Tetraspanin CD9 is associated with integrin adhesion receptors and it was reported that CD9 regulates integrin-dependent cell migration and invasion. Pro- and anti-migratory effects of CD9 have been linked to adhesion-dependent signalling pathways, including phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). In the present paper, we describe a novel mechanism whereby CD9 specifically controls localization of talin1, one of the critical regulators of integrin activation, to focal adhesions: CD9-deficiency leads to impaired localization of talin1 to focal adhesions and correlates with increased motility of breast cancer cells.. ...

Ion channels regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in normal and neoplastic cells through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) transmembrane receptors called integrins. K+ flux through the human ether-à-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1) channel shapes action potential firing in excitable cells such as cardiomyocytes. Its abundance is often aberrantly high in tumors, where it modulates integrin-mediated signaling. We found that hERG1 interacted with the β1 integrin subunit at the plasma membrane of human cancer cells. This interaction was not detected in cardiomyocytes because of the presence of the hERG1 auxiliary subunit KCNE1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1), which blocked the β1 integrin-hERG1 interaction. Although open hERG1 channels did not interact as strongly with β1 integrins as did closed channels, current flow through hERG1 channels was necessary to activate the integrin-dependent phosphorylation of Tyr397 in focal ...

Title: Investigating the molecular mechanism of COPD in tetraspanin CD9/CD81 DKO mice- a new model for ageing. 6/9 Yuko Tsuchiya. 6/16 Special seminar 15:00 ...

3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 10741407. Berditchevski F (2002). Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye. J. Cell Sci. 114 (Pt 23): 4143-51. PMID 11739647. Ashman LK (2003). CD151. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents. 16 (3): 223-6. PMID 12456024. Ashman LK, Aylett GW, Mehrabani PA, Bendall LJ, Niutta S, Cambareri AC, Cole SR, Berndt MC (1992). The murine monoclonal antibody, 14A2.H1, identifies a novel platelet surface antigen. Br. J. Haematol. 79 (2): 263-70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04531.x. PMID 1958484. Fitter S, Tetaz TJ, Berndt MC, Ashman LK (1995). Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding a novel platelet-endothelial cell tetra-span antigen, PETA-3. Blood. 86 (4): 1348-55. PMID 7632941. Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. Gene. 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Hasegawa H, Utsunomiya Y, Kishimoto K, Yanagisawa K, Fujita S (1996). SFA-1, a ...

Shop Probable tetraspanin ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Probable tetraspanin Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

CD53 is a member of the tetraspan family of molecules, and is expressed by all leucocytes, but is absent from red cells and platelets.Most of the…

The report Starch Product Market in Australia to 2019 - Market Size, Development, and Forecasts offers the most up-to-date industry data on the actual market situation, and future outlook for starch products in Australia. The research includes historic data from 2008 to 2014 and forecasts until 2019 which makes the report an invaluable resource for industry executives, marketing, sales and product managers, consultants, analysts, and other people looking for key industry data in a readily accessible document with clearly presented tables and graphs.. The report helps answer the following questions:. - What is the current size of the starch product market in Australia ...

AS tumors are vascularized, but do not induce DIC. AS-Tspan8 tumors are highly vascularized and induce DIC. Abundantly Tspan8-expressing ASML tumors are poorly vascularized (3, 28). These three tumors strongly express CD9, CD81, and CD151 (3, 4, 33). Coimmunoprecipitation of Tspan8 with integrins revealed that, in ASML cells, Tspan8 interacts with CD104 and overexpression of CD104 in AS-Tspan8 cells prevents angiogenesis (34). These findings indicated that selective integrin associations with Tspan8 might be decisive for Tspan8 exosome-induced angiogenesis.. Indeed, comparing Tspan8 associations in AS-Tspan8 exosomes and CD9 associations in AS and AS-Tspan8 exosomes revealed that CD49d associates with CD9, CD151, and Tspan8 only in AS-Tspan8 exosomes. In contrast, CD49c associates with CD9 in both AS and AS-Tspan8 exosomes. This implies that Tspan8 selectively recruits CD49d into exosomes via yet unknown mechanisms.. The presence of Tspan8-associated CD49d is utmost important for AS-Tspan8 ...

