Classification of bacteria is challenging due to the lack of a theory-based framework. In addition, the adaptation of bacteria to ecological niches often results in selection of strains with diverse virulence, pathogenicity and transmission characteristics. Bacterial strain diversity presents challenges for taxonomic classification, which in turn impacts the ability to develop accurate diagnostics and effective vaccines. Over the past decade, the worldwide diversity of Anaplasma marginale, an economically important tick-borne pathogen of cattle, has become apparent. The extent of A. marginale strain diversity, formerly underappreciated, has contributed to the challenges of classification which, in turn, likely impacts the design and development of improved vaccines. Notably, the A. marginale surface protein 1a (MSP1a) is a model molecule for these studies because it serves as a marker for strain identity, is both an adhesin necessary for infection of cells and an immuno-reactive protein and is ...

Vector-borne pathogens are emerging concerns in multiple regions of Canada. Determining regional prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens and documenting change will improve clinician awareness, enable targeted prevention, enhance diagnosis and ideally reduce the risk of disease. Study objectives were to: (i) estimate the prevalence of positive canine vector-borne test results from samples submitted in Canada; (ii) assess change in prevalence over time, from baseline (2008) to 2015; and (iii) estimate the prevalence of pathogen co-infections. This repeat cross-sectional study evaluated 753,468 test results for D. immitis antigen and B. burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis/ewingii/muris serology, and 753,208 test results for Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys serology using the SNAP® 4Dx®Test and SNAP 4Dx® Plus Test. Based on all submitted samples from Canada (2008-2015), the period seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi, Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and D. immitis antigen were 2.0%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.2%,

Tick-borne pathogens are of great importance for small animal clinics and public health since they are increasingly prevalent among dogs and can infect humans (Jojima et al. 2008Jojima F.S., Garcia J.L., Vidotto M.C., Balarin M.R., Fabretti A.K., Gasparini M.R., Coelho A.L. & Vidotto O. 2008. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Babesia species in a canine hospital population in the Londrina Region, Parana State, Brazil. Revta Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 1:277-283., Maggi et al. 2013Maggi R.G., Mascarelli P.E., Havenga L.N., Naidoo V. & Breitschwerdt E.B. 2013. Co-infection with Anaplasma platys, Bartonella henselae and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum in a veterinarian. Parasit. Vectors 6:103.). In Brazil, there is lack of information about the distribution of hemoparasites and their vectors. This is the first study that evaluates the prevalence of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli among dogs not domiciled in the southwestern region of Paraná, South of Brazil.. All ...

The establishment and maintenance of anaplasmosis-free cattle herds is impaired due to the lack of a rapid, sensitive, and specific serologic test to detect persistently infected cattle which serve as carriers for the organism. To develop an improved diagnostic test for anaplasmosis we screened Anaplasma marginale initial body proteins to identify a protein common to antigenically different isolates that is recognized by the host immune system at all stages of infection. Seronegative cattle were infected with either the Florida, Virginia, or North Texas isolate of A. marginale and monitored for infection by daily examination of Wright-stained blood smears for parasitized erythrocytes. Sera from cattle at different stages of infection, from acute through persistent, were used to immunoprecipitate A. marginale proteins that were metabolically radiolabeled with [35S]methionine or surface radiolabeled with 125I. Multiple A. marginale proteins were recognized by using sera either undiluted or at ...

Anaplasma spp. are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by ticks. Even though numerous studies have detected DNA from Anaplasma spp. in the blood of birds, thus far mammals were the only vertebrates demonstrated to serve as competent hosts to these organisms. We report a novel candidate species of Anasplasma that was associated with cytoplasmic inclusions in the erythrocytes of an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) in South Africa. Cytoplasmic inclusions were morphologically characterized from freshly-produced blood smears, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and groEL genes were used to evaluate the evolutionary relationships of the organism to other Anaplasmataceae. Dark-purple round or oval inclusions consistent with Anaplasmataceae morulae were observed in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Phylogenetic trees produced using different methods agreed that the organism detected in this study belongs to the genus Anaplasma, and suggested that it is most closely related to the

