Increased urinary albumin excretion is an important marker of kidney injury and a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Black individuals have higher levels of urinary albumin excretion than white individuals, which may contribute to racial disparities in cardiovascular outcomes, according to background information in the study. Previous research indicated that the association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) with incident stroke differed by race, such that higher urinary ACR was independently associated with a greater risk of incident stroke in black individuals but not in white individuals. Whether similar associations extend to coronary heart disease (CHD) is unclear. Orlando M. Gutierrez, M.D., M.M.Sc., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and colleagues conducted a study to determine whether the association of urinary albumin excretion with CHD events differs by race. The study included black and white U.S. adults, 45 years and older, who were enrolled within ...

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of the increased morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was determined in adults with insulin dependent diabetes of five or more years duration that had started before the age of 41. All eligible patients (n=982) attending a diabetes clinic were asked to collect a 24 hour urine sample for analysis of albumin excretion by radio-immunoassay; 957 patients complied. Normoalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin excretion of ≤30 mg/24 h (n=562), microalbuminuria as 31-299 mg/24 h (n=215), and macroalbuminuria as ≥300 mg/24 h (n=180). The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients whose diabetes had developed before rather than after the age of 20. The prevalence of arterial hypertension increased with increased albuminuria, being 19%, 30%, and 65% in patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria respectively. The ...

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors prevent the progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and we studied how that benefit varies by the type of diabetes and baseline urinary albumin. We pooled data from 49 randomized controlled trials in a meta-analysis using the ratio of endpoint urinary albumin levels in those treated compared to those untreated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in both fixed- and random-effects models. The urinary albumin excretion for treated microalbuminuric patients with Type 1 diabetes was on average 60% lower at the end of the trial compared with patients not treated with renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system inhibitors using the fixed-effects model and 67% lower using the random-effects model. There was no significant effect of treatment in patients with normal albumin excretion. For normoalbuminuric patients with Type 2 diabetes, urinary albumin excretion was on average 12% lower after treatment using the fixed-effects

We studied here the independent associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria with mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We performed a collaborative meta-analysis of 13 studies totaling 21,688 patients selected for CKD of diverse etiology. After adjustment for potential confounders and albuminuria, we found that a 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 lower eGFR below a threshold of 45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was significantly associated with mortality and ESRD (pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.47 and 6.24, respectively). There was significant heterogeneity between studies for both HR estimates. After adjustment for risk factors and eGFR, an eightfold higher albumin- or protein-to-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with mortality (pooled HR 1.40) without evidence of significant heterogeneity and with ESRD (pooled HR 3.04), with significant heterogeneity between HR estimates. Lower eGFR and more severe albuminuria ...

Abstract Microalbuminuria is a known marker of subclinical organ damage. Its prevalence is higher in patients with resistant hypertension than in subjects with blood pressure at goal. On the other hand, some patients with apparently well-controlled hypertension still have microalbuminuria. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between microalbuminuria and both office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. A cohort of 356 patients (mean age 64±11 years; 40.2% females) with resistant hypertension (blood pressure ≥140 and/or 90 mm Hg despite treatment with ≥3 drugs, diuretic included) were selected from Spanish hypertension units. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ,30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were excluded. All patients underwent clinical and demographic evaluation, complete laboratory analyses, and good technical-quality 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was averaged from 3 first-morning void urine samples. Microalbuminuria ...

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Chapter 1. Executive Summary 1.1. Market Snapshot 1.2. Global & Segmental Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018-2027 (USD Billion) 1.2.1. Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market, by Region, 2018-2027 (USD Billion) 1.2.2. Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market, by Type, 2018-2027 (USD Billion) 1.2.3. Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market, by Product, 2018-2027 (USD Billion) 1.2.4 Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market, by End user, 2018-2027 (USD Billion) 1.3. Key Trends 1.4. Estimation Methodology 1.5. Research Assumption Chapter 2. Global Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market Definition and Scope 2.1. Objective of the Study 2.2. Market Definition & Scope 2.2.1. Scope of the Study 2.2.2. Processing Evolution 2.3. Years Considered for the Study 2.4. Currency Conversion Rates Chapter 3. Global Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market Dynamics 3.1. Albumin & Creatinine Tests Market Impact Analysis (2018-2027) 3.1.1. Market Drivers 3.1.2. Market Challenges 3.1.3. Market Opportunities Chapter 4. Global Albumin & Creatinine Tests ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 mt2, persisting for 3 months or more, irrespective of the cause.[1] It is a state of progressive loss of kidney function ultimately resulting in the need for renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation). Kidney damage refers to pathologic abnormalities either suggested by imaging studies or renal biopsy, abnormalities in urinary sediment, or increased urinary albumin excretion rates. The 2012 KDIGO CKD classification recommends details about the cause of the CKD and classifies into 6 categories based on glomerular filtration rate (G1 to G5 with G3 split into 3a and 3b). It also includes the staging based on three levels of albuminuria (A1, A2, and A3), with each stage of CKD being sub-categorized according to the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in (mg/gm) or (mg/mmol) in an early morning

We can confirm that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensisn system, both at the level of ACE and at the level of the AII receptor, is associated with more effective reduction in blood pressure than observed with a single agent and that this observation extends to patients with diabetes. We cannot, however, determine from the present study if these further effects on urinary albumin excretion relate to more effective reduction in blood pressure or to more complete blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Our results provide additional evidence for a role for agents which interrupt the renin-angiotensin system in conferring renoprotective effects in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.. Our results are consistent with experimental data that emphasise the central role of interruption of the renin-angiotensin system in mediating the renoprotective effects of ACE inhibitors.13 We cannot exclude that the similarity in effects between ACE inhibitors and AII receptor antagonists relates ...

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Patients with chronic kidney disease and severely decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are at high risk for kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. Accurate estimates of risk and timing of these clinical outcomes could guide patient counseling and therapy. Therefore, we developed models using data of 264,296 individuals in 30 countries participating in the international Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium with estimated GFR (eGFR)s under 30 ml/min/1.73m2. Median participant eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio were 24 ml/min/1.73m2 and 168 mg/g, respectively. Using competing-risk regression, random-effect meta-analysis, and Markov processes with Monte Carlo simulations, we developed two- and four-year models of the probability and timing of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), a non-fatal CVD event, and death according to age, sex, race, eGFR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and ...

In our cross-sectional study in micro- and macroalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients we demonstrated that simple and rapid estimation of GFR using either the MDRD equation for determination of GFR or the Cockcroft-Gault formula for creatinine clearance (adjusted for BSA) correlated with GFR determined by 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance in the range from 20 to 178 ml · min−1 per 1.73 m2. This is the first study to evaluate this specifically in microalbuminuric diabetic patients. Despite the correlation, the estimates significantly underestimated GFR in both micro- and macroalbuminuric patients, with increasing underestimation with increasing values (lack of accuracy) and as reflected by the wide limits of agreement. There was also lack of precision for both estimates. The underestimation was larger in microalbuminuric compared with macroalbuminuric patients. Furthermore, the sensitivity to detect impaired renal function (GFR ,60 ml · min−1 per 1.73 m2) was only 72% for the MDRD estimate and 66% ...

