Background: Urban air pollution can trigger asthma exacerbations, but the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on lung function, or onset of airway disease and allergic sensitization in children is less clear. Methods: All 2107 children aged 9-14 from 40 schools in Rome in 2000-2001 were included in a cross-sectional survey. Respiratory symptoms were assessed on 1760 children by parental questionnaires (response rate=83.5%). Allergic sensitization was measured by skin prick tests and lung function was measured by spirometry on 1359 children (77.2%). Three indicators of traffic-related air pollution exposure were assessed, i.e. self-reported traffic outside the childs home, the measured distance between the childs home and busy roads, and the residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels estimated by a land-use regression model (R2=0.69). Results: We found a strong association between estimated NO2 exposure per 10 μg/m3 and lung function, especially expiratory flows, in ...

Smog damages international executive recruitment. Back to China… according to the American Chamber of Commerce in Beijing, Chinas infamous smog is putting top foreign executives off working in the country, highlighting how air pollution is damaging international recruitment. And in the EU, the European Environment Bureau claims air pollution reductions proposed by member states are regrettably low, and that member states have been given too long to meet them.. Some London air pollution levels are double the legal limit. London Liberal Democrat politicians claim existing measures to protect school children from air pollution are not working, after surveying the capitals 935 schools that sit within 150m of a busy road. Another piece of research reveals air pollution levels are reaching almost double the legal limit in some areas of Highgate, London. And it appears the weirdly warm spring weather might trigger smog alerts in our biggest cities.. Bringing more fresh air indoors. Poor air ...

Abstract Background: Globally, indoor air pollution from various forms of pollutants is an increasing problem. The most common form of indoor air pollution is that caused by inefficient burning of solid and fossil fuels like wood, charcoal and kerosene in indoor environments. Indoor air pollution is therefore a significant problem particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Uganda where use of such solid fuels is most common. There is however little attention drawn to understanding the problem specifically in Uganda to come up with tailor-made solutions. Objectives: To assess risk factors for indoor air pollution exposure in households in Bulamu ward, Kasangati town council, Wakiso district so as to provide information that could be used to make proper decisions and design measures to reduce indoor air pollution. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out among 96 households in Bulamu ward, Kasangati town council, Wakiso district. From the 5 villages within the ward, 1 was ...

Health impact assessments usually apply air pollution effect estimates derived from a study in one population (the evidentiary population), to estimate impacts in another (the target population). Such assessments assume that the effect estimates in the evidentiary population are transferable, or generalisable, to the target population. The validity of this assumption implicitly requires that the two populations be similar with regard to factors that influence the magnitude of the effect estimates, such as structure of the morbidity, basic health status, or composition of the air pollution mix. Recent analyses have begun to explore how such factors may explain the variation in air pollution effect estimates observed among locations in Europe and the United States.2,18-20 They suggest the presence of significant and real heterogeneity in location specific estimates that may need to be taken into account in health impact assessments. However, at present knowledge about effect modifiers is quite ...

Tomczak, A.; Miller, A.B.; Weichenthal, S.A.; To, T.; Wall, C.; van Donkelaar, A.; Martin, R.V.; Crouse, D.Lawson.; Villeneuve, P.J., 2016: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study

Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Air Quality and Health Research and Evaluation (CAR) Review of the health impacts of emission sources, types and levels of particulate matter air pollution

Clean air is considered as one of the basic requirements for human being. Pollution-related diseases due to air pollution continue to rise at an alarming rate and affect peoples quality of life. Air pollution also adversely affects welfare inequality. Air pollution as a significant risk factor affects health and sense of subjective well-being (SWB). In this study, the effect of air pollution on subjective well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, and optimism) is investigated. Relationship between well-being and air quality is a fundamental issue to design public policies. Hence, the studies about the link are of grooving interest in the literature. The results show that air pollutants have an effect on subjective well-being. The link between life satisfaction and happiness is very strong. Optimism is also positively correlated with life satisfaction and happiness. Good air quality and optimism make people happier. Air quality is likely to have an effect on peoples sense of life satisfaction,

German researchers report more evidence of another risk factor for developing type II diabetes: traffic related air pollution. After following a group of middle-aged women for 16 years, the authors find that exposure to high levels of air pollution is associated with an increased risk of type II diabetes in later years.... The study is one of the first to follow participants over many years in order to look at whether traffic-related air pollution might be linked to the risk of developing diabetes later in life. It agrees with a handful of prior human and animal studies that have suggested a link between the two. As the world becomes increasingly urban and megacities emerge, traffic-related air pollution is an increasingly serious problem. It poses environmental, ecological and human health risks, including well-documented respiratory illnesses such as asthma and lung cancer ...

