An endogenous opioid peptide derived from BETA-LIPOTROPIN of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system. It is the 16-amino acid sequence of the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN and differs from GAMMA-ENDORPHIN by one amino acid (beta-endorphin 1-17 ...

α-Endorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a length of 16 amino acids, and the amino acid sequence: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr. Endorphin E Hazum; KJ Chang; P Cuatrecasas (1979-09-07). Specific nonopiate receptors for beta-endorphin. Science. 205 (4410): 1033-1035. doi:10.1126/science.224457 ...

Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Endorphins, alpha-endorphin, beta-endorphin, and gamma-endorphin, are endogenous morphine-like substances with a similar chemical structure and analgesic function as morphine (endorphin is a short term for endogenous morphine). Endorphin is the basis of a diverse system (opioid system) associated with physiological function and pathological disorders. As components of an intrinsic pain suppression system, endorphins are involved in regulating the pathogenesis of pain. Activation of the endorphin system triggers an endogenous analgesia cascade by modulating nociceptive signals within the local circuits, such as in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (the gate control theory of pain), resulting in reducing or inhibiting nociceptive messages forwarded to the somatosensory system. Endorphins, similar to other endogenous opioid peptides, is sensitive to different stress factors. Activation of the opioid system is one of the most effective ways to ...

A sensing interface for specific protein capture was fabricated using a novel molecular imprinting (MIP) process. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) were imprinted on a quartz substrate with modified alkyl groups, and target protein capture was detected using a deep-UV fluorescence image microscope (UVFLIM). The imprinted protein was immobilized to silica beads (diameter: 15 μm) using a phospholipid polymer containing both active ester groups and silane coupling groups, which were used as protein stamps to prepare the imprinting surface. Protein recognition sites were constructed by integrating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the ligand, which was immobilized with a biocompatible photoreactive phospholipid polymer. When BSA solution was added to the BSA-based MIP substrate, strong fluorescence was observed from the tryptophan residue of BSA. In contrast, for the OVA-based MIP substrate and non-MIP substrate, no fluorescence was observed. The surface showed good selectivity of BSA ...

Influenza virus H5N1, which caused the recent outbreak of avian flu, may have a new enemy. Researchers at the University of Marylands A. James Clark School of Engineering have created a virus sponge that could filter a patients blood in a process similar to kidney dialysis, removing the virus from the patients body. The concept could also be used to make vaccine production more efficient and in a pill to reduce glucose levels in diabetics, among other applications. The virus sponge is based on a technology called molecular imprinting. In molecular imprinting, researchers stamp a molecules shape into a substance (in this case, a hydrogel-a material that looks like a powder when dry; and like Jell-O when wet). When the specific molecule filters through the hydrogel, it fits in the imprint hole and is trapped. The research group of Peter Kofinas, a professor in the Clark Schools Fischell Department of Bioengineering, is the first to apply molecular imprinting to the capture of viruses, and ...

The aim of this work is to serve as a guideline for the initial selection of monomer and solvent for the synthesis of the nitrocompound - based molecularly imprinted polymers, MIPs. Reported data includes evaluation of six systems with ability to for

Principal Investigator：TAKAGI Makoto, Project Period (FY)：1995 - 1998, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Section：一般, Research Field：工業分析化学

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The wealth of molecular precursors for organic and inorganic polymers has resulted in an incredible volume of molecular imprinting literature. The vast majority of reports deal with organic polymer systems, and molecular imprinting in silica can still be considered a small niche in the field. In this review,

29] Wang S., Xu Z.X., Fang G.Z., Zhang Y., Liu B., Zhu H.P.,Development of a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay method for the determination of estrone inenvironmental water using novel molecularly imprinted filmsof controlled thickness as artificial antibodies, J. Agric. Food.Chem., 2009, 57, 4528-4534.[Crossref ...

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Description: This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5 untranslated region of this gene is alternatively spliced, resulting in four separate mRNA transcripts. The coding region is ...

