P-glycoproteins can cause multidrug resistance in mammalian tumor cells by active extrusion of cytotoxic drugs. The natural function of these evolutionarily conserved, membrane-bound ATP binding transport proteins is unknown. In mammals, P-glycoproteins are abundantly present in organs associated with the digestive tract. We have studied the tissue-specific expression of Caenorhabditis elegans P-glycoprotein genes pgp-1 and pgp-3 by transformation of nematodes with pgp-lacZ gene fusion constructs in which the promoter area of the pgp genes was fused to the coding region of lacZ. Expression of pgp-1 and pgp-3, as inferred from pgp-lacZ transgenic nematodes, was confined to the intestinal cells. The expression patterns of both genes were virtually indistinguishable. Quantitative analysis of pgp mRNA levels during development showed that pgp-1, -2, and -3 were expressed throughout the life cycle of C.elegans, albeit with some variation indicating developmental regulation. The expression of P-glycoprotein
Claudin 5 as a prominent TJ protein is a consistent feature between the BBB and blood-CSF barrier (Bill and Korzh, 2014). Here we have used this feature to create an in vivo model for real-time analysis of the development, structure and function of the BBB and CP by generating a transgenic zebrafish line that expresses EGFP under the claudin 5a promoter. The high homology and synteny with human, the conservation along the teleost lineage and the previous characterisation of Claudin 5a in zebrafish makes cldn5a a logical candidate (Abdelilah-Seyfried, 2010; Xie et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2012).. We show that developmental expression of cldn5a:EGFP is restricted to, and starts in both CPs and the midline at 1 dpf, thereby narrowing down the previously shown whole-mount in situ hybridizations (Zhang et al., 2010). The presence of Claudin 5a at the CPs at 1 dpf coincides with the inflation of the ventricles (Zhang et al., 2010, 2012) and corroborates its role in this process. Claudin 5a is crucial ...
Cell cycle analysis of transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing PCNA-CB. (A) Overview of the dorsal midbrain of a wnt1:gal4,UAS:GFP (green); UAS:PCNA-CB (magenta
BioAssay record AID 620365 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiangiogenic activity in fli-1:enhanced GFP expressing transgenic zebrafish embryo assessed as inhibition of neovacularisation at 5 uM after 24 hrs relative to control.
TY - JOUR. T1 - The neuro-protective role of Sir2 in the process of neuro-degeneration of the SCA3/MJD model flies is dependent on autophagy function. AU - Zeng, Ai Yeng. AU - Zhu, Jing Lei. AU - Hong, Kang Kang. AU - Zhang, Zhuohua. AU - Duan, Ran. AU - Sun, Li. AU - Liu, Cheng Wei. AU - Wei, Xiao Li. AU - Wei, Li Li. AU - Chen, Mei Ling. AU - Lin, Xiao Hui. AU - Chen, Wei. AU - Li, Qing Hua. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - To confer the influence of Sir2 on pathogenesis of SCA3/MJD. GMR-GAL4 and Nrv2-GAL4 system SCA3/MJD transgenic Drosophila models were constructed by using the promoter GMR-GAL4 and Nrv2-GAL4 which drive target selective gene expression in cells of the developing eyes and motor neurons, respectively. Then, Sir2 protein was overexpressed in SCA3/MJD transgenic Drosophila models by genetic methods with or without in a background of RNAi knockdown of Atg7. Overexpression of endogenous Drosophila Sir2 not only notably suppresses the neurotoxicity of MJDtr-Q78 protein, but also ...
The study is the first to document the rise of mutations that make mosquitoes resistant to a gene drive, due to natural selection. These findings will allow researchers to make better predictions of how a gene drive will proceed and to improve the design of future gene drives to decrease the likelihood of resistance.. Tony Nolan adds: Reducing the numbers of mosquito vectors has been the most effective tool to date for the control of malaria, so self-sustaining gene drives designed with this purpose have great potential. However gene drives are not a silver bullet and just like antibiotics can select for resistance in bacteria, gene drives can be susceptible to resistance at their target site. The novelty of this study is not that resistance emerges - we have been planning strategies to deal with this from the start - but that it documents the way it emerges and the way it is selected over generations. This work will help a lot in planning for and managing the emergence of ...
