A single-nucleotide polymorphism (C/A) located within an E-box at the −20 position of the human angiotensinogen (AGT) promoter may regulate transcriptional activation through differential recruitment of the transcription factors upstream stimulatory factor (USF) 1 and 2. To study the contribution of USF1 on AGT gene expression, mice carrying a (−20C) human AGT (hAGT) transgene were bred with mice harboring a USF1 gene trap allele designed to knock down USF1 expression. USF1 mRNA was reduced relative to controls in liver (9±1%), perigenital adipose (16±3%), kidney (17±1%), and brain (34±2%) in double-transgenic mice. This decrease was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed a decrease in USF1, with retention of USF2 binding at the hAGT promoter in the liver of male mice. hAGT expression was reduced in the liver and other tissues of female but not male mice. The decrease in endogenous AGT expression was insufficient to alter ...

A reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) for angiotensinogen was developed in rat hepatoma H4 cells and applied to investigate the possible secretion of angiotensinogen from rat pituitary cells in primary culture. Over a 24-hour incubation period in Cunningham chambers plaques with a mean area of 2,800 +/- 430 and 590 +/- 220 microns2/plaque (SD, n = 6) formed around all viable H4 cells and 2.8 +/- 0.59% of viable pituitary cells respectively. As a positive control PRL secretion from lactotrophs was routinely checked by the RHPA and shown to form plaques with a mean area of 4,050 +/- 1,850 microns2/plaque after a 4-hour incubation. By comparing plaque size in H4 cells with angiotensinogen release in cell culture, as quantified by radioimmunoassay, the secretion rate of angiotensinogen from pituitary cells was calculated as 22 +/- 8 ng/10(6) cells/24 h. Plaque-forming cells consisted of two morphologically distinct populations; 78% being small cells (less than 6 microns diameter) containing little

We identified candidate biomarkers for the prediction of the development of severe AKI, and the prognostic potential of the most promising candidate, angiotensinogen, was verified in a larger set of patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery. We found that uAnCR was elevated in patients who developed more severe AKI after sample collection. Elevated uAnCR was associated with worsening of AKI, independent of changes in SCr and Cleveland Clinic score, and it was also associated with several secondary outcomes. The prognostic predictive power of uAnCR was improved when only patients who were classified as AKIN stage 1 at the time of sample collection were used in the analysis, indicating that angiotensinogen could be used to predict adverse outcomes among patients who have not yet developed severe AKI as measured by serum creatinine.. Our data suggest that angiotensinogen could be used at the time of diagnosis with AKI to assess the risk of adverse outcomes. This risk assessment could lead to ...

Progressive deterioration of renal function occurs during normal aging. Previous studies on the aging kidney have demonstrated glomerular hemodynamic changes, specifically, glomerular capillary hypertension, as maladaptations that lead to proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis over time. Aging rats treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition have relatively less proteinuria and sclerosis, suggesting that age-related changes in renal function may be associated with alterations in the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, which thus may play a major role in the pathogenesis of these maladaptations. To investigate this possibility, renal and systemic renin-angiotensin systems were examined at an early phase of the aging process (3 months) and at a later phase (12 months) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Although plasma renin and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme concentrations did not differ significantly, the intrarenal system showed down-regulation of renin mRNA and angiotensin-converting ...

PubMed journal article: Augmented circadian rhythm of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin systems in anti-thymocyte serum nephritis rats. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

The nuclear receptor family of transcription factors acts primarily via interacting with consensus elements in the promoter regions of the target genes and plays diverse and important roles in development and the regulation of normal physiologic functions, particularly energy metabolism.106 A number of nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,107,108 liver X receptor (LXR),98 and vitamin D receptor (VDR)109 have been implicated in the regulation of plasma volume and electrolyte homeostasis, a primary function of the RAS. It is conceivable that a crosstalk between nuclear receptors and the RAS may exist.. VDR is a well established negative regulator of the RAS.110,111 Multiple clinical studies revealed an inverse relationship between plasma 1,25 (OH) 2D3 concentrations and the BP and/or plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients as well as in normal subjects.112-114 More definitive evidence linking VDR and the RAS came from the cardiovascular phenotype of VDR null ...

