Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are vectors of malaria because of their ability to transmit Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The major impact of malaria is in subSaharan Africa where at least 90% of the deaths from malaria occur. In Kenya, malaria accounts for 30% of all outpatients and 19% of all admissions to health facilities. Malaria can also affect the quality of labour negatively and also can lead to low productivity through absenteeism. Anopheles gambiae is the vector associated with stable malaria transmission in Africa because it is strongly anthropophilic, feeding exclusively on humans. One of the greatest challenges facing malaria control is the spread and intensification of parasite resistance to treatment. P. falciparum has become resistant to almost all malaria drugs including artemisinin and its derivatives. This means that there is need to come up with effective methods to control mosquito populations as well as diversifying methods of malaria treatment. There is no single mosquito ...

Mosquito control remains a central pillar of efforts to reduce malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. However, insecticide resistance is entrenched in malaria vector populations, and countries with a high malaria burden face a daunting challenge to sustain malaria control with a limited set of surveillance and intervention tools. Here we report on the second phase of a project to build an open resource of high-quality data on genome variation among natural populations of the major African malaria vector species |i|Anopheles gambiae|/i| and |i|Anopheles coluzzii|/i| We analyzed whole genomes of 1142 individual mosquitoes sampled from the wild in 13 African countries, as well as a further 234 individuals comprising parents and progeny of 11 laboratory crosses. The data resource includes high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calls at 57 million variable sites, genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) calls, and haplotypes phased at biallelic SNPs. We use these data to analyze genetic

Appropriate monitoring of vector insecticide susceptibility is required to provide the rationale for optimal insecticide selection in vector control programs. In order to assess the influence of mosquito age on susceptibility to various insecticides, field-collected larvae of An. gambiae s.l. from Tiassalé were reared to adults. Females aged 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 days were exposed to 5 insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, malathion and propoxur) using WHO susceptibility test kits. Outcome measures included the LT50 (exposure time required to achieve 50% knockdown), the RR (resistance ratio, i.e. a calculation of how much more resistant the wild population is compared with a standard susceptible strain) and the mortality rate following 1 hour exposure, for each insecticide and each mosquito age group. There was a positive correlation between the rate of knockdown and mortality for all the age groups and for all insecticides tested. For deltamethrin, the RR50 was highest for 2 day old and lowest for

Kurscheid, S., Lew-Tabor, A.E., Rodriguez Valle, M., Bruyeres, A.G., Doogan, V.J., Munderloh, U.G. et al. (2009) Evidence of a tick RNAi pathway by comparative genomics and reverse genetics screen of targets with known loss-of-function phenotypes in Drosophila. BMC Mol Biol 10: 26 ...

Y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex determination and fertility. However, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of Y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model organisms, constraining our understanding of Y biology across the tree of life. Here, we leverage long single-molecule sequencing to determine the content and structure of the nonrecombining Y chromosome of the primary African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae We find that the An. gambiae Y consists almost entirely of a few massively amplified, tandemly arrayed repeats, some of which can recombine with similar repeats on the X chromosome. Sex-specific genome resequencing in a recent species radiation, the An. gambiae complex, revealed rapid sequence turnover within An. gambiae and among species. Exploiting 52 sex-specific An. gambiae RNA-Seq datasets representing all developmental stages, we identified a small repertoire of Y-linked genes that lack X ...

Natural products of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity aginst the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Young Scientists Meeting on Advances in Phytochemical analysis; 2018-07-02 - 2018-07- ...