In August, the first cloned pig with Alzheimers disease will be born in Denmark.. Responsible for this breakthrough are scientists from the universities of Copenhagen and Århus, Denmark in their effort towards finding a cure for Alzheimers disease.. The said pigs have been genetically modified to function as animal models for Alzheimers disease - a brain disorder suffered by an approximately 24 million people globally.. According to Ingrid Brück Bøgh from the Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen:. In the light of the intense focus on medical research at the University of Copenhagen and the continuous expansion of the pharmaceutical industry in Denmark, the ability to produce transgenic pig models for human diseases is a major prerequisite for future progress in this area.. The upcoming birth of these transgenic pig models constitutes a fantastic success for us. It is also a demonstration of the excellent cross-disciplinary collaboration between the experts at both ...
One of the main concerns over gene drive is its potential long‐term effects. The designated effects on the targeted populations will be fast-within a few years-while long‐term effects on ecosystems may take decades to appear and are extremely unpredictable. The time frame of gene drive perfectly fits the economic development strategies dominant today in agribusiness, with a focus on short‐term return on investments and disdain for long‐term issues. The current economical system based on productivity, yields, monoculture, and extractivism [7] is a perfect match for the operating mode of gene drive. In addition, agri‐food industry decision centers are rarely located near the production sites. They will be inclined to disregard the ecological long‐term risks as they only concern local human populations in their exploited lands. Gene drive then becomes an issue of environmental justice.. The scarce use of gene drive, if concerted, cautious and controlled, may not cause any ecological ...
One of the main concerns over gene drive is its potential long‐term effects. The designated effects on the targeted populations will be fast-within a few years-while long‐term effects on ecosystems may take decades to appear and are extremely unpredictable. The time frame of gene drive perfectly fits the economic development strategies dominant today in agribusiness, with a focus on short‐term return on investments and disdain for long‐term issues. The current economical system based on productivity, yields, monoculture, and extractivism [7] is a perfect match for the operating mode of gene drive. In addition, agri‐food industry decision centers are rarely located near the production sites. They will be inclined to disregard the ecological long‐term risks as they only concern local human populations in their exploited lands. Gene drive then becomes an issue of environmental justice.. The scarce use of gene drive, if concerted, cautious and controlled, may not cause any ecological ...
During vertebrate embryogenesis, the cranial neural crest (CNC) forms at the neural plate border and subsequently migrates and differentiates into many types of cells. The transcription factor Snai2, which is induced by canonical Wnt signaling to be expressed in the early CNC, is pivotal for CNC induction and migration in Xenopus. However, snai2 expression is silenced during CNC migration, and its roles at later developmental stages remain unclear. We generated a transgenic X. tropicalis line that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven by the snai2 promoter/enhancer, and observed eGFP expression not only in the pre-migratory and migrating CNC, but also the differentiating CNC. This transgenic line can be used directly to detect deficiencies in CNC development at various stages, including subtle perturbation of CNC differentiation. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirm that Snai2 is re-expressed in the differentiating CNC. Using a separate transgenic Wnt reporter line
The African Unions High-Level Panel on Emerging Technologies identified gene drive mosquitoes as a priority technology for malaria elimination. The first field trials are expected in 5-10 years in Uganda, Mali or Burkina Faso. In preparation, regional and international actors are developing risk governance guidelines which will delineate the framework for identifying and evaluating risks. Scientists and bioethicists have called for African stakeholder involvement in these developments, arguing the knowledge and perspectives of those people living in malaria-afflicted countries is currently missing. However, few African stakeholders have been involved to date, leaving a knowledge gap about the local social-cultural as well as ecological context in which gene drive mosquitoes will be tested and deployed. This study investigates and analyses Ugandan stakeholders hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control and explores the new directions needed for risk governance. This qualitative
In the past decade, researchers have engineered an array of new tools that control the balance of genetic inheritance. Based on CRISPR technology, such gene drives are poised to move from the laboratory into the wild where they are being engineered to suppress devastating diseases such as mosquito-borne malaria, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever and West Nile. Gene drives carry the power to immunize mosquitoes against malarial parasites, or act as genetic insecticides that reduce mosquito populations.. Although the newest gene drives have been proven to spread efficiently as designed in laboratory settings, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of releasing such systems into wild populations. Questions have emerged about the predictability and controllability of gene drives and whether, once let loose, they can be recalled in the field if they spread beyond their intended application region.. Now, scientists at the University of California San Diego and their colleagues have ...