CD9 (p24 antigen) is a single transmembrane polypeptide of 24 kDa related to the tetraspanin (TM4) family. Like other tetraspanins (e.g. CD63, CD81, CD82, CD37, CD53, among the 20 known members), CD9 structure is composed of 4 transmembrane domains, with intracellular N and C termini. First discovered on a lymphoblastic cell line of pre-B phenotype, CD9 was then found on platelets and within their α-granules, on monocytes, pre-B cells, eosinophils, basophils and activated T cells. The CD9 molecule associates with other surface proteins such as the α6/β4 integrin (CD49f/CD104 molecule) and HLA-DR, suggesting a role in adhesion, signal transduction and cell motility.

Despite being implicated in multiple types of human epithelia-origin cancer, laminin-binding (LB) integrins (e.g., α3α1 and α6β4) have rarely been investigated for their roles in human ovarian tumors. More recently, we and others have shown that CD151, a member of the tetraspanin family, not only forms tight surface complexes with these adhesion receptors, but also mediates the malignancy of human carcinomas largely in a LB integrin-dependent manner. Here we report our studies on the role of CD151 in human ovarian cancer. Initially, we stained human ovarian tumor tissue microarrays with CD151-specific antibody. Our data showed that the majority of ovarian tumors exhibited a reduced expression of CD151 protein, compared to the fallopian tube, implying a putative suppressing role of this tetraspanin in ovarian cancer. With this hint we next evaluated the impact of CD151 ablation on the behaviors and proliferation of cultured human ovarian cancer cells. While CD151 removal had a minimal impact ...

THE EL DORADO COUNTY FIRE SAFE COUNCIL IS SEEKING PROPOSALS FROM QUALIFIED CONTRACTORS TO PROVIDE: FUEL REDUCTION, MASTICATION, CHAINSAW AND CHIPPING OR PILE BURNING SERVICES IN THE LOGTOWN AREA EAST OF STATE HIGHWAY 49. Logtown East Side Fuel Break (LT10) 16-SFA-56063) and Logtown East Side Fuel Break (LT 10) Monitor section (sra 5gs15144) Release Date: October 2, 2017,. Required Site visit: October 18, 2017, 0900 at the parking lot of Bobbys Market the corner of Crystal Boulevard and Highway 49. Closing Date: October 27, 2017. Two Grants funding have been obtained to perform Fuels reduction work on 95 acres of land. The project is located off of Highway 49 and Dolomite Drive in El Dorado County, California. The Fire Safe Council is seeking a qualified contractor through a competitive bid process to perform mastication, chipping or pile burning, and chainsaw work.. Please download a complete copy of the two Request for Proposals click here for the federal grant and here for the SRA grant or ...

To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a regulatory function of tetraspanin CD151 in mast cells. Moreover, it is one of the first reports, to our knowledge, addressing the signaling mechanism of modulation of mast cell activation by any member of the tetraspanin family. In the present study, we demonstrated that CD151 deficiency exacerbated late-phase allergic inflammation in mice in vivo and enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production by cultured BMMCs ex vivo. Moreover, BMMCs deficient in CD151 showed enhanced and sustained FcεRI-induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation compared with WT cells. Conversely, CD151 deficiency had no effect on mast cell degranulation or the acute phase of PCA. Thus, our data demonstrate that the tetraspanin CD151 functions to selectively inhibit late-phase anaphylaxis responses and the de novo synthesis of cytokines by activated mast cells.. Mast cells possess mechanisms for fine tuning cellular activation that allow initial FcεRI-mediated signaling ...

Two lines of evidence in our current study suggest that surface TEMs can serve as exit gateways for HIV-1. First, most cell surface punctae where either Gag or Env clusters in both HeLa cell and in Jurkat T lymphocytes are also occupied by one of the tetraspanins (Figs. 6-8⇑⇑ and 10). Second, cellular TSG101 and VPS28, the components of the cellular budding machinery responsible for viral egress (Morita and Sundquist, 2004), when recruited to the plasma membrane in cells producing HIV-1, accumulate at CD63-containing TEMs (Fig. 8). Furthermore, we find that distortion of TEM distribution in virus-producing cells by an anti-CD9 antibody (K41) correlates with inhibition of HIV-1 release (unpublished data).. In a study where we used the FlAsH technique for successive dual-color labeling (Gaietta et al., 2002) of Gag in various virus-secreting cell types, we observed localization of newly synthesized Gag at distinct areas on the plasma membrane (Rudner et al., 2005). We also documented that ...

