Looking for online definition of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in the Medical Dictionary? serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) explanation free. What is serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)? Meaning of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) medical term. What does serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mycobacterium smegmatis L-alanine dehydrogenase (Ald) is required for proficient utilization of alanine as a sole nitrogen source and sustained anaerobic growth. AU - Feng, Zhengyu. AU - Cáceres, Nancy E.. AU - Sarath, Gautam. AU - Barletta, Raúl G.. PY - 2002/9. Y1 - 2002/9. N2 - NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) (Aid) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-alanine and the reductive amination of pyruvate. To assess the physiological role of Aid in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we cloned the ald gene, identified its promoter, determined the protein expression levels, and analyzed the combined effects of nutrient supplementation, oxygen availability, and growth stage on enzyme activity. High Ald activities were observed in cells grown in the presence of L- or D-alanine regardless of the oxygen availability and growth stage. In exponentially growing cells under aerobic conditions, supplementation with alanine resulted in a 25- to 50-fold increase in the enzyme ...

Aoki, Y.-h., Ohkoshi, S., Yamagiwa, S., Yano, M., Takahashi, H., Waguri, N., Igarashi, K., Sugitani, S.-i., Takahashi, T., Ishikawa, T., Kamimura, T., Wakabayashi, H., Watanabe, T., Matsuda, Y., Nomoto, M. and Aoyagi, Y. (2011), Characterization of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels during pegylated-interferon α-2b plus ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology Research, 41: 118-125. doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2010.00749.x ...

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An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible Deamination of L-Alanine to PYRUVATE and Ammonia. The enzyme is needed for Growth when Alanine is the sole Carbon or Nitrogen source. It may also play a Role in Cell Wall synthesis because L-Alanine is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer ...

The effects of metabolic inhibitors and ouabain on alanine transport across rabbit ileum, in vitro, have been investigated. Net transport of alanine and Na across short-circuited segments of ileum is virtually abolished by cyanide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, iodoacetate, and ouabain. However, these inhibitors do not markedly depress alanine influx from the mucosal solution, across the brush border, into the intestinal epithelium, and they do not significantly affect the Na dependence of this entry process. The results of this investigation indicate that: (a) the Na dependence of alanine influx does not reflect a mechanism in which the sole function of Na is to link metabolic energy directly to the influx process; and (b) the inhibition of net alanine transport across intestine is, in part, the result of an increased rate coefficient for alanine efflux out of the cell across the brush border. Although these findings do not exclude a direct link between metabolic energy and alanine efflux, the increased ...

A unique d-to-l racemization of arginine by coupled arginine dehydrogenases DauA and DauB encoded by the dauBAR operon has been recently reported as a prerequisite for d-arginine utilization as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen through l-arginine catabolic pathways in P. aeruginosa. In this study, enzymic properties of the catabolic FAD-dependent d-amino acid dehydrogenase DauA and the physiological functions of the dauBAR operon were further characterized with other d-amino acids. These results establish DauA as a d-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity, with d-Arg and d-Lys as the two most effective substrates, based on the kinetic parameters. In addition, expression of dauBAR is specifically induced by exogenous d-Arg and d-Lys, and mutations in the dauBAR operon affect utilization of these two amino acids alone. The function of DauR as a repressor in the control of the dauBAR operon was demonstrated by dauB promoter activity measurements in vivo and mobility shift assays with

Abstract. The use of recombinant peptides based upon the repeated amino acid sequences of Plasmodium has been proposed for malaria vaccines. By reducing homologies of such peptide vaccines to host proteins, the possibility of autoimmune complications may be reduced, and the effective immune response may be enhanced. The Wilbur and Lipman Wordsearch algorithm was used to identify homologous amino acid sequences between tandemly repeated Plasmodium amino acid sequences and the human and human viral sequences compiled in the National Biomedical Research Foundation database. Six published repetitive immunogenic amino acid sequences from the circumsporozoite (CS) antigen, ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA), soluble (S) antigen, and falciparum interspersed repetitive antigen (FIRA) of P. falciparum, and the CS protein of P. vivax, were analyzed by computer. Matches of at least 4 amino acids were found for all sequences. In the database, 29 matches were found for human proteins and 26 matches