Finnish physiologist Robert Tigerstedt and his assistant Per Bergman in 1858 observed that extracts from renal cortex of rabbits had a pressor effect upon intravenous injection. They named this substance renin, In 1958 the term angiotensin was given to active end product of the renin-angiotensin system by two research groups on arterial pressure, one in Indiapolis (USA) bh H Page and the other in Buenos Aires(Argentina) by Eduardo Braun Menendez. Αccording their results, the Argentina group, demonstrated that renin could act on a protein present in the plasma in order to release angiotenin (which at first was named hypertensin). This proteic substrate was named angiotensinogen as was the actual precursor of the active principle ...

Angiotensinogen in the largest biology dictionary online. Free learning resources for students covering all major areas of biology.

Peptides , Fluorescent Labeled Peptides , Renin FRET Substrate I; DABCYL-GABA-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Thr-EDANS (also called Renin Substrate I in some literature) contains a renin cleavage site that occurs in the N-terminal peptide of human angiotensinogen. Cleavage of the substrate occurs specifically at the Leu-Val bond and corresponds to the renin cleavage site of angiotensinogen. This fluorogenic peptide substrate is used to continuously measure the proteolytic activity of human renin. The assay relies upon FRET-mediated, intramolecular fluorescence quenching that occurs in the intact peptide substrate. Efficient fluorescence quenching occurs as a result of favorable energetic overlap of the EDANS excited state and the DABCYL absorption, and the relatively long excited state lifetime of the EDANS fluorophore. Cleavage of the substrate by renin liberates the peptidyl-EDANS fragment from proximity with the DABCYL acceptor, restoring the fluorescence of the EDANS moiety. This leads to a

This study investigated the impact of catalase (Cat) overexpression in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) on nuclear factor erythroid 2Crelated factor 2 (Nrf2) stimulation of angiotensinogen (or gene promoter, were also studied. from the renin-angiotensin program (RAS) have always been implicated in the advancement and development of diabetic nephropathy. Nevertheless, the root molecular mechanisms stay incompletely understood. As well as the systemic RAS, the life of an area intrarenal RAS in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) continues to be well noted (1). Many lines of proof indicate that improved era of reactive air species (ROS) is normally central towards the advancement of hypertension and RPTC apoptosis in diabetes. ROS mediate high-glucose (HG) arousal of angiotensinogen (Agt; the only real precursor of most angiotensins) gene appearance in RPTCs in vitro (2C5). Transgenic (Tg) mice particularly overexpressing rat (r) Agt (rAgt) within their RPTCs develop hypertension and kidney ...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and extracellular volume in the body. The RAS sequentially processes angiotensinogen to angiotensin II (Ang II), a peptide hormone that is a potent vasoconstrictor. Inhibition of RAS components has been used successfully in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and end organ damage. Renin catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the RAS cascade and renin is specific for angiotensinogen. Blockade of Ang II production by direct inhibition of renin has long been a therapeutic goal. Early renin inhibitors, such as enalkiren and remikiren, were effective in blood pressure lowering. However, due to poor oral bioavailability, duration of action, and high costs of synthesis, these early peptidomimetic inhibitors never progressed to pivotal clinical studies [1]. Continued clinical interest in renin has led to the recent approval of the first renin inhibitor, aliskiren (Tekturna™), a non-peptidic inhibitor ...

Исследование взаимосвязи аллельного полиморфизма генов ренин-ангиотензиновой системы, синтазы оксида азота и фолатного цикла с тяжестью ишемического инсульта

SCI de Taranan Uluslararası Dergilerdeki Makaleler:. 1. Fak AS, Küçükoğlu MS, Fak NA, Demir M, Ağır AA, Demirtaş M, Köse S, Ozdemir M. Expert panel on cost analysis of atrial fibrillation. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2013 Feb;13(1):26-38. doi: 10.5152/akd.2013.004. Epub 2012 Oct 12. 2. Orun O, Nacar C, Cabadak H, Tiber PM, Doğan Y, Güneysel Ö, Fak AS, Kan B. Investigation of the association between dopamine D1 receptor gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in a group of Turkish subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2011;33(6):418-21. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2011.561898. Epub 2011 Jul 28.. 3. Cabadak H, Orun O, Nacar C, Dogan Y, Guneysel O, Fak AS, Kan B. The role of G protein β3 subunit polymorphisms C825T, C1429T, and G5177A in Turkish subjects with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2011;33(3):202-8.. 4. Topal NP, Ozben B, Hancer VS, Tanrikulu AM, Diz-Kucukkaya R, Fak AS, Basaran Y, Yesildag O. Polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene in ...