The turning point of modern immunological theory was the advent of the clonal selection theory (Burnet, Talmage - 1957). A useful heuristic in the classification of theoretical models was the contrast of instructive with selective models of the acquisition of information by biological systems. The neo-Darwinian synthesis of the 1940s had consolidated biologists model of evolution based on prior random variation and natural selection, viz. differential fecundity. While evolution in the large was by then pretty well settled, controversy remained about examples of cellular adaptation to chemical challenges, like induced drug-resistance, enzyme formation and the antibody response. While instructive theories have been on the decline, some clear cut examples can be found of molecular imprinting in the abiotic world, leading, e.g. to the production of specific sorbents. Template-driven assembly, as in DNA synthesis, has remained a paradigm of instructive specification. Nevertheless, the ...

The molecular imprinting is a process by which selected functional monomers that self-assemble around a master molecule and polymerize in the presence of a crosslinking agent.

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γ-Endorphin is an opioid peptide that is characterized by the presence of 17 amino acids. The first 16 amino acids are identical to α-endorphin with Leucine added at the end. Similar to other endorphins, research focusing upon γ-endorphin has been ongoing since its discovery in the 1970s. Yet, most of the information about the substances exact role within the body is speculation that has yet to be proven. Some studies have indicated, however, that the polypeptide has antipsychotic effects on a certain category of patients suffering from schizophrenia, while others suggest that gamma-endorphin may act to help regulate blood pressure. Further research is needed, but if γ-endorphin does indeed possess such characteristics, the substance could eventually be utilized as a useful means of medical treatment. Molecular Expressions: Images from the Microscope. Micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-25 ...

Molecular imprinting is a promising technique for the preparation of synthetic polymers of predetermined specificity. Function monomers are copolymerized with crosslinkers in the desired molecule, the imprinted molecule. Molecular imprinted polymers have been applied in an increasing number of fields including Separation, antibody and ceptor binding mimics, catalysis and artificial enzymes, biosensor-like devices. Besides, some problems and future research topics of this technique are discussed.

Novel analyte-responsive inverse-opal hydrogels (IOHs) based on molecular imprinting technology were fabricated to generate a highly selective and sensitive device for the colorimetric detection of tetracycline (TC). The TC-responsive IOHs were constructed by packing periodic silica-air arrays and then photo

Abstract: Molecular imprinting is an important tool for generating synthetic receptors with specific recognition sites. The resulting artificial receptor has been extensively used in areas that require molecular recognition. Nevertheless, various imprinted materials synthesized using conventional imprinting protocols have low binding capacities and slow binding kinetics because of difficulty in extracting the original templates and high resistance to mass transfer. The combination of molecular imprinting and nanostructured materials is expected to overcome such difficulties. In this work, template molecules were attached onto the electrospun fibers and by using electrospun nanofibers and attached molecules as sacrificial templates, surface molecularly imprinted membranes with bi-, tri- or tetramodal pore structures were fabricated in the absence or presence of SiO2 nanoparticles in the molecular imprinting precursor. As a demonstration, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hemoglobin from bovine blood ...

Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5' untranslated region of this gene is ...

article{7ad62f97-b07f-4eb0-a3bf-db956a1e18d1, abstract = {The technique of molecular imprinting allows the formation of specific recognition sites in synthetic polymers through the use of templates or imprint molecules. These recognition sites mimic the binding sites of antibodies and other biological receptor molecules. Molecularly imprinted polymers can therefore be used in applications relying on specific molecular binding events. The stability, ease of preparation and low cost of these materials make them particularly attractive. This review focuses on recent developments and advances in the field of molecularly imprinted materials, with special emphasis on applications in immunoassays and sensors recently developed by our group and by others.}, author = {Haupt, Karsten Olaf}, issn = {1364-548X}, language = {eng}, number = {2}, pages = {171--178}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, series = {Chemical Communications}, title = {Imprinted polymers - Tailor-made mimics of antibodies and ...