A major surface protein complex from the Florida isolate of Anaplasma marginale has been previously shown to induce protection in immunized cattle and has been proposed as the basis of a subunit vaccine against anaplasmosis. This complex in the Florida isolate is composed of two noncovalently associated polypeptides with molecular masses of 105 and 100 kilodaltons (kDa). The analogous protein complex from four geographically different isolates of A. marginale was immunoprecipitated and compared with the protein complex of the Florida isolate. The polypeptides of the complex varied in apparent molecular mass among the isolates. By using antibodies recognizing epitopes on each polypeptide of the Florida isolate, the antigenic identity of the polypeptides in the analogous complexes was determined. The polypeptides recognized by the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 22B1, which recognizes a 105-kDa polypeptide in the Florida isolate, ranged from 70 to 100 kDa in the other isolates. Those polypeptides ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevalence of human-Active and variant 1 strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hosts and forests of Eastern North America. AU - Keesing, Felicia. AU - McHenry, Diana J.. AU - Hersh, Michelle. AU - Tibbetts, Michael. AU - Brunner, Jesse L.. AU - Killilea, Mary. AU - LoGiudice, Kathleen. AU - Schmidt, Kenneth A.. AU - Ostfeld, Richard S.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by infection with the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In the eastern United States, A. phagocytophilum is transmitted to hosts through the bite of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. We determined the realized reservoir competence of 14 species of common vertebrate hosts for ticks by establishing the probability that each species transmits two important strains of A. phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum human-Active, which causes human cases, and A. phagocytophilum variant 1, which does not) to feeding larval ticks. We also sampled ...

Shared and unique antigens were identified and partially characterized for two morphologically and antigenically distinct isolates of Anaplasma, A. marginale (Florida) (FAM) and A. caudatum (Illinois) (IAC). Crude CA-like antigens were prepared from the parasitemic blood of each calf, separated by SDS-PAGE, electroblotted onto nitrocellulose, and detected using immune bovine sera and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase assay with biotinylated rabbit anti-goat IgG (cross-reacted with cattle, sheep and deer antibodies). IAC antigens were 200 kilodalton (kd), 100 kd, 96 kd, 75 kd, 47 kd, 43 to 38 kd, and 27 kd, detected using anti-IAC and anti-FAM sera. FAM antigens were 108 kd, 100 kd, 96 kd, 91 kd, 75 kd, 47 kd, 43 to 38 kd, and 27 kd, detected using anti-FAM sera and, except for the 91 kd, with anti-IAC sera. The 91 kd is an FAM isolate-specific antigen. The 108 kd, 100 kd, and 96 kd are group-specific antigens of A. marginale and A. centrale. The 43 to 38 kd is genus-specific. The 96, 91, and 75 kd ...

The University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL) is a full-service veterinary diagnostic laboratory and Missouris only laboratory accredited by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. The VMDL is a Level I Lab of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network, Tier I Lab of the FDA Veterinary Laboratory Response Network, and a National Poultry Improvement Plan authorized lab. The VMDL maintains an effective quality assurance and quality control program. The VMDL has formal anatomical pathology, clinical pathology, and clinical microbiology training programs. The VMDL faculty hold academic appointments in the Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology and Veterinary Biomedical Sciences. The director is administratively responsible to the dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine for the overall operation of the laboratory and its multiple missions of public service, teaching, research and continuing education/extension. The VMDL faculty and staff ...

BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have examined the presence of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in South Africa, and no studies have comprehensively examined these species across the whole country. To undertake this country-wide study we adapted a duplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for use in South Africa but found that one of the genes on which the assay was based was variable ...

