TY - JOUR. T1 - A potent virus-specific antibody-secreting cell response to acute enterovirus 71 infection in children. AU - Huang, Kuan Ying Arthur. AU - Lin, Jainn Jim. AU - Chiu, Cheng Hsun. AU - Yang, Shuan. AU - Tsao, Kuo Chien. AU - Huang, Yhu Chering. AU - Lin, Tzou Yien. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Background: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) remains a leading pathogen for acute infectious diseases in children, especially in Asia. The cellular basis for establishing a virus-specific antibody response to acute EV71 infections is unclear in children. Methods: We studied the magnitude of virus-specific antibody-secreting B cells (ASCs) and its relationship with serological response, clinical parameters, and virological parameters among children with laboratory-confirmed EV71 infection. Results: A potent EV71 genogroup B-and virus-specific ASC response was detected in the first week of illness among genotype B5 EV71-infected children. The cross-reactive EV71-specific ASC response to genogroup C viral ...
Rationale: Furthermore to their well-known function as antibody-producing cells, B lymphocytes can markedly influence the course of infectious or noninfectious diseases via antibody-independent mechanisms. response 88) signaling. deficiency correlated with an enhanced accumulation of regulatory/antiinflammatory macrophages in Mtb-infected lungs. Conclusions: Mouse monoclonal to PTK7 Type I IFN produced by Mtb-stimulated B cells favors macrophage polarization toward a regulatory/antiinflammatory phenotype during Mtb contamination. in an innate manner to create type I IFN to eventually modulate the polarization of macrophages toward a regulatory/antiinflammatory profile and in contaminated lungs. This pathway was seen in a murine style of TB and in B cells isolated from sufferers with TB. Our observations reveal B cells as book regulators of immunity to TB through type I IFNCmediated polarization of myeloid cells. Infections with (Mtb) qualified prospects to the forming of lung lesions, the ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Mac-1-negative B-1b phenotype of natural antibody-producing cells, including those responding to Galα1,3Gal epitopes α1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient mice. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibody-secreting cells with a phenotype of Ki-67low, CD138high, CD31high, and CD38high secrete nonspecific IgM during primary hepatitis a virus infection. AU - Hong, Seokchan. AU - Lee, Hyun Woong. AU - Chang, Dong Yeop. AU - You, Sooseong. AU - Kim, Jihye. AU - Park, Jun Yong. AU - Ahn, Sang Hoon. AU - Yong, Dongeun. AU - Han, Kwang Hyub. AU - Yoo, Ook Joon. AU - Shin, Eui Cheol. PY - 2013/7/1. Y1 - 2013/7/1. N2 - Although studies investigating the nature of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) during acute infection with influenza or dengue virus found that the ASC response was dominated by virus-specific IgG secretion, the Ag specificity and phenotype of ASCs during primary acute viral infection were not identified. To this end, we investigated the nature of ASCs in direct ex vivo assays from patients with acute hepatitis A caused by primary infection with hepatitis Avirus (HAV).We found that the frequency of CD27highCD38 high ASCs was markedly increased in the peripheral blood during ...
We have recently reported on the accumulation of plasma cells (PCs) in the human thymus, starting several months after birth. This thymic PC niche includes clones specific to common viruses presumably generated through peripheral responses. Humans acquire humoral immunity to dietary antigens during the first 3 years of life. Here we investigated whether such immunity also resulted in the homing of specific PC to the thymus. Using ELISPOT assays, we tested for the presence of antibody-producing cells specific to known immunogenic food antigens among B cells isolated from discarded thymus specimens from 1 day to 3 years patients. Results revealed the presence of PC specific to cows milk, egg and wheat derived antigens in 2 out of 10 patients. Furthermore, the presence of thymic food antigen-specific PC was associated with high serum IgG titers to same antigens, indicative of an ongoing immune response. Our study demonstrates for the first time the presence of antibody-secreting cells specific to ...