This study aimed to estimate the relationship between various lipid abnormalities and albuminuria in hypertensive Korean adults. Data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011 to 2012 were analyzed. The study included 2330 hypertensive participants. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured. Dyslipidemia parameters were defined as high TG ≥200 mg/dL, low HDL-C as HDL-C ,40 mg/dL, high TC/HDL-C as TC/HDL-C ratio ≥4, high TG/HDL-C as TG/HDL-C ratio ≥3.8, and high LDL-C/HDL-C as LDL-C/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5. Albuminuria was defined as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g. Women with albuminuria showed significantly higher levels of TG, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C and a lower level of HDL-C than women without albuminuria (all P , 0.05). LogTG, TC/HDL-C, and logTG/HDL-C were positively correlated with ACR in both men and women; ...

Methods-We retrospectively reviewed 85 consecutive patients with acute small subcortical infarcts in the lenticulostriate artery territory who were admitted to our stroke center within 24 hours of symptom onset and underwent serial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Albuminuria was determined based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio obtained from a first morning spot urine after admission. Infarct volume was measured on axial sections of the initial and follow-up DWI. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as an increase of ≥2 points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score during the first 5 days after admission.. ...

A prospective, randomised, double-blind, multicentric and comparative study to investigate, on a long-term basis, the preventive effect on the transition to overt nephropathy and the safety of Telmisartan (Micardis) against placebo in patients with diabetic nephropathy, manifesting microalbuminuria associated with type II diabetes.. Study Hypothesis:. The hypothesis is that Telmisartan (Micardis) at 40 mg or 80 mg versus placebo control in patients with concurrent type II diabetic mellitus or diabetic nephropathy demonstrating microalbuminuria, has the preventive effect on transition from incipient to overt nephropathy.. Comparison(s):. The primary endpoint is defined as the transition from incipient to overt nephropathy, and the non-transition curve will be demonstrated based on the Kaplan-Meier method. The evaluation criteria for the point to transition to overt nephropathy is defined as urinary albumin to creatinine ratios at consecutive 2 measuring points increasing over 300 mg/g-Creatinine ...

BACKGROUND: The association between waist circumference and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains poorly explored.. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal population-based cohort.. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study (n=30,239) with information for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, spot urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; n=26,960).. PREDICTOR: Elevated waist circumference or BMI.. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Incident cases of ESRD were identified through linkage of REGARDS participants with the US Renal Data System.. RESULTS: Mean baseline age was 64.8 years, 45.8% were men, and 40.3% were black. Overall, 297 (1.1%) individuals developed ESRD during a median of 6.3 years. After adjustment for all covariates including waist circumference, no significant association was noted between BMI categories and ESRD incidence compared to BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 (referent). Higher ...

. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uacr) urine creatinine (g/dl) uacr is a ratio between two measured substances. unlike a dipstick test for albumin,. Mg/dl

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare autosomal dominant kidney disease that is most commonly caused by mutations in ApoE Kyoto (p.R43C) and ApoE Sendai (p.R163P). Differences in phenotype among the various ApoE mutations have been suggested, but the pathogenic role of ApoE Kyoto has not been validated in an animal model. This study intended to establish an ApoE Kyoto murine model and to further compare the pathologic differences between ApoE Kyoto and ApoE Sendai. Male ApoE-deficient mice, 3 months of age, were divided into five groups, including the AD-ApoE Sendai, AD-ApoE Kyoto, AD-ApoE3, AD-eGFP, and ApoE (−/−) groups. The first four groups received recombinant adenovirus that contained the entire coding regions of the human ApoE Sendai and ApoE Kyoto, apoE3, and eGFP genes, respectively. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at multiple time points. Lipid profiles and urine albumin-creatinine ratio were measured. Renal and aortic histopathologic alterations were analyzed. After

The primary objective is to determine whether candesartan, compared to placebo reduces the progression of diabetic retinopathy in normotensive, normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients with retinopathy.. The secondary objective is to determine whether candesartan, compared to placebo, reduces the incidence of clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) and/or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and beneficially influences the rate of change in urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).. This study is part of the DIRECT Programme also including a primary prevention study of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes and a secondary prevention study in type 2 diabetes. The primary objective for all three pooled studies is to determine whether candesartan, compared to placebo, reduces the incidence of microalbuminuria in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Kidney Function and Arterial Calcification in Major Vascular Beds. AU - Sedaghat, Sanaz. AU - Hoorn, Ewout J.. AU - Ikram, M. Arfan. AU - Koop-Nieuwelink, Carolien. AU - Kavousi, Maryam. AU - Franco, Oscar H.. AU - van der Lugt, Aad. AU - Vernooij, Meike W.. AU - Bos, Daniel. PY - 2019/5/7. Y1 - 2019/5/7. N2 - Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between kidney function and arterial calcification in major vascular beds and to establish whether arterial calcification mediates the relation between kidney function measures and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Methods and Results: In 2241 participants from the Rotterdam Study (mean age 69 years, 52% female), kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. All participants underwent noncontrast computed tomography to quantify the amount of arterial calcification in the coronary arteries, aortic arch, extracranial, and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sex hormones and measures of kidney function in the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. AU - Kim, Catherine. AU - Ricardo, Ana C.. AU - Boyko, Edward J.. AU - Christophi, Costas A.. AU - Temprosa, Marinella. AU - Watson, Karol E.. AU - Pi-Sunyer, Xavier. AU - Kalyani, Rita R.. PY - 2019/4/1. Y1 - 2019/4/1. N2 - Context: Despite sex differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD) onset and progression, it is unclear whether endogenous sex hormones are associated with kidney function in persons without CKD. Design and Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its follow-up observational study, the DPP Outcomes Study, over 11 years. Participants included overweight and glucose-intolerant men (n = 889) and pre- A nd postmenopausal women (n = 1281) not using exogenous sex hormones andwhose urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was, ,30 mg/g and normal estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) was ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at ...

Objective. To explore the relationship between adiponectin and albuminuria in a large group of overweight and obese nondiabetic individuals after controlling for potential confounders. Material and Methods. Detailed anthropometiy, computed tomography-measured visceral abdominal adipose tissue, 24-h albuminuria, adiponectin and a series of biochemical parameters were assessed. Four hundred forty patients, predominantly of Caucasian origin, were included (80.2% female). A multiple linear regression model was developed, with albuminuria as the dependent variable and potential predictors as independent variables. Results. The mean age was 40 +/- 13 years, the mean body mass index was 35.7 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2), and the median visceral abdominal adipose tissue was 142.4 (92.3-194.0) cm(2). 10.9% of subjects exhibited microalbuminuria. The median adiponectin level was 9.08 (6.23-12.94) mu g/ml, and the median fasting serum glucose level was 83 (77-89) mg/dl. The strongest significant univariate correlations ...