Background: Tetraspanins are small transmembrane proteins, found in all higher eukaryotes, that compartmentalize cellular membranes through interactions with partner proteins. CD81 is a prototypical tetraspanin and contributes to numerous physiological and pathological processes, including acting as a critical entry receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Antibody engagement of tetraspanins can induce a variety of effects, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, activation of MAPK-ERK signaling and cell migration. However, the epitope specificity of most anti-tetraspanin antibodies is not known, limiting mechanistic interpretation of these studies. Methods: We generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CD81 second extracellular domain (EC2) and performed detailed epitope mapping with a panel of CD81 mutants. All mAbs were screened for their ability to inhibit HCV infection and E2-CD81 association. Nanoscale distribution of cell surface CD81 was investigated by scanning electron

Background:Tetraspanins are small transmembrane proteins, found in all higher eukaryotes, that compartmentalize cellular membranes through interactions with partner proteins. CD81 is a prototypical tetraspanin and contributes to numerous physiological and pathological processes, including acting as a critical entry receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Antibody engagement of tetraspanins can induce a variety of effects, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, activation of MAPK-ERK signaling and cell migration. However, the epitope specificity of most anti-tetraspanin antibodies is not known, limiting mechanistic interpretation of these studies.Methods:We generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CD81 second extracellular domain (EC2) and performed detailed epitope mapping with a panel of CD81 mutants. All mAbs were screened for their ability to inhibit HCV infection and E2-CD81 association. Nanoscale distribution of cell surface CD81 was investigated by scanning electron

Background:Tetraspanins are small transmembrane proteins, found in all higher eukaryotes, that compartmentalize cellular membranes through interactions with partner proteins. CD81 is a prototypical tetraspanin and contributes to numerous physiological and pathological processes, including acting as a critical entry receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Antibody engagement of tetraspanins can induce a variety of effects, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, activation of MAPK-ERK signaling and cell migration. However, the epitope specificity of most anti-tetraspanin antibodies is not known, limiting mechanistic interpretation of these studies.Methods:We generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CD81 second extracellular domain (EC2) and performed detailed epitope mapping with a panel of CD81 mutants. All mAbs were screened for their ability to inhibit HCV infection and E2-CD81 association. Nanoscale distribution of cell surface CD81 was investigated by scanning electron

Clone REA221 recognizes CD82, a member of the four transmembrane domain, tetraspanin family. Tetraspanins contain short, cytoplasmic amino and carboxyl termini and two extracellular loops of unequal sizes and can be distinguished from other membrane proteins, with same topology, due to conserved residues within the transmembrane domains and in the larger extracellular loops. CD82 interacts with other tretaspanins and membrane proteins, thus regulating several functions such as signal transduction. On the surface of tumor cells, CD82 interacts with integrins and is suggested to serve as a supressor of tumor metastasis. In addition, on immune cells such as T cells, CD82 associates with CD81, CD4, or CD8 and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC), components of the antigen-processing and presentation pathway and tetraspanin CD63, in dendritic cells. Expression of CD82 is found on dendritic cells, monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, epithelial, and endothelial cells.Additional information: Clone

With various integrin-tetraspanin combinations being described in different cell types, the main challenge remains for us to understand the structural basis of all these interactions. In particular, it will be important to establish whether the regions that are engaged in the α3β1-CD151 interaction also form the contact interface of other integrin-tetraspanin pairs. Furthermore, what is the hierarchical order of the interactions between integrin-proximal CD151-CD81 and other tetraspanins? A detailed pair-wise analysis of various tetraspanin-tetraspanin interactions should determine the spatial organisation of integrin-tetraspanin clusters and set up a structural framework for future functional analyses. An important aspect of this work will be to establish which part(s) of tetraspanins controls their association with PtdIns 4-K and PKC isoforms. Current data pose a number of intriguing questions for the future. Firstly, why is PtdIns 4-K-associated activity not detected in the ...

