasoconstricting effects of F2-isoprostanes and other oxidative stress-induced metabolites of arachidonic acid.. In addition to eNOS-derived NO production, the governance of H-ras expression by APE1/ref-1 could also contribute to some of the ...

He fluorescence enhancement must be the AP site involved. The optical properties of SG bound in the AP site environment should be different from that directly

García-Gómez S, Reyes A, Martínez-Jiménez MI, E Chocrón S, Mourón S, Terrados G, Powell C, Salido E, Méndez J, Holt IJ & Blanco L (2013) PrimPol, an archaic primase/polymerase operating in human cells. Mol Cell 52, 541-53 ...

PrimPol, an Archaic Primase/Polymerase Operating in Human Cells Sara García-Gómez,Aurelio Reyes,María I. Martínez-Jiménez,E. Sandra Chocrón,Silvana Mourón,Gloria Terrados,Christopher Powell,Eduardo Salido,Juan Méndez,Ian J. Holt,Luis Blanco Molecular Cell, 24 October 2013 ...

Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3- and 5-phosphates.

We have achieved the ability to synthesize thousands of unique, long oligonucleotides (150mers) in fmol amounts using parallel synthesis of DNA on microarrays. The sequence accuracy of the oligonucleotides in such large-scale syntheses has been limited by the yields and side reactions of the DNA synthesis process used. While there has been significant demand for libraries of long oligos (150mer and more), the yields in conventional DNA synthesis and the associated side reactions have previously limited the availability of oligonucleotide pools to lengthsassays, we show that the depurination side reaction is the limiting factor for the synthesis of libraries of long oligonucleotides on Agilent Technologies SurePrint® DNA microarray platform. We also demonstrate how depurination can be controlled and reduced by a novel detritylation process to enable the synthesis of high quality, long (150mer) oligonucleotide libraries and we report the characterization of synthesis efficiency for such ...

OK, for my rocket scientist readers and others, ponder this one: Youve got the worlds most ancient civilization (OK, Iraq has a case, but tourism isnt big there right now), the only surviving one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (pointy structures conveniently near your capital city with lots of five-star hotels), a huge and longstanding tourism infrastructure with many guides speaking European languages, and are dependent on tourism for hard currency. And, since you had this little revolution thingy a few months back that was on all the TV channels, your tourism revenues are sharply down this summer, though starting to improve a bit. So what do you do about it? You there with your hand up, yes, you: The Egyptian Cabinet, you say? And your answer is ...

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