24.BraytonKA,PalmerGH,BrownWC: Genomicandproteomicapproaches tovaccinecandidateidentificationfor Anaplasmamarginale ExpertRev Vaccines 2006, 5: 95 101. 25.PierleSA,DarkMJ,DahmenD,PalmerGH,BraytonKA: Comparative genomicsandtranscriptomicsoftrait-geneassociation. BMCGenomics 2012, 13: 669. 26.VanOpijnenT,CamilliA: Transposoninsertionsequencing:anewtoolfor systems-levelanalysisofmicroorganisms. NatRevMicrobiol 2013, 11: 435 442. 27.ClaeysBouuaertC,ChalmersRM: Genetherapyvectors:theprospectsand potentialsofthecut-and-pastetransposons. Genetica 2010, 138: 473 484. 28.PicardeauM: Transpositionofflymarinerelementsintobacteriaasa genetictoolformutagenesis. Genetica 2010, 138: 551 558. 29.LampeDJ,GrantTE,RobertsonHM: Factorsaffectingtranspositionofthe Himar1 marinertransposoninvitro. Genetics 1998, 149: 179 187. 30.PlasterkRH,IzsvakZ,IvicsZ: Residentaliens:theTc1/marinersuperfamily oftransposableelements. TrendsGenet 1999, 15: 326 332. 31.ClarkTR,EllisonDW,KlebaB,HackstadtT: Complementationof Rickettsia ...

Ubiquinone (UQ), also called coenzyme Q, and plastoquinone (PQ) are electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis, respectively. The quinoid nucleus of ubiquinone is derived from the shikimate pathway; 4-hydroxybenzoate is directly formed from chorismate in bacteria, while it can be formed from either chorismate or tyrosine in yeast. The following biosynthesis of terpenoid moiety involves reactions of prenylation, decarboxylation, and three hydroxylations alternating with three methylations. The order of these reactions are somewhat different between bacteria and yeast. Phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E) are fat-soluble vitamins. Phylloquinone is a compound present in all photosynthetic plants serving as a cofactor for photosystem I-mediated electron transport. Menaquinone is an obligatory component of the electron-transfer pathway in bacteria ...

BLOT kit for the detection of specific IgG antibodies to the recombinant antigens of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (HGA) in human serum and plasma.

What is Anaplasmosis? Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by Anaplasma spp, a rickettsial parasite of ruminants, and is thus associated to rickettsial disease. Gram-negative microorganisms invade red blood cells and invade them. They are spread by a variety of haematophagous… Continue Reading → ...

Lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rickettsiales; Anaplasmataceae; Anaplasma; Anaplasma ...

Lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rickettsiales; Anaplasmataceae; Anaplasma; Anaplasma ...

A population of approximately 2500 dogs inhabits the island of Santa Cruz in the Galápagos Islands and many of these dogs freely roam the streets of the island in close proximity to people. The dog population receives minimal, if any, veterinary care or ectoparasite prophylaxis, leaving the majority of the dogs at risk for vector-borne infections such as Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dir ...

(34) Grouped under this heading are chlamydia, mycoplasma and other bacteria generally. Chlamydia These and anaplasma used to be classified separately from bacteria but are now...

I have a 20g with 3 platys and a BN. Recently I bought some live plants from Petco. They came with snails and within 3 days I had 2 dead female platys with what

2002) Erratum to A msp1α polymerase chain reaction assay for specific detection and differentiation of Anaplasma marginale isolates [Vet. Microbiol. 86 (2002) 325-335]. Veterinary Microbiology, 87 (4). pp. 365-366. ...