Home National Climate Change, Unplanned Urbanization And Air Pollution Can Fail Us In Beating NCDs SocialPost Bureau Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mostly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and lung diseases, account for over two-thirds of world's deaths each year. Of these, the lung diseases are the least recognized, said Dr Dean Schraufnagel, Executive Director, Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS), who was among the key experts at the 2nd Global NCD Alliance Forum in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

From January to March, ambient air pollution in the capital exceeded the World Health Organizations standards on 78 days, the study by the Hanoi-based Green Innovation and Development Center (GreenID) at the Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations found.. Ambient air pollution is measured by the concentration of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), a fraction of the width of a human hair which is released from vehicles, industry and natural sources like dust.. The PM2.5 concentration in Hanoi on February 15 was 234 μg/m3, the study found. The WHO limit is 25 μg/m3.. Nguy Thi Khanh, director of the center, told a conference on Wednesday that pollution had hit levels that were very harmful to health on multiple occasions.. The study said air quality in Ho Chi Minh City was better than in Hanoi, but the ambient air pollution also exceeded the WHO limit on 78 days.. The Real-Time Air Quality Index on aqicn.org forecasts that pollution levels in Hanoi will hit very unhealthy levels ...

SEOUL, March 23 (Korea Bizwire) - Air pollution costs South Korea more than 10 trillion won (US$8.9 billion) a year in lost production and other damages, with the figure feared to nearly double in about 40 years, data showed Thursday. Air pollution causes direct and indirect damage across the board by not only harming peoples health, but also affecting their leisure activity and industrial production. According to the data by local environmental authorities, scholars and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the yearly cost of South Koreas air pollution is estimated to hover above the 10 trillion won mark. Prof. Bae Jeong-hwan of Chonnam National University in Gwangju, about 330 kilometers south of Seoul, even put the figure at 11.8 trillion won. The estimates measured the harmful effects of such air pollutants as particulates, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. According to conservative estimates, the damage from air pollution in South ...

List of Mact Air Pollution Control (Air Pollution Control) companies, manufacturers and suppliers serving Micronesia on Air and Climate - Environmental XPRT

In 2002, Narayan Sastry, currently a professor of demography at the University of Michigan, published a paper entitled Forest Fires, Air Pollution, and mortality in SE Asia in the February 2002 issue of the journal Demography. The smog of 1997 coincided with an El Niño year which had intensified the seasonal mid-year drought. The land clearing and forest fires in that year burnt an estimated 2-3 percent of Indonesian land area, mostly in Sumatra and Kalimantan but also affecting sizeable tracts in Irian Jaya, Sulawesi, Java, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Wetar as well as areas in Sarawak and Brunei. Sastry obtained daily mortality statistics from the Department of Statistics in Malaysia and correlated these with the daily Air Pollution Index (API) readings from the Malaysian Meteorological Department , in order to analyze the acute mortality in Kuching and Kuala Lumpur following upon days of high air pollution (defined as days when PM 10 , 210 ug/m 3. The Air Pollution Index is ...

Despite improvements in air quality since the 1970s, air pollution remains an important environmental risk to human health. A national health objective for the year 2000 is to reduce exposure to air pollutants so that at least 85% of persons live in counties that meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards (objective 11.5) (1). This report provides estimates from the American Lung Association (ALA) of populations potentially at risk from exposure to particulate air pollution in the United States during 1992. The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter less than 10 um in diameter (PM10) is 150 ug/m(3), averaged over 24 hours (2). The federal standard is met if this value is not exceeded more than once per calendar year, and the annual arithmetic mean is less than or equal to 50 ug/m(3). Information in this report is based on the second highest maximum 24-hour PM10 concentrations recorded by at least one monitor in 1992 (EPA, unpublished data, 1993). Both the ...