We have demonstrated for the first time that not only the brachial artery but also retinal and intrarenal hemodynamic responses to an intravenous infusion of l-arginine are impaired in type 2 diabetic patients. Despite no significant difference in the vascular responses of the retinal and brachial arteries after the nitroglycerin administration between the patient and control groups, there were significant differences in the vascular responses of these arteries in both the normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients compared with the control subjects after the l-arginine infusion, suggesting that the endothelium-dependent vascular responses in the retinal and brachial arteries are impaired but that the responsiveness of the smooth muscle to exogenous NO is not impaired in diabetic patients. On the other hand, the reduction in vascular resistance of the interlobar artery after the nitroglycerin administration was significantly lower in the microalbuminuric patients than in the control ...

Újabb klinikai vizsgálatok szerint az albuminuria a cardiovascularis betegségek korai markere. Míg a proteinuria elsősorban a vesefunkció-romlás, az albuminuria a cardiovascularis rizikó paramétere. A régebbi laboratóriumi tesztek érzékenysége nem megfelelő, és a 24 órás vizeletgyűjtés pontatlansága is sok bizonytalanságot okoz. Ezért a mai nemzetközi irányelvek 24 órás gyűjtés helyett a reggeli első vizeletből az albumin/kreatinin (ACR) és protein/kreatinin (PCR) meghatározását javasolják. Klinikai laboratóriumok számára javasolhatók az újabb, nagy érzékenységű immunkémiai vizeletalbumin-reagensek. Az albuminspecifikus tesztcsíkok az albuminuria fokának meghatározására nem elég érzékenyek. A vizeletfehérje-meghatározáshoz szintén léteznek nagy érzékenységű, széles mérési tartományú reagensek, így erre nem alkalmazhatók a szérumfehérje-reagensek (például Biuret). A módszerválasztás sarkalatos pontja, hogy a kalibrátor ...

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RESULTS The mean patient age, BMI, and HbA1c level were 66.1 years, 24.6 kg⁄m2, and 7.5% (57.6 mmol/mol), respectively. Baseline serum hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio at baseline (P , 0.001). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for the development from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria was 1.31 (95% CI 0.80-2.17; P = 0.286), 1.55 (1.16-2.08; P = 0.003), and 1.57 (1.22-2.03; P = 0.001), respectively, for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum hs-CRP levels, showing a statistically significant linear trend across categories (P , 0.001). We did not observe a significant association between hs-CRP levels and the subsequent risk of diabetic nephropathy progression (P for trend = 0.575). ...

How is urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio abbreviated? UA/UC stands for urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio. UA/UC is defined as urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio very rarely.

Thorough history taking and physical examination with calculation of body mass index (BMI), investigations were done including serum creatinine, lipid profile, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAIc), C-reactive protein (CRP), urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and serum omentin-1. Fundus examination was carried out by an expert ophthalmologist.. Results: Serum omentin-1 level was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared with the control, and in DR compared with diabetics without DR and in PDR compared with NPDR.. There was a negative significant correlation between serum omentin-1 level and BMI, HbA1c, CRP, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Serum triglycerides (TG) and positive significant correlation with high density lipoprotein (HDL).. Conclusions: From this study we can conclude that serum omentin-1 is significantly lower in patients with DR compared with diabetics without retinopathy and in PDR patients compared with NPDR patients.. Also, there is a negative ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents. AU - Afkarian, Maryam. PY - 2015/1/1. Y1 - 2015/1/1. N2 - Diabetes, more frequently type 1, but increasingly also type 2, commonly occurs in childhood. While more advanced diabetic kidney disease (DKD), e.g., loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), does not occur until adulthood, kidney biopsies show DKD structural changes as early as 1.5-5 years after the onset of type 1 diabetes. Earliest clinical sign of DKD, increased urine albumin excretion, commonly appears during childhood and adolescence and presents an important opportunity to detect and intervene in early DKD, perhaps more successfully than later in the disease course. Longitudinal studies of type 1 diabetes have enriched our understanding of the DKD natural history and modifiable risk factors for DKD progression. These studies have also shown that the presence of DKD marks a subset of people with diabetes who are at the highest risk of early mortality, supporting ...

RESULTS: CTRP9 was detected in plasma from 14 out of a total of 28 patients. The values were not normally distributed. In comparing between groups in which CTRP9 was or was not detected, there were statistically significant differences in the high molecular weight adiponectin (HAN) and the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). This indicates that both CTRP9 and HAN reflect the pathophysiology of renal involvement in T2DM. HAN correlated with Body Mass Index, ACR, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. However, CTRP9 did not correlate with HAN or any other parameters ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cost-effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Patients With CKD in the United States. AU - Ishigami, Junichi. AU - Padula, William. AU - Grams, Morgan. AU - Chang, Alexander R.. AU - Jaar, Bernard. AU - Gansevoort, Ron T.. AU - Bridges, John F.P.. AU - Kovesdy, Csaba P.. AU - Uchida, Shinichi. AU - Coresh, Josef. AU - Matsushita, Kunihiro. PY - 2019/1/1. Y1 - 2019/1/1. N2 - Rationale & Objective: Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for adults 65 years and older and those younger than 65 years with clinical indications (eg, diabetes, lung/heart disease, kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome). Its cost-effectiveness in less severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncharacterized. Study Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Setting & Population: US adults aged 50 to 64 and 65 to 79 years stratified by CKD risk status: no CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio , 30 mg/g), CKD with moderate risk, CKD with high risk, ...

To investigate gene expression of podocyte-specific proteins in urine of diabetes and prediabetes subjects and the association of these proteins with albuminuria. Fifteen controls, 19 prediabetes, and 67 diabetes subjects were included. Messenger RNA of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, synaptopodin, TRPC6, alpha-actinin-4, and TGF-β1 were measured using RT-PCR. Podocyte marker expression was correlated with albuminuria, glycemic control, and renal function. The diagnostic performance of the genes used to detect increased albuminuria was assessed using ROC curves and Poisson regressions. Podocyte marker expression was significantly higher in diabetic subjects. Urinary nephrin was correlated with increasing levels of albuminuria; risk of albuminuria increased by 20% for every one-unit increase in the log10 of nephrin mRNA. Nephrinuria was found in 53%, 71%, and 90% of normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuric diabetes subjects, respectively (p = 0.023). Urinary nephrin, podocalyxin, TRPC6, podocin, and alpha

The onset of diabetic nephropathy is characterized by subclinical elevation of urinary albumin excretion, so-called microalbuminuria (M). Dietary assessments were carried out in 15 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent M and an equal number with persistently normal albumin excretion. …