Result 184 patients (mean age 53.9 years, 67.9% male) were recruited. The cumulative rate of virologic relapse at 24 and 48 weeks was 74.2% and 91.4%, respectively. The median HBV DNA level at virologic relapse was 11 000 (range 2115 to ,1.98×108) IU/mL. 42 (25.8%) patients had elevated alanine aminotransferase (median level 97 U/L, range 37-1058 U/L) during virologic relapse. Mean rate of off-treatment HBsAg decline was 0.018 (±0.456) log IU/mL/year. No patients cleared HBsAg. There was no correlation between off-treatment serial HBsAg and HBV DNA levels (r=−0.026, p=0.541). HBsAg levels at the time of entecavir commencement, entecavir cessation and the subsequent rate of HBsAg reduction were not associated with virologic relapse (all p,0.05).. ...

the space group was given incorrectly. The crystal belonged to the monoclinic space group P21 instead of the orthorhombic space group P212121. In Table 1, the average multiplicity should be 4.0 (3.2) instead of 2.1 (1.8); the number of unique reflections should be 22686 (1159) instead of 26108; and the total number of reflections should be 90744 (3709) instead of 435550. ...

Autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis is an overlap syndrome characterized by features of both autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, the latter usually involving the large bile ducts. Autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis occurs more often in children than in adults and is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease, predominantly ulcerative colitis. We report a unique case of a 10-year-old Danish boy with severe small duct autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis and synchronic Crohn colitis. He was referred with a history of weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Biochemical anomalies included elevated alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase and immunoglobulin G levels and the presence of smooth muscle antibodies and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies but normal alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy specimen revealed features of both autoimmune hepatitis and sclerosing cholangitis, the latter characterized by acute, hyperplastic and destructive

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of novel yeast Rad6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants constructed by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis. AU - McDonough, Michele M. AU - Sagan, P. AU - Gonda, D. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - Ubiquitination of intracellular proteins by the yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme is required for cellular processes as diverse as DNA repair, selective proteolysis, and normal growth. For most RAD6-dependent functions, the relevant in vivo targets, as well as the mechanisms and cofactors that govern RAD6 substrate selectivity, are unknown. We have explored the utility of "charge-to-alanine" scanning mutagenesis to generate novel RAD6 mutants that are enzymatically competent with respect to unfacilitated (E3-independent) ubiquitination but that are nevertheless severely handicapped with respect to several in vivo functions. Five of the nine mutants we generated show defects in their in vivo functions, but almost all of the most severely affected ...

Looking for online definition of nonpolar amino acid in the Medical Dictionary? nonpolar amino acid explanation free. What is nonpolar amino acid? Meaning of nonpolar amino acid medical term. What does nonpolar amino acid mean?

We measured hepatitis C virus antibody titers in 13 patients with chronic hepatitis C to determine whether titration of hepatitis C virus antibody was useful or not, to predict and evaluate the efficacy of interferon (IFN) treatment. During administration of IFN, hepatitis C virus titers declined in all patients. Antibody titers performed before treatment as well as just at the end of treatment did not correlate with change of the alanine aminotransferase levels during administration of IFN. Antibody titers declined continuously after treatment in 5 patients with normal alanine amino-transferase levels for over 6 months after discontinuation of IFN. Antibody titers rose again in 6 patients whose alanine aminotransferase levels fluctuated after treatment. An exceptional pattern of change occurred in 2 patients whose antibody titers declined continuously although their alanine aminotransferase levels fluctuated after treatment. Repeated titration of hepatitis C virus antibody appears to be useful ...

Looking for online definition of putative RNA-binding protein 11 in the Medical Dictionary? putative RNA-binding protein 11 explanation free. What is putative RNA-binding protein 11? Meaning of putative RNA-binding protein 11 medical term. What does putative RNA-binding protein 11 mean?