CALL FOR PAPERS****CALL FOR PAPERS***CALL FOR PAPERS****. Water, Air and Soil Pollution invites excellent, scholarly reviews. In particular, the journal welcomes reviews on the following topics: · Flooding and pollution. · Emerging methods of pollution analysis. · Pollution and public health. · Agriculture and pollution. · Pollution in the Arctic. · Pollution bioremediation. · Novel solutions to environmental pollution. · Aquatic, coastal and marine pollution. · Pollution and climate change. · Pollution and an increasing human population. · Extreme weather events and pollution. · Molecular approaches to environmental pollution research. Please contact the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Jack Trevors, at [email protected] to discuss your review proposal. NEWS! Effective 2013, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution changed its publication structure to a new publication model: Continuous Article Publishing. This means that papers will be published immediately after acceptance in a volume/issue. For more ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved the state of Oklahomas clean-air plan related to transporting air pollution from fine particulate matter across state lines, known as interstate transport. EPA determined that emissions from pollution sources in Oklahoma do not contribute significantly to diminished air quality in other states.. Controlling particulate matter pollution is important for public health and for maintaining air quality, said Regional Administrator Anne Idsal. Oklahoma has shown its a good neighbor by keeping this pollution from affecting other states.. Because air pollution does not stay within political boundaries, the Clean Air Act requires that state clean-air plans prohibit emissions that will significantly harm air quality in other states. This is commonly called transport or the Good Neighbor requirement. Based on submitted technical information, EPA found that emissions in Oklahoma comply with those requirements. EPAs finding approves state law ...

Air pollution in Mexico City is a continuing concern for citizens, health experts, and environmentalists. The air pollution of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, contained within the Valley of Mexico, is measured by the Índice Metropolitano de la Calidad del Aire (Metropolitan Index of Air Quality). It has been said that Mexico Citys air has gone from among the worlds cleanest to among the dirtiest in the span of a generation. Historic air pollution episodes of the 1950s led to acute increases in infant mortality. Much improvement was made in the city since 1992, when the United Nations named Mexico City the most polluted city on the planet. At the time pollution was thought to cause 1,000 deaths and 35,000 hospitalizations per year. In 2012 ozone and other air pollutants ranked at about the same level as Los Angeles. This improvement in air quality was achieved, starting in the 1980s, through the Mexican governments requirement that gasoline be reformulated, that polluting factories be ...

BACKGROUND: There is increasing concern about the potential effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the developing brain. The impact of TRAP exposure on childhood behavior is not fully understood because of limited epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVE: We explored the association between early-life exposure to TRAP using a surrogate, elemental carbon attributed to traffic (ECAT), and attent

Influence of Ambient Air Pollution on Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Score Index: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune of an unknown etiolog

Pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders can lead to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, but the cause of these conditions is not well understood. We have systematically reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association between exposure to ambient air pollution and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. We searched electronic databases for English language studies reporting associations between ambient air pollution and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders published between December 2009 and December 2013. Combined risk estimates were calculated using random-effect models for each exposure that had been examined in ≥4 studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. A total of 17 articles evaluating the impact of nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOX), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), proximity to major roads, and traffic density met our ...

The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) is a ruling by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that requires member states of the United States to reduce power plant emissions that contribute to ozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states. The EPA describes this rule as one that protects the health of millions of Americans by helping states reduce air pollution and attain clean air standards. The CSAPR requires 23 United States states to reduce their annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx) to help downwind states attain the 24-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and 25 states to reduce ozone season nitrous oxide emissions to help downwind states attain the 8-hour NAAQS. The states that are required to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions are divided into two groups, both of which must reduce their emissions in 2012. Group 1 is required to make additional emissions reductions by 2014. The CSAPR has been defended by environmental groups ...

This article was originally published at 8Asians.com and has been reposted here with permission.. While smog is yet one of the many problems afflicting Los Angeles, this blog entry points out that some of LAs famous air pollution comes all the way from China. According to this report, some days have a third of the air over San Francisco and Los Angeles coming from Asia, and along with it, up to three fourths of black carbon particulate air pollution, among other pollutants. Just how does Chinese pollution get to the US? Is it just the fault of the Chinese?. Some of this pollution begins as naturally occurring dust plumes from the Gobi desert, whipped up by storms every spring and summer. As the dust travels west, it picks ups pollutants as it travels through heavily industrialized parts of China. Those pollutants include the end products of coal burning, a common source of power in China.. While the US may complain about the pollution, it does contribute to the problem. Various loopholes and ...

Introduction. A vast area under discussion, mostly in this day and age, pollution is a poisonous or harmful contamination of the biosphere. There are many different forms of pollution including litter, industrial effluent, domestic waste, nuclear waste, toxic waste, water pollution, agricultural pollution, noise pollution and air pollution. Air pollution, being the main area of concern due to its threatening symptoms, comes from a range of various sources such as factories, power plants, dry cleaners, motor vehicles and even windblown dust and wildfires. It can be divided into particulate and gaseous pollutants. Particulate pollutants consist largely of dust and smoke. Gaseous pollutants are caused by the burning of fuels (wood, oil, coal) and consist mostly of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide etc. Ever since the passenger vehicle was invented, air pollution has been an escalating worry. In the U.S. there is approximately 770 cars per 1000 people. In many urban areas, motor ...