A longitudinal survey of mosquito larval habitats was carried out in Asembo Bay, western Kenya, during the rainy season of 1998. All pools of standing water along a 700-m transect were sampled twice per week. For each habitat, eight environmental variables were recorded and a sample of anopheline larvae was collected for identification. In total, 1,751 Anopheles gambiae s.l. and 2,784 Anopheles funestus Giles were identified. Identification of An. gambiae s.l. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that 240 (14.7%) were An. gambiae Giles and 858 (52.4%) were An. arabiensis Patton; PCR failed to identify 539 (32.9%) specimens. Repeated measures logistic regression analysis indicated that An. gambiae and An. arabiensis larvae were associated with small, temporary habitats with algae and little or no aquatic vegetation. Anopheles funestus larvae were associated with larger, semipermanent bodies of water containing aquatic vegetation and algae. Direct comparison of habitat characteristics ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Genome-wide QTL mapping of saltwater tolerance in sibling species of Anopheles (malaria vector) mosquitoes. AU - Smith, H. A.. AU - White, B. J.. AU - Kundert, P.. AU - Cheng, C.. AU - Romero-Severson, J.. AU - Andolfatto, P.. AU - Besansky, N. J.. PY - 2015/11/1. Y1 - 2015/11/1. N2 - Although freshwater (FW) is the ancestral habitat for larval mosquitoes, multiple species independently evolved the ability to survive in saltwater (SW). Here, we use quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of osmoregulation in Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of human malaria. We analyzed 1134 backcross progeny from a cross between the obligate FW species An. coluzzii, and its closely related euryhaline sibling species An. merus. Tests of 2387 markers with Bayesian interval mapping and machine learning (random forests) yielded six genomic regions associated with SW tolerance. Overlap in QTL regions from both approaches enhances confidence in QTL identification. ...

Sample preparation was similar to that described in Helinski et al. [2]. The amount of nitrogen present in the spermatheca was below the detection limit of the mass spectrometer setup (approx. , 20 μg). Samples were therefore spiked with 10 μl of a standard ammonium sulphate solution containing ~20 μg of nitrogen [3]. Virgin (i.e. spermathecae from virgin females) and standard samples (i.e. tin cup containing just the spike on quartz paper) were included. Whole body analyses were performed on teneral mosquitoes to determine their overall level of enrichment. Sample analysis [4] and interpretation were similar to Helinski et al. [2]. The δ15N‰ values reported are referenced to the international reference standard for nitrogen, i.e. atmospheric nitrogen or AIR. Samples were analysed at the International Atomic Energy Agency.. Prior to analyses, data were checked for normality and the appropriate tests were performed (i.e. General Linear Models (GLMs) with planned contrasts (Tukeys HSD) or ...

Anopheles funestus Giles is a major malaria vector in Africa belonging to a group of species with morphologically similar characteristics. Morphological identification of members of the A. funestus group is difficult because of overlap of distinguishing characteristics in adult or immature stages as well as the necessity to rear isofemale lines to examine larval and egg characters. A rapid rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed to accurately identify five members of the A. funestus group. This PCR is based on species-specific primers in the ITS2 region on the rDNA to identify A. funestus (approximately 505bp), Anopheles vaneedeni Gillies and Coetzee (approximately 587bp), Anopheles rivulorum Leeson (approximately 411bp), Anopheles leesoni Evans (approximately 146bp), and Anopheles parensis Gillies (approximately 252bp).

Adaptive introgression can provide novel genetic variation to fuel rapid evolutionary responses, though it may be counterbalanced by potential for detrimental disruption of the recipient genomic background. We examine the extent and impact of recent introgression of a strongly selected insecticide-resistance mutation (Vgsc-1014F) located within one of two exceptionally large genomic islands of divergence separating the Anopheles gambiae species pair. Here we show that transfer of the Vgsc mutation results in homogenization of the entire genomic island region (~1.5% of the genome) between species. Despite this massive disruption, introgression is clearly adaptive with a dramatic rise in frequency of Vgsc-1014F and no discernable impact on subsequent reproductive isolation between species. Our results show (1) how resilience of genomes to massive introgression can permit rapid adaptive response to anthropogenic selection and (2) that even extreme prominence of genomic islands of divergence can be an

SUMMARY Malaria kills millions of people every year, yet there has been little progress in controlling this disease. For transmission to occur, the malaria parasite has to complete a complex developmental cycle in the mosquito. The mosquito is therefore a potential weak link in malaria transmission, and generating mosquito populations that are refractory to the parasite is a potential means of controlling the disease. There has been considerable progress over the last decade towards developing the tools for creating a refractory mosquito. Accomplishments include germline transformation of several important mosquito vectors, the completed genomes of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and the identification of promoters and effector genes that confer resistance in the mosquito. These tools have provided researchers with the ability to engineer a refractory mosquito vector, but there are fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how to transfer this technology safely