The activation of NMDA receptors that subsequently induce cell death is believed to be primarily caused by an influx of Ca2+ into the cells, which leads to the generation of free radicals.29 In addition, it has also been reported that an enhancement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs after excessive increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration.8 The predominant form of glutamate neurotoxicity that occurs in retinal tissues has been shown to be mediated by an overstimulation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors. As a result, this causes an increase of the Ca2+ influx, which is then followed by cell death.6,30,31 Furthermore, in various eye diseases, such as retinal ischemia, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, it has been proposed that glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress contribute to the retinal damage that occurs in these disorders.32-34 An increase in the retinal angiotensinogen mRNA has also been found after ...

Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , Molecular Innovations \ RENIN_PRORENIN Rat Renin_Prorenin Double Depleted Plasma \ RPLA-SC-PREN for more molecular products just contact us

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that hormonal vitamin D (calcitriol) modulates the local pancreatic islet renin-angiotensin system (RAS) whilst improving islet beta cell secretory function. I

Angiotensin, Renin, Angiotensin Ii, Prorenin, Bradykinin, Plasma, Renin-angiotensin System, Rats, Aldosterone, Inhibition, Blood, Tissue, Angiotensin I, Human, Patients, Blood Pressure, Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Endothelium, Angiotensinogen

Angiotensin is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. It does not generally exist simply as angiotensin, but rather as angiotensinogen, befor...

Prorenin is a glycosylated aspartic protease that consists of 2?homologouslobes and is the precursor of renin. Renin activates the renin-angiotensinsystem by cleaving angiotensinogen, produced by the liver, to yield angiotensinI, which is further converted into angiotensin II by ACE, theangiotensin-converting enzyme primarily within the capillaries of the lungs. Ithas been reported that the levels of circulating prorenin (but not renin) areincreased in diabetic subjects.

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DI-fusion, le Dépôt institutionnel numérique de lULB, est loutil de référencementde la production scientifique de lULB.Linterface de recherche DI-fusion permet de consulter les publications des chercheurs de lULB et les thèses qui y ont été défendues.

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The genotyping protocol(s) presented here have been optimized for reagents and conditions used by The Jackson Laboratory (JAX). To genotype animals, JAX recommends researchers validate the assay independently upon receipt of animals into their facility. Reaction cycling temperature and times may require additional optimization based on the specific genotyping reagents used ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Modeling sex differences in the renin angiotensin system and the efficacy of antihypertensive therapies. AU - Leete, Jessica. AU - Gurley, Susan. AU - Layton, Anita T.. PY - 2018/4/6. Y1 - 2018/4/6. N2 - The renin angiotensin system is a major regulator of blood pressure and a target for many anti-hypertensive therapies; yet the efficacy of these treatments varies between the sexes. We use published data for systemic RAS hormones to build separate models for four groups of rats: male normotensive, male hypertensive, female normotensive, and female hypertensive rats. We found that plasma renin activity, angiotensinogen production rate, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and neutral endopeptidase activity differ significantly among the four groups of rats. Model results indicate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers induce similar percentage decreases in angiotensin I and II between groups, but substantially different absolute ...

In patients with treatment resistant hypertension renal nerve ablation emerged as an effective interventional approach of treating hypertensive disease with a progressively increasing fall in blood pressure. Decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system is one of the major underlying pathogenetic mechanism of the fall in blood pressure but the precise mechanisms that causes the fall in blood pressure in the short-term and, in particular, long-term remains elusive. The objective of the study is to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of renal denervation beyond the reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. In 100 hypertensive patients most advanced technology will be applied, before and repeatedly after renal denervation, throughout the follow-up period of 1 year. Systemic activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, renal perfusion (by MRI spin labeling technique), local activity of the renin angiotensin system in the kidney (urinary angiotensinogen concentrations), ...

