Cellular life, as we know it, is absolutely dependent on biological membranes; remarkable superstructures made of lipids and proteins. For example, all living cells are surrounded by at least one membrane that protects the cell and holds it together. The proteins that are embedded in the membranes carry out a wide variety of key functions, from nutrient uptake and waste disposal to cellular respiration and communication. In order to function accurately, any integral membrane protein needs to be inserted into the cellular membrane where it belongs, and in that particular membrane it has to attain its proper structure and find partners that might be required for proper function. All membrane proteins have evolved to be inserted in a specific overall orientation, so that e.g. substrate-binding parts are exhibited on the right side of the membrane. So, what determines in which way a membrane protein is inserted? Are all membrane proteins inserted just so?. The focus of this thesis is on these ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Examination of EmrE conformational differences in various membrane mimetic environments. AU - Federkeil, Sandra L.. AU - Winstone, Tara L.. AU - Jickling, Glen. AU - Turner, Raymond J.. PY - 2003/4. Y1 - 2003/4. N2 - Ethidium multidrug resistance protein (EmrE) is a member of the small multidrug resistance family of proteins and is responsible for resistance in Escherichia coli to a diverse group of lipophilic cations. Research is beginning to elucidate structural information as well as substrate binding and extrusion mechanisms for this protein. However, the choice of membrane mimetic environment to perform structural studies needs to be made. In this study EmrE was solubilized in different membrane mimetic environments to investigate the influence of environment on the structure and dynamics of the protein by comparing the fluorescence properties of emission maxima, peak shifts, relative intensities, acrylamide quenching constants, and polarization. Taken together, the ...
Transport assays were performed as previously described [8] using radiolabelled 14C MV2+ (Sigma-Aldrich) (referred to as MV throughout). Protein was first exchanged from DDM into OG [28]: DDM-protein was incubated with 1.5 ml of Ni-NTA beads (pre-washed 1% OG and 20 mM Tris pH 7.5) for 1.5 h at 4°C; loaded onto a Pharmacia XK-16/20 glass column; washed 4-times with buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 1% OG, 15 mM mercaptoethanol and 15 mM Tris pH 7.5 and then mixed with elution buffer (the previous buffer with 200 mM imidazole and 15 mM mercaptoethanol) and incubated at room temperature for 15 min. Eluted protein was concentrated by centrifugation at 4000 g using Amicon Ultra 50 000 MWCO centrifugal concentrator (Millipore). Protein in OG was immediately reconstituted into lipid vesicles (at a starting protein:lipid mole ratio of ~2900:1). Lipids were rehydrated (to 50 mg.ml-1 in 150 mM NaCl, 15 mM Tris, pH 7.5) and sonicated or extruded to 50 nm, 100 nm or 200 nm as stated in the text. The vesicles ...
The small multidrug transporter from Escherichia coli, EmrE, couples the energetically uphill extrusion of hydrophobic cations out of the cell to the transport of two protons down their electrochemical gradient. Although principal mechanistic elements of proton/substrate antiport have been described, the structural record is limited to the conformation of the substrate-bound state, which has been shown to undergo isoenergetic alternating access. A central but missing link in the structure/mechanism relationship is a description of the proton-bound state, which is an obligatory intermediate in the transport cycle. Here we report a systematic spin labeling and double electron electron resonance (DEER) study that uncovers the conformational changes of EmrE subsequent to protonation of critical acidic residues in the context of a global description of ligand-induced structural rearrangements. We find that protonation of E14 leads to extensive rotation and tilt of transmembrane helices 1-3 in ...
In plants, high capacity tonoplast cation/H(+) antiport is mediated in part by a family of CAX (cation exchanger) transporters. Functional association between CAX1 and CAX3 has previously been inferred; however, the nature of this interaction has not been established. Here we analyze the formation o …
Biochemistry of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
View mouse Slc9b2 Chr3:135307700-135345387 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute, Goethe University and Martin Luther University are deciphering the structure of the MHC-I peptide-loading complex.
This detailed volume utilizes our current understanding of the structural basis of multidrug recognition and multidrug efflux mechanisms to provide protocols involving these vital intrinsic membrane p
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Whats new? jQuery Calx version 2.0 is the successor of jQuery Calx 1.x. It offer a lot of new feature since version 1.x, let see whats new in jQuery Calx 2.0 Rewrite the internal formula parser and plugin structure. Ability to register new function and override default one. Ability to register variable. Easy graph to […]
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Το Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Yunus Emre χορηγεί μία υποτροφία σε Έλληνες υπηκόους για την εκμάθηση της τούρκικης γλώσσας για το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2014-2015. Η καταληκτική ημερομηνία υποβολής αιτήσεων στην Πρεσβεία της Τουρκίας είναι η 15η Οκτωβρίου 2014 ...