Scientists have issued a call to ensure that the use of gene drives in conservation will only affect local populations. Gene drives promote the inheritance of a particular genetic variant to increase its frequency in a population. In conservation, a gene drive could spread infertility and ultimately eliminate a pest population.
Transgenic animals have become valuable tools for both research and applied purposes. The current method of gene transfer, microinjection, which is widely used in transgenic mouse production, has only had limited success in producing transgenic animals of larger or higher species. Here, we report a linker based sperm-mediated gene transfer method (LB-SMGT) that greatly improves the production efficiency of large transgenic animals. The linker protein, a monoclonal antibody (mAb C), is reactive to a surface antigen on sperm of all tested species including pig, mouse, chicken, cow, goat, sheep, and human. mAb C is a basic protein that binds to DNA through ionic interaction allowing exogenous DNA to be linked specifically to sperm. After fertilization of the egg, the DNA is shown to be successfully integrated into the genome of viable pig and mouse offspring with germ-line transfer to the F1 generation at a highly efficient rate: 37.5% of pigs and 33% of mice. The integration is demonstrated again by FISH
A number of other respondents have brought up developments in gene drives (e.g. development of mammalian gene drive systems). In 2018 ETC Group released an overview report on the application of gene drive systems to agriculture (See Forcing the Farm: http://www.etcgroup.org/content/forcing-farm) which we hereby submit for consideration of new developments in the field. Our research show that there is increasing work on application of gene drive systems to agricultural pests (Especially insects and aphids) as well as to applying gene drive as a breeding tool for livestock. To date we cannot identify successful use of CRISPR gene drive systems in plants (although perhaps others on this forum can correct that) or any working examples of so called local or controllable gene drive systems beyond theoretical models. Given that some of these theoretical ideas are advanced in policy fora as if they exist I think it may be important for the moderators in their summary of this forum to also point to and ...
Strategies of reversing, preventing, and controlling the unfold and results of gene drives. Snapchat and even Facebooks own Instagram are getting more clicks from the kids lately than the getting old social network. Gone are the days when folks melted for concern of the place to get data or data for their utilization.. For many, Fb has turn out to be an integral part of day-to-day life. Thanks for sending your work entitled Regarding RNA-Guided Gene Drives for the Engineering of Wild Populations†for consideration at eLife. • Energy-down for one time frame every day ...
Behrendorff, N, Behrendorff, J, Wall, A, Scott, E and Thorn, P (2011). A Novel Transgenic Zebrafish Model for Studying Secretion in the Exocrine Pancreas. In: Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Pancreatic Association. 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Pancreatic Association, Chicago, IL, United States, (1314-1314). 2-5 November 2011. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e318232ea83 ...
Time-lapse movie of the equatorial region of E-cadherin mutant lens epithelium combined with a zebrafish transgenic line, Tg(h2afva:GFP) from 33 to 45 hpf. Different rows of cells are indicated by color: Row 1, light blue; Row 2, green; Row 3, yellow; Row 4, orange; Row 5, red; Row 6, pink.. ...
He has led the movement to shine the spotlight, says Marc Lipsitch, an epidemiologist at Harvard University involved in biosafety issues. Its not that common to be at the beginning of your career and already be thinking of the moral, ethical, and policy implications.. A gene drive is a genetic addition made to a mosquito or other organism that is able to spread through a population of animals in the wild and potentially act as a doomsday gadget, driving it out of existence. The technology presents challenges not only because it could extinguish a species but because by its very nature it can spread widely, including as the result of a lab accident.. This is the perfect example of a technology that needs to be community-guided from the beginning, says Esvelt. Its meaningless to talk about engaging the public in science if science is still going to develop the product and then say, What do you think?. Esvelt says hes started a new project, called Responsive Science, along with MIT ...
Gene drive systems distort the rule that there is a 50:50 chance of a gene copy being passed on. This promotes the inheritance of a particular copy of a gene from the parent to offspring. When coupled to a genetic trait that affects an individuals survival or ability to reproduce, it becomes a powerful tool that can be used for population control or even local elimination.
In lab populations of genetically engineered mosquitoes, mutations arose that blocked the gene drive’s spread and restored female fertility.
Read chapter 3 Case Studies to Examine Questions About Gene-Drive Modified Organisms: Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed a...