Stream Bio, a company that develops and manufactures a range of transformative bioimaging molecular probes, is delighted to announce a new joint venture with Colworth based MIP Diagnostics Ltd., a world leader in molecular imprinting for diagnostic and other applications. The collaborative project will focus on the development of a COVID-19 (or SARS-Cov-2) antigen reagent for assays, a lateral flow Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and an ELISA type assay for high throughput screening (HTS) or mass testing.. The unique properties of both Streams and MIPs novel technologies allows for fast development of an extremely sensitive, and stable detection platform for the virus. The lateral flow project aims to reduce the diagnosis time to just 10 minutes, while the ELISA assay would enable a different detection system common in nearly all labs to be utilised alongside PCR, dramatically increasing capability.. With current PCR-based methods, it can take over a day to receive and act on lab results. The ...

The molecular imprinting techniques have been extensively studied for molecular recognition and their potential applications to separation and catalysis. The traditional imprinting method uses the crosslinking polymerization in the presence of a substrate molecule followed by grinding the bulk system to microparticles with an irregular shape. In addition, the imprinting is restricted to a hydrophobic substrate because the polymerization reaction is usually done in the organic solvent using hydrophobic monomers. In this case, the irregular shape and microparticle size might be a concern for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) application as a biosensor. In this study, we investigated a well-defined nanosphere with a core-shell structure for molecular imprinting. The hydrophilic substrates including D-glucose (D-Glu) or L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) were imprinted on the surface (shell) of nanosphere and their binding behavior were investigated. Their enantiomer (L-Glu or D-Phe) binding behavior to the ...

Receptors generated by natural evolution in living organisms show an astonishing capacity for specifically recognizing target molecules. If applied as recognition units of biosensors, these receptors provide very high selectivity. However, they suffer from instability under measurement conditions, and low durability. Devising alternative robust artificial receptors circumvents these deficiencies. For instance, an antibody can be successfully replaced by a corresponding molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), sometimes called a plastic antibody. Therefore, MIPs used as recognition units in chemical sensors are gaining increasing interest. In this review, we survey selected examples of MIPs used for determining target bioanalytes by mimicking natural recognition. For scientists working with biosensors, MIPs might be considered as alternatives to natural receptors, such as antibodies, enzymes, or histones.

Cooperative binding is commonly observed in biological receptor systems. This study investigates whether it is possible to prepare nano-sized molecularly imprinted polymers (nanoMIPs) that show cooperative binding. NanoMIPs which exhibit cooperative binding would have increased affinity for immobilised template molecules making them useful for advanced applications in diagnostics and sensors. The use of a templatederivatised solid support provides a facile route to prepare nanoMIPs with surface imprints, and the method is ideally suited to study this topic. Although not observed during the course of this study, positive interbinding site cooperativity was hypothesised by way of an increase in the number of binding sites imprinted on the nanoMIPs, by increasing template density on the solid support surface. After synthesis, the affinity of nanoMIPs was analysed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Under the conditions investigated, a ten fold increase in binding affinity was measured ...

Small particles of polymeric material are produced by expansion of a mixture of monomers and a propellant. The size and shape of the particles can be precisely tailored by materials selection and expansion conditions. Particles of 10 nanometers to 100 microns can be produced. If monomers exhibiting solid state reactivity are utilized, the particles thus formed can be polymerized at any time after formation. The particles produced by this method can be molecularly imprinted by incorporating a template into the particle prior to fully curing the particle, in a manner which allows selective extraction of the template from the cured particle after formation without deformation of the imprint site. A two step polymerization process allows the particles to be deposited on and adhered to a wide variety of substrates without additional agents. The molecularly imprinted particles can be used in a wide variety of applications including the selective binding of analyte from a sample, where the analyte is the