It is obvious that all humans desire to breathe clean air. In a progressively urbanized world, pollution and air quality are essential and hotly debated issues. More often than not, we tend to assume that air pollution is something that we face while outdoors in the form of that yellow haze in the air, smog, or ozone depletion. We tend to concentrate more on the outside and ignore the problem inside. Yet, indoor air quality is critical as it concerns all of us.. We spend around 90% of our time indoors, without the knowledge that the air inside our offices, homes, and buildings could be more polluted compared to outside air. For most of us, health risks indoors might be greater than outside. This is due to exposure to allergens, chemicals, particles, and pollutants. The elderly and children are more susceptible to indoor air pollution as they are the most exposed. However, since we all spend a lot of time indoors and that present-day buildings are constructed in such a way that they lock ...

Solutions to Indoor Air Pollution - One of the best solutions to indoor air pollution is ventilation. Learn more solutions to indoor air pollution and to breathing more easily.

Exposure to air pollution has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, but most research has focused on short-term (hours, days, or months) exposures at relatively low concentrations. We examined the associations between long-term (3-year average) concentrations of outdoor PM and household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels with BP and hypertension in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Outdoor PM exposures were estimated at year of enrollment for 137,809 adults aged 35-70 years from 640 urban and rural communities in 21 countries using satellite and ground-based methods. Primary use of solid fuel for cooking was used as an indicator of HAP exposure, with analyses restricted to rural participants (n = 43,313) in 27 study centers in 10 countries. BP was measured following a standardized procedure and associations with air pollution examined with mixed-effect regression models, after adjustment for a comprehensive set of potential ...

The Air Pollution and Control Laboratory houses the Air Quality Measurement Laboratory, which determines the quality of the ambient air, and the Emission Measurement Laboratory, which measures flue gas emissions. In addition, the measurement of noise levels for noise mapping studies are underway.. In our country in recent years, a new form of pollution called odor pollution has arisen. Our laboratories have the necessary competence and accreditation to measure and evaluate odor pollution. The Air Pollution and Control Laboratory was first given accreditation in 2002 by DAP/DAR of the German Accreditation Agency. This accreditation lasted until 2010. Ever since 2010, accreditation has been given from the Turkish Accreditation Agency. More details can be found in the Industrial Service Catalog.. Our laboratory has been given the TS ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation by the Turkish Accreditation Agency in sampling, measurement, and analysis of quite a few parameters. Flue gas measurement and analysis has ...

Street canyons are ubiquitous in urban areas. Traffic-related air pollutants in street canyons can adversely affect human health. In this study, an urban-scale traffic pollution dispersion model is developed considering street distribution, canyon geometry, background meteorology, traffic assignment, traffic emissions and air pollutant dispersion. In the model, vehicle exhausts generated from traffic flows first disperse inside street canyons along the micro-scale wind field generated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Then, pollutants leave the street canyon and further disperse over the urban area. On the basis of this model, the effects of canyon geometry on the distribution of NOx and CO from traffic emissions were studied over the center of Beijing. We found that an increase in building height leads to heavier pollution inside canyons and lower pollution outside canyons at pedestrian level, resulting in higher domain-averaged concentrations over the area. In addition, canyons with ...

Air Pollution and Acid Rain. 012-10988 r1.04. Air Pollution and Acid Rain. 012-10750 r1.04. Air Pollution and Acid Rain. Introduction. Each page of this lab that contains the symbol Slideshow 1968273 by karis

The San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (APCD or District) is the local agency working to protect the health of San Luis Obispo County residents by preserving good air quality. By partnering with the local communities and businesses, we implement regulations and programs to reduce air pollution and assist the county in reaching all outdoor air quality standards. www.slocleanair.org

The Air Pollution Control Hearing Board (APCHB) is a fair and unbiased panel that hears appeals when a negotiated resolution cannot be achieved. The APCHB meets the first Tuesday of every month (as needed).. The Air Pollution Control Hearing Board consists of seven members who are not employees of the state or any of its political subdivisions and are recommended by the Air Quality Management Division and approved by the District Board of Health. One member of the board shall be an attorney, one member shall be a Nevada licensed Engineer, and one member shall be a Nevada licensed contractor.. Any person may bring an appeal to the Hearing Board if they feel they have been aggrieved in any of the following ways.. ...

The University of California, San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education Programs (UCSF Fresno) Department of Internal Medicine, will present a panel discussion titled, Air Pollution: Is it Killing You? The discussion will take place on Monday, November 18, at 5 p.m. in the UCSF Fresno Rowell Auditorium at the Veterans Administration Hospital. It is sponsored by a grant from UCSF Fresnos Roger K. Larsen, MD, Visiting Professorship Fund.