Public fears and concerns towards transgenic plant or animal have been there for years even though the scientific expects in China, at least, acclaimed that they are safe. The reason why people are afraid of transgenic technology and furthermore reject it is that public people dont know it at all, or have limited understanding.. You must have read lots of articles explaining why transgenic technology is safe, or on the other hand, dangerous. And here I believe current products of transgenic technology in your daily life are safe and healthy, because most of them are protein product indeed. It is the exogenous genes are translocated and expressed in the host, but the outcome is protein according to the known central dogma, hence the protein cannot hybridize with your genome so that you will not be mutated to Rice-Man. No need to panic.. ...
The management of burns and injuries using novel treatment strategies involving epidermal stem cells (ESC) requires a better understanding of the biology of these cells, in particular, their isolation and the maintenance of their exclusive characteristics in culture. percent of cells portrayed 1 integrin. The growth-curve showed that the adherent cells were in the exponential growth phase rapidly. The process defined in this paper provides a basic and effective technique to isolate and maintain long lasting lifestyle of skin control cells from fetal rat buy PD153035 (HCl salt) epidermis. This method should be valuable for studying and isolating ESC from various transgenic rat lines that are currently available. 1 104 cells/well). After cells adhered, they had been gathered at different period factors (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h) and MTS was added at a proportion of 1/10 (i.y., 10 m recognition alternative was added in 100 m moderate) regarding to the guidelines in the CellTiter96?AQueous A single ...
Transgenic mosquitoes that could eradicate malaria. Unfortunately, it is potentially the most hazardous genetically modified organism (GMO) to have be
Gene drive is a mechanism that can promote the preferential inheritance of a beneficial genetic trait, thereby increasing its prevalence in a population. A variety of gene drive mechanisms occur in nature that can cause specific genetic elements to spread throughout populations in varying degrees. Researchers have long sought to harness these naturally occurring gene drive mechanisms to prevent the transmission of mosquito or other insect-borne diseases that pose some of societys most intractable public health problems.. ...
Energy homeostasis is accomplished through a highly integrated and redundant neurohumoral system. Recently, novel molecular mediators and regulatory pathways for feeding and body weight regulation have been identified in the brain and the periphery. Because of the multitude and complexity of disturbances in energy intake, expenditure, and partitioning that are associated with obesity, it has been difficult to determine which abnormalities are causative versus less important phenomena that are consequences of the altered neuroendocrine and metabolic milieu. Transgenic technology has provided new opportunities to modify the complex body weight-regulating system and to assess the relative importance of the individual components. Observations of mutant mice have shed new light on the understanding of energy homeostasis equation. Once created, transgenic animal models may be useful in assessing the efficacy or determining the mode of action of potential new therapeutic agents. However, the ...
Advances in single-cell technologies have revealed vast differences between cells once thought to be in the same category, calling into question how we define cell type in the first place ...
Zebrafish have been widely used as a model system for studying developmental processes, but in the last decade, they have also emerged as a valuable system for modeling human disease. The development and function of zebrafish organs are strikingly similar to those of humans, and the ease of creating mutant or transgenic fish has facilitated the generation of disease models. Here, we highlight the use of zebrafish for defining disease pathways and for discovering new therapies. ...
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091011 - Animais Transg nicos: Conceito, Metodologias e Aplica es - Transgenic animals: concept, methodologies and applications | Veterinaria.org . La primera comunidad veterinaria de habla hispana con presencia en Espa a y Am rica del Sur.