Serum samples from 139 US patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were studied using six different genotyping systems, including both molecular and serologic methods, to determine the applicability of these approaches and the prevalence of various HCV subtypes. The concordance of genotyping results based on the various systems (except for core polymerase chain reaction genotyping) was good (93.5%). Subtypes 1a and 1b were prevalent (37.4%). Subtypes 2a (2.2%), 2b (8.6%), and 3a (5.8%) were less common. HCV genotypes could not be determined in 3.4%-16.5% of samples depending on the method used. HCV type 2 was associated with greater histologic activity but lower serum HCV RNA levels (P | .05), whereas type 3 was associated with lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels (P | .05). These data demonstrate a high concordance between HCV genotyping systems and provide a foundation for comparison of genotyping data between studies using different systems. HCV types 1a and 1b are both

TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular Cloning and Primary Structure of Rat Testes Metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15. AU - Pierotti, Adrian. AU - Glucksman, Marc J.. AU - Roberts, James L.. AU - Dong, Ke Wen. AU - Pierotti, Adrian. AU - Orlowski, Marian. PY - 1990/11/1. Y1 - 1990/11/1. N2 - The complete amino acid sequence of rat testes metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone isolated by screening a rat testes library with a polyclonal antibody raised against a homogeneous preparation of the rat testes enzyme. The correctness of the sequence was verified by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the isolated enzyme and by partial amino acid sequence analysis of three tryptic peptides located near the N-terminus, the middle, and C-terminus of the native protein. The enzyme is composed of 645 amino acids with a molecular weight of 72 985. This value is close to that of the purified rat testes and brain enzyme as determined by polyacrylamide gel ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification and amino acid sequence of kunitz-type protease inhibitor found in the hemocytes of horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). AU - Nakamura, Takanori. AU - Hirai, Toshiaki. AU - Tokunaga, Fuminori. AU - Kawabata, Shun-Ichiro. AU - Iwanaga, Sadaaki. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - A low molecular weight protein protease inhibitor was purified from Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) hemocytes. It consisted of a single polypeptide with a total of 61 amino acid residues. This protease inhibitor inhibited stoichiometrically the amidase activity of trypsin (K1=4.60×10-10 M), and also had inhibitory effects on α-chymotrypsin (K1=5.54×10-9M), elastase (K1=7.20×10-8 M), plasmin, and plasma kallikrein. However, it had no effect on T. tridentatus clotting enzyme and factor C, mammalian blood coagulation factors (activated protein C, factor Xa and α-thrombin), papain, and thermolysin. The complete amino acid sequence of this inhibitor was determined and its ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Deletion mutation in the signal anchor domain activates cleavage of the influenza virus neuraminidase, a type II transmembrane protein. AU - Hogue, B. G.. AU - Nayak, D. P.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is a type II integral membrane protein with a long hydrophobic domain [29 amino acids (aa)] at the N terminus that functions as an uncleaved signal for translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and anchors the protein in the membrane. The function of the transmembrane domain in intracellular transport was investigated by deletion mutagenesis. Expression of the mutated NA in eukaryotic cells and by in vitro translation in the presence of membranes showed that the deletion of eight amino acids (aa 28 to 35) from the carboxy end of the signal anchor domain resulted in cleavage, probably by the signal peptidase and secretion of NA into the culture medium. The mutant NA (N28-35) was present inside the cell predominantly as dimers, secreted as dimers, ...

To determine the efficacy of treatment with 8 weeks of entecavir followed by 40 weeks of both entecavir and peginterferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in hepatitis B 'e' antigen (HBeAg) positive adults who are in the immune tolerant phase.. To evaluate 'off treatment' safety and sustained responses after treatment with entecavir and peginterferon alfa-2a in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in HBeAg positive adults who are in the immune tolerant phase.. A single arm treatment study of 8 weeks of entecavir followed by 40 weeks of both entecavir and peginterferon alfa-2a in adults with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B with normal or near normal ALT levels and high serum levels of HBV DNA ('immune tolerant' HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B). All participants will be followed until week 96 (48 weeks after discontinuation of therapy in the treatment group) at which time the primary outcome will be measured. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Definition of the Inhibitory Domain of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. AU - Ito, Masaaki. AU - Guerriero, Vince. AU - Chen, Xiaomin. AU - Hartshorne, David J.. PY - 1991/4/1. Y1 - 1991/4/1. N2 - Site-directed mutagenesis of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase was applied to define its autoinhibitory domain. Mutants were all initiated at Leu-447 but contained varying lengths of C-terminal sequence. Those containing the complete C-terminal sequence to Glu-972 possessed kinase activities that were calmodulin-dependent. Removal of the putative inhibitory domain by truncation to Thr-778 resulted in generation of a constitutively active (calmodulin-independent) species. Thus, the inhibitory domain lies to the C-terminal side of Thr-778. Truncation to Lys-793 and to Trp-800 also resulted in constitutively active mutants, although the specific activity of the latter was less than the other mutants. None of the truncated mutants bound calmodulin. ...

