Complete information for ANAPC1 gene (Protein Coding), Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Complete information for ANAPC5 gene (Protein Coding), Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 5, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

As the embryonic brain develops, an incredibly complex cascade of cellular events occur, starting with progenitors - the originating cells that generate neurons and spur proper cortex development. If this cascade malfunctions - if one tiny protein doesnt do its job - then the brain can develop abnormally.. UNC scientists led by Eva Anton, PhD, professor of cell biology and physiology in the UNC School of Medicine, have shown how the deletion of the protein APC in progenitor cells leads to massive disruption of brain development and the canonical Wnt protein pathway - a signaling cascade- that previously was linked to genes associated with autism.. Although our experiments were done in mouse genetic models, human APC mutations have been associated with autism, said Anton, a member of the UNC Neuroscience Center and the new UNC Autism Research Center. These mutations disrupt the ability of brain progenitors to respond appropriately to the environmental cues necessary for them to divide, and to ...

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase with essential functions in mitosis, meiosis, and G1 phase of the cell cycle. APC/C recognizes substrates via coactivator proteins such as Cdh1, and bound substrates are ubiquitinated by E2 enzymes that interact with a hetero-dimer of the RING subunit Apc11 and the cullin Apc2. We have obtained three-dimensional (3D) models of human and Xenopus APC/C by angular reconstitution and random conical tilt (RCT) analyses of negatively stained cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) preparations, have determined the masses of these particles by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and have mapped the locations of Cdh1 and Apc2. These proteins are located on the same side of the asymmetric APC/C, implying that this is where substrates are ubiquitinated. We have further identified a large flexible domain in APC/C that adopts a different orientation upon Cdh1 binding. Cdh1 may thus activate APC/C both by recruiting substrates ...

Figure 5. ExoFlow-ONE dyes multiplexed with antibody-conjugated dyes are able to identify subpopulations of EVs. Murine-derived EVs were isolated and co-stained with Emerald Green ExoFlow-ONE and an APC-conjugated antibody against a cell adhesion protein (A) or Emerald Green ExoFlow-ONE and a PE-conjugated antibody against a macrophage membrane protein (B). In panel A, right, two distinct populations of EVs can be seen (Emerald Green axis), each of which expresses a range of the cell adhesion protein (APC axis). In contrast, in panel B, right, while the two distinct populations of EVs can still be seen (Emerald Green axis) the EVs do not appear to express the macrophage-specific protein. Thus, ExoFlow-ONE dyes multiplexed with antibody-conjugated dyes can be used to easily detect subpopulations of EVs. ...

The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a multi-subunit E3 protein ubiquitin ligase that is reponsible for the metaphase to anaphase transition and the exit from mitosis. The subunit APC10 is a one-domain protein homologous to a sequence element, termed the DOC domain, found in several hypothetical proteins that may also mediate ubiquitination reactions, because they contain combinations of either RING finger (see ,PDOC00449,), cullin (see ,PDOC00967,) or HECT (see ,PDOC50237,) domains [1,2,3]. The DOC domain consists of a β-sandwich, in which a five-stranded antiparallel β-sheet is packed on top of a three stranded antiparallel β-sheet, exhibiting a jellyroll fold (see ,PDB:1JHJ; A,) [2,3]. Some proteins known to contain a DOC domain are listed below: ...

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