Diabetes has become the main public health challenge for the 21st century. Pronounced changes in the human environment and in human behavior and lifestyle, have accompanied globalization, and these have resulted in escalating rates of diabetes. Microalbuminuria is considered as a clinically important indicator of deteriorating renal function in diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria is the strong predictor of diabetic nephropathy, which is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is also characterized by increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, proliferative retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. Detection of microalbuminuria is an indication for initiation of appropriate therapy for the purpose of preventing the advance of progressive diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic kidney disease or nephropathy is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) or kidney failure. One of the early markers of not only diabetic nephropathy, but also vascular disease

Dr Lal PathLabs MICROALBUMIN CREATININE RATIO, URINE in Mumbai is health checkup package includes 4 Tests. Home sample collection and Online reports available. MICROALBUMIN CREATININE RATIO, URINE in Mumbai covers 4 parameters- MAU, MICROALBUMIN:CREAT. RATIO, URINE CREATININE, ACR Category

TY - JOUR. T1 - Etiology and pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.. AU - Skyler, J. S.. AU - Rabinovitch, A.. PY - 1987/9. Y1 - 1987/9. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0023409033&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0023409033&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.3928/0090-4481-19870901-06. DO - 10.3928/0090-4481-19870901-06. M3 - Review article. C2 - 3309846. AN - SCOPUS:0023409033. VL - 16. SP - 682-683, 686-692. JO - Pediatric Annals. JF - Pediatric Annals. SN - 0090-4481. IS - 9. ER - ...

9 Unfortunately, the measurement of UPC cannot be standardized because urine protein is composed of variable proportions of albumin and other proteins.18 Dip-stick proteinuria correlates poorly with ACR,22,23 while PCR correlates reasonably well with ACR.24 Proteinuria of 0.5 g/day or more usually signifies macroalbuminuria.1,4 However, there have been no studies on the direct comparison between proteinuria and albuminuria in CKD in terms of utilities (biomarker, surrogate end-point and cost-effectiveness). Thus, any comparison between proteinuria and albuminuria in CKD is subject to problems inherent in indirect comparisons.25 Proteinuria and. albuminuria are good biomarkers (Table 1) because they predict clinical end-points (CV events, renal events or mortality) Hydroxychloroquine in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.2,3 However, there must be three general lines of evidence to support the acceptance of a biomarker to be a surrogate end-point: biological plausibility, epidemiological ...

BACKGROUND: Urine albumin excretion in the high normal range [urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) 10-29 mg/g)] predicts hypertension in European-origin populations. However, the prognostic significance of UACR in the high normal range for incident hypertension is unclear in Indo-Asians. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of normal to high normal levels of UACR and incident hypertension. METHODS: We conducted a nested cohort study within a cluster randomized controlled trial in Pakistan on 1272 normotensive non-diabetic adults aged ≥ 40 years with UACR/g. Incident hypertension was defined as new onset of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg or initiation of antihypertensive therapy. RESULTS: A total of 920 (72.3%) participants completed the 2-year final follow-up. During this time, 105 (11.4%) developed incident hypertension. In the multivariable model, the odds [95% confidence interval (CI)] for incident hypertension were 2.45(1.21-4.98)

Is it reversible for patients with Early Diabetic Nephropathy? Diabetic Nephropathy is the most serious disease in kidney problems. It has so many common complications, so people need to pay attention to it in daily life.

The prevalence of CKD in men and women was 6.9% and 9.1%, respectively (p , 0.001). Besides gender itself, age distribution, frequency of obesity (BMI ≥ 25), and concurrent chronic diseases, including DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, were different according to gender. Thus, the risk of CKD is higher in women than men (OR, 1.354; p , 0.001), and the difference seems to be caused by the susceptibility to albuminuria (OR, 1.416; p , 0.001) rather than decreased GFR (OR, 1.057; p = 0.683). When GFR was estimated using the MDRD Study equation, the increased risks of GFR , 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in women were observed in previous studies: OR, 3.16 (p , 0.001) using KNHANES III and IV-1 [12]; frequencies of 3.4%, 9.7%, 10.2%, and 4.6% in women, and 1.0%, 5.4%, 3.1%, and 2.6% were seen in men through KNHANES I-IV [13]. There seemed to be no difference in ACR according to gender in the previous study (10.1% and 10.3% in women and men, respectively) [11]. A similar observation was reported for ...

After rather completely reviewing the extensive literature of the last twenty years on orthostatic albuminuria, it is apparent that many clinical impressions have been accepted as fact without proper critical study. Few authors have presented sufficient data on carefully studied series of cases to lend weight to their conclusions.. In an effort to obtain some accurate information about orthostatic albuminuria, its effect on the patients health, the relation it bears to glomerulonephritis, the type of patient affected, and if possible its etiology, the records of 185 patients seen at The Mayo Clinic over a period of approximately ten years were ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Anti-glycation and anti-albuminuric effects of GLY-230 in human diabetes. AU - Kennedy, Laurence. AU - Pilar Solano, Maria. AU - Meneghini, Luigi. AU - Lo, Margaret. AU - Cohen, Margo P.. PY - 2010/2. Y1 - 2010/2. N2 - Background/Aims: Inhibiting nonenzymatic glycation with GLY-230 lowers glycated albumin without affecting hyperglycemia and ameliorates renal dysfunction in the db/db mouse, but the effects of this compound in man have not been assessed. We report results from the first clinical trial in patients with diabetes of this new glycation inhibitor. Methods: 21 diabetic men were randomly assigned to receive a total dose of 250, 500 or 750 mg of GLY-230 or placebo (1:1:1:1.2 ratio) daily for 14 days to evaluate safety and the effect of drug on plasma concentrations of glycated albumin and on urinary albumin. Results: GLY-230 dose-responsively decreased glycated albumin in all participants, in whom HbA1c did not change. Among participants exhibiting microalbuminuria at ...