K00790 murA; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.7] K00075 murB; UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.1.98] K01924 murC; UDP-N-acetylmuramate--alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.8] K01924 murC; UDP-N-acetylmuramate--alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.8] K01925 murD; UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.9] K01928 murE; UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate--2,6-diaminopimelate ligase [EC:6.3.2.13] K01929 murF; UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.10] K01921 ddl; D-alanine-D-alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.4] K01775 alr; alanine racemase [EC:5.1.1.1] K01776 murI; glutamate racemase [EC:5.1.1.3] K01297 ldcA; muramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase [EC:3.4.17.13] K01000 mraY; phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase [EC:2.7.8.13] K02563 murG; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase [EC:2.4.1.227] K06153 bacA; undecaprenyl-diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.27] K19302 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mutation of aromatic amino acid residues located at the amino- and carboxy-termini of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin Ip reduces the efficiency of the toxin to cross the outer membrane. AU - Yamanaka, Hiroyasu. AU - Okamoto, Keinosuke. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Heat-stable enterotoxin Ip (STIp) of Escherichia coli is synthesized as a precursor form consisting of pre- (amino acid residues 1 to 19), pro- (amino acid residues 20 to 54) and mature (amino acid residues 55 to 72) regions. Mature STIp (bioactive STIp) is formed in the periplasmic space after the precursor is proteolytically processed and the mature STIp translocates across the outer membrane through the secretory system including TolC, an outer membrane protein of E. coli. However, it remains unknown how the mature STIp is recognized by this secretory system. In this study, we investigated the amino acid residues of STIp involved in its translocation across the outer membrane. We prepared mutant STIp ...

Title:Causes of Mortality in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Alcohol Related Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD). VOLUME: 26 ISSUE: 10. Author(s):Michael P. Johnston*, Janisha Patel and Christopher D. Byrne. Affiliation:Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton. Keywords:Alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic steatohepatitis, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, T2DM, CVD, mortality.. Abstract:. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol related fatty liver disease (AFLD) both represent a spectrum of liver disease severity from hepatic steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Both NAFLD and AFLD are common diseases in the general population. NAFLD affects ~25% of the adult global population whilst AFLD ...

Patients with chronic hepatitis C and low serum and hepatic iron stores may have an improved response to interferon (IFN). We tested whether iron reduction before and during IFN therapy would lead to an improved sustained biochemical and virological response compared with IFN alone. Eighty-two previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomized to either: group A IFN-α2b 3 MU 3 times per week for 6 months, or group B iron reduction before and during IFN-α2b 3 MU 3 times per week for 6 months. Group B patients had lower mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels than group A patients during treatment and follow-up. Group B patients had significantly lower mean hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels at treatment weeks 4 and 12 (P , .05). Serum HCV RNA was undetectable at the end of treatment in 15 group B patients compared with 7 group A patients (P = .03); 7 group B patients and 3 group A patients had persistently undetectable serum HCV RNA 24 weeks after the end of therapy (P ...