The virulence of the uropathogenic E. coli strain 536 (06: K 1 5: H31) which produces the S-fimbrial adhesin (Sfa•), is serum-resistant (Sre+) and hemolytic (Hiy+) and its derivatives were assessed in five different animal models. Cloned hemolysin (h/y) determinants from the Chromosomes of 06,018 and 075 E. colistrains and from the plasmid pHiy152 were introduced into the spontaneaus Sfa-, Sre-, Hly- mutant 536-21 and its Sfa+, Sre+, Hly- variant 536-31. As already demonstrated for the 536-21 strains {lnfect. Immun. 42: 57-63) the 018-hly determinant but not the plasmid-encoded hly determinant of pHiy 1 52 transformed into 536-31 contribute to lethality in a mouse peritonitis modal. Similar results were obtained with both Hlyhost strains and their Hly+ transformants in a chicken embryo test and in a mouse nephropathogenicity assay in which the renal bacterial counts were measured 1 5 min to 8 hours after i.v. infection. S-fimbriae and serum resistance had only a marginal influence in these ...

Shop Laminin-binding fimbrial ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Laminin-binding fimbrial Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

CD63 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. These proteins mediate signal transduction

human CD231 antigen: tetraspanin protein; has the unique potential to modulate HIV-1 infectivity through incorporation into released HIV-1 particles

Tetraspanins function as molecular organizers of multi-protein complexes by assembling primary complexes of a relatively low mass into extensive networks involved in cellular signalling. In this paper, we summarize our studies performed on the tetraspanin D6.1A/CO-029/TM4SF3 expressed by rat carcinoma cells. Primary complexes of D6.1A are almost indistinguishable from complexes isolated with anti-CD9 antibody. Indeed, both tetraspanins directly associate with each other and with a third tetraspanin, CD81. Moreover, FPRP (prostaglandin F2α receptor-regulatory protein)/EWI-F/CD9P-1), an Ig superfamily member that has been described to interact with CD9 and CD81, is also a prominent element in D6.1A complexes. Primary complexes isolated with D6.1A-specific antibody are clearly different from complexes containing the tetraspanin CD151. CD151 is found to interact only with D6.1A if milder conditions, i.e. lysis with LubrolWX instead of Brij96, are applied to disrupt cellular membranes. CD151 ...

Marian Blanca Ramírez from the CSIC in Spain has been studying the effects of LRRK2, a protein associated with Parkinsons disease, on cell motility. A Travelling Fellowship from Journal of Cell Science allowed her to spend time in Prof Maddy Parsons lab at Kings College London, learning new cell migration assays and analysing fibroblasts cultured from individuals with Parkinsons. Read more on her story here. Where could your research take you? The deadline to apply for the current round of Travelling Fellowships is 30 Nov 2017. Apply now!. ...

Tetraspanins are family of small membrane proteins and they are involved in multitude of biological process. Structurally theyare characterized by having four transmembrane domains, short inner and outer loops, one large extra cellular loop containsCCG motif and N and C terminal. Iconic features of these proteins are formation of Tetraspanin Enriched Micro domains(TEMs) by interacting among themselves and with other transmembrane and cytosolic proteins. These domains provide asignaling platform for many important cellular functions such as immune response induction, fertilization, viral infection,maintenance of skin integrity and malignant process. Tetraspanin CD151 is frequently over expressed on cancer cells and isfunctionally linked to cancer metastasis. CD151 forms direct and stable and interaction with integrin molecules and regulatesthe cellular functions. Increasing evidence emerging from in vitro, in vivo and clinical analyses associates that CD151partnership with integrins ?6?1 and ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Current MISEV guidelines recommend measuring an EV associated protein. Although tetraspanin (TS) expression on EVs is heterogenous and not ubiquitous, the majority of EVs express some level of at least one of the common tetraspanins CD9, CD63, or CD81. The tetraspanin vTag™ cocktail labels these proteins and is sufficient comply with MISEV guidelines for most EVs.. Use a PE anti-TS vTag™ cocktail when sizing and counting EVs. If also using the kit to support no-wash immunofluorescent EV cargo measurement, you may select PE or another conjugate to adhere to principles of proper multicolor panel design. For example, a PE-Cy7 anti-TS cocktail is useful in some panels because it frees up the PE channel on the instrument and cargo of interest can then be measured using a PE conjugated antibody which are more widely available.. Cellarcus offers several bright vTag™ antibodies validated for sensitive, no-wash cargo detection using vFC™. Select other or use the site search to find available ...

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

TSPAN7 produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 110 amino acids(113-213a.a.)and having a molecular mass of 12.6kDa.