DETECTION OF Anaplasma marginale INFECTION IN A DAIRY CATTLE FARM BY STAINED BLOOD SMEAR EXAMINATION AND NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle. It is transmitted by ixodid ticks. Symptoms of acute disease are anemia, weight loss, and often death. A.marginale establishes life-long persistent infection in animals that survive disease. These animals are clinically healthy but serve as reservoirs for transmission of the pathogen. Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (Anaplasma centrale (strain Israel)) is a naturally occurring attenuated strain has been used as a live vaccine to prevent severe disease due to A. marginale senso stricto strains for 100 years. A. marginale subsp. centrale contains 10 putative genes not found in the genomes of senso stricto strains, while 18 genes found in senso stricto strains are absent from A. marginale subsp. centrale. As inoculation with purified outer membrane protein (OMP) complexes provides immunity against A. marginale, it is important to identify OMPs that differ among A,marginale to identify further vaccine candidates. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Murine neutrophils require α 1,3-fucosylation but not PSGL-1 for productive infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. AU - Carlyon, Jason A.. AU - Akkoyunlu, Mustafa. AU - Xia, Lijun. AU - Yago, Tadayuki. AU - Wang, Tian. AU - Cummings, Richard D.. AU - McEver, Rodger P.. AU - Fikrig, Erol. PY - 2003/11/1. Y1 - 2003/11/1. N2 - Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, the second most common tick-borne disease in the United States. Mice are natural reservoirs for this bacterium and man is an inadvertent host. A phagocytophilums tropism for human neutrophils is linked to neutrophil expression of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), as well as sialylated and α1,3-fucosylated glycans. To determine whether A phagocytophilum uses similar molecular features to infect murine neutrophils, we assessed in vitro bacterial binding to neutrophils from and infection burden in wild-type mice; mice lacking α1,3-fucosyltransferases Fuc-TIV and Fuc-TVII; or mice ...

Clinical. Epidemiological elements + Clinical signs. Laboratory. Direct. Using light microscopy on peripheral stained blood smears, the diagnosis relies on the observation of a typical morula of Anaplasma platys in the platelets for thrombocytic anaplasmosis and the observation of a typical morula of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the neutrophils for granulocytic anaplasmosis.. Infection is confirmed by PCR detection of bacterial DNA on tissues or blood.. Indirect. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays to determine serum antibody against Anaplasma spp. available in veterinary laboratories.. Fast diagnosis at patient-side, based on an multivalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is available for the detection of antibodies to E. canis, E. ewingii, A. phagocytophilum and A. platys.. Differential. Other tick-borne pathogens: Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp.. Co-infection with other vector-borne pathogens is reported, especially co-infection with B. burgdorferi and A. ...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic and obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks. In domestic ruminants, it is the causative agent of tick-borne fever, which causes significant economic losses in Europe. As A. phagocytophilum is difficult to isolate and cultivate, only nine genome sequences have been published to date, none of which originate from a bovine strain. Our goals were to; 1/ develop a sequencing methodology which efficiently circumvents the difficulties associated with A. phagocytophilum isolation and culture; 2/ describe the first genome of a bovine strain; and 3/ compare it with available genomes, in order to both explore key genomic features at the species level, and to identify candidate genes that could be specific to bovine strains. DNA was extracted from a bovine blood sample infected by A. phagocytophilum. Following a whole genome capture approach, A. phagocytophilum DNA was enriched 197-fold in the sample and then sequenced using Illumina technology. In total, 58.9%

Tick-borne pathogens cause emerging zoonoses, and include fastidious organisms such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Because of their obligate intracellular nature, methods for mutagenesis and transformation have not been available. To facilitate genetic manipulation, we transformed A. phagocytophilum (Ap) to express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the Himar1 transposase system and selection with the clinically irrelevant antibiotic spectinomycin. These transformed bacteria (GFP/Ap) grow at normal rates and are brightly fluorescent in human, monkey, and tick cell culture. Molecular characterization of the GFP/Ap genomic DNA confirmed transposition and the flanking genomic insertion locations were sequenced. Three mice inoculated with GFP/Ap by intraperitoneal injection became infected as demonstrated by the appearance of morulae in a peripheral blood neutrophil and re-isolation of the bacteria in culture.

Anaplasmosis is an important vector-borne rickettsial disease of ruminant livestock in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Palmer et al. 19...