Patients with e antigen positive chronic hepatitis b were enrolled in the study. Age, sex, symptoms (e.g., fever, fatigue, poor appetite, jaundice) were recorded in the study. We also observed the laboratory test results including the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelet (PLT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA; detection of gene mutation (IFNA2 p.Ala120Thr), levels of interferon receptor (IFNAR2 ...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase MK5 is a substrate of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, ERK3 and ERK4. Cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that MK5 is involved in tumour suppression and promotion, embryogenesis, anxiety, cell motility and cell cycle regulation. In the present study, homology models of MK5 were used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of: (1) MK5 alone; (2) MK5 in complex with an inhibitor; and (3) MK5 in complex with the interaction partner p38α. The calculations showed that the inhibitor occupied the active site and disrupted the intramolecular network of amino acids. However, intramolecular interactions consistent with an inactive protein kinase fold were not formed. MD with p38α showed that not only the p38 docking region, but also amino acids in the activation segment, αH helix, P-loop, regulatory phosphorylation region and the C-terminal of MK5 may be involved in forming a very stable MK5-p38α complex, and that p38α

An accurate method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been developed for quantitative analysis of calcitonin and insulin in different commercially available pharmaceutical products. Tryptic peptides derived from these polypeptides were chemically modified at their C-terminal lysine-residues with 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-imidazole (light tagging) as standard and deuterated 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-imidazole (heavy tagging) as internal standard (IS). The heavy modified tryptic peptides (4D-Lys tag), differed by four atomic mass units from the corresponding light labelled counterparts (4H-Lys tag). The normalized peak areas (the ratio between the light and heavy tagged peptides) were used to construct a standard curve to determine the concentration of the analytes. The concentrations of calcitonin and insulin content of the analyzed pharmaceutical products were accurately determined, and less than 5% error was obtained between the ...

GENETAILOR SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS PDF - Site-specific mutagenesis techniques, also known as site-directed mutagenesis .. GeneTailor Site-Directed mutagenesis system (Invitrogen. I have designed

1. The metabolism of L-alanine was studied in isolated guinea-pig kidney-cortex tubules. 2. In contrast with previous conclusions of Krebs [(1935) Biochem. J. 29, 1951-1969], glutamine was found to be the main carbon and nitrogenous product of the metabolism of alanine (at 1 and 5 mM). Glutamate and ammonia were only minor products. 3. At neither concentration of alanine was there accumulation of glucose, glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, aspartate or tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates. 4. Carbon-balance calculations and the release of 14CO2 from [U-14C]alanine indicate that oxidation of the alanine carbon skeleton occurred at both substrate concentrations. 5. A pathway involving alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is proposed for the conversion of alanine into glutamine. 6. Strong evidence for this pathway was obtained by: (i) suppressing alanine removal by ...

They arrived in Europe in January 1945, entered combat on March 12, 1945 and liberated Ohrdruf concentration camp on April 6th. During or immediately after the liberation of Ohrdruf, he took a number of "proof" pictures of the atrocities and conditions of the camp. He took few as he was too emotionally overwhelmed to continue. His photographs include inmate barracks; 3 photographs of groups of emaciated, slaughtered inmates; a Polish slave survivor acting as guide; a Russian slave survivor eating "C" rations; the entryway of the SS compound; a group of 4 survivors in the entry of building #2 at the camp; crematoria at Dachau; entryway at Dachau, after the liberation when it was already set aside as a memorial; Dachau torture manikins; entrance to the Jewish Lagar at Deggendorf; entrance to Ohrdruf; a photo of non-specific buildings at Ohrdruf; a photo of Burger Beau Heller where Hitler started out, in Munich. There is also a photograph of freed British POW taken at Zwickau Germany right after ...

The coordinated activities of AlaAT and GDH have been proposed to play an important role in the maintenance of the redox balance during fermentative growth of P. furiosus(19). These activities result in a change in the relative flux of pyruvate to acetate formation toward alanine formation. Pyruvate is therefore used as a catabolic electron sink. Due to the important role AlaAT plays in this pathway, this enzyme was purified from P. furiosus and represents the first AlaAT purified from either an archaeon or a hyperthermophile.. Similar to the AlaAT from mesophilic sources, the active form of the enzyme was found to be a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 43.5 kDa (22, 34, 36). It has been reported that the AlaATs have a high substrate specificity and are only able to transaminate alanine or glutamate (22, 34, 36). The P. furiosus enzyme, however, was capable of utilizing aspartate and, to a much lesser extent, the branched-chain amino acids with α-ketoglutarate as the amino acceptor, ...