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are used to characterize and quantify biomolecular interactions. Real-time and fast measurement, high sensitivity and specificity, no need of labeled reagents are the unique properties of SPR biosensors. SPR biosensors have been used for detection of several analytes. Recently, molecular imprinting technology is used for creation of biorecognition surfaces on the SPR biosensors. Molecular imprinting is the technology of designing materials with robust recognition sites suitable for interaction with the print molecule. Due to their stability in complex matrices under tough conditions, ease of preparation, low cost, reusability, high recognition capacity to the template molecule and binding characteristics as high as those of natural binders, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are extensively used in a variety of areas, such as catalysis, separations, solid-phase extractions and biosensors. In this study, an SPR biosensor was prepared for prostate ...

LVV-hemorphin 6: from human pituitary gland; opioid active peptide fragment of hemoglobin which corresponds to the sequence position 32-40 of the beta chain of human hemoglobin

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A new series of phosphonyl derivatives has been prepared and tested for inhibition of serine (classes A and C) beta-lactamases. The results were compared with those previously acquired with aryl phosphonate monoesters and with alkaline hydrolysis rates. A methyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate monoanion was markedly poorer as an inhibitor of the class C beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99 than a comparable p-nitrophenyl phosphonate. Phosphonyl fluorides, thiophenyl esters, N-phenylphosphonamidates and a p-nitrophenyl thionophosphonate were, in general, comparable with p-nitrophenyl phosphonates in inhibitory power. The incorporation of a specific amino side chain led to an increase in the rates of inhibition of around 10(4)-fold. Apparently unresponsive to the addition of the side chain to the enzyme was N-phenyl methylphosphonamidate, where binding of the side chain may interfere with access of the leaving group to a proton which is necessary to active-site phosphonylation and inhibition. ...

With great sadness, we inform our colleagues and the scientific community of the decease of Prof. Dr. Denise P. Barlow. Denise died on October 21, 2017 at the age of 67 after severe illness in the company of friends. Denise Barlow was one of the most accomplished geneticists ever to operate in Austria and one of the most inspiring epigeneticists in Europe. Denise Barlow is one of the few researchers who could claim not only to have discovered a fundamental regulatory principle of eukaryotic gene expression, molecular imprinting, but to actually have elucidated the underlying mechanism.. In 1991, the Barlow group discovered the first mammalian imprinted gene (Igf2r) and since then, has worked relentlessly to uncover many fascinating details of the imprinting mechanism. As a result, imprinting of the Igf2r gene has acted as a model of epigenetic regulation in mammals. Her laboratory has shown that an unusual and very long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a macro ncRNA, induces imprinted gene expression. ...

Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology, are robust molecular recognition elements able to mimic natural recognition entities, such as antibodies and biological receptors, useful to separate and analyze complicated samples such as biological fluids and environmental samples. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field discussing first general aspects in MIP preparation and then dealing with various application aspects. This review aims to outline the molecularly imprinted process and present a summary of principal application fields of molecularly imprinted polymers, focusing on chemical sensing, separation science, drug delivery and catalysis. Some significant aspects about preparation and

Abstract: A highly selective imprinted sorbent was prepared by a surface molecular imprinting technique, and used for solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) to determine trace norfloxacin (NOF) in complicated samples. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was obtained by using NOF as the template, β-cyclodextrin-methyl methacrylate (β-CD-MMA) and acrylamide (AM) as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the cross-linking agent and toluene as the porogen. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymer have been evaluated to optimize the selective preconcentration of the NOF from fish samples. The NOF from fish samples, selectively extracted by MIP, was detected by RP-HPLC. The MISPE-HPLC method showed high selectivity and good recoveries (>85.7%). It was demonstrated that this MISPE-HPLC method could be applied for direct preconcentration and determination of quinolones in real ...

Definition of LIA in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is LIA? Meaning of LIA as a legal term. What does LIA mean in law?