Nango is neutered (April-12-2015), up to date with routine shots, micro-chipped, de-wormed and tested negative for heartworm.. Was likely abandoned as a puppy, when found collar outgrew causing neck laceration: Debridement and suture performed 04-13-2015 with full recovery. Blood Test January-25-2018. X-Rays January-25-2018. Patellar Luxation Examination January-25-2018. Dental Cleaning January-25-2018. Idexx SNAP® 4Dx® (April-11-2015). Tested negative for Heartworm, Lyme, Ehrlichia Canis, and Anaplasma Phagocytophilum. Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR Test (May-14-2015). Tested negative for Babesia spp. (B. Canis and B. Gibsoni), Ehrlichia spp. (E. Canis and Anaplasma Platys), Haemobartonella Canis, and Borrelia Burgdorferi. ...

Background: Tick-borne bacteria and protozoa can cause a variety of human and animal diseases in China. It is of great importance to monitor the prevalence and dynamic variation of these pathogens in ticks in ever-changing natural and social environment. Materials and Methods: Ticks were collected from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces of northeastern China during 2018-2019 followed by morphological identification. The presence of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. was examined by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The obtained sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis through Mega 7.0. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0. Results: A total of 250 ticks from 5 species of 3 genera were collected. Ixodes and Haemaphysalis ticks carried more species of pathogens than Dermacentor, and the pathogens detected in Haemaphysalis japonica varied significantly among different sampling sites. The infection rates of Rickettsia spp., ...

Azad, AF., Radulovic, S., Higgins, JA., Noden, BH., Troyer, JM., 1997. Flea-borne rickettsioses: ecologic considerations. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3, 319-327.. Beck, W., Boch, K., Mackensen, H., Wiegand, B. and Pfister, K., 2006 Qualitative and quantitative observations of the flea population dynamics of dogs and cats in several areas in Germany. Veterinary Pararsitology, 137, 130-136.. Bermann, F., Davoust, B., Fournier, P.E., Brisou-Lapointe, A.V., Brouqui, P., 2002. Ehrlichia equi (Anaplasma phagocytophila) infection in an adult horse in France. Vet. Rec., 150, 787-788.. Beugnet, F., Kenny, MJ., Day, MJ. , Shaw, SE. A PCR-based comparative survey of arthropod-transmitted infections in dogs, cats and prevalence in ticks in southern France. Proceedings, WAAVP 2003, New Orleans.. Beugnet, F., Loukos, H., Chalvet-Monfray, K., Bicout, D., 2008. FleaTickRisk : a climatic model developed to monitor and predict the activity and the density of 3 ticks species and the cat flea in France. Proceedings EMOP X, ...

Anaplasma marginale is a tick-transmitted, obligate intraerythrocytic pathogen of cattle, causing anaplasmosis characterized by anemia, decreased milk and meat production, and occasionally death. Animals that survive are ...

Ha, S., Furukawa, R., Stramiello, M., Wagner, J.J., and Fechheimer, M. (2011). Transgenic Mouse Model for the Formation of Hirano Bodies. BMC Neurosci. 12:97. [Epub ahead of print]. Ha, S., Furukawa, R., and Fechheimer, M. (2011). Association of AICD and Fe65 with Hirano bodies reduces transcriptional activation and initiation of apoptosis. Neurobiol Aging. 32:2287-98.. Kim, D.-H., R. Furukawa, and M. Fechheimer. 2009. Degradation of Hirano Bodies by Autophagy 5, 44-51.. Davis, R. C., Furukawa, R., and M. Fechheimer, 2008. A Mammalian Cell Culture Model for the Formation of Hirano Bodies, Acta Neuropathologica 115, 205-217.. Stich, R. W., G. A. Olah, K. A. Brayton, W. C. Brown, M. Fechheimer, K. Green-Church, S. Jittapalapong, K. M. Kocan, T. C. McGuire, F. R. Rurangirwa, and G. H. Palmer. 2004. Identification of a novel Anaplasma marginale appendage-associated protein that localizes with actin filaments during intraerythrocytic infection. Infection and Immunity 72, 7257-7264.. Maselli, A., R. ...