The invention provides methods for producing antibodies by transplanting a cell that produces an antibody of interest into a mammal and isolating the desired antibodies from the mammal. The invention also features methods of transplanting antibody-producing cells into a mammal.
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Finding factors important for differentiation of antibody-secreting cells will help us engineer a B cell therapy for protein replacement or treat antibody-mediated disease.
TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of B cell proliferation in the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in man. AU - Jelinek, Diane F. AU - Lipsky, P. E.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - The relationship of B cell proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) was explored in vitro by examining the effect of hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of cellular DNA synthesis, on the generation of ISC from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). HU completely inhibited the capacity of PBM to generate ISC in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and other polyclonal B cell activators. Inhibition resulted from an effect on B cell proliferation, because HU also prevented the generation of ISC in cultures of purified B cells supplemented with either T cell supernatants or mitomycin C-treated T cells. Inhibiting B cell proliferation by treating them with mitomycin C before culture also abolished the generation of ISC. When ISC were enumerated after a 7-day incubation with PWM, the addition ...
Immunologists from Emory University have identified a distinct set of long-lived antibody-producing cells in the human bone marrow that function as an immune archive.
The kinetics of the generation of primed IgM and IgG antibody-forming cell precursors, and of helper T-cell populations, were analyzed in mice whose primary responses to high and low doses of SRBC were arrested at intervals by the immunosuppressive agents cyclophosphamide monohydrate and specific antibody. The extent to which immunological memory was established in these animals before blockade of the primary response was assessed by the hemolytic plaque assay following challenge 12 wk after priming. The presence of IgG B-memory cells and T-memory cells in suppressed mice was further investigated by the transfer into these animals of syngeneic SRBC-stimulated thymocytes or anti-θ-treated spleen cells.. It was found that the progenitors of secondary IgM-synthesizing cells were primed almost immediately after injection of antigen, and that early blockade of the primary response resulted in a raised IgM response after challenge. On the other hand, priming for a secondary IgG response took at least ...
The immune system can produce many types of antibodies, directed against infectious viruses (good) or against human proteins as in lupus (harmful). Each antibody-secreting cell carries DNA rearrangements that reflect the makeup of its antibody product. With next-generation sequencing technology, scientists can use the DNA to identify and track that cell, like reading a bar code on an item in a supermarket.. Tipton, Sanz, and their colleagues have been using these DNA bar codes to deepen our understanding of immune responses in lupus. They obtained blood samples from eight patients experiencing lupus flares and compared them to eight healthy people who had recently been vaccinated against influenza or tetanus.. When the immune system is responding to something its seen before, such as when someone receives a booster vaccine, the bar codes of the antibody-producing cells look quite similar to each other. A set of just a few antibody-producing cells multiply and expand. By contrast, the ...
Antibody-bearing cells of spleen and lymph node of the mouse and rabbit detected by rosette formation with the antigenic red blood cells were collected by micropipet and studied by electron microscopy. More than 300 such cells were examined. In the lymph nodes, rosette-forming cells were all in the lymphocytic and plasmacytic categories. In cells of the mouse spleen, macrophages were also found among the RFC, especially in the later days after immunization.. The great majority of the RFC, 70-100%, were of the lymphocytic category. These included small, medium, and large lymphocytes with fine gradations of differentiation, and blast forms with little heterochromatin. The endoplasmic reticulum of these cells occurred in short, very narrow pieces, usually in contact with a mitochondrion. The cells of the plasmacytic category also showed fine gradations from plasmablasts to typical mature plasma cells.. Plaque-forming cells of mouse and rabbit were also collected by micropipet. Of 162 such cells, ...