TY - JOUR. T1 - The distribution of immunoreactive α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone cells in the adult human pituitary gland. AU - Coates, P. J.. AU - Doniach, I.. AU - Hale, A. C.. AU - Rees, L. H.. PY - 1986. Y1 - 1986. N2 - It has been suggested that a proportion of the adenomas and the nodular hyperplasia of cells in the pituitary gland in cases of Cushings disease are derived from cells of the pars intermedia rather than the pars anterior. The evidence can be summarized as follows: the posterior site of adenoma or nodular hyperplasia in the pituitary, the innervation of cells and the suppressive response to the dopamine agonist bromocriptine in vivo or to dopamine in vitro. All these observations infer analogy with cells of the pars intermedia of other species, which are controlled by direct neural tonic dopaminergic inhibition. The adult human pituitary gland, however, does not possess a morphologically distinct pars intermedia, due to regression of the rudimentary fetal pars intermedia ...

Endoproteinase Lys-C is a highly-purified serine protease isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes that hydrolyzes specifically at the carboxyl side of Lysine. Lys-C retains proteolytic activity under protein denaturing conditions such as 8M urea, which is used to improve digestion of proteolytically resistant proteins. Lys-C activity is optimal in the pH range of 7.0-9.0. This protease can be used alone or in combination with other proteases to produce protein digests for peptide mapping applications or proteinidentification by peptide mass fingerprinting or MS/MS spectral matching. Endoproteinase Lys-N is a metalloprotease that cleaves at the amino side of lysine residues. Lys-N is a zinc metalloprotease derived from Grifola frondosa that retains proteolytic activity under protein denaturing conditions such as 8M urea, which is used to improve digestion of proteolytically resistant proteins. Charged amino-terminal peptide fragments generated by Lys-N are useful for de novo sequencing with ETD

Purpose: : Molecular imprinting has been used to prolong drug release in drug delivery applications. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been shown to decrease lysozyme sorption and improve wettability in model contact lenses when used as an internal wetting agent. It was of interest to investigate the release of imprinted HA to determine if imprinting prolonged HA release and if this released HA decreased lysozyme sorption. Methods: : Model conventional (pHEMA) and silicone (pHEMA/TRIS) hydrogels were synthesized. HA was added to the reaction mixture prior to UV polymerization. The release of HA into PBS was measured using UV Spectroscopy at 280 nm. Throughout the release, hydrogels were removed from PBS, dried and then incubated with radiolabeled lysozyme for 2 hrs (pHEMA) and 24 hrs (pHEMA/TRIS) to determine if the released HA could decrease sorption. Results: : HA (35 and 910 kDa) was released from pHEMA hydrogels for 14 days. The lysozyme sorption ranged from 5.26 ± 0.32 to 13.49 ± 0.77 µg for 35 ...

In chapter 3, The Sense of Sensibility, author Wendy Jones uses scenes from one of Jane Austens most celebrated novels to illustrate the functioning of the bodys stress response system.. 0 Comments. ...

A molecularly imprinted sol-gel is reported for selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of the drug naloxone (NLX). The sensor was developed by combining molecular imprinting and sol-gel techniques and electrochemically grafting the sol solution onto a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The sol-gel layer was obtained from acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of a solution composed of triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS) and tetraethoxysilane (TES). The fabrication, structure and properties of the sensing material were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Parameters affecting the sensors performance were evaluated and optimized. A sensor fabricated under the optimized conditions responded linearly between 0.0 µM and 12 µM NLX, with a detection limit of 0.02 µM. The sensor also showed good run-to-run repeatability and batch-to-batch performance reproducibility with relative standard

Somatropin is a polypeptide hormone consisting of 191 amino acid residues and its structure is identical to that of growth hormone extracted from human pituitary glands.The clinical efficacy of SEROSTIM (somatropin for injection) was assessed in a short term metabolic study and two placebo-controlled Phase III clinical trials.Patients completing 12 weeks of treatment were eligible to receive open-label SEROSTIM therapy.