Almost everyone is familiar with this side of the air pollution story: outdoor pollution can have a bad impact on our health. But have you thought about how pollution indoors can affect your health and well-being? Just like outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution has a high cost. For example, in France the health costs of indoor air pollution is approximately 19 billion euros per year, according to a recent study.. How much time do you spend indoors? Do you think it is about half your day, or a little less or a little more?. Many of us spend about 90% of our time indoors: at our home, office, school, shops and restaurants. While indoor air quality at home is often entirely in our own hands, at work it is in the hands of our employers.. Factors like mould and bacteria, volatile organic compounds, and gases such as carbon monoxide and radon can affect indoor air quality at work. Tobacco smoke is another major source of air pollution in the workplace; it alone can involve about 4 000 different, ...

INCINERATOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (APC) CAPACITY SIMULATION PROJECT The client operates a hazardous waste incineration facility. The incineration process has an air pollution control system (APC) to remove contaminants from the combustion gases generated during the incineration process. The APC consists of three (3) wet scrubbing steps - saturator, condenser, and high energy (venturi) scrubber, followed by a baghouse filtration system. Draft for the combustion and APC processes is provided by an induced draft fan. Solids in the combustion gas accumulate and plug the process side of the plate-and-frame heat exchangers utilized in the condensing step. Plugged heat exchangers lead to poor heat transfer and higher condenser outlet temperatures, which in turn lead to reduced system capacity.. Process Engineering Associates, LLC (PROCESS) was contracted by the client to assist the clients process engineer in modeling the overall APC process utilizing PROCESS (and the clients) licensed commercial ...

Politi-cians and bu-reau-crats across the world - at lo-cal, re-gional and na-tional lev-els - have been com-ing up with new ideas to re-duce air pollution. More re-cently, some have pointed the fin-ger at ru-ral con-tri-bu-tions to air pollution in the de-vel-op-ing world, es-pe-cially in In-dia and China.. Dur-ing Di-wali cel-e-bra-tions at the end of Oc-to-ber, New Delhis pollution level was off the charts, ce-ment-ing the In-dian cap-i-tals sta-tus as the worlds most pol-luted megac-ity and rekin-dling a na-tion-wide de-bate on In-dias killing smog. Of-fi-cial data from the Delhi Pollution Con-trol Com-mit-tee showed haz-ardous lev-els of smog, with con-cen-tra-tions of both PM2.5 and PM10 - harm-ful par-tic-u-lates with a di-am-e-ter of 2.5 and 10 mi-crom-e-ters or less - hit-ting lev-els more than 30 times the World Health Or-ga-ni-za-tions rec-om-mended 24 hour av-er-age limit.. Over the last few years In-dia has held mul-ti-ple con-fer-ences and work-shops to find a so-lu-tion to ...

Article Nilu - A centre for air pollution studies in Europe. NILUs strong position in atmospheric European air research originated with studies of long range transport of air pollutants and acid rain in the 1970s. This involvement is continued in t...

Using the most comprehensive data file ever compiled on air pollution, water pollution, environmental regulations, and infant mortality from a developing country, the paper examines the effectiveness of Indias environmental regulations. The air pollution regulations were effective at reducing ambient concentrations of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. The most successful air pollution regulation is associated with a modest and statistically insignificant decline in infant mortality. However, the water pollution regulations had no observable effect. Overall, these results contradict the conventional wisdom that environmental quality is a deterministic function of income and underscore the role of institutions and politics. ...

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) and ambient air pollution (AAP) exposures have been associated with increased prevalence and severity of asthma and DNA modifications of immune cells. In the current study, we examined the association between SHS and AAP with DNA methylation and expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) in T cell populations. Methods: Subjects 7-18 years old were recruited from Fresno (high AAP; n = 62) and Stanford, CA (low AAP; n = 40) and divided into SHS-exposed (Fresno: n = 31, Stanford: n = 6) and non-SHS-exposed (nSHS; Fresno: n = 31, Stanford: n = 34) groups. T cells purified from peripheral blood were assessed for levels of DNA methylation and expression of IFN-γ (in effector T cells) or Foxp3 (in regulatory T cells). Results: Analysis showed a significant increase in mean % CpG methylation of IFN-γ and Foxp3 associated with SHS exposure (IFN-γ: FSHS 62.10%, FnSHS 41.29%, p | 0.05; SSHS 46.67%, SnSHS 24.85%, p | 0.05; Foxp3: FSHS 74.60%,