The Anopheles gambiae peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) gene family consists of 7 genes with 13 PGRP domains. We analyze the role of these genes in the mosquito immune defense to bacteria and the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. We have previously shown that the NF-κB transcription factor REL2 is involved in defense against both types of bacteria and malaria parasites [1]. IMD is only responsible for the reaction against Gram-positive bacteria and Plasmodium. Our data suggests significant divergence as well as many similarities of immune signaling between Anopheles gambiae and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The differences most likely reflect the different lifestyles of the two insects and, consequently, different infectious agents that the two insects encounter during their lifetimes. In mosquitoes, one of these agents is the malaria parasite Plasmodium ...

In a single village in South Halmahera, Indonesia, Anopheles mosquitoes captured in human, goat, and cow-baited tents were compared to determine species-specific host attraction and feeding behaviour. Nine Anopheles species were molecularly identified in these collections: An. kochi, An. farauti s.s., An. hackeri, An. hinesorum, An. indefinitus, An. punctulatus, An. tessellatus, An. vagus, and An. vanus (Table 1). Additionally, bloodmeals of fed mosquitoes were typed and mosquitoes were analysed for the presence of Plasmodium spp. sporozoites. Frequent multiple host-feeding within a single night and flexibility in host choice within Anopheles species were observed.. There was a large discrepancy between morphological and molecular Anopheles species identifications, with 35% of specimens showing discordance between morphological and molecular identifications (Table 1). This could likely be the result of the presence of many cryptic species complexes and high Anopheles diversity in the country. ...

I took my first degree at Edinburgh University, where I was awarded a first class honours degree in Genetics. My PhD project was a molecular genetic analysis of female sterile mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, also at the University of Edinburgh. I undertook postdoctoral research at Imperial College, London and at the University of Dundee. Prior to joining my present institution, I held a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Biodiversity, working on the malaria mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. ...

This new mosquito is classified with the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, but it appears to be vastly different than any other mosquito collected over the four year period.

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Gr family of candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. AU - Kent, Lauren B.. AU - Walden, Kimberly K.O.. AU - Robertson, Hugh M. PY - 2008/1/1. Y1 - 2008/1/1. N2 - The gustatory receptor (Gr) protein family contains most of the diversity in the insect chemoreceptor superfamily, including within it not only taste receptors but select olfactory receptors as well. Manual annotation of the Gr family in the genome sequence of the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti , yielded a total of 114 potential proteins encoded by 79 genes. In the sequenced genome, 23 of these genes and protein isoforms are pseudogenic, leaving 91 putatively functional Grs. Comparison with our previously published set of 76 Grs encoded by 52 genes in the distantly related Anopheles gambiae mosquito revealed 13 new AgGrs encoded by 8 genes. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the conservation of carbon dioxide, sugar, and several orphan receptors in these 2 mosquitoes ...

Sunday 25 April is World Malaria Day. The malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi, originally found in South Asian cities, is making its way to cities in the Horn of Africa.

This study provides full modelled geographical distributions for An. coluzzii and An. gambiae (as now defined) for the first time and clear differences can be seen between these two sibling species, formerly considered a single species. Estimates for the distributions of An. arabiensis, An. melas and An. merus (also within the Gambiae complex) are provided based on improved methods and updated data, resulting in notably better model performance than seen with a previous mapping study [6]. The geographical distribution of An. arabiensis has also been modelled in recent years by an independent group [21]. Their aim was to extrapolate into the future when environmental conditions not currently in existence may occur so they selected a low bias bootstrap aggregation for one class data (LOBAG-OC) model. The data output by their model were not released so a quantitative comparison is not possible but a visual comparison shows broader habitat suitability in the earlier modelled map compared to the ...

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Jose Luis Ramirez, Giselle de Almeida Oliveira, Eric Calvo, Jesmond Dalli, Romain A Colas, Charles N Serhan, Jose M Ribeiro, Carolina Barillas-Mury].