Glu Asp Ser Ser Ser Val Ala Val Leu Asp Thr Ala 370 375 380Ala Gly Val Trp Cys Asp Thr Lys Ser Val Val Thr Ser Pro Arg Thr385 390 395 400Gly Arg Tyr Ser Ala Asp Ala Ala Gly Gly Asp Ala Ser Val Glu Leu 405 410 415Thr Arg Arg Cys Arg His Ala Ala Ala Ala Val Gly Asp Leu Ile Phe 420 425 430Ile Tyr Gly Gly Leu Arg Gly Gly Val Leu Leu Asp Asp Leu Leu Val 435 440 445Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Ala Ala Glu Thr Thr Tyr Ala Ala Ser His Ala 450 455 460Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Thr Asn Ser Pro Pro Gly Arg Leu Pro Gly Arg465 470 475 480Tyr Gly Phe Ser Asp Glu Arg Asn Arg Glu Leu Ser Glu Ser Ala Ala 485 490 495Asp Gly Ala Val Val Leu Gly Ser Pro Val Ala Pro Pro Val Asn Gly 500 505 510Asp Met His Thr Asp Ile Ser Pro Glu Asn Ala Leu Leu Pro Gly Thr 515 520 525Arg Arg Thr Asn Lys Gly Val Glu Tyr Leu Val Glu Ala Ser Ala Ala 530 535 540Glu Ala Glu Ala Ile Ser Ala Thr Leu Ala Ala Ala Lys Ala Arg Gln545 550 555 560Val Asn Gly Glu Val Glu Leu Pro Asp Arg Asp Cys Gly Ala Glu Ala 565 570 575Thr Pro Ser Gly Lys Pro Thr Phe Ser Leu ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis. AU - Priyadarshi, Amit. AU - Lee, Eun Hye. AU - Sung, Min Woo. AU - Nam, Ki Hyun. AU - Lee, Won Ho. AU - Kim, Eunice EunKyeong. AU - Hwang, Kwang Yeon. PY - 2009/7/1. Y1 - 2009/7/1. N2 - Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a bacterial enzyme that belongs to the fold-type III group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. AlaR catalyzes the interconversion between l- and d-alanine, which is important for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This enzyme is common in prokaryotes, but absent in eukaryotes, which makes it an attractive target for the design of new antibacterial drugs. Here, we report the crystal structures of both the apoenzyme and the d-cycloserine (DCS) complex of AlaR from the pathogenic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis v583, at a resolution of 2.5 Å. DCS is a suicide inhibitor of AlaR and, as such, serves as an antimicrobial agent and has been used to treat tuberculosis and urinary tract ...

421336PRTArabidopsis thaliana 1Met Thr Ser Asp Gly Ala Thr Ser Thr Ser Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Arg Arg Lys Pro Ser Trp Arg Glu Arg Glu Asn 20 25 30 Asn Arg Arg Arg Glu Arg Arg Arg Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Thr Gly Leu Arg Ala Gln Gly Asp Tyr Asn Leu Pro Lys His Cys Asp 50 55 60 Asn Asn Glu Val Leu Lys Ala Leu Cys Val Glu Ala Gly Trp Val Val 65 70 75 80 Glu Glu Asp Gly Thr Thr Tyr Arg Lys Gly Cys Lys Pro Leu Pro Gly 85 90 95 Glu Ile Ala Gly Thr Ser Ser Arg Val Thr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Gln Asn 100 105 110 Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Ser Ala Phe Gln Ser Pro Ile Pro Ser Tyr Gln 115 120 125 Val Ser Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Phe Pro Ser Pro Ser Arg Gly Glu Pro 130 135 140 Asn Asn Asn Met Ser Ser Thr Phe Phe Pro Phe Leu Arg Asn Gly Gly 145 150 155 160 Ile Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro Ser Leu Arg Ile Ser Asn Ser Cys Pro Val 165 170 175 Thr Pro Pro Val Ser Ser Pro Thr Ser Lys Asn Pro Lys Pro Leu Pro 180 185 190 Asn Trp Glu Ser Ile Ala Lys Gln Ser Met Ala Ile Ala Lys Gln Ser 195 200 205 ...