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Thus, although in overt diabetic renal disease, the experimental evidence for albuminuria as a potential surrogate for ESRD is reasonably robust, results of recent trials in which greater reductions in albuminuria were sought have raised some concern. In diabetes, short-term combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and ARB, ACE inhibitor and diuretic, or ARB and direct renin inhibitor lowers albuminuria by a greater degree than respective monotherapies.35-37 However, secondary analyses of CVD outcome studies in mixed populations, such as the Outcomes With Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both, in People at High Vascular Risk and also the Avoiding Cardiovascular Events through Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension, showed that combination therapies that lower albuminuria to a greater degree result in worse renal disease outcomes (doubling of serum creatinine or ESRD or need for dialysis) in the overall population and afford no unique benefit in the smaller subset of subjects ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Relation of low glomerular filtration rate to metabolic disorders in individuals without diabetes and with normoalbuminuria. AU - Lorenzo, Carlos. AU - Nath, Subrata D.. AU - Hanley, Anthony J.G.. AU - Abboud, Hanna E.. AU - Haffner, Steven M.. PY - 2008/5/1. Y1 - 2008/5/1. N2 - Background and objectives: Microalbuminuria increases cardiovascular risk and is considered a metabolic disorder. Low glomerular filtration rate is also associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the relation of low glomerular filtration rate to metabolic disorders is not well understood. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Designed as a cross-sectional, epidemiologic study, the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study was conducted in four centers: San Antonio (Texas), San Luis Valley (Colorado), and Oakland and Los Angeles (California). The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to classify individuals without diabetes and with normoalbuminuria (n = 856; age 40 to 69 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on albuminuria in HIV-infected persons. T2 - Results from a randomized trial. AU - Gupta, Samir K.. AU - Parker, Robert A.. AU - Robbins, Gregory K.. AU - Dubé, Michael P.. PY - 2005/10/1. Y1 - 2005/10/1. N2 - Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens, especially those containing protease inhibitors (PIs), are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. Albuminuria is a known independent predictor for the development of cardiovascular disease and may potentially increase in patients receiving PIs. Alternatively, albuminuria may improve with HAART as a result of treating renal parenchymal HIV infection. Longitudinal studies have not been performed previously addressing the effects of HAART on albuminuria. Methods. We evaluated the effects of HAART on albumin to creatinine ratios (ACRs) during the initial 64 weeks of therapy in 68 previously ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The relationship between BP and microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetes is not completely clear. As microalbuminuria is preceded by a gradual rise in albumin excretion within the normal range, we hypothesised that ambulatory BP (ABP) may be closely related to albumin excretion and progression to microalbuminuria. METHODS: ABP monitoring (ABPM) was performed in 509 young people with type 1 diabetes (age median [range]: 15.7 [10.7-22.6] years) followed with annual assessments of three early morning urinary albumin:creatinine ratios (ACRs) and HbA(1c). Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and the nocturnal fall in BP were analysed in relation to ACR. RESULTS: All ABPM variables were significantly related to baseline log(10) ACR (p | 0.001). After the ABPM evaluation, 287 patients were followed for a median of 2.2 (1.0-5.5) years. ABP at baseline was independently related to mean ACR during follow-up. Nineteen initially normoalbuminuric patients developed microalbuminuria

TY - JOUR. T1 - Association of serum carotenoid levels with urinary albumin excretion in a general Japanese population. T2 - The Yakumo study. AU - Suzuki, Koji. AU - Honjo, Hisashi. AU - Ichino, Naohiro. AU - Osakabe, Keisuke. AU - Sugimoto, Keiko. AU - Yamada, Hiroya. AU - Kusuhara, Yasuhiro. AU - Watarai, Rika. AU - Hamajima, Takeshi. AU - Hamajima, Nobuyuki. AU - Inoue, Takashi. PY - 2013/8/31. Y1 - 2013/8/31. N2 - Background: Albuminuria is a risk factor for not only nephropathy progression but also cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress may have a role in the positive association between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the associations of serum levels of carotenoids, which are dietary antioxidants, with albuminuria among 501 Japanese adults (198 men, mean age ± SD: 66.4 ± 10.0 years; 303 women, mean age ± SD: 65.4 ± 9.8 years) who attended a health examination. Serum levels of carotenoids were determined by high-performance ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Microvascular complications in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. AU - Schwarzenberg, Sarah Jane. AU - Thomas, William. AU - Olsen, Timothy W.. AU - Grover, Trish. AU - Walk, David. AU - Milla, Carlos. AU - Moran, Antoinette. PY - 2007/5. Y1 - 2007/5. N2 - OBJECTIVE - The incidence of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) and the prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications were determined at the University of Minnesota. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Cystic fibrosis patients have undergone annual oral glucose tolerance testing since 1990. Database review was performed to determine diabetes duration and the results of annual urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (Ualb:Cr) screening and dilated retinal exams. In addition, 59 individuals underwent detailed retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and gastroenterpathy screening. RESULTS - During 1990-2005, 775 patients aged ≥6 years were followed. CFRD was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test or fasting hyperglycemia in 285 ...

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in Japan. Microalbuminuria has been considered as the first clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy. However, recent studies demonstrated that normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency is not uncommon for diabetic patients, especially in type 2 diabetes. Although the pathogenesis of normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency in diabetic nephropathy remains to be fully elucidated, distinct clinical and pathological features of diabetic patients with this finding have been reported as compared to those in diabetic patients with a typical clinical course. In type 1 diabetes, more advanced glomerular lesions were found in patients with normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency than in patients with normoalbuminuric preserved renal function. In contrast, disproportionately advanced tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions, despite minor diabetic glomerular lesions, which denote the presence of diabetic kidney lesions as well as nephrosclerosis, were ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sarcopenia is associated with albuminuria independently of hypertension and diabetes. T2 - (KNHANES 2008-2011). AU - Han, Eugene. AU - Lee, Yong ho. AU - Kim, Gyuri. AU - Kim, So Ra. AU - Lee, Byung Wan. AU - Kang, Eun Seok. AU - Ahn, Chul Woo. AU - Cha, Bong Soo. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Inc.. PY - 2016/10/1. Y1 - 2016/10/1. N2 - Introduction Although sarcopenia is associated with metabolic disorders, its influence on albuminuria has not been determined. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between sarcopenia and albuminuria in the general population. Methods This was a population-based, cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of 2326 subjects aged ≥ 20 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2008-2011. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess sarcopenia, which was defined as ASM divided by body mass index, as recommended by the ...

Clinical Use Can be used as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in patients with a decreased GFR as estimated from creatinine. Data suggests that 3. A strategy of measuring cystatin C when the creatinine-based estimate is in this range and then reestimating GFR with the use of both these markers could correctly reclassify a substantial proportion of such patients as not having chronic kidney disease and not being at high risk.. Can also be used to screen for CKD among persons who have a creatinine-based GFR estimate of 60 to 74 ml per minute per 1. Clin Chem Lab Med. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N Engl J Med. Detection of chronic kidney disease with creatinine, cystatin C, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and association with progression to end-stage renal disease and mortality.. JAMA ; Cystatin C identifies chronic kidney disease patients at higher risk for complications. J Am Soc Nephrol. Advances in glomerular ...