Since when ???? Anopheline fossile (20 Myr) ber/critters/skeeter-b.html (Amber from the Dominican Republic) Dr. David Grimaldi Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaures (145-65Myr) Oldest Culicidae-like fossile: Myr (canadian amber) FROM: index.php?id=galeria

PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

The Center for One Health Research Department of Environment & Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Washington Box 357234 Seattle, WA, USA ...

mapkinase writes to let us know about articles in Nature on the completed sequencing of the honeybee genome. From the first article: Two other insects have already been sequenced: the malaria-carrying mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and one of sciences great model organisms, the fruitfly Drosophila me...

Background Little is known about how malaria mosquitoes locate oviposition sites in nature. Such knowledge is important to help devise monitoring and control measures that could be used to target gravid females. This study set out to develop a suite of tools that can be used to study the attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae s.s. towards visual or olfactory cues associated with aquatic habitats. Methods Firstly, the study developed and assessed methods for using electrocuting nets to analyse the orientation of gravid females towards an aquatic habitat. Electric nets (1m high × 0.5m wide) were powered by a 12V battery via a spark box. High and low energy settings were compared for mosquito electrocution and a collection device developed to retain electrocuted mosquitoes when falling to the ground. Secondly, a range of sticky materials and a detergent were tested to quantify if and where gravid females land to lay their eggs, by treating the edge of the ponds and the water surface. A randomized ...

Dan Meyrowitsch explains that the 99 % fall in the malaria mosquito population during the end of the 1990s seems to be connected to a fall in precipitation. This may be due to global climate changes.. - From 2003 to 2009 the volume of precipitation was more stable, but the rain was more chaotic and fell outside the rainy season. And this may have disturbed the natural cycle of mosquito development, he says.. -Of course it is great that the number of malaria-related fatalities among children has fallen drastically in the last five or six years, but we need to know why!. Since the researchers can discount mosquito nets, the question is whether the mosquitoes have succumbed to disease, or communities have been using pesticides, or whether the fall is due to the chaotic new precipitation patterns.. - Unless we find the answer we will not be able to predict when the malaria mosquitoes will come back, and that could rapidly prove critical, Dan Meyrowitsch explains.. ...

Download full project about Anopheles Mosquito Comparative Genomics . Your business software is ready for download . You can use it for your own company / Office / home without any cost. We provide free business software for our visitor. The software is develop by using different model such as waterfall life-cycle ,traditional ,classic etc Anopheles Mosquito Comparative Genomics is a large and time consuming project. So, Our aim is to help all business vendors by sharing our best. We want your help by joining our community. You will get your project as you desire ...

Background: Little is known about how malaria mosquitoes locate oviposition sites in nature. Such knowledge is important to help devise monitoring and control measures that could be used to target gravid females. This study set out to develop a suite of tools that can be used to study the attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae s.s. towards visual or olfactory cues associated with aquatic habitats. Methods: Firstly, the study developed and assessed methods for using electrocuting nets to analyse the orientation of gravid females towards an aquatic habitat. Electric nets (1m high x 0.5m wide) were powered by a 12V battery via a spark box. High and low energy settings were compared for mosquito electrocution and a collection device developed to retain electrocuted mosquitoes when falling to the ground. Secondly, a range of sticky materials and a detergent were tested to quantify if and where gravid females land to lay their eggs, by treating the edge of the ponds and the water surface. A randomized ...

Deciphering the molecular mechanisms affecting ookinete survival in the mosquito. Vector immune responses are responsible, at least in part, for the major parasite losses during parasite development. We now know, largely from functional studies in our laboratory, that even what is called susceptible A. gambiae mosquitoes effectively kill a large number of invading ookinetes (80 %), which are most probably cleared by lysis. Two genes, LRIM1 and TEP1, were shown to be strongly involved in ookinete killing in susceptible mosquitoes (G3 strain). LRIM1 expression was strongly induced in mosquito midguts and carcasses in response to the invasion of the mosquito midgut epithelium by Plasmodium ookinetes. The transient KD of LRIM1 in susceptible mosquitoes by RNAi resulted in approximately a four-fold increase in the number of parasites that successfully develop in the mosquito midguts, suggesting that LRIM1 is involved in parasite killing. TEP1 is as a bona fide pattern-recognition receptor that ...