Tetraspanins are a superfamily of glycoproteins that function as organisers of membranes by clustering with each other to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, into which certain other receptors and signalling proteins are recruited and regulated. Tetraspanin microdomains have been implicated in a range of biological processes including cell signalling, adhesion, intracellular trafficking, cell-cell fusion and viral entry. The tetraspanin CD37 was recently shown to negatively regulate the C-type lectin-like receptor dectin-1, which is essential for innate immune responses to fungal pathogens. The aim of this thesis was to firstly develop a cell line model system to investigate the mechanism by which tetraspanins inhibit dectin-1, and to secondly extend this work to the dectin-1-related CLEC-2, which is essential for platelet thrombus formation and stability. Using a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcriptional reporter assay in the Jurkat T-cell line, transient over-expression ...

Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling. Essential for trafficking and compartmentalization of CD19 receptor on the cell surface of activated B cells (PubMed:23499492). Upon initial encounter with a microbial pathogen, enables the assembly of CD19-CR2 and B cell receptor complexes at signaling TERMs, lowering the threshold dose of antigen required to trigger B cell clonal expansion and humoral immune response (By similarity). In T cells, associates with CD4 or CD8 coreceptors and defines the maturation state of antigen-induced synapses with B cells (By similarity). Facilitates localization of CD3 in these immune synapses, required for costimulation and sustained activation of T cells, preferentially triggering T helper type 2 immune response (PubMed:11046035). Can act both as positive and negative regulator of homotypic or heterotypic cell-cell fusion processes. In myoblasts

Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD53 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It contributes to the transduction of CD2-generated signals in T cells and natural killer cells and has been suggested to play a role in growth regulation. Familial deficiency of this gene has been linked to an immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. Cluster of differentiation Tetraspanin GRCh38: Ensembl ...

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein and is similar in sequence to its family member CD53 antigen. It is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

|p|CD81 is a 26 kD non-glycosylated member of the tetraspanin superfamily (TM4SF), also known as TAPA-1 (target of an antiproliferative antibody). CD81 is expressed on T and B cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, thymocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. It also has low levels of expre

One of the key concepts in tetraspanin functions is the formation of a tetraspanin network (or web) by tetraspanins and their partner proteins (Rubinstein et al., 1996; Maecker et al., 1997; Hemler, 2005). Studies have been performed to delineate the levels and strengths of interactions in these networks (Claas et al., 2001; Charrin et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2004). The existing data indicate that there are three levels of interactions: the primary interaction between a tetraspanin and its partner, the secondary interaction between the primary complexes, and the tertiary interaction between these secondary complexes (Hemler, 2003; Levy and Shoham, 2005; Martin et al., 2005). However, most of the existing studies relied on examinations of the tetraspanin complexes based on their detergent resistance, which are relatively nonspecific and insensitive. Our current structural data and molecular model of the UP tetraspanin complexes have revealed in molecular details several levels of interactions in ...

The tetraspanin superfamily proteins play important roles in organizing membrane protein complexes, modulating integrin function, and controlling T cell adhesion. Tetraspanins such as CD82 contain two extracellular loops with its N terminus, C terminus, and inner loop exposed to the cytoplasm. The m …

Abstract Our research is aimed at understanding the mechanism of action of tetraspanins. This is a multi-gene family, which has shown remarkable conservation over evolution and whose members are expressed in mammals, insects and nematodes. Tetraspanins are also widely expressed in most cell types, forming molecular associations with different proteins in the different cell types. The tetraspanin CD81 was originally identified in our laboratory as a receptor that controls cell growth. To better define the role of CD81 we created CD81-deficient mice. These mice have impairments in their immune, nervous and reproductive systems. CD81 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of two major human diseases: hepatitis C virus (HCV) and malaria. CD81 is the putative receptor for HCV, CD81 is also required for infection by malaria. Plasmodium sporozoites mature in the liver to merozoites, the stage that infects red blood cells, this maturation step is CD81-dependent.. Recent Studies CD81 is a widely ...