Genetic deletion or delivery of antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) directly to the brain abolishes both renal and adipose sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) responses to leptin, suggesting a cross-talk between these central cardiovascular / metabolic control systems. To further explore this mechanism of cross-talk, we examined the sensitivity of metabolic responses in mice with transgenic hyperactivity of the brain RAS (sRA mice) to acute leptin treatment. sRA mice, previously shown to exhibit hypertension, polydipsia, and elevated SNA and resting metabolic rate, exhibit brain-specific RAS hyperactivity through neuronal expression of human renin via the synapsin promoter and expression of human angiotensinogen via its own promoter. When housed at standard room temperature (23°C), twice-daily leptin injections (1 mg/kg, i.p., 3 hrs into light phase and 2 hrs preceding dark phase of a 12:12-hr cycle) caused significant and similar reductions in body mass (control -0.76±0.13, n=5 ...

ONLINE SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Allele-Specific Expression of Angiotensinogen in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Sungmi Park 1, Ko-Ting Lu 1, Xuebo Liu 1, Tapan K. Chatterjee 2, Steven M. Rudich 3, Neal

This study provides preliminary evidence that a polymorphism in the AGT gene is independently associated with cerebral VR in white elderly persons. Homozygous carriers of the CC genotype of the rs699 SNPs have lower cerebral CO2 VR compared with the other genotypes.. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that renin angiotensin system genes are also involved in cerebral VR. Previous evidence suggests a genetic role of this system in brain health and diseases such as stroke, depression, and cognitive impairment.26,27 This study adds evidence that this system may also be involved in VR, which is linked with aging outcomes such as stroke2 and dementia.28. CO2-dependent VR is mediated in part by the endothelium and is related to changes in nitric oxide.29,30 Changes in end-tidal CO2 are associated with fast changes in pH, which modulate the effect of nitric oxide synthase leading to changes in nitric oxide production.31 In addition, ATP-dependent K+ channel activation may ...

Description: Description of target: AGT, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I, is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. The protein is involved in maintaining blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and preeclampsia. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension, and can cause renal tubular dysgenesis, a severe disorder of renal tubular development. Defects in this gene have also been associated with non-familial structural atrial fibrillation, and inflammatory bowel disease.The protein encoded by this gene, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I, is then cleaved by ...

Abstract: The content of mRNA of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes in the kidney and heart of hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats was measured by the real-time PCR. Statistically significant decrease of RAS gene mRNA was registered in the kidney of ISIAH rats, including Ren (by 45%), Аce (43%), АТ1А (34%), СОХ-2 (50%). In the myocardium АТ1А mRNA expression decreased by 28% while Ace mRNA expression increased by 80%. These results demonstrate the reduction of renal RAS basal activity in the hypertensive ISIAH rats, and this allows us to consider the ISIAH rat, as a low-renin hypertensive strain.In support of this viewpoint, in the ISIAH rats, a two-fold increase in the connective tissue sodium concentration as well as statistically significant plasma sodium increase (from 136±0,25 μmol/l in WAG to 139±0,3 μmol/l in the ISIAH rats) were found. Our conclusion backed by a tendency of the ISIAH plasma aldosterone level decrease giving in sum a classical picture of a ...

Principal Investigator：KOHZUKI Masahiro, Project Period (FY)：1994 - 1995, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), Research Field：Circulatory organs internal medicine

The results of the present study demonstrate the presence of increased concentrations of renin and prorenin in left ventricular tissue from patients with DCM. The cardiac levels of renin and prorenin were more than fivefold the cardiac levels in the donors. In addition, the cardiac tissue-to-plasma concentration ratios for renin and prorenin (molecular mass, 48 and 54 kD, respectively) were approximately threefold the ratio for serum albumin (molecular mass, 70 kD), indicating that the levels of renin and prorenin in cardiac tissue were too high to be explained by admixture with blood or by diffusion from the blood into the interstitial fluid. In normal porcine left ventricular tissue, the renin level was also higher than can be explained by its localization in extracellular fluid.4 Purified membrane fractions prepared from porcine left ventricular tissue contained renin,4 and specific binding of renin and prorenin to rat renal and other tissue membranes has been reported.35 36 In the present ...