This unit describes the antigenic stimulation of in vitro antibody production by B cells and the subsequent measurement of secreted antibodies. A generalized system for inducing in vitro antibody production is presented along with a procedure for quantifying the number of antibody-producing cells by plaque-forming cell (PFC) assays: the Cunningham-Szenberg technique and the Jerne-Nordin technique. The assay can be modified as described to measure all classes of antibodies or to enumerate total immunoglobulin-secreting B cells. A protocol for preparing the resting B cells by Percoll gradient centrifugation is also described. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Surface expression and synthesis of I-A and I-E/C encoded molecules by B lymphocytes and Ig-secreting cells. AU - Vitetta, E. S.. AU - Cook, R. G.. PY - 1979/1/1. Y1 - 1979/1/1. N2 - Splenocytes from recombinant mice were radiolabeled before or after deletion of subpopulations by cytotoxic anterisera (+C) directed against I-A, I-E/C, IgM, or Ig. Examination of the lysates of the surviving cells by immunoprecipitation demonstrated that 1) virtually all I-A and I-E/C molecules are co-expressed and synthesized by Ig+, IgM+ lymphocytes, 2) I-A, I-E/C, and IgM molecules are present on many of the cells secreting IgM and IgG, and 3) populations of bearing or Ig secreting cells that lack detectable I-A and I-E/C antigens can be identified in spleen cell populations. The co expression of I-A and I-E/C on most cells of the B cell lineage is discussed in terms of our present concepts of Ir gene control of immune responses.. AB - Splenocytes from recombinant mice were radiolabeled before or ...
Quintans, J and Lefkovits, I, Clones of antibody-forming cells in pokeweed mitogen stimulated microcultures. II. Estimation of the frequency of precursor cells and the average clone size. (1974). Subject Strain Bibliography 1974. 816 ...
The vibriolytic plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay was used to study the kinetics of the primary and secondary immune responses of mice and rabbits immunized with heat-killed cholera vibrios. Immunocytes releasing IgG antibody could be detected as readily as those immunocytes secreting IgM antibody in spleens of BALB/c mice and New Zealand White rabbits after a single injection of vaccine. Peak numbers of indirect (IgG) PFC were detected 3 to 4 days after the peak direct (IgM) PFC response (12 to 14 days). In contrast, only direct vibriolytic PFC were detected in spleens of NIH Albino mice during the primary response to cholera antigens. After a second injection of vaccine, IgM, IgG, and IgA PFC were detected in both mouse strains with peak responses for each immunocyte class occurring within the first week after booster injection. Heat-killed vibrios or a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extract, but not cholera exotoxin or E. coli LPS, inhibited the vibriolytic response. Furthermore, viable cholera ...
Ab-secreting cell (ASC) expansion and survival are important processes in optimizing vaccines and controlling autoimmunity. The microenvironment of the medullary cords is positioned to control these key processes. Previously, we imaged and characterized ASC differentiation and migration by
June 11, 2015. When exposed to a foreign agent, such as an immunogenic protein, B cells in lymphoid organs (such as the spleen) undergo germinal center (immune defense) reactions. The image on the left is an normal immunized mouse spleen with activated B cells (brown) that produce antibodies. At right, top: a scanning electron micrograph of synthetic porous synthetic immune organoids that enable rapid proliferation and activation of B cells into antibody-producing cells. At right, bottom: primary B cell viability and distribution is visible 24 hours following encapsulation of B cells from the mouse lymphoid organ into the synthetic organoids. (credit: Singh Lab). Cornell University engineers have created a functional, synthetic immune organoid (a lab-grown ball of cells with some of the features of a normal organ) that produces antibodies. The engineered organ has implications for everything from rapid production of immune therapies to new frontiers in cancer or infectious disease ...
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Neoplasm:, Organs:, Serology: Antigen,, Types of Tumors:, Transplantable Tumors: P815, EL 4, LSTRA, Genes: H-2 - Histocompatibility-2, Strains: A(CAL-A) (A/J), BALB/C, C57BL/6, NZB. ...
Plasma cell definition, Anatomy. an antibody-secreting cell, derived from B cells, that plays a major role in antibody-mediated immunity. See more.