Downloadable (with restrictions)! Intuitively, the concept of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is relatively easy to understand: pollution will initially increase with economic development but then decrease again as incomes attain a certain level. The overall concept of pollution, however, actually consists of various components which may behave differently and are not easily combined into a single measure. As a result, the measurement or tracking of an EKC becomes more difficult as one tries to develop a tractable measure of pollution for modeling or policy purposes. For example, in China levels of sulfur dioxide and particulate pollution show some signs of diminishing while nitrogen dioxide levels have increased as Chinas auto fleet has grown. Consequently, different studies estimating an EKC often generate different results depending upon which pollutant is used and how it is measured. This paper generates composite measures of Chinese air pollution using Nemerow methodology as well as a new

The study used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look at the hearts of 3,896 subjects that had no cardiovascular diseases at the beginning of the study. Researchers also determined the levels of nitrous dioxide surrounding each subjects home. Researchers found that there was an association between higher nitrous oxide levels and changes in the right ventricul of the heart.. Dr. Peter Leary, lead author of the study, said in a new release that, Although the link between traffic-related air pollution and left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and cardiovascular death is established, the effects of the traffic-related air pollution on the right ventricle have not been well studied.. The Environmental Protection Agency began investigating pollution resulting from fossil fuels back in the 1970s, and found in 2010 that by decreasing sulfur dioxides, nitrous oxides and other particulate matter, environmental regulations were able to effectively prevent 130,000 heart attacks, 86,000 ...

‘Hawa Badlo’ allows people in NCR to report on incidences of air pollution such as garbage burning and sends these to officials who will then take action. This is in compliance with directions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court on air pollution control 

A version of this post was originally published by Maria Fernanda Cavalcanti in Portuguese on TheCityFix Brasil on June 27, 2011.. Air pollution in the capital of Chile has reached alarming rates, forcing the city to declare a Level 2, pre-emergency, environmental alert on Monday, June 27, 2011. Previously, the government of Santiago had declared a second pre-emergency environmental alert in early June. Air monitoring stations recorded pollution levels at 300 to 500 micrograms per cubic meter of particles hazardous to health, exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO)s acceptable levels of 50 micrograms per cubic meter by a factor of ten.. In response to the current levels of air pollution, officials have been enforcing vehicle use restrictions. The decision restricts the movement of 20 percent of vehicles around the perimeter of Santiago, which corresponds to about 310,000 fewer cars on the streets. About 800 industries have been paralyzed by the measure. In addition to the closing of ...

New Delhi : The International Energy Agency in its recent report World Energy Outlook Special Report on Energy and Air Pollution has reaffirmed Greenpeace Indias previously-stated position on thermal power plants contributing significantly to high levels of air pollution. The IEA report released today suggests that 85 percent of particulate matter and almost all of the sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides result from fuel combustion. According to the report around 60 percent of global combustion-related sulphur dioxide emissions originate from coal. The same was also highlighted through Greenpeace Indias latest report Out of Sight which depicted presence of SO2 hotspots at the coal consuming hotspots in the country using analysis done on satellite data from NASA. According to the IEA report: Global fuel combustion increases steadily in our main scenario, to help meet a one-third rise in global energy demand. But global emissions of particulate matter are projected to fall by 7 percent, ...

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Your chosen mask should be airtight and form a tight seal around your face. However, some experts warn that wearing surgical style or basic cotton masks can be more detrimental than wearing nothing at all. These types of mask are rarely effective against significant air pollution levels, yet they can create a false sense of security, leading more people to increase their exposure as they linger outdoors. While President Xi Jinping may feel comfortable breathing in 500 AQI polluted air, most of us would feel a little more confident wearing the adequate protection. The most important consideration when choosing an air pollution mask is how it fits against your face. An air gap will allow air particulate to be breathed in, basically rendering your mask useless. Many masks may advertise that they are 99% effective, but you need to use your own judgment. If you are wearing glasses and a mask, and your lenses steam up, your mask is not airtight. You also need to consider the material used to ...

definition of APHEA, what does APHEA mean?, meaning of APHEA, Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach, APHEA stands for Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach

Bonnie Holmes-Gen is the Senior Director for Policy and Advocacy at the American Lung Association in California (ALAC). At the ALA, Ms. Holmes-Gen is responsible for advocating the public policy concerns of ALAC before the California Legislature and state agencies such as the California Air Resources Board and the California Energy Commission. She specializes in air quality and environmental health issues including: global warming and AB 32 implementation; heavy-duty diesel pollution; alternative fuel and zero emission vehicle programs; electricity generation and air pollution; indoor air pollution; and statewide and local air pollution control programs.. Q: What did the 2014 State of the Air report find about current state of air quality in California and the U.S.?. A: Too many people are breathing unhealthy air in Los Angeles, and throughout the country. While real and steady progress has been made, there is still a lot of work to do. Los Angeles continues to top the list of cities that have ...