Working primarily on Aedes, Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes, and phlebotomine sandflies, our projects employ a diverse range of methodologies for candidate discovery and functional validation including microarrays, RNAseq, genomewide association studies, in vitro metabolomics, transgenesis, and whole genome sequencing, especially via the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Anopheles gambiae 1000 genomes consortium project, co-led by LSTM.

Sporozoite of Plasmodium gets into human blood through the bite of female Anopheles mosquito,sporozoites reproduce asexually in liver cells,then they get into red blood cells, there they reproduce asexually and infect mo…

Mosquito sperm have a sense of smell - a surprising finding that could one day help control disease-carrying mosquitoes, researchers say.. Mosquitoes use scent-detecting molecules known as odorant receptors in their antennae. These sensors help mosquitoes sniff out sources of blood as part of their sense of smell, technically known as olfaction.. Now, researchers have discovered mosquitoes have these same molecules in their sperm. Scientists analyzed the mosquito species Anopheles gambiae, one of the most common carriers of malaria. They found odorant receptors on the whip like tails of the mosquitoes sperm. These molecules help to spur the beating of the tails, and thus help control the movement of the sperm, the researchers said. read more. ...

An Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal through the skin. If this blood carries sexual-stage stage parasites, they will develop in the mosquito and be passed on to others who are bit by this mosquito days later.

A chemical-free eradication method for the human malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, that is self-sustaining and requires no additional inputs beyond pushing the button to get it started, sounds fantastic. For geneticists it has not been terribly difficult to think of […]. Read More ». ...

E. Warr, S. Das, Y. Dong and G. Dimopoulos The Gram-Negative Bacteria-Binding Protein gene family: Its role in the innate immune system of Anopheles gambiae and in anti-Plasmodium defence Insect Molecular Biology 17. Version of Record online: 30 JAN 2008 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00778.x. Complete the form below and we will send an e-mail message containing a link to the selected article on your behalf. Required = Required Field. ...

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements. They are a significant component of many eukaryotic genomes. They are involved in chromosomal rearrangement by serving as substrates for homologous recombination, in creating new genes through a process of TE domestication, and in modifying and shuffling existing genes by transducing neighboring sequences (Lander et al., 2001). Therefore, both active and inactive TEs are potentially potent agents for genomic change (Kidwell and Lisch, 2001, 2002; Rizzon et al., 2002; Petrov et al., 2003). In the meantime, active TEs are being explored as useful tools for genetic transformation and possible gene drive mechanisms to deliver genes in natural populations (Ashburner et al.,1998; Alphey et al.,2002; Handler and OBrochta, 2004). My thesis project focuses on AGH1, a novel DNA-mediated TE in Anopheles gambiae and related mosquitoes. I have studied its genomic structure, insertion polymorphism, evolution, and transposition activity. As part of ...

Read Genetic aspects of sexual behavior in malaria mosquitoes on the basis of specific acoustic signals at mating, Russian Journal of Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The approximately 250-amino-acid protein domain EAL (www.sanger.ac.uk/Software/Pfam), also referred to as domain of unknown function 2 or DUF2 (http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de), is conserved in the Bacteria. The domain name originates from one of the most conserved amino acid signature motifs, EAL (Glu-Ala-Leu). EAL is encoded by most sequenced genomes in all branches of the bacterial phylogenetic tree, which implies that EAL-containing proteins play important roles in Bacteria (8, 9). This domain is not encoded in the genomes of Archaea or Eukarya, except for two putative proteins of Anopheles gambiae, which probably originated from bacterial contamination (19). EAL is often linked to sensory and/or output (signal transduction) domains and is, in fact, one of the most ubiquitous bacterial signal transduction domains whose biochemical activity has not been characterized yet (8, 9). In many proteins, EAL is located C terminal of the approximately 170-amino-acid GGDEF domain (also known as DUF1). ...