Immunologists from Emory University have identified a distinct set of long-lived antibody-producing cells in the human bone marrow that function as an immune archive.. The cells keep a catalog of how an adults immune system responded to infections decades ago in childhood encounters with measles or mumps viruses. The results, published Tuesday, July 14 in , could provide vaccine designers with a goalpost when aiming for long-lasting antibody production.. If youre developing a vaccine, you want to fill up this compartment with cells that respond to your target antigen, says co-senior author F. Eun-Hyung Lee, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Emory University School of Medicine and director of Emory Healthcares Asthma, Allergy and Immunology program.. The findings could advance investigation of autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, by better defining the cells that produce auto-reactive antibodies.. Co-senior author of the Immunity paper is Iñaki Sanz, ...
Although studies investigating the nature of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) during acute infection with influenza or dengue virus found that the ASC response was dominated by virus-specific IgG secretion, the Ag specificity and phenotype of ASCs during primary acute viral infection were not identified. To this end, we investigated the nature of ASCs in direct ex vivo assays from patients with acute hepatitis A caused by primary infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We found that the frequency of CD27highCD38high ASCs was markedly increased in the peripheral blood during the acute phase of HAV infection. Moreover, substantial numbers of ASCs were non-HAV-specific and dominantly secreted IgM. We detected HAV-specific ASCs by staining with fluorochrome-tagged HAV-VP1 protein. As compared with HAV-specific ASCs, non-HAV-specific ASCs were Ki-67lowCD138highCD31highCD38high, demonstrating that non-HAV-specific ASCs had a bone marrow plasma cell-like phenotype whereas HAV-specific ASCs had a phenotype ...
We evaluated virus-specific B and T cell responses induced by the attenuated Wa (P1A[8]G1) human rotavirus (AttHRV) oral 2-dose vaccine with or without Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) colonization in neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. The AttHRV vaccinated and LA-fed pigs had a significantly higher magnitude of HRV-specific IFN-gamma producing CD8+ T cell responses in ileum and spleen, IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cell responses in ileum, and serum IgM, IgA and IgG antibody and virus neutralizing antibody titers compared to the AttHRV vaccinated pigs without LA colonization ...
Scientist working with start-up flask of mammalian cell culture used for the commercial production of recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. The initial stage of producing a culture of monoclonal antibodies involves the fusion of a normal antibody-producing cell (a lymphocyte) with a rapidly multiplying tumour cell. The resulting hybridoma cells are multiplied in fermenters to produce large numbers of genetically identical copies, each secreting the antibody produced by the original lymphocyte. In this way large amounts of specific antibodies can be produced for use in medicine as vaccines or in diagnostic tests. BRO 3.8 - Stock Image G252/0076
Adiponectin (AdipoQ) is an adipokine mainly secreted by white fatty tissue, playing a major role in energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. For cattle, AdipoQ data are largely limited to mRNA expression; to our knowledge, valid information about the AdipoQ protein in bovine tissues and body fluids is not available. Therefore, we have developed a monoclonal antibody against bovine AdipoQ. This study describes the preparation, application, and characterization of a monoclonal antibody for use in ELISA, Western blot, and histology. The antibody was developed by PEG fusion of the SP2/0 cell line with splenic B cells from AdipoQ immunized C57Bl/6 mice. Antibody-producing cells were identified by ELISA and specified by immunoblotting and immunostaining of bovine retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The novel antibody detects AdipoQ in histological samples, ELISA, and Western blots ...
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Xiao-Liang Wang, Guang-Hou Zhao, Jin Zhang, Qi-Yun Shi, Wei-Xiao Guo, Xiu-Li Tian, Jia-Zhang Qiu, Li-Zi Yin, Xu-Ming Deng, Yu Song].
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Диагностика. Cокращения, используемые при диагностике (OBD). Диагностика OBD-II (ОБД 2). Перечень сокращений, используемых в OBD-II (ОБД 2). Таблица сокращений OBD. AFC.