To examine the association between soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) levels and kidney disease progression in Indigenous Australians at high risk of kidney disease. This longitudinal observational study examined participants aged ≥18 years recruited from ,20 sites across diabetes and/or kidney function strata. Baseline measures included sTNFR1, serum creatinine, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and medical history. Linear regression was used to estimate annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for increasing sTNFR1, and Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for developing a combined renal outcome (first of a ≥30% decline in eGFR with a follow-up eGFR ,60 mL/min/1.73 m2, progression to renal replacement therapy, or renal death) for increasing sTNFR1. Over a median of 3 years, participants with diabetes (n= 194) in the highest ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Molecular data suggests that adiponectin may directly regulate urinary albumin excretion. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) we measured adiponectin and albuminuria before and after intervention, and we previously reported increases in adiponectin with interventions. Here we have used the DPP dataset to test the hypothesis that treatment-related increases in adiponectin may reduce albuminuria in obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We evaluated cross-sectional correlations between plasma adiponectin and urinary albumin excretion at baseline, and the relationship of treatment-related changes in adiponectin and albuminuria. Baseline and follow-up urine albumin to creatinine ratios (ACR (albumin to creatinine ratio)) and plasma adiponectin concentration were available in 2553 subjects. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity, we observed a statistically significant but weak inverse relationship between adiponectin and ACR at baseline (conditional

Introduction: Kidney function is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events [1]. In a high risk CVD population it had been suggested that cystatin C based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) show better prognostic value than creatinine (Cr) based ones [2]. However, in population-based settings the situation is less clear. In addition it is controversial whether albuminuria carries additional information. The aim of this study was to estimate the association of Cr- and cystatin C-based eGFR and albuminuria with CVD in a population of older adults.. Material & methods: The study included participants, aged 50-75 years, of a statewide cohort study (ESTHER) conducted in the state of Saarland. Stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were defined by the Cr based simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), and by the cystatin C based Arnal-Dade estimating equations. Active follow-up was conducted ...

This study demonstrated that paraquat toxicity was associated with development of albuminuria in clinical and experimental nephrotoxicity. In turn, albuminuria was associated with increased excretion of renal biomarkers and modified biomarker sensitivity in outcome prediction. The data confirm that concentrations of the low molecular weight protein biomarkers, CysC, OstP, β2M, KIM-1 and NGAL increased in the presence of albuminuria. Albuminuria was also associated with mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the influence of albuminuria on excretion of all Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC) qualified urinary biomarkers.. The influence of proteinuria and albuminuria on uNGAL, uCysC and uIL-18 concentration was previously evaluated in a heterogeneous intensive care unit patient population [26] where many fold increases in uNGAL and uCysC were seen in the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria. That study and others have highlighted that proteinuria and ...

Results: Serum albumin trend, admission serum albumin level, and lowest serum albumin level were significant unique predictors of mortality. Similarly, a study of 25,661 hemodialysis patients by Reddan et al (Nephrol Dial … ... from 14 studies to examine the association between urinary albumin/creatinine ratios (ACRs) and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes. In a study of over 11k people, low fructosamine increased the risk of heart disease over the next two decades . Lastly, sometimes the body is fighting a chronic disease and producing extra globulin, so less albumin is needed. Within the current literature, hypoalbuminaemia ...

Carotid baroreflex activation has been demonstrated to provide enduring reductions in arterial blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term therapy on renal function. A total of 322 patients were enrolled in the Rheos Pivotal Trial. Group 1 consisted of 236 patients who started baroreflex activation therapy 1 month after device implantation, whereas in the 86 patients from group 2 the device was activated 6 months later. Serum creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio were collected at screening (before device activation), and at months 6 and 12. Multilevel statistical analyses were adjusted for various covariables. Serum creatinine increased from 78 to 84 μmol/L, and glomerular filtration rate decreased from 92 to 87 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in group 1 at month 6 (P,0.05). These values did not change any further after 12 months of therapy. Patients with highest glomerular filtration rate showed the greatest decrease in glomerular filtration. Group 2 showed the ...

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in developed and developing countries. Microalbuminuria is the gold standard for detection and prediction of diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk disease in clinical practice. However, microalbuminuria has several limitations, such as lower sensitive, larger variability. It is urgent to explore higher sensitivity and specificity for earlier detection of diabetic kidney disease and more accurate prediction of the progression to end stage renal disease. We reviewed some new and important urinary biomarkers, such as: transferrin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, Cystanic C, podocytes, type IV collagen, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine, ceruloplasmin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and so on. We need good quality, long-term, large longitudinal trials to validate published biomarkers and find new biomarkers, considering biomarkers reviewed here are from small cross-sectional studies.

Methods This was a randomised controlled trial, double blind study. Forty SLE patients with hypovitamin D were studied, that randomised into two groups: 20 patients (supplementation group) received vitamin D (cholecalciferol 1200 IU daily) with curcumin 20 mg (three times daily); and 20 patients (placebo group) was given vitamin D (cholecalciferol 1200 IU daily) and placebo (3 times daily), for 3 months. Anti-ds DNA serum levels were measured by ELISA and urine protein were measured by urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Glomerular extracellular matrices in rat diabetic glomerulopathy by scanning electron microscopy. AU - Makino, H.. AU - Yamasaki, Y.. AU - Hironaka, K.. AU - Ota, Z.. PY - 1992/12/1. Y1 - 1992/12/1. N2 - Characteristic pathological changes in the glomeruli in diabetic nephropathy include expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Using an acellular digestion technique combined with scanning electron microscopy, the three-dimensional ultrastructural changes in glomerular extracellular matrices were studied in rats with diabetic glomerulopathy. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous injection of streptozotocin and morphological analyses were performed 3, 6 and 11 months after the injection. Expansion of mesangial area and GBM thickening became evident with time. After treatment with the series of detergents, all cellular components were completely removed leaving the extracellular matrices intact. In normal controls, the mesangial ...

We offer to book Microalbumin 1st Morning Random Urine Test online. View Microalbumin 1st Morning Random Urine Test cost, pre test information and report availability on trutestlab.com. Home collection of blood sample is also available at our centers.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Enhancing the predictive value of urinary albumin for diabetic nephropathy. AU - Caramori, M. Luiza. AU - Fioretto, Paola. AU - Mauer, Michael. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006/2. Y1 - 2006/2. N2 - Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a growing cause of ESRD despite widely known recommendations for improved glycemic and BP control. Perhaps earlier identification of patients who have diabetes and are at high risk for DN could reverse these epidemiologic trends. Albumin excretion rate (AER), the mainstay of early detection of DN, is not a sufficiently precise predictor of DN risk. Careful family history, smoking history, consideration of absolute versus categorical AER values, more frequent AER measures, ambulatory BP monitoring, precise GFR measurements, diabetic retinopathy assessments, and plasma lipid levels all can add to predictive accuracy for DN. Thus, although further research in DN biomarkers and predictors is greatly needed, a careful ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Profiling proteinuria in pediatric patients. AU - Abitbol, Carolyn L.. AU - Chandar, Jayanthi. AU - Onder, Ali Mirza. AU - Nwobi, Obioma. AU - Montané, Brenda. AU - Zilleruelo, Gastón. PY - 2006/7/1. Y1 - 2006/7/1. N2 - This study was designed to characterize proteinuria in children with kidney disease. Random urine samples from 250 pediatric patients were examined by quantitative measures of total protein (pr), albumin (Alb), and creatinine (cr). Patient diagnoses were subjectively categorized as Glomerular (GD) or Tubulo-interstitial disease (TD) in origin. Proteinuria was quantitated by the random urine protein-to-creatinine (Upr/cr) ratio, and glomerular proteinuria was assessed as the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (Ualb/cr) and percentage albuminuria (%Alb=Alb/pr* 100). The non-albumin fraction (1-Alb/ pr) includes low-molecular-weight proteins and micro- and macroglobulins. Of the 250 patients, 112 (45%) had GD and 138 (55%) had TD. Both proteinuria and albuminuria ...

Urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin beta-core (hCG-betaC) was detected in 55-77% of gynecologic malignancies. The use of spot and early morning urine hCG-betaC as a tumor marker was explored with regard to the stability of the hCG-betaC level in serial spot urine samples collected within 24 hours and in early morning urine collected over 3 days. Thirteen patients with gynecologic malignancies were asked, before treatment, to collect serial urine samples voided within 24 hours. Nine of these 13 patients were also asked to save early morning urine for 2-3 consecutive days. Their urine was assayed for creatinine and hCG-betaC using an immunoradiometric assay. Variation of urine concentration was corrected by using the hCG-betaC/creatinine (betaC/Cr) ratio expressed in pmolg-1. Wide fluctuations of betaC/Cr ratios were found both in the serial spot urine within 24 hours and in early morning urine within 3 days. Eight per cent of the patients had one or more spot hCG-betaC level double or half the median

Book Microalbumin / creatinine Ratio (Urine) Lab Test appointment online at Home. View details of Microalbumin / creatinine Ratio (Urine): procedure, normal range and Get the reports Online

Book Microalbumin / creatinine Ratio (Urine) Lab Test appointment online at Home. View details of Microalbumin / creatinine Ratio (Urine): procedure, normal range and Get the reports Online

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [1]. However, in type 1 diabetics, DKD typically does not present until the second decade after diagnosis of diabetes, whereas in some type 2 diabetics, DKD is already evident at the time of diagnosis of diabetes because of other chronic instigators of kidney injury such as aging, hypertension, and abnormal lipid levels [2, 3]. In China, DKD is the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after glomerulonephropathy [4] and is a leading cause of dialysis in developed countries such as Japan and the USA [5, 6]. The economic burden of DKD is substantial [7, 8]. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been the agents of choice in slowing the progression of DKD. However, as seemingly effective as they are, these drugs have side effects such as rhinitis, persistent cough, and angioedema, which cause patients to ...

C peptide is an active peptide hormone with potentially important physiological effects. C peptide has the capacity to diminishglomerular hyperfiltration and reduce urinary albumin excretion in both experimental and human type 1 diabetes. The presentstudy is aimed at correlating the serum C peptide level with that of renal clearance, urinary albumin excretion and duration ofdiabetes. This is a prospective cross sectional study. Patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated fortheir baseline clinical and laboratory profile. Both males and females above the age of 18 years were included in the study.The laboratory investigations include fasting serum C peptide, HbA1C, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine albumin and creatinine. Creatinine clearance was calculated using modification of diet in renal disease formula from serum creatinine value.A total of 168 patients were included in the study, among them 90 were females (53.57%) and 78 males (46.43%). Mean ageof the ...

Although substantial literature has accumulated on susceptibility to nephropathy in type 2 diabetes (4-9), the genetic architecture underlying this susceptibility has not been resolved. To investigate this issue, we used a genome-wide scan of the Joslin collection of extended families ascertained for multiple members with type 2 diabetes. Previously, we reported that genes located on chromosomes 5q (LOD = 3.4), 7q (LOD = 3.1), and 22q (LOD = 3.7) account for the majority of the genetic variance of urinary albumin excretion in both diabetic and nondiabetic relatives (10). We now report that variation in estimated GFR also has significant heritability, but the responsible genes localize to chromosomal regions (2q, 7p, and possibly 10q and 18p) that are different from those responsible for the heritability of urinary albumin excretion. Furthermore, the contribution of the chromosomal regions controlling variation in GFR is somehow different in diabetic and nondiabetic relatives.. Certain novel ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Immunoglobulin isotypes in the circulating immune complexes of diabetic rats with and without proteinuria. T2 - A chronological study. AU - Thiele, Geoffrey Milton. AU - McDonald, Thomas L. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been postulated to contribute to the development of the secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. Therefore studies were performed to determine whether CIC are the cause of the consequence of the development of diabetic nephropathy. This was done by comparing the occurrence and concentration of CIC containing the different isotypes of immunoglobulins in control rats to those detected in streptozotocin-induced (Sz) diabetic rats that developed albuminuria (Group I) and that did not develop albuminuria (Group II). Only CIC containing IgM, IgG2b and IgG2c were detected in diabetic rats. By staging Group I albuminuric diabetic rats to a clinical reference point of albuminuria, there was no correlation between the ...

Vitamin d and drug interactions natural substitute for order lisinopril online without prescription generic lisinopril cost. is lisinopril hctz a water pill.You may experience a persistent cough or wheezing (a whistling sound in the lungs or laboured breathing) due to your heart failure. Find out more here.Drug Uses Lisinopril is useful for the treatment of high blood pressure and also of heart failure. Usage Following the dosage instructions of your doctor is the best.Early ACE-i intervention in microalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes: Effects on albumin excretion, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, and renal function.. ...

ARF imposes a significant effect on the morbidity and mortality of patients with multiple myeloma (4). Fortunately, recovery of renal function reverses the negative effects on survival (4,19). Because of the variety of kidney injury that exists in multiple myeloma, it is difficult to distinguish one from another without a kidney biopsy. It is important to recognize that the pattern of recovery varies depending on the type of kidney disease (12,13,22). A mixture of renal pathologies may explain why different rates of renal recovery have been reported from different trials (16-18,21-23).. Unfortunately, a renal biopsy is not always easy to obtain in these patients. Patients treated with immunomodulatory derivatives such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, or pomalidomide require antithrombotic prophylaxis and are often on full-dose aspirin (24). Due to the age of these patients, many may be receiving aspirin for protection or prevention of coronary artery disease. In addition, thrombocytopenia is a ...