Source of beta alanine in an easy-to-dose powder form Helps provide stronger training Enhances your performance during any kind of exercise May slow down ageing processes Increases physical endurance Delays the onset of fatigue QRP Nutrition Beta Alanine is a source of pure beta alanine which allows precise dosage of this potent, performance-enhancing amino acid. It increases endurance and thus allows you provide stronger training stim. Beta-alanine is an amino acid synthesised in the liver and a precursor to carnosine, i.e. a compound which is vital to homeostasis in the body. In food, it is found mainly in meat (beef, pork and poultry) and fish. Beta alanine levels affect the synthesis of carnosine. It is formed when L-histidine, another amino acid, binds to a beta-alanine molecule. Since carnosine cannot cross myocyte membranes, beta-alanine supplementation is the most effective way to boost its levels in the body. Enhanced training performance Carnosine acts as an acid-base buffer in e.g. muscle

1. Find a partition, an entryway, or the end of a wall. © 2005-2020 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Improving grip strength by building the muscles of the forearm can help improve ability to perform daily activities. Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to read PDFs. You may be prescribed a number of physical therapy exercises. All rights reserved. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. Physical Therapy and Exercises for the Elbow. Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. For this exercise, you will need elastic exercise material, such as surgical tubing or Thera-Band. exercises using tubing or manual resistance or weights • Incorporate sport specific exercises if indicated • Joint mobilization, soft tissue mobilization, or passive stretching if indicated • Continue to assess for neurovascular compromise ... Microsoft Word - Elbow dislocation rehab.doc You can reduce your muscle mass by doing the opposite of what ...

CHICAGO - After successfully rolling out groceries, and now seeing solid sales increases in foodservice offerings, C-stores are looking to further capture customers by adding more tobacco categories to the product mix. After closely monitoring these trends, Inter-Continental Trading USA Inc. is now offering a 1oz OHM Pipe Tobacco point-of-purchase solution.. "With attractive profit margins and more varieties," said Shargio Patel, President of Inter-Continental Trading USA Inc., "C-stores and chains are realizing the store-traffic value and higher margins in other tobacco products. For that reason, we've designed a display solution around our 1oz OHM bag size to make it easier for retailers to enter the market. The 1oz OHM Countertop Display is ideal as a low-cost entryway into pipe tobacco products, as a way to capture impulse buys, or to build on existing tobacco sales.". The 1oz OHM Pipe Tobacco Countertop Display comes preloaded with 15 bags-5 bags each of Red, Blue, and Mint-in an ...

Before the coronavirus hit, transfers typically took three-and-a-half hours. Now, with flight nurses and flight paramedics having to put on and safely remove masks, gloves, gowns and goggles in the searing desert heat, the process can take hours longer. And at times, he's had to tell hospitals they'll have to wait because "we just don't have anybody.". Imperial has become the entryway for U.S. citizens living in Mexico seeking medical care. Around 7,000 people in the county have contracted the virus. More than 100 have died, with almost one in four people tested turning up positive.. Recently, Green said, Imperial County reached out to San Francisco's public health department for assistance. So did Marin County, where an outbreak at San Quentin State Prison has sickened more than 1,000 inmates and sent officials scrambling to find hospital space, including by reopening a surge site at the beleaguered Seton Medical Center in Daly City. UCSF has taken at least four patients from the ...

This holiday corporate party is one to remember! Every detail of this party was stunning and breathtaking. As guests arrived at the Palos Verdes Estate, they were immediately greeted with a grand entryway. We used string lights and seamlessly integrated them into the beautiful arch. As the candlelights lit the pathway into the estate, it led to two large bespoke reindeer topiaries designed by The Empty Vase. The design featured thousands of crimson carnations, vanda blooms, fresh green moss, and metallic hand-painted eucalyptus for the antlers! Because the reindeers were a work of art, we wanted to highlight the vibrant colors from the flowers using uplighting.. When guests entered the estate, whimsical and unique floral arrangements were placed throughout the tabletops along with several candlelights ...