The simpler procedure, which uses a single tagged secondary antibody, can often be used (8). Animals are best perfusion fixed with PAF (9 see Chapter 45). The
β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity and oxidative stress have been postulated to play critical roles in the pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer disease (AD). We investigated the in vivo ability of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, to protect against Aβ-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in a …
Currently, there is no other whole-animal reporter for epigenetic regulation established in any vertebrate. The inventors generated this novel zebrafish line using a transgene construct containing dazl gene silencing sequences (CpG island) fused to a destabilized GFPd2 gene driven by the ubiquitously expressing ef1alpha promoter. The resulting transgenic line permits detailed tissue- or cellular- level visualization of dynamic changes in GFPd2 expression in response to changes in DNA methylation or downstream epigenetic regulation in developing or adult animals. GFPd2 is off in the fertilized egg but turns on during early development, peaking at approximately 24 hours post-fertilization, and is then rapidly and ubiquitously silenced. The reporter is off in adults, except in particular stages of germline development in the gonads. Experimental treatments or genetic mutants that interfere with epigenetic silencing result in global or tissue-specific reactivation of GFPd2 expression. The ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of the N-glycans of recombinant human Factor IX purified from transgenic pig milk. AU - Gil, Geun Cheol. AU - Velander, William H.. AU - Van Cott, Kevin E.. PY - 2008/7/1. Y1 - 2008/7/1. N2 - Glycosylation of recombinant proteins is of particular importance because it can play significant roles in the clinical properties of the glycoprotein. In this work, the N-glycan structures of recombinant human Factor IX (tg-FIX) produced in the transgenic pig mammary gland were determined. The majority of the N-glycans of transgenic pig-derived Factor IX (tg-FIX) are complex, bi-antennary with one or two terminal N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties. We also found that the N-glycan structures of tg-FIX produced in the porcine mammary epithelial cells differed with respect to N-glycans from glycoproteins produced in other porcine tissues. tg-FIX contains no detectable Neu5Gc, the sialic acid commonly found in porcine glycoproteins produced in other tissues. Additionally, we ...
CRISPR gene drive has recently been proposed as a promising technology for population management, including in conservation genetics. The technique would consist in releasing genetically engineered individuals that are designed to rapidly propagate a desired mutation or transgene into wild populations. Potential applications in conservation biology include the control of invasive pest populations that threaten biodiversity (eradication and suppression drives), or the introduction of beneficial mutations in endangered populations (rescue drives). The propagation of a gene drive is affected by different factors that depend on the drive construct (e.g. its fitness effect and timing of expression) or on the target species (e.g. its mating system and population structure). We review potential applications of the different types of gene drives for conservation. We examine the challenges posed by the evolution of resistance to gene drives and review the various molecular and environmental risks associated with
TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression of cytochrome P45011B1 mRNA in the brain of normal and hypertensive transgenic rats. AU - Erdmann, Bettina. AU - Gerst, Hellmut. AU - Lippoldt, Andrea. AU - Buelow, Hannes E.. AU - Ganten, Detlev. AU - Fuxe, Kjell. AU - Bernhardt, Rita. PY - 1996/9/9. Y1 - 1996/9/9. N2 - Cytochrome P45011B1 (11β-hydroxylase) was detected in the brain of male rats by in situ hybridization methods. Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were compared to the transgenic strain TGR(mRen2)27, characterized by the expression of the murine Ren-2(d) renin gene and the development of severe hypertension. Specific riboprobes were generated by in vitro transcription of a 152 base-pair long cDNA template. 35S-labeled riboprobes were hybridized to cryostat sections from adrenal glands and from two different levels of the brain using standard protocols and varying washing conditions. After exposure of the radiolabeled sections to X-ray film, the signals were quantified and compared. Following autoradiography ...
J. Pathol. 163:2155-2164. , 2001, Amyloid p protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimers disease pathophysiology. FASEB J. 15: 2433-2444. -C, Hall, D. , Mathis, C. , 2001, Visualization of fibrillar amyloid deposits in living, transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans animals using the sensitive amyloid dye, X-34. Neurobiol Aging 22:217-226. , 2004, Single chain variable fragments against B-amyloid (AB) can The Contribution of Microscopy to the Study of Alzheimers Disease 39 inhibit AB aggregation and prevent AB-induced neurotoxicity. Interestingly, a rapidly-formed but transient nanocrystalhne from of a 14-amino acid Ap peptide has been described by Otzen and Oliveberg (2004). Using TEM these workers showed that the nanocrystalline form of this peptide leads to the formation of a tangled aggregate (hours) and amyloid fibres (days). 2 Ap protofilaments Definition of the P-sheet-containing protofilament that can be formed by Ap and several other fibril-forming amyloidogenic peptides is by no ...
Our lab studies the alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. In Drosophila, alternative splicing plays a central role in sex determination. We have been using the sex-determination system to study factors that influence alternative splicing and to determine the mechanisms by which they do so. Several of the proteins we are studying belong to the serine/arginine-rich (SR) family of splicing factors. These proteins usually bind to sequences located within exons, known as exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) and activate nearby splice sites. We have found that an SR factors can repress splicing when bound within an intron. Using in vitro splicing assays and Drosophila genetics we are determining how splicing activation and repression differ. A second interest of the lab is in genetic models for muscular dystrophy. Recently we have developed a transgenic Drosophila model for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) a poorly understood late-onset disease that affects specific muscle groups in humans. We ...