The objective of the present study was to determine whether information about a biometrically inferred single gene with large effects on erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport is useful in predicting the probability of having hypertension. We used multivariate logistic regression to model the relationship between the probability of having hypertension and predictor traits in a sample of 382 unrelated adult women and 347 unrelated adult men from Rochester, Minn. First, we identified a set of demographic, biochemical, and physiological predictors. Second, we analyzed whether the relationship between the probability of having hypertension and the identified predictor traits was heterogeneous between the biometrically inferred single locus genotypes with large effects on sodium-lithium countertransport level. Third, if there was no heterogeneity, we assessed whether sodium-lithium countertransport genotypes made an additional contribution to predicting the probability of having hypertension ...
Selected publications:. Kanai,N Lu,R Satriano,J Bao,Y Wolkoff,AW Schuster,VL. Identification and characterization of a prostaglandin transporter. Science 268: 866-869, 1995.. Itoh,S Lu,R Bao,Y Morrow,JD Roberts,LJ Schuster,VL. Structural determinants of substrates for the prostaglandin transporter PGT. Mol Pharm 50: 736-742, 1996.. Lu,R Kanai,N Bao,Y Schuster,VL. Cloning, in vitro expression, and tissue distribution of a human prostaglandin transporter cDNA hPGT. J Clin Invest 98: 1142-1149, 1996.. Schuster,VL Lu,R Coca-Prados,M. Identification and characterization of a prostaglandin transporter widely-expressed in ocular and other secretory epithelia. Survey Ophthalmol 41: S41-S45, 1997.. Schuster,VL. Molecular mechanisms of prostaglandin transport. Ann Rev Physiol 60: 221-242, 1998.. Chan,B Satriano,JA Pucci,M Schuster,VL. Mechanism of PGE2 transport across the plasma membrane of HeLa cells and Xenopus oocytes expressing the prostaglandin transporter PGT. J Biol Chem 273: 6689-6697, ...
We report here the characterization of an Arabidopsis transporter, AtMHX, which is the first Mg2+ transporter to be cloned from a multicellular organism, and the first cloned exchanger of protons with Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions. Although AtMHX shows limited sequence homology with animal Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, the two transporter species are functionally distinct. In animals, Na+/K+‐ATPases generate Na+ gradients that provide the driving force for most transport processes, including Ca2+ extrusion from the cytosol to the extracellular space by Na+/Ca2+ exchangers localized in the plasma membrane. In plants, the driving force for most transport processes is the electrochemical H+ gradient, which is generated by H+‐ATPases localized in both the plasma membrane and the vacuolar membrane (Maathuis and Sanders, 1992). Notably, in contrast to animal Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, AtMHX is incapable of transporting Ca2+ ions, but can serve as an electrogenic exchanger of protons with Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions. The ...
Complete information for SCAX3 gene (Genetic Locus), Spinocerebellar Ataxia, X-Linked 3, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
In article ,2q6job$21t at news.iastate.edu,, Bipin K Dalmia ,bipin at iastate.edu, wrote: ,im trying to purify a protein expressed in e. coli. there is tons of it ,in the soluble extract. the pI is about 9.5. so naturally i tried using ,a cation exchanger at pH 6.5 but my protein flows right thru it. ive ,checked the ionic strengths etc. and they look good. the resin was ,properly equilibrated too. im using bio-rads biorex-70 resin in the ,sodium form and eluting with a gradient of NaCl. , ,any clues? , ,bip ,-- ,bipin k. dalmia the other night i was lying on my bed, looking ,bipin at iastate.edu up at the beautiful stars, and i said to myself, ,n2.bkd at isumvs.iastate.edu where the F*CK is my ROOF !! ,-- Frequently this is due to nucleic acids contaminating a prep. Basic proteins stay tightly bound and their charge is thus masked and the protein flows through. If you have not already treated your extract to remove nucleic acids you might consider: PEI precipitation in high salt (0.5M) to ...