Diabetic nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes, is characterized by progressive renal injury and increased cardiovascular mortality. An increased urinary albumin excretion due dysfunction of the glomerular barrier is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. An increased urinary excretion of higher molecular weight proteins such as IgM appears with progression of glomerular injury. We aim here to study the prognostic significance of urine IgM excretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetic nephropathy). This is an observational study of 139 patients with type1 diabetes mellitus (79 males and 60 females) under routine care at the diabetic outpatient clinic at the Lund University Hospital. The median follow-up time was 18 years (1 to 22) years. Urine albumin and urine IgM concentration were measured at time of recruitment. Overall 32 (14 male and 18 female) patients died in a cardiovascular event and 20 (11 male and 9 female) patients reached end-stage renal disease. Univariate

Aim: To examine the effect of NADPH oxidase Nox4 deletion in diabetic nephropathy (DN) using a global Nox4 deficient mice as well as podocyte specific Nox4 deficient mice. Background: Chronic kidney failure is a major complication of diabetes. However, the underlying causes remain unclear. NADPH oxidase, particularly Nox4 derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney play a crucial role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Albuminuria is a key feature of diabetic nephropathy and podocyte injury leads to the development of albuminuria in diabetes. Methods: Nox4-/-ApoE-/- and Nox4+/+ApoE-/- mice as well as podNox4KO and floxedNox4 mice were rendered diabetic via streptozotocin injection. At week 20 urine samples were collected for the measurement of albuminuria. Animals were culled after 20 weeks and kidneys were removed for assessment of structural damage, oxidative stress markers, as well as measurement of the protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Mild decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. AU - Oh, Se Won. AU - Baek, Seon Ha. AU - Kim, Yong Chul. AU - Goo, Ho Suk. AU - Heo, Nam Ju. AU - Na, Ki Young. AU - Chae, Dong Wan. AU - Kim, Suhnggwon. AU - Chin, Ho Jun. PY - 2012/6/1. Y1 - 2012/6/1. N2 - Background. A recent collaborative meta-analysis by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes reported that an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ,60 mL/min/1.73m 2 and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≥10 mg/g were independent predictors for mortality in the general population. However, selection bias, heterogeneity of the cohorts and measurement issues could be limitations.Methods.We analyzed the relationship of eGFR and proteinuria with mortality in the Korean general population, represented by 112115 participants, aged ≥20 years, who had a voluntary health check-up with homogenous calibration of ...

The potential early predictive value of microalbuminuria (MA) in the estimation of atherosclerosis and the relation between the degree of urinary albumin excretion and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) were investigated. Patients (n = 159) with stable angina pectoris and angiographically significant stenosis in at least 1 of the major coronary arteries were included. Microalbuminuria was measured by immunoturbidimetry. The extent of coronary artery stenosis was graded using the Gensini score. The Gensini score was significantly greater in patients who had MA. Also, the Gensini increased by 0.15 units with 1 unit increase in MA. In the groups who had diabetes mellitus and hypertension, there was no correlation between MA and Gensini score. The results of the present study suggest that MA is associated with the severity of CAD independent of other cardiovascular risk factors ...

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are now widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A series of clinical and experimental studies demonstrated that GLP-1RAs have beneficial effects on DKD, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by natriuresis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. Furthermore, GLP-1RAs have been shown to suppress renal fibrosis. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that GLP-1RAs have beneficial effects on renal outcomes, especially in patients with T2D who are at high risk for CVD. These findings suggest that GLP-1RAs hold great promise in preventing the onset and progression of DKD. However, GLP-1RAs have only been shown to reduce albuminuria, and their ability to reduce progression to ESRD remains to be elucidated. In this review article, we highlight the current understanding of the clinical

First, I have observed in my referral patients that reduction of albuminuria or proteinuria with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor antagonists, such as losartan, happens only at the expense of reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It is quite evident in Zandbergen and colleagues article that the losartan group had a mean reduction of almost 10% (9.7%) in creatinine clearance over a 10-week period. The decline in GFR was reversible, as shown during the washout period. Therefore, one can argue that reduction of albuminuria in the losartan group was due to reduction of GFR. One can also argue that if therapy with the drug is continued for longer than 10 weeks, more reduction of proteinuria can be expected but in parallel with reduction of GFR ...

Albuminuria acts as a marker of progressive chronic kidney disease and as an indicator for initiation of hypertension treatment via modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. However, the true significance of albuminuria has yet to be fully defined. Is it merely a marker of underlying pathophysiology, or does it play a causal role in the progression of kidney disease? The answer remains under debate. In this issue of the JCI, Bedin et al. used next-generation sequencing data to identify patients with chronic proteinuria who had biallelic variants in the cubilin gene (CUBN). Through investigation of these pathogenic mutations in CUBN, the authors have further illuminated the clinical implications of albuminuria.. ...

Albuminuria acts as a marker of progressive chronic kidney disease and as an indicator for initiation of hypertension treatment via modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. However, the true significance of albuminuria has yet to be fully defined. Is it merely a marker of underlying pathophysiology, or does it play a causal role in the progression of kidney disease? The answer remains under debate. In this issue of the JCI, Bedin et al. used next-generation sequencing data to identify patients with chronic proteinuria who had biallelic variants in the cubilin gene (CUBN). Through investigation of these pathogenic mutations in CUBN, the authors have further illuminated the clinical implications of albuminuria.. ...

Albuminuria acts as a marker of progressive chronic kidney disease and as an indicator for initiation of hypertension treatment via modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. However, the true significance of albuminuria has yet to be fully defined. Is it merely a marker of underlying pathophysiology, or does it play a causal role in the progression of kidney disease? The answer remains under debate. In this issue of the JCI, Bedin et al. used next-generation sequencing data to identify patients with chronic proteinuria who had biallelic variants in the cubilin gene (CUBN). Through investigation of these pathogenic mutations in CUBN, the authors have further illuminated the clinical implications of albuminuria.. ...

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Among patients with microalbuminuria excretion and without hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, treatment with the ACE-inhibitor fosinopril was associated with a reduction in microalbuminuria excretion and cardiovascular events, but treatment with pravastatin was not associated with a reduction in microalbuminuria excretion or cardiovascular events at 4 year follow-up. The present study is the first to show a an association between microalbuminuria and CV events in patients without hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, and may be a possible risk marker for increased events. Given the reduction in SBP in the fosinopril arm and the reduction in cholesterol in the pravastatin arm, it is not clear if the risk reduction is truly attributable to reduced microalbuminuria or to other effects of the therapies tested.. ...

in New England Journal of Medicine [=NEJM] (2011), 364. BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is an early predictor of diabetic nephropathy and premature cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether treatment with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) would delay or ... [more ▼]. BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is an early predictor of diabetic nephropathy and premature cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether treatment with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) would delay or prevent the occurrence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, controlled trial, we assigned 4447 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive olmesartan (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) or placebo for a median of 3.2 years. Additional antihypertensive drugs (except angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or ARBs) were used as needed to lower blood pressure to less than 130/80 mm Hg. The primary outcome was the time to the first onset of ...

Wu, Cho-Kai, Yang, Chung-Yi, Tsai, Chia-Ti, Chiu, Fu-Chun, Huang, Yin-Tssen, Lee, Jen-Kuang, Cheng, Chia-Ling, Lin, Lian-Yu, Lin, Jou-Wei, Hwang, Juey-Jen, Chiang, Fu-Tien . Association of low glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with peripheral arterial disease: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 ...

Diabetic kidney disease, which affects between 20 to 40 percent of people with diabetes, is a serious complication that can ultimately lead to end-stage kidney disease--a life-threatening condition that requires either dialysis or kidney transplant.