Clone REA443 recognizes the human tetraspanin-8 (TSPAN8) antigen, a multi-pass membrane protein which is also known as transmembrane 4 superfamily member 3 (TM4SF3) or tumor-associated antigen CO-029. TSPAN8 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, which is a group of cell surface glycoproteins that contain four transmembrane domains and two conserved extracellular loops. Tetraspanins interact and form complexes with a wide variety of proteins, including other members of the tetraspanin family, integrins, receptors, and signaling molecules. Through these interactions, they play important roles in fundamental cellular processes such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation. It is suggested that TSPAN8 is widely expressed in various tissues, including in the digestive tract, connective tissue, bone, muscle, and kidney. TSPAN8 has also been intensively studied in the field of cancer. It has been shown to be highly expressed in colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic carcinoma cells along

CD82 a widespread transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin family. A metastasis-suppressor whose decreased expression may be involved in malignant progression. Suppresses tumor metastasis of many cancers including cancers of the prostate, bladder, colon, cervix, liver, and lung (NSCLC). It is a target of estrogen receptor-mediated gene repression and is downregulated in primary human breast cancer. May be a prognostic marker for lung cancer and tumor metastatic potential. Interacts with cell surface proteins including integrins, cadherins, CD4, CD8, IGSF8. Modulates EGFR signaling. May suppress invasion by inhibiting integrin-dependent crosstalk with c-Met receptor and Src kinases. Its regulation of c-Met signaling apparently affects cancer cell migration. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB ...

Tetraspanins are exposed at the surface of cellular membranes, which allows for the fixation of cognate antibodies. Developing specific antibodies in conjunction with genetic data would largely contribute to deciphering their biological behavior. In this short review, we summarize the main functions …

Streamline affinity-based exosome immunopurification. With magnetic beads already pre-coupled to antibodies to the tetraspanin proteins CD63, CD81, and CD9, and delivered in a 32-well format, SBIs Exo-Flow32 Tetra IP Kit simplifies high-throughput, antibody-based exosome isolation. Our magnetic bead-coupled anti-CD9 antibodies are extensively validated, and the high-quality Exo-Flow IP kit components ensure reliable, reproducible affinity-based exosome purification directly from serum or plasma. Exosomes can also be purified from other biofluids such as media, urine, and CSF, but must first be concentrated using either ExoQuick-TC® or ultracentrifugation ...

Streamline affinity-based exosome immunopurification. With magnetic beads already pre-coupled to antibodies to the tetraspanin proteins CD63, CD81, and CD9, and delivered in a 96-well format, SBIs Exo-Flow96 Tetra IP Kit simplifies high-throughput, antibody-based exosome isolation. Our magnetic bead-coupled anti-CD9 antibodies are extensively validated, and the high-quality Exo-Flow IP kit components ensure reliable, reproducible affinity-based exosome purification directly from serum or plasma. Exosomes can also be purified from other biofluids such as media, urine, and CSF, but must first be concentrated using either ExoQuick-TC® or ultracentrifugation ...

A subtype of tetraspanin protein that plays a role in cell adhesion, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. It functions in platelet activation and aggregation, the formation of paranodal junctions in neuronal tissue, and the fusion of sperm with egg ...

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4896 Pengcheng Zhou, Sonia Erfani, Zeyi Liu, Changhe Jia, Yecang Chen, Bingwei Xu, Xinyu Deng, Jose E. Alfáro, Li Chen, Dana Napier, Michael Lu, Jian-An Huang,...

We hypothesized that the first two transmembrane domains of tetraspanins might interact with each other because: a) consecutive TM domains frequently associate in known protein 3D structures [35], and b) they both contain a series of highly conserved amino acids - several Gly residues and an Asn residue (Figure 1). Conserved Gly residues are a frequent theme in the organization of interacting transmembrane domains. Analysis of 3D helix packing in polytopic membrane proteins reveals that Gly residues tend to localize in buried positions, especially at the helix-helix interfaces and helix crossing points [37, 38]. Due to the absence of a side chain, Gly provides a flat surface for packing of a side chain from another residue, without loss of side-chain entropy upon interaction. The most common Gly-containing motif is GxxxG [39, 40]. In glycophorin A (GpA), the major glycoprotein in erythrocyte cell membranes, Gly79 and Gly83 are part of the LIxxGVxxGVxxT sequence that promotes homodimerization of ...