South Korea is in the spotlight right now for the Winter Olympics, and we love tuning in. But this country is also known for their clever beauty products.. Megan Moore shares some of the biggest trends in K-Beauty that are making their way to the U.S.. Find more of Megans recommendations on her website, www.thebeautysnoop.com.. ...
Summary Chickens were immunized with eight different serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (PMV). Ninety percent of splenic IgG antibody-forming cells (AFC) were serotype-specific with respect to the glycoprotein and nucleoprotein-polymerase antigens in an indirect immunoperoxidase binding system. The IgG AFCs which cross-reacted between serotypes divided the serotypes into two mutually exclusive super serogroups composed of PMV-1, -3, -4, -7 and -9, and PMV-2, -6 and -8. PMV-5 was not tested.
The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay was originally developed to enumerate antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), and has subsequently been adapted for various applications, including the detection cytokine-secreting cells. Owing to its exceptionally high sensitivity, the ELISPOT has proven to be especially useful for detecting discrete populations of active cells (e.g., antigen-specific cells). Because of its versatility, the ELISPOT assay is used for a wide range of applications, including clonal analyses of immune responses after vaccination or after immunotherapy. Here we describe standard protocols for the detection of human ASCs specific to virtually any vaccine antigen after enrichment of circulating plasmablasts. In addition, a protocol is described for the measurement of mucosal ASC responses after prior immunomagnetic enrichment of mucosally derived blood lymphocytes. The protocols described allow rapid (∼6-8 h) detection of specific ASCs in small (1-2 ml) samples of blood
By Emily Burke, PhD, Director of Curriculum Development, BiotechPrimer.com. Editors Note: This article originally appeared in Biotech Primer Weekly. For more of the science behind the headlines, please subscribe.. Multiple myeloma is a cancer formed by a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. These cells are the antibody-producing cells of our immune system and play a critical role in our defense against infections. If they begin to grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, however, they form a plasmacytoma - a mass of cells within the bone marrow that no longer function in our defense but instead simply take up space and interfere with the functions of healthy cells. Instead of producing normal disease-fighting antibodies, plasmacytoma cells produce abnormal antibodies called M proteins, which dont provide any benefit to the body and crowd out normally functioning antibodies.. Easily Confused: Plasma Cells vs Blood Plasma. Plasma cells are specialized white blood cells that produce ...
Antibodies defend us against infections, so they often get described as weapons. And the cells that produce them could be weapon factories?. To understand recent research from immunologist Jerry Bosss lab, a more appropriate metaphor is the distinction between sprinting and long-distance running.. Graduate student Madeline Price in Bosss lab has been investigating how antibody-producing cells use glucose - the simple sugar- and how the cells patterns of gene activity reflect that usage. Cells can use glycolysis, which is inefficient but fast, analogous to sprinting, or oxidative phosphorylation, generating much more energy overall, more like long distance running.. As Boss and Price point out:. ...
Antibodies defend us against infections, so they often get described as weapons. And the cells that produce them could be weapon factories?. To understand recent research from immunologist Jerry Bosss lab, a more appropriate metaphor is the distinction between sprinting and long-distance running.. Graduate student Madeline Price in Bosss lab has been investigating how antibody-producing cells use glucose - the simple sugar- and how the cells patterns of gene activity reflect that usage. Cells can use glycolysis, which is inefficient but fast, analogous to sprinting, or oxidative phosphorylation, generating much more energy overall, more like long distance running.. As Boss and Price point out:. ...