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This study has demonstrated that microparticle bombardment is a simple and efficient technique for generating stable transgenic lines in C. elegans. We have found that a substantial proportion of the transgenic lines generated by microparticle bombardment contain a low number of copies of the transforming DNA integrated into a chromosome, resulting in stable transmission of the transgenic DNA over many generations. A critical factor in the success of this microparticle bombardment transformation strategy is the use of a selectable cotransformation marker to identify rare transformed animals within the population of bombarded animals and their descendants. For the experiments described in this article, we bombarded unc-119 mutants with plasmids containing an unc-119 rescuing fragment and were able to identify transformed animals based on their ability to survive starvation and on their non-Unc phenotype.. In some cases, the unc-119 gene may be an unsuitable cotransformation marker due to ...
The epicardium is the mesothelial outer layer of the vertebrate heart. It plays an important role during cardiac development by, among other functions, nourishing the underlying myocardium, contributing to cardiac fibroblasts and giving rise to the coronary vasculature. The epicardium also exerts key functions during injury responses in the adult and contributes to cardiac repair. In this article, we review current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying epicardium formation in the zebrafish, a teleost fish, which is rapidly gaining status as an animal model in cardiovascular research, and compare it with the mechanisms described in other vertebrate models. We moreover describe the expression patterns of a subset of available zebrafish Wilms tumor 1 transgenic reporter lines and discuss their specificity, applicability and limitations in the study of epicardium formation ...
We have conducted a screen to identify developmentally regulated enhancers that drive tissue-specific Gal4 expression in zebrafish. We obtained 63 stable transgenic lines with expression patterns in embryonic or adult zebrafish. The use of a newly identified minimal promoter from the medaka edar loc …
Regulating transgenic technology in China: Law, regulation, and public policy. Yinliang Liu Dr. of Laws, M.S. (Biology), Associate Professor Vice Director, Institute of IP Law Director, Bio-Law Research Center China University of Political Science and Law 3 December 2007. Outline. Slideshow 449280 by tirza
Confocal micrograph of the brain of a transgenic zebrafish embryo. Some neurons express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) - shown in green under the...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
In a crowded auditorium at New Yorks Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in August, Philipp Messer, a population geneticist at Cornell University, took the stage to discuss a powerful and controversial new application for genetic engineering: gene drives.. Gene drives can force a trait through a population, defying the usual rules of inheritance. A specific trait ordinarily has a 50-50 chance of being passed along to the next generation. A gene drive could push that rate to nearly 100 percent. The genetic dominance would then continue in all future generations. You want all the fruit flies in your lab to have light eyes? Engineer a drive for eye color, and soon enough, the fruit flies offspring will have light eyes, as will their offspring, and so on for all future generations. Gene drives may work in any species that reproduces sexually, and they have the potential to revolutionize disease control, agriculture, conservation and more. Scientists might be able to stop mosquitoes from spreading ...
With a goal of breeding resilient crops that are better able to withstand drought and disease, University of California San Diego scientists have developed the first CRISPR-Cas9-based gene drive in plants.
Despite wide academic and commercial interest in the actions of GLP-1, attempts to identify the cellular targets of GLP-1 are hampered by the lack of specificity of antibodies to GLP1R. Our development of a new transgenic mouse model expressing Cre recombinase driven by the glp1r promoter provides an antibody-independent method for the identification and characterization of live cells expressing glp1r, using floxed fluorescent reporter strains. The results illuminate not only which tissues exhibited glp1r fluorescence but also those that did not.. Establishing definitively that the GLP1R protein is produced by all glp1r-fluorescent cells will be important, because our use of Cre recombinase results in a permanent activation of the fluorescent reporters, even in cells that no longer express the receptor as well as in the progeny of cells that have once expressed glp1r. Where neurones were identified, we were able to confirm expression of GLP1R protein by demonstrating functional responsiveness to ...
A three-dimensional reconstruction of the entire depth of the front part of the brain (forebrain) of an intact living adult zebrafish imaged with three-photon microscopy (3PEF). The green color indicates very many labeled neurons (small dots), which are expressing a gene for a fluorescent marker of cells. The magenta color shows other features such as the skull and neuronal processes. Credit: Fetcho Lab
Penn State and Agariger, Inc. have patented the technology of making new transgenic mushrooms, which have increased hope of using mushrooms for the mass
Transgenic mice and methods of preparing such mice are disclosed. The mice exhibit decreased platelet counts and/or megakaryocyte leukemia.