In der vorliegenden in vitro Studie sollte der Frage nachgegangen werden, inwieweit die Teilkronenpräparation Einfluss auf die marginale Integrität der vollkeramischen Restauration im Schmelz und im Dentin nach thermomechanischer Wechselbelastung hat. Es wurden zwei unterschiedliche Präparationsformen gewählt, wobei der vestibuläre, nichttragende Höcker auf 1,0 mm Restzahnhartsubstanzstärke ausgedünnt (Präparation A) oder zusätzlich um ca. 2,0 mm horizontal reduziert und überkuppelt (Präparation B) wurde. Von den Zähnen wurden vor und nach thermomechanischer Wechselbelastung Epoxidharzreplikate hergestellt, an denen die marginale Integrität computergestützt bei 201 facher Vergrößerung mittels rasterelektronenmikroskopischer Randanalyse sowohl an allen Grenzen (Schmelz/Befestigungskomposit, Dentin/Befestigungskomposit und Keramik/Befestigungskomposit), als auch an allen Flächen (okklusal/vestibulär, palatinal, approximal/mesial und approximal/distal) ermittelt wurde. Bei ...

It is defined as a disorder in which there is an infection caused by the bacteria. It resides in the cell and is known as the Anaplasma phago cyto philum.

I wanted to pass a little information to you all that cache with your pets, and also to make you aware of this as it can also affect humans. My dog was in serious joint pain and overall tenderness this week, lack of energy, and shivering at times. My first thought was lyme disease, as she has already experienced that quite a few years ago. Off to the vet we go, only to find out after blood work and testing in the office, that it is not lyme, but another tick issue called anaplasma. This is

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Prices - Initial Exam - $70.00 +Toe Nail Trim - $12.50Vaccine Exam - $70.00 +Microscopic Fecal Analysis - $48.004dx Test (hwt,lymes, tick fever, anaplasma) -

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I had thought to linger around the house in my Jammies and not do much, except possibly go buy some female platys because the lone female does not appreciate their attentions ...

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http://publications.ki.se/xmlui/discover?query=978-91-7409-752-8&submit=S%C3%B6k. 2011-10 Specialist in stomatognathic physioloogy (orofacial pain), Eastmaninstitutet Folktandvården AB. 2012-02 Doctoral Supervisor Training course, Karolinska Institutet. 2012-12 Teaching and learning in Higher Education, Karolinska Institutet. 2016-05 Specialist in Advanced Pain Medicine, Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI). 2017-01 Associate professor in odontology, Karolinska Institutet. ...

Serological surveys have confirmed Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in dromedary camels, but molecular surveys and genetic characterisation of camel-associated Anaplasma species are lacking. In this study, we detected tick-borne Anaplasmataceae in 30 of 100 (30%) healthy dromedary camels screened using a combined 16S rRNA-groEL PCR-sequencing approach. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed Anaplasmataceae genome presence in 28 of the 33 16S rRNA PCR-positive samples, with two additional positive samples, for which 16S rRNA sequence data were ambiguous, being identified by groEL gene characterisation. Phylogenetic analyses of a 1289 nt segment of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the presence of a unique Ehrlichia lineage and a discrete Anaplasma lineage, comprising three variants, occurring at an overall prevalence of 4% and 26%, respectively. Genetic characterisation of an aligned 559 nt groEL gene region revealed the camel-associated Anaplasma and Ehrlichia lineages to be novel ...