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A reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) for angiotensinogen was developed in rat hepatoma H4 cells and applied to investigate the possible secretion of angiotensinogen from rat pituitary cells in primary culture. Over a 24-hour incubation period in Cunningham chambers plaques with a mean area of 2,800 +/- 430 and 590 +/- 220 microns2/plaque (SD, n = 6) formed around all viable H4 cells and 2.8 +/- 0.59% of viable pituitary cells respectively. As a positive control PRL secretion from lactotrophs was routinely checked by the RHPA and shown to form plaques with a mean area of 4,050 +/- 1,850 microns2/plaque after a 4-hour incubation. By comparing plaque size in H4 cells with angiotensinogen release in cell culture, as quantified by radioimmunoassay, the secretion rate of angiotensinogen from pituitary cells was calculated as 22 +/- 8 ng/10(6) cells/24 h. Plaque-forming cells consisted of two morphologically distinct populations; 78% being small cells (less than 6 microns diameter) containing little
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
TUESDAY, May 25, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- Mild cases of COVID-19 leave people with long-term antibody protection against reinfection, according to a new study that challenges previous findings.. Last fall, there were reports that antibodies wane quickly after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19, and mainstream media interpreted that to mean that immunity was not long-lived, said study senior author Ali Ellebedy, an associate professor of pathology and immunology, medicine and molecular microbiology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.. But thats a misinterpretation of the data. Its normal for antibody levels to go down after acute infection, but they dont go down to zero; they plateau, Ellebedy said in a university news release. Here, we found antibody-producing cells in people 11 months after first symptoms. These cells will live and produce antibodies for the rest of peoples lives. Thats strong evidence for long-lasting immunity.. The study included 77 ...
Human peripheral blood isolation. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited to receive the 2014-2015 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) Fluarix (GSK) at the University of Chicago with approval by the institutional review board (protocol 09-043A). Peripheral blood (40-80 ml) was drawn 7 days after immunization. B cells were enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by the RosetteSep Human B cell Enrichment Kit (Stem Cell Technologies, catalog 15024), and treated and isolated with a Lymphoprep gradient (Corning, catalog 25-072). The 6 subjects with the highest vaccine-positive antibody-secreting cell frequency determined by ELISPSOT were selected for inclusion in our study.. ELISPOT. B cell-enriched PBMCs (0.25 × 106 to 1.0 × 106 cells) were transferred onto ELISPOT plates (Millipore, catalog MSHAN4B50). Plates were coated with goat anti-human immunoglobulin (whole IgG, IgM, and IgA, KPL, catalog 01-10-07) at 5 μg/ml or with the total administered QIV at 10 μl/ml both in PBS ...
The immune status of children with malignant disease in remission was assessed usingvarious immune function tests. Children with infections had significantlymore neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, and impaired cell-mediated immune responses than those without. These two groups combined had much more absolute lymphopenia and impairment of both cell-mediated immunity and antibody-producing capacity thancontrol children with non-malignant conditions. Regular immunological evaluation isrecommended for children with malignant disease when new intensive treatment schedules are under trial and for individual patients particularly prone to develop infections during treatment. ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Number of specific antibody-secreting cells in the peripheral blood among children with mycoplasma pneumonia. AU - Iseki, Mikiro. AU - Takahashi, Takao. AU - Kimura, Kyoko. AU - Yamashita, Ryoko. AU - Sasaki, Tsuguo. PY - 1996. Y1 - 1996. N2 - Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the peripheral blond were enumerated with an enzyme-linked immunospot assay in 12 children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Those cells were detected in the acute phases and declined in number in the convalescent stage. The maximum numbers of M. pneumoniae-specific ASCs ranged from 0 to 478 for immunoglobulin G (IgG), 13 to 1,992 for IgM, and 0 to 53 for IgA per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas the total numbers (i.e., including both specific and nonspecific) of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgSCs) were as high as 4,000 for both IgG and IgM and 1,000 for IgA per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Such a great increase in the numbers of total IgSCs in ...
Semantic Scholar extracted view of Influence of route and dose of antigen on the migration inhibition and plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. by Swaminathan Jayaraman et al.