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LONDON (Reuters) - Rodents have joined mosquitoes in the cross-hairs of scientists working on a next-generation genetic technology known as gene drive to control pests.. Researchers in Scotland said on Tuesday they had developed two different ways to disrupt female fertility in rats and mice, building on a similar approach that has already been tested in the lab to eliminate malaria-carrying mosquitoes.. So-called gene drives push engineered genes through multiple generations by over-riding normal biological processes, so that all offspring carry two copies. Usually, animals would receive one copy of a gene from the mother and one from the father.. The technique is extremely powerful but also controversial, since such genetically engineered organisms could have an irreversible impact on the ecosystem.. Concerns about the proliferation of mutant species have led some to call for a gene drive ban, but Bruce Whitelaw of the University of Edinburghs Roslin Institute believes that would be short ...
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TRANSGENIC RABBIT MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS John M. Taylor and Jianglin Fan Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Department of Physiology, and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA TABLE OF CONTENTS ...
Naturally occurring mutations involving the nervous system have provided virtually all of our current understanding of the genetic regulation of neural development (Caviness and Rakic, 1978). The difficulty of isolating the corresponding genes, however, has precluded a molecular analysis of these mutants. Insertional mutagenesis, induced by microinjection of DNA into fertilized ova to produce transgenic animals, provides a molecular tag that marks the site of the mutational event. In this article, we describe a transgenic neurological mutation, designated wocko (Wo), which disrupts the development of the inner ear. These mutant mice display a dominant behavioral phenotype that consists of circling, hyperactivity, and head tossing, reminiscent of the shaker/waltzer class of mutants, and they display a recessive homozygous sublethal phenotype. Anatomical analyses showed that both structural and neural components of the vestibular system were disrupted, while analyses of mutant fetuses showed that ...
New research published in two papers by UC San Diego scientists describes novel achievements designed to make the implementation of gene drives safer and more controllable. The new split drive and home-and-rescue systems address concerns about the release of gene drives in wild populations. ...
Here, we show the process of creating a cellular electric voltage reporter zebrafish line to visualize embryonic development, movement, ...
This is an important issue for anyone involved in using murine models of retinal degeneration. It turns out that contamination of Rd8 mutation in the B6 mice is more wide spread than the C57BL/6N mice. Labs worldwide are going to have to reassess their data due to this mutation and all reviewers will ask about this in the immediate future. The genotyping analysis of a variety of vendor lines is described in this paper by Mary J. Mattapallil, Eric F. Wawrousek, Chi-Chao Chan, Hui Zhao, Jayeeta Roychoudhury, Thomas A. Ferguson, and Rachel R. Caspi. The take home message is that the rd8 mutation is in the C57BL/6N strain which is used worldwide to produce transgenic and knockout models. The implications for non-vision labs are not as clear, but for vision labs, substantial disease can be present unrelated to another specific disease gene and will need to be accounted for.. ...
This laboratory manual, published in cooperation with the International Society for Transgenic Technology (ISTT), provides almost all current methods that can be applied to the creation and analysis o
A postdoctoral position is available at the University of California, San Francisco, to analyze transgenic zebrafish that model neurodegenerative diseases. Required skills include: histology and immunohistochemistry, familiarity with brain anatomy, and molecular biology. Prior experience with zebrafish is desirable but not essential. Please email CV and three letters of reference to: Su Guo suguo at itsa.ucsf.edu ...
Background. Transgenic animal technology includes the process of inserting functional foreign genes into animals and using them as a tool to research intricate biological processes. Transgenic Animals are animals that have DNA introduced into their cells artificially. These animals become important instruments in exploring regulation of various genetic pathways, gene expression* and cellular processes. By inserting a gene into a live organism, scientists can explore the function of this gene in various environments. Transgenic animals serve a variety of different functions, proving them to be powerful research tools.Transgenic animals can serve as distinctive models for disease, and are made specifically to answer precise biological questions. ...
Engineered synthetic species-like barriers were recently described by Maselko et al (2017) in Nature Communications and the work has interesting implications for genetic control strategies and gene drive containment. There is an ever-increasing interest in manipulating natural populations using genetic […]. Read More ». ...