Elevated oxidative stress is typical in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Characteristical changes in antioxidant enzyme status, represented by glutathionperoxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and changes in heat shock protein status (Hsp), denoted by Hsp25 and Hsp72, have been revealed in two different rat-models. Lipidperoxidation was quantified by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In the first model of heart failure caused by permanent activation of renin-angiotensin system in double transgenic rat, leftventricular hypertrophy accompanied by a shift of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme pattern to higher concentration of fetale CK-MB an -BB-isoforms was found. Higher TBARS concentrations and lower alpha-tocopherol levels caused by consumption have been measured. SOD and Hsp72 remained unchanged. The tolerance against experimental hypoxia/reoxygenation was improved by higher levels of GSH-Px and Hsp25 in both right and left ventricular tissue. In ...

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Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Mohammad A K Azad, Jesmin Akter, Kelly L Rogers, Roger L Nation, Tony Velkov, Jian Li].

How is Quality Control Workstation (radiographic imaging system component) abbreviated? QCW stands for Quality Control Workstation (radiographic imaging system component). QCW is defined as Quality Control Workstation (radiographic imaging system component) rarely.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Irreversible Renal Damage after Transient Renin-Angiotensin System Stimulation: Involvement of an AT(1)-Receptor Mediated Immune Response. AU - Heijnen, Bart F. J.. AU - Nelissen, Jelly. AU - van Essen, Helma. AU - Fazzi, Gregorio E.. AU - Tervaert, Jan W. Cohen. AU - Peutz-Kootstra, Carine J.. AU - Mullins, John J.. AU - Schalkwijk, Casper G.. AU - Janssen, Ben J. A.. AU - Struijker-Boudier, Harry A. J.. PY - 2013/2/28. Y1 - 2013/2/28. U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0057815. DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0057815. M3 - Article. VL - 8. JO - PLOS ONE. JF - PLOS ONE. SN - 1932-6203. IS - 2. M1 - e57815. ER - ...

The apelin-APJ system is a relatively new discovery. It has generated interest in part due to its apparent ability to counteract the renin-angiotensin system, which is frequently overactive in many cardiovascular disease.. Two of the main actions of apelin are to increase the pumping ability of the heart and cause blood vessels to relax. The investigators wish to assess if these actions are altered in the setting of normal renin-angiotensin activation and increased renin-angiotensin activity. ...

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The kidney is an organ in our body that resembles like bean. This organ performs several essential functions to save our body from the various diseases; this organ also serves as natural filter of the blood. Kidney is a very important organ of the body because it is responsible for the re-absorption of water, glucose Read more ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN RENDSZER SZEREPENEK VIZSGALATA AZ ALDOSTERON. AU - SOLYOM, J.. AU - KOTRA, Z.. AU - SALAMON, A.. AU - STURCZ, J.. PY - 1964/12/1. Y1 - 1964/12/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78651161563&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=78651161563&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 14135703. AN - SCOPUS:78651161563. VL - 16. SP - 96. EP - 100. JO - Kiserletes Orvostudomany. JF - Kiserletes Orvostudomany. SN - 0023-1878. ER - ...

This study will enroll the patients who have completed protocol AGT-181-102 where the patient, sponsor and investigator believe the patient may potentially benefit by continuing to receive AGT-181. Patients who enter the trial from early cohorts (for example 1 mg/kg) will continue on their assigned dose from the prior study until safety from the highest dose cohort is assessed. After safety and tolerability of the highest dose is known, patients may have their dose changed. ...

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Komplement C3-Mangel ist eine ausosomal rezessive Erkrankung, die durch Mutationen im Gen C3 gekennzeichnet ist und kann zu verschiedenen immunologischen Störungen führen kann, insbesondere Störungen der Abwehr von bekteriellen Infektionen.. ...

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摘要： 糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最严重的慢性并发症之一, 不同种族的发病率分析和家族聚集性研究显示遗传因素是糖尿病肾病发生、发展的重要因素。文章从3个方面对糖尿病肾病的遗传学研究进展进行综述：候选基因的关联研究、连锁分析和全基因组关联研究。关联研究及荟萃分析显示一些候选基因与糖尿病肾病显著相关, 包括ACE、AGT和PPARG等基因; 连锁分析及全基因组连锁分析发现多个糖尿病肾病的易感染色体位点; 随着高通量测序技术和芯片技术的发展, 全基因组关联研究已成为糖尿病肾病遗传学研究的重要途径。虽然遗传因素在糖尿病肾病发病中占据重要的位置, 但还不能完全解释糖尿病肾病的发病原因, 因为糖尿病肾病的发生还受环境因素的影响, ...