After five months of negotiations behind closed doors, China has finally announced a detailed air pollution action plan to cut fine particle PM2.5 pollution and clear the skies above the country. The plan, for the first time, sets out to cut coal consumption in a way which could significantly affect Chinas upward coal-use trend, and even the future of our climate.. In Greenpeaces Beijing coal team we have campaigned for years to achieve this. After hearing about the negotiations we have been holding our collective breath while intensifying campaigning to increase public momentum of the air pollution debate. Even the negotiation process has been an unprecedented move in Chinese energy policy, juxtaposing the growing public demand for clean environment against the old policy of maximising the GDP.. Two years ago, when our coal campaign started, something like this would have been called, well, Greenpeace dreaming the impossible. But it has not come from nothing. It has taken unparalleled levels ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Survival After Ischemic Stroke. T2 - The China National Stroke Registry Cohort. AU - Chen, Gongbo. AU - Wang, Anxin. AU - Li, Shanshan. AU - Zhao, Xingquan. AU - Wang, Yilong. AU - Li, Hao. AU - Meng, Xia. AU - Knibbs, Luke D.. AU - Bell, Michelle L.. AU - Abramson, Michael J.. AU - Wang, Yongjun. AU - Guo, Yuming. PY - 2019/3/1. Y1 - 2019/3/1. N2 - Background and Purpose- China bears a heavy burden of stroke because of its large population of elderly people and the propensity for stroke. Previous studies have examined the association between air pollution and stroke mortality or hospital admission. However, the global evidence for adverse effects of air pollution on survival after stroke is scarce. Methods- We used the first national hospital-based prospective registry cohort of stroke in China, which included 12 291 ischemic stroke patients who visited hospitals during 2007 to 2008. All patients were followed for 1-year poststroke. Deaths ...

Posted on: 26th October 2015. One of the UKs leading human rights lawyers has said she is investigating human rights challenges against the British Government over its failure to tackle the devastating effects of air pollution on the nations health.. Jocelyn Cockburn of Hodge Jones & Allen says: Air pollution is a public health emergency which prematurely kills far more people than alcohol, obesity and road traffic accidents combined, and is second only to smoking as a cause of death in the UK. The fact that the Government has got away with failing to protect the public for so long is a scandal.. Ms Cockburn, who has a history of bringing landmark human rights cases against the Government having successfully fought to give British Troops protection under the Human Rights Act, says she has been examining the possibility of bringing a right to life challenge arising from the health impacts of air pollution.. In April a Supreme Court ruling found the UK in breach of EU standards on toxic ...

Did you know that air pollution can also cause lung cancer? Overwhelming evidence shows that particle pollution in the outdoor air we breathe-like that coming from vehicle exhaust, coal-fired power plants and other industrial sources-can cause lung cancer.

Elevated indoor air pollution levels due to the burning of biomass in developing countries are well established. Few studies have quantitatively assessed air pollution levels of improved cookstoves and examined these measures in relation to health effects. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 79 Honduran women cooking with traditional or improved cookstoves. Carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels were assessed via indoor and personal monitoring. Pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms were ascertained. Finger-stick blood spot samples were collected to measure C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. The use of improved stoves was associated with 63% lower levels of personal PM2.5, 73% lower levels of indoor PM2.5, and 87% lower levels of indoor carbon monoxide as compared to traditional stoves. Women using traditional stoves reported symptoms more frequently than those using improved stoves. There was no evidence of associations between cookstove type or air ...

Background Previous studies found effect modification of associations between traffic-related air pollution and cardiovascular outcomes by polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE). As...

The doctors letter concluded by listing 30 peer-reviewed studies establishing a clear link between air pollution and a range of serious adverse human health effects. Not surprisingly, Bartons office has failed to respond to the doctors.. (2) Utility industry lobbyists representing the Southern Company and the utility coalition, the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, have stated that there are no incremental health benefits associated with [EPAs mercury and air toxics standards]. These lobbyists have denied further that reducing power plants hazardous air pollution, including mercury, actually does anything to protect public health. The lobbyists even went so far as to dispute the association between premature deaths and particulate matter pollution.. Numerous medical organizations reject [pdf] these preposterous claims, including the American Lung Association, American Thoracic Society, American Public Health Association, the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, American ...