strangler fig Some fig species are dependent on specific wasps species for pollination. The wasps use fig fruit as a safe place to lay their eggs. If a wasp species linked to a particular fig were ever to become extinct, so too would the fig. The symbiotic relationship between the fig and wasp works like this: A female wasp, carrying pollen from male flowers inside the fig where she was born, enters the fig through an entryway at the bottom of the fruit. She lays her eggs in fig's ovaries, spreading pollen from the male flowers as you goes. This allows the fig to reproduce. After she is finished she dies. Young wasp larvae emerge from the eggs and feed on the fruit's flesh and mate. Male wasps die inside the fruit and females, covered with pollen, emerge to begin the cycle again. Many animals and birds eat the fruit produced by strangler figs. Unlike fruit trees such as mangos that produce all their fruit at once during one season, each species of strangler figs produce fruit year round. ...

There are many competing claims for the earliest powered, heavier-than-air flight. The first recorded powered flight was carried out by Clément Ader on October 9, 1890 in his bat-winged, fully self-propelled fixed-wing aircraft, the Ader Éole. It was reportedly the first manned, powered, heavier-than-air flight of a significant distance (50 m (160 ft)) but insignificant altitude from level ground.[8][9][10] Seven years later, on 14 October 1897, Ader's Avion III was tested without success in front of two officials from the French War ministry. The report on the trials was not publicized until 1910, as they had been a military secret. In November 1906 Ader claimed to have made a successful flight on 14 October 1897, achieving an "uninterrupted flight" of around 300 metres (980 feet). Although widely believed at the time, these claims were later discredited.[11][12] The Wright brothers made the first successful powered, controlled and sustained airplane flight on December 17, 1903, a feat made ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mechanism-Guided Engineering of ω-Transaminase to Accelerate Reductive Amination of Ketones. AU - Han, Sang Woo. AU - Park, Eul Soo. AU - Dong, Joo Young. AU - shin, jong shik. PY - 2015/5/1. Y1 - 2015/5/1. N2 - Asymmetric reductive amination of ketones using ω-transaminases (ω-TAs) offers a promising alternative to the chemocatalytic synthesis of chiral amines. One fundamental challenge to the biocatalytic strategy is the very low enzyme activities for most ketones compared with native substrates (i.e., ,1% relative to pyruvate). Here we have demonstrated that a single point mutation in the active site of the (S)-selective ω-TA from Ochrobactrum anthropi could induce a remarkable acceleration of the amination reaction without any loss in stereoselectivity and enzyme stability. Molecular modeling of quinonoid intermediates, alanine scanning mutagenesis and kinetic analysis revealed that the W58 residue acted as a steric barrier to binding and catalytic turnover of ketone ...

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In the reaction of 2,6-dichloropyridine and 2,6-dichloro-3-phenylpyridine with potassium amide in liquid ammonia at -70°C, formation of derivatives of 4,4'-bipyridyl and 3,4'-bipyridyl is observed. The 4,4' coupling products are far in excess to the 3,4' coupling products. When the reaction is carried out at -70°C in the presence of potassium permanganate, the corresponding 4-aminopyridines are the main products. 2-Chloro-6-phenoxypyridine is very unreactive with this aminating reagent at -70°C as well as -33°C, but in the presence of potassium permanganate at -33°C 4-amino-2-chloro-6-phenoxypyridine is formed in fair yield. The mechanisms of the formation of the bipyridyls and 4-aminopyridines are presented.. ...

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With this PhD project offered within the IMPRS, function analysis of fungal aldehyde dehydrogenases in T. vaccinum is intended, especially both getting a better inside into the IAA biosynthesis in T. vaccinum and investigating IAA transport in ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ethanol detoxification could be proven since overexpressing ald1 mutants showed increased ethanol stress tolerance. In the T. vaccinum genome seven further ald genes could be annotated, which are analyzed by qPCR for induction by chemical triggers like alcohols, aldehydes and biotic signals. To link between systemic reactions of the tree to one or more specific root factors, like mycorrhiza, a volatile collection system was developed, which allows us to characterize changes in the volatile pattern of young coniferous trees ...

O Shigella bacteriano do micróbio patogénico, frequentemente propagação através do alimento contaminado ou água, é uma causa principal da mortalidade em crianças e em uns adultos mais velhos no mundo

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