The genus Anaplasma consists of tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacteria that invade white or red blood cells to cause debilitating and potentially fatal infections. A. phagocytophilum, a human and veterinary pathogen, infects neutrophils to cause granulocytic anaplasmosis. A. marginale invades bovine erythrocytes. Evidence suggests that both species may also infect endothelial cells in vivo. In mammalian and arthropod host cells, A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale reside in host cell derived pathogen-occupied vacuoles (POVs). While it was recently demonstrated that the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (ApV) intercepts membrane traffic from the trans-Golgi network, it is unclear if it or the A. marginale-occupied vacuole (AmV) interacts with other secretory organelles. Here, we demonstrate that the ApV and AmV extensively interact with the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in endothelial, myeloid, and/or tick cells. ER lumen markers, calreticulin and protein disulfide isomerase, and the ER

A TaqMan real-time PCR assay targeting the Anaplasma citrate synthase gene, gltA, was developed and used for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in 765 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from dogs and cats in northern Norway (n = 669) and Telemark county in southern Norway (n = 96). Among the ticks from northern Norway the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was 3.0 %, while the prevalence in southern Norway was 2.1 % (p = 0.63). The gltA PCR assay showed a high analytical sensitivity (30 genomic units) and efficiency (98.5 %), and its utility in clinical diagnostics should be evaluated in future studies. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum occurrence in ticks collected north of the Arctic Circle in Norway. The prevalence is comparable to that found in Telemark county in southern Norway.

Fourteen vertebrate species (10 mammals and 4 birds) were assessed for their ability to transmit Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, to uninfected feeding ixodid ticks. Small mammals were most likely to infect ticks but all species assessed were capable of transmitting the bacterium, in contrast to previous findings.

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular bacterium of neutrophils....

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Drovers. Molecular biologist Susan Noh, at the Agricultural Research Services Animal Disease Research Unit in Pullman, Washington, is working to develop a vaccine to protect against anaplasmosis, a tick-transmitted disease of cattle. Caused by the microbe Anaplasma marginale, anaplasmosis affects cattle health, well-being, and production in many parts of the world and is characterized by severe anemia, fever, and weight loss. Despite this threat, there is no widely accepted vaccine for anaplasmosis.. Through their studies, Noh and her colleagues at Washington State University have identified important proteins to include in a potential vaccine, which is now being tested on animals. They found that small groups of the outer surface proteins of A. marginale induce an immune response that not only reduces symptoms, but can also prevent A. marginale infection in some animals. Some of the more promising vaccines being tested have protected 80 to 90 percent of the animals from clinical disease and ...

George Garrity, Don J. Brenner, James T. Staley, Noel R. Krieg, David R. Boone, Paul De Vos, Michael Goodfellow, Fred A. Rainey, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, ...,Bergeys Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, lk 123,2005,Googlei raamat veebiversioon (vaadatud 21.01.2014) (inglise keeles) ...

Cel mai adeasea, cei care locuiesc la bloc isi achizitioneaza si monteaza centrale termice cu condensare datorita faptului ca acestea consuma putina energie.. Nu trebuie sa mergi neaparat prin magazine si sa umbli zile in sir pentru a cumpara o centrala. Poti cumpara o centrala si online de pe Epinvest.ro. Intra pe site si consulta lista cu centralele disponibile.. Nu este convenabil sa cumperi centrale termice cu condensare atunci cand locuiesti la casa. Daca locuiesti la casa, cel mai convenabil este sa-ti achizitionezi o centrala termica pe lemne. Ai cu siguranta spatiu suficient pentru depozitarea lemnelor si suficient spatiu pentru camera in care tii centrala.. ...

La Conférence sur le diabète et les autres MNT en Afrique de lOuest et en Afrique centrale a examiné les défis que le diabète et les autres maladies non transmissibles représentent pour la santé et le bien-être des citoyens de la région et par conséquent pour les économies de ces pays. Les participants à cette rencontre ont adopté la déclaration suivante et ont lancé un appel urgent à laction ...

En soutien aux secteurs de la culture et de la création en Afrique centrale. Projet mis en oeuvre par un consortium de partenaires africains et européens.

Paul Salkin - Alors que les tensions russo-allemandes sont à leur comble en Europe, Cobourg et Hanovre, ethnologues de sang royal, débarquent au XXIe siècle dans un Congo qui entre dans lère des indépendances.

Red is the color of excitement, fierceness, and happiness. In Asian countries, it is also a symbol of luck and prosperity. Among fishes, the species that has a... Read More... ...