Bacterial pathogens that are multi-drug resistant compromise the effectiveness of treatment when they are the causative agents of infectious disease. These multi-drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria to survive in the presence of clinically useful antimicrobial agents, thus reducing the efficacy of chemotherapy towards infectious disease. Importantly, active multi-drug efflux is a major mechanism for bacterial pathogen drug resistance. Therefore, because of their overwhelming presence in bacterial pathogens, these active multi-drug efflux mechanisms remain a major area of intense study, so that ultimately measures may be discovered to inhibit these active multi-drug efflux pumps.
Use shRNA set against Human SLC35E1(NM_024881.4) for fast, easy, and consistent DNA/RNA Purification, Antibody/Protein Purification, Cell Isolation.
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and the erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport in hypertension (multiple letters) [2]. AU - Delanghe, J.. AU - De Buyzere, M.. AU - Wuyts, B.. AU - Tournoy, K.. AU - Duprez, D.. AU - Clement, D.. AU - Hardman, T.. AU - Lant, A.. AU - Wierzbicki, A.. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030912115&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030912115&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Letter. C2 - 9185032. AN - SCOPUS:0030912115. VL - 11. SP - 251. EP - 252. JO - Journal of Human Hypertension. JF - Journal of Human Hypertension. SN - 0950-9240. IS - 4. ER - ...
Shop Vacuolar cation/proton exchanger ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Vacuolar cation/proton exchanger Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
298093376 - EP 0868212 B1 2000-06-21 - PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FREE-FLOWING OR TEMPORARILY FREE-FLOWING VERY ACIDIC CATION EXCHANGERS - [origin: WO9723282A2] The invention relates to a process for the preparation of free-flowing end products of very acidic cation exchangers. The grain pile of end products of the very acidic cation exchangers produced in the process described in the patent application P 195 48 012.0 cannot flow freely. By adding linking wetting agents or water-soluble initiators or tensides during polymerisation or after filtration of the end product and/or by taking technical measures, the grain pile of the very acidic cation exchangers is able to flow freely permanently or temporarily using the following process: (1) by adding to the copolymerisation system, known wetting agents in quantities of up to 0.25 g/l of the aqueous phase or water-soluble initiators in quantities of from 0.05 to 20 g/l of the aqueous phase 20 to 120 minutes after reaching the point of gelification; (2)
anti-Solute Carrier Family 9, Subfamily A (NHE3, Cation Proton Antiporter 3), Member 3 Regulator 1 (SLC9A3R1) (Ala140) antibody ABIN328934 from antibodies-online
We studied 42 white subjects with normal glucose tolerance and microalbuminuria and 79 with normoalbuminuria. Because we were studying healthy subjects on two occasions over a period of 3 years and needed to maximize subject compliance, we estimated AER both at screening and at recall on two rather than three collections, as would be usual in diabetic patients. In consequence, we used for our main classification of microalbuminuria an AER of 20 to 200 μg/min on either or both collections. We found that only 29% of individuals identified as microalbuminuric at screening remained so at follow-up, while 15% of normoalbuminuric subjects changed category. Microalbuminuria is thus a highly unstable variable in nondiabetic subjects. Nevertheless, we have previously shown it to be powerfully related to cardiovascular risk in this population.6 These observations suggest that, allowing for biological variability, the relationship between microalbuminuria (or its genetic or environmental determinants) and ...
In the present study, we found that the C-1 carboxylic acid group was essential for optimal substrate binding to the FP receptor. Replacement of the carboxylic acid group by larger moieties with a similar pK a, such as acylsulfonamide and tetrazole, substantially decreased binding affinity. The prostaglandin transporter PGT, on the other hand, recognized a fairly wide range of anionic substrates at C-1. In contrast, insertion of cyclic substituents in the omega chain increased binding to the FP receptor but reduced affinity for PGT, and substitution for the 15-hydroxyl group produced only a modest reduction in FP receptor binding but eliminated binding by PGT.. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes bind to a number of structurally diverse molecules, such as their cell-surface receptors (EP, FP, IP, DP, and TP) (Breyer et al., 1996a), the prostaglandin transporter PGT (Itoh et al., 1996), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (Forman et al., 1995; Kliewer et al., 1995), and ...
zeosphere phases are fully porous silica gels in spherical shape zeosphere drp mixed-mode silica gels are reversed phase chromatography gels merged with different amounts of strong anion exchanger a or strong cation exchanger c both ionic and
Predicted to have potassium:proton antiporter activity and sodium:proton antiporter activity. Involved in flagellated sperm motility. Localizes to the motile cilium. Orthologous to human SLC9C1 (solute carrier family 9 member C1 ...