We acknowledge the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation, the traditional owners and custodians of the land on which the Garvan Institute of Medical Research is located. We pay respects to Elders, past, present and future, and recognise the continuing connection and contribution to this land. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Small and large B cells respond differently to T-cell-derived B cell growth and differentiation factors. AU - Layton, J. E.. AU - Krammer, P. H.. AU - Hamaoka, T.. AU - Uhr, J. W.. AU - Vitetta, E. S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1985. Y1 - 1985. N2 - A major in B cell biology is the determination of the roles played by helper T (T(H)) cells vs cytokines in the activation, replication, and differentiation of B lymphocytes. There is general agreement that activated B cells in cycle can replicate and terminally differentiate when provided with appropriate T cell-derived lymphokines. There is considerable controversy, however, as to whether cytokines can induce resting G0 B cells to secrete IgM. Some reports claim that T(H) cells are required before cytokines can act. In contrast, other reports claim that some T cell-derived supernatants (SN) have the capacity to activate resting B cells to become immunoglobulin-secreting cells. In the ...
The T cell lymphokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), plays a pivotal role in an immune response by stimulating antigen-activated B lymphocytes to progress through the cell cycle and to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. An IL-2 inducible B lymphoma line, in which the growth and differentiation responses are uncoupled, provides a model system for dissecting the signaling mechanisms operating in each response. This system was used to show that both signals are initiated by IL-2 binding to a single, unifunctional receptor complex. Moreover, both signals are transduced by a pathway that does not involve any known second messenger system and that can be blocked by a second T cell lymphokine, interleukin 4. These findings suggest that the pleiotrophic effects of IL-2 are determined by different translations of the signal in the nucleus. ...
Potential effect of various immunocompetent cells from ascitic fluid on overall survival calculated using Cox proportional-hazards regression model
A cytological, cytochemical, and cytometric study of plasma cells from 195 cases of multiple myeloma showed that, contrary to earlier reports, flaming cells, thesaurocytes, and intranuclear inclusions are not confined to IgA-secreting cases but are common also in IgG and Bence Jones varieties of myeloma. IgA-secreting cells are not larger, nor do they have a lower nuclear cytoplasmic ratio than other myeloma cells. On average, for a given mass of tumour, Bence-Jones, IgG, and IgA varieties of myeloma produce amounts of paraprotein in the ratio 1 to 1-6 to 2-7. ...
The effect of neonatal infection with Friend virus (FV) and Rowson-Parr virus (RPV) on the maturation of the capacity to respond to sheep red cells, as measured by the numbers of hemolytic plaque-forming cells in the spleen, was investigated in BALB/c mice. Both viruses affected immunological maturation but there were significant differences between their effects. The development with age of the ability to produce plaque-forming cells in response to antigen was virtually abolished by FV and only slightly impaired by RPV. Furthermore, FV also suppressed the development of background plaque-forming cells, whereas RPV did not. ...
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages and plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells.
Upon encounter with antigen, B lymphocytes differentiate into Ig-secreting plasma cells. This step involves a massive development of secretory organelles, most notably the endoplasmic reticulum. To analyze the relationship between organelle reshaping and Ig secretion, we performed a dynamic proteomi …
The frequency of mitogen-reactive B cells yielding an IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) response has been determined in vitro by limiting dilution analysis under cu
Darwin argued in The Origin of Species that the widespread occurrence of vestigial organs-organs that may have once had a function but are now useless-is evidence against creation. On the view of each organism with all its separate parts having been specially created, how utterly inexplicable is it that organs bearing the plain stamp of inutility… should so frequently occur. But such organs, he argued, are readily explained by his theory: On the view of descent with modification, we may conclude that the existence of organs in a rudimentary, imperfect, and useless condition, or quite aborted, far from presenting a strange difficulty, as they assuredly do on the old doctrine of creation, might even have been anticipated in accordance with the views here explained.25. In The Descent of Man, Darwin cited the human appendix as an example of a vestigial organ. But Darwin was mistaken: The appendix is now known to be an important source of antibody-producing blood cells and thus an integral part ...
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