The authors demonstrate that these marked symbionts can then be transmitted to their progeny through mating and to non-sibling larvae by horizontal transmission via the water in which the animals are living.. The authors created a number of strains of AS1 containing a collection of anti Plasmodium effectors either singly or in combination and show that these have significant impacts on the intensity of midgut infections.. This is a very interesting paper that seems to bring the promise of paratransgenic approaches closer to fruition as tools for combating vector borne diseases.. An interesting feature of this approach is that it can be used to simultaneously reduce the vectoral capacity of multiple anopheles species in an environment whereas transgenic approaches would require solving the problems of creating transgenics from these other species. Not necessarily and easy task.. The widespread presence of these genetically modified bacteria in water sources will elicit questions related to risk ...

Wednesday, April 23, 2014. 627,000 deaths per year: thats a good figure. Malaria, the deadly illness caused by infected mosquitoes, is on the retreat, thanks to medical treatments that have reduced mortality rates by 42% since 2000. Among African children, the mortality rate has dropped even more: 54%. Even so, one African child dies of malaria every minute, according to the World Health Organisation.. Its not that NGOs and aid organisations dont try hard enough to prevent the parasite-infected mosquitoes from biting humans: its just that keeping every one of the tiny insects away with nets and insecticides is very hard work.. What if all that mosquito-chasing wasnt necessary? What if the insects killed themselves? Thats the idea behind Oxitec, an Oxford-based biotech company. It breeds sterile male mosquitoes for release in affected areas. As male mosquitoes always do, theyll find the females and mate with them - but because theyre sterile, the offspring will die. Were using ...

The Anopheles mosquito is the only species known to spread malaria. The eMedTV Web page discusses its life cycle in detail, explains how mosquitoes transmit malaria, and measures designed to combat insect biting and control the spread of disease.

And as I think, once more I m bitten. -Dick Emmons Male mosquitoes drink only sugary fluids such as flower nectar. Both in the wild and in the laboratory, mosquitoes will visit certain flowers and will feed on fruit placed in their cage. Since they vigorously probe the flowers of some plants and can distinguish between different types of sugars, mosquitoes play a role in the pollination of certain plants. The females will also drink sugary fluids, but when hungry females are given a choice between sugar water and blood, they will always choose blood. If males are offered the same choice, they will always drink the sugar water. Since male mosquitoes do not suck blood, they also do not transmit diseases. Like the males of many other insect families, they are important for just one reason, and then they become superfluous. The female usually needs to mate just once in her life. She stores sperm in her body and fertilizes her eggs at the moment when she lays them. Shortly before or after mating, she ...

MELBOURNE, Australia, April 22 /PRNewswire/ -- Researchers in The Netherlands have achieved outstanding success in blocking the lifecycle of the mosquitoes which transmit malaria.

Name:C.I.Acid Brown 27,C.I.66710 Molecular Structure: anthraquinones C.I.Acid Brown 27,C.I.66710,CAS 1324-45-4,582.56,C32H19N2NaO6S C.I.Acid Brown 27,C.I.66710,CAS 1324-45-4,582.56,C32H19N2NaO6S Molecular Formula:C32H19N2NaO6S Molecular Weight: 582.56 CAS Registry Number: 1324-45-4

Male mosquitoes never bother us -- only the females do, because they need the protein they get from our blood to make their eggs. Even though we call the itchy, inflamed bumps they make on our skin bites, they really arent. In fact, it might be more accurate to call them mosquito drinks, ...

A*nophe*les (a*nofE*lEz), n. [NL., fr. Gr. anwfelh`s useless, hurtful.] (Zoöl.) A genus of mosquitoes which are se...

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Is aging raw cattle urine efficient for sampling Anopheles arabiensis Patton?. Aneth M Mahande, Beda J Mwangonde, Shandala Msangi, Epiphania Kimaro, Ladslaus L Mnyone, Humphrey D Mazigo, Michael J Mahande and Eliningaya J Kweka BMC Infect Dis 10(1):172 (2010) ...

Category: API CAS NO: 43210-67-9 EC NO: 256-145-7 Molecular Formula: C15H13N3O2S Molecular Weight: 299.3476 Specification: EP/USP/CP(V) InChI: InChI=1/C15H13N3O2S/c1-20-15(19)18-14-16-12-8-7-11(9-13(12)17-14)21-10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9H,1H3,(H2,16,17,18,19) ...

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