In order to remove tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or/and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) extracorporeally from whole blood or/and blood plasma in an extracorporeal perfusion system, the blood or plasma is passed over a cation exchanger and an anion exchanger material. A device according to the invention for the extracorporeal treatment of patients blood or plasma therefore contains a cation exchanger material and an anion exchanger material wherein these materials are contained in at least one compartment of an extracorporeal perfusion system.
The over-expression of Arabidopsis CAX1 and CAX2 causes transgenic tomato plants to reveal severe Ca2+ deficiency-like symptoms such as tip-burn and/or blossom end rot, despite there being sufficient
Autor: Călinescu, Octavian et al.; Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel; Im Druck veröffentlicht: 2014; Keywords: Archaea; Electrophysiology; Membrane Transport; pH Regulation; Sodium Proton Exchange; EcNhaA; MjNhaP1; Cation Proton Antiporter; Solid Supported Membrane; Titel: Keeping It Simple, Transport Mechanism and pH Regulation in Na+/H+
Precise regulation of calcium transporters is essential for modulating the Ca2+ signaling network that is involved in the growth and adaptation of all organisms. The Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ antiporter, CAX1, is a high capacity and low affinity Ca2+ transporter and several CAX1-like transporters are foun …
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells possess an alkali metal cation antiporter encoded by the NHA1 gene. Nha1p is unique in the family… Expand ...
mouse Slc16a7 protein: a monocarboxylate transporter; transports pyruvate and lactate; 60% identical to hamster MCT1; expressed in different cells than MCT1; RefSeq NM_011391
Has sugar-induced sodium-independent electrogenic activity. Generation of glucose-induced inward currents is pH-dependent, with activity in acidic conditions (pH 5) but not neutral conditions. Does not have sugar transport activity.
Using a variety of programs available online, including the Oligator and Optimoose, we were able to formulate a plan that would enable us to synthesize various optimized and deoptimized versions of the TetA gene. We relied on codon bias, the differences in frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA, to allow for varying expression levels of TetA in the cell. By using natural enzyme sites within TetA, we were able to conduct restriction digests on TetA that allowed us to alter roughly 150 base pairs within each segment using codon bias with a total of four segments available. The TetA vector that was used to synthesize segment 1 clones was digested with EcoRI and NheI. The TetA vector that was used to synthesize segment 2 clones was digested with NheI and BamHI. This gave us the ability to insert roughly 144 bp for each segment that were optimized or deoptimized using codon bias. These inserts were fairly large and thus were synthesized by annealing oligos. These annealed oligos ...
Using a variety of programs available online, including the Oligator and Optimoose, we were able to formulate a plan that would enable us to synthesize various optimized and deoptimized versions of the TetA gene. We relied on codon bias, the differences in frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA, to allow for varying expression levels of TetA in the cell. By using natural enzyme sites within TetA, we were able to conduct restriction digests on TetA that allowed us to alter roughly 150 base pairs within each segment using codon bias with a total of four segments available. The TetA vector that was used to synthesize segment 1 clones was digested with EcoRI and NheI. The TetA vector that was used to synthesize segment 2 clones was digested with NheI and BamHI. This gave us the ability to insert roughly 144 bp for each segment that were optimized or deoptimized using codon bias. These inserts were fairly large and thus were synthesized by annealing oligos. These annealed oligos ...
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Rabbit anti Human SLC5A9 antibody recognizes sodium dependent glucose transporter 4 (SGLT4), also known as SLC5A9, a ~76 kDa member o
Complete information for VCX3B gene (Protein Coding), Variable Charge, X-Linked 3B, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
Immunology , CM agarose Fast Flow is a weak cation exchanger based on the well established agarose Fast Flow ion exchange platform, e...
Cleanert Alumina A sorbent (pH = 4.5) can be used as a strong polar absorbent or a mild cation exchanger. This sorbent is processed with a special deactivation procedure which ensures high analytes recovery. ...
SLC9A1 (NHE1), a member of the Na+/H+ exchanger family, is a ubiquitous membrane protein that regulates intracellular pH and cell volume. Furthermore, SLC9A1 is known to
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Plasmid pDONR221_SLC2A3 from Dr. Giulio Superti-Furgas lab contains the insert SLC2A3. This plasmid is available through Addgene.
Plasmid pDONR221_SLC25A31 from Dr. Giulio Superti-Furgas lab contains the insert SLC25A31. This plasmid is available through Addgene.