tetraspanins certainly are a broadly expressed superfamily of transmembrane glycoproteins with over 30 members found in humans and with homologues conserved through distantly related varieties including bugs sponges and fungi. to numerous endogenous pathologies including malignancy development and inherited disorders (Table ?(Table11). TABLE 1. Users of the tetraspanin superfamily with reported links to pathologiesfamily) is definitely a negative-stranded RNA disease Tofacitinib citrate similar to human being measles trojan that the web host cell surface area receptor(s) are not discovered (46). For FIV an anti-CD9 antibody provides been proven to inhibit viral an infection (83) and transfection of Compact disc9 into cell lines boosts viral production resulting in a lot more infectious centers and bigger syncytia in keeping with the consequences of Compact disc9 appearance on syncytium development with a rhabdomyosarcoma cell series (155). Compact disc9 will not seem to be a receptor for CDV ...

Wnts are not the only ligands of the FZD receptors. The cysteine-knot protein Norrin, encoded by the NDP gene, can also bind and activate Wnt receptors. In humans, NDP mutations cause Norrie disease, an X-linked disorder characterized by hypovascularization of the retina and a severe loss of visual function (Xu et al, 2004). Norrin binds with high affinity and specificity to FZD-4 (Shen et al, 2015), while coexpression of Norrin, FZD-4, and LRP5 potently activates Wnt/ßcatenin signaling. Biochemical evidence and analyses of mice carrying mutations in the tetraspanin family member, Tspan12, provide evidence that Tspan12 is a Norrin-specific co-receptor that may act by forming a ternary complex with FZD4 (Lai et al, 2017). ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [S K Tiwari-Woodruff, A G Buznikov, T Q Vu, P E Micevych, K Chen, H I Kornblum, J M Bronstein].

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission takes place primarily through cell-cell contacts known as virological synapses. Formation of these transient adhesions between infected and uninfected cells can lead to transmission of viral particles followed by separation of the cells. Alternatively, the cells can fuse, thus forming a syncytium. Tetraspanins, small scaffolding proteins that are enriched in HIV-1 virions and actively recruited to viral assembly sites, have been found to negatively regulate HIV-1 Env-induced cell-cell fusion. How these transmembrane proteins inhibit membrane fusion, however, is currently not known. As a first step towards elucidating the mechanism of fusion repression by tetraspanins, e.g., CD9 and CD63, we sought to identify the stage of the fusion process during which they operate. Using a chemical epistasis approach, four fusion inhibitors were employed in tandem with CD9 overexpression. Cells overexpressing CD9 were found to be sensitized to inhibitors

The terms exovesicle and extracellular vesicle refer to any biological vesicle extant outside of a cell, regardless of its origin (Raposo & Stoorvogel, 2013). Here I will use the term microvesicle to indicate extracellular vesicles that directly bud from the plasma membrane. Microvesicle is synonymous with ectosome, shedding vesicle, and microparticle. In contrast, exosomes originate as ILVs within MVBs that fuse with the plasma membrane. MVBs are also referred to as multivesicular endosomes (MVEs).. The concept of an ESCRT role in exosome biogenesis is not new and seems natural given that exosomes originate in MVBs and that ESCRTs comprise the major machinery for MVB biogenesis. However, several prominent studies employing dominant‐negative VPS4 (Trajkovic et al, 2008) and knockdowns (van Niel et al, 2011) reported negative or mixed findings with respect to ESCRT requirements in exosome biogenesis. The tetraspanin CD63 was consistently observed in exosomes, suggesting that ...

Complete information for TSPAN33 gene (Protein Coding), Tetraspanin 33, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Complete information for TSPAN32 gene (Protein Coding), Tetraspanin 32, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

We supply high-quality and best service for Koyo 6007-RZ bearing.Koyo 6007-RZ bearing are widely used in motor, industrial machinery, CNC lathes, high-precision processing machine, locomotive industry.Leading products of Koyo 6007-RZ bearing: deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning bearing, pillow block bearings, plane ball bearing, cylindrical roller bearing.. Koyo 6007-RZ bearing are widely used in industrial drive, agriculture, compressors, motors and generators, construction, industrial fan, industrial transmission and other fields. Explorer series bearing of Koyo 6007-RZ bearing are better than any brand bearings currently in bearing performance , lifetime, design, and the use of performance. Explorer series bearings of Koyo 6007-RZ bearing have more advantages ,such as higher meet rated , lower noise, reducing warranty costs greatly, increasing running time of the machine .. ...