Researchers have shown for the first time that lung transplant patients in Europe who live on or near busy roads with high levels of air pollution are more likely to die or to experience chronic organ rejection, than those living in less polluted areas.. Dr David Ruttens, from the University of Leuven (Belgium) told the European Respiratory Societys International Congress today (29 September, 2015) that the risk of dying increased by 10% for patients living in an area where air pollution was above World Health Organization (WHO) recommended maximum levels, compared with patients living in areas with lower levels of pollution. However, this increased risk was not seen in lung transplant patients who were taking a class of antibiotics called macrolides, which include azithromycin and clarithromycin.. WHO estimates that 3.7 million people worldwide die prematurely every year as a result of exposure to small particulate matter measuring between 2.5-10 micrometers in diameter (known as PM10). Ten ...

Berkeley Air researchers conducted a study in Ciudadela de San Martin, Nicaragua, to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of two models of the EcoStove (or Ecofogon) - one fully open and one semi-closed - in reducing indoor air pollution (IAP). Using a randomized stove intervention trial, we evaluated the influence of stove type on kitchen air pollution levels and womens exposures to fine particulate matter.. Adjusting for the effects of study group, duration of cooking, burning trash, and average daily temperature, introduction of the closed EcoStove was associated with an 86% reduction in PM2.5 exposure, while the introduction of the semi-open model was associated with an 80% reduction (the difference was not significant). The two EcoStove models did have significantly different effects on kitchen levels of PM2.5 (p-value = 0.028), with the closed EcoStove reducing kitchen PM2.5 levels by 94% and the semi-open EcoStove reducing kitchen PM2.5 levels by 87%.. The magnitude of the exposure ...

Children whose parents perceived their lives as unpredictable, uncontrollable, or overwhelming had increased risk of new onset asthma associated with TRP and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Furthermore, susceptibility to TRP attributable to parental education was markedly attenuated after accounting for the susceptibility attributable to parental stress. While parental stress may influence the development of asthma in a child due to biological and behavioral pathways other than psychological stress in children (26), the observed pattern of susceptibility to air pollution based on stress was not explained by potentially relevant history of illness and a range of behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental risk factors for asthma. Although there were relatively few children with a history of in utero tobacco smoke exposure, significantly larger effects were observed both among children with low parental education and with high parental stress. Thus, common biological pathways may underlie the ...

Decision by U.S. Court of Appeals Forces EPA to Reconsider Loophole from Pollution Limits During Startups. Washington, D.C. - In a major victory for environmental organizations, a court today ruled that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency must go back to the drawing board and reconsider a loophole it created for power plants, allowing them to avoid complying with pollution limits on mercury, arsenic, and other hazardous air pollutants during plant startups.. The decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit does not immediately eliminate this loophole that EPA granted in 2014 for coal-fired power plants during their startup periods.. However, the decision means that EPA must now consider stronger air pollution control regulations. If EPA attempts to maintain the loophole, environmental groups believe that the agency will face an uphill battle in convincing the courts that the loophole is lawful.. Todays court decision is an important win for public health and ...

In October 2012, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a Research Training Institute on Household Air Pollution on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The three-day training workshop aimed to develop expertise in indoor air pollution research. Faculty experts from academia, nongovernmental organizations, NIH and other government agencies gave lectures and hands-on demonstrations of cookstoves and emissions testing to about 20 trainee scientists from the U.S. and seven developing countries.. ...

Air pollutants can cause adverse health effects worldwide (14, 91-94). Outdoor air pollution frequently occurs as a mixture of natural pollutants (e.g., from wildfires, volcanoes, biological decay, dust storms) and human-made pollutants (e.g., from motor vehicles, biomass burning, power plants, industrial facilities, waste incinerators, pesticides) (Figure 2 and refs. 9, 91, 95). Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) are typical outdoor air pollutants from fuel combustion or motor vehicle emissions.. Concern is increasing over indoor air pollution since some societies spend up to 90% of time inside exposed to pollutants from tobacco smoke, solid fuels, stoves, construction materials, ambient PM, and biological materials (mold spores, viruses and bacteria, animal dander, and HDMs) (91, 96). Indoor air pollution is determined partly by outdoor air quality depending on ventilation systems and cleaning practices. Additional environmental chemical ...

Prof. Kateryna Fuks from Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Germany will participate in 9th International conference on Skin Challenges 2018 which will be held in February 26 - 27, 2018 at Porto, Portugal. Prof. Fuks will give a presentation about Air pollution and skin aging: Role of different pollutants and inter-organ crosstalk.. Summary of Talk: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that ambient air pollution can aggravate signs of extrinsic skin aging, such as pigment spots or coarse wrinkles. Two major mechanisms have been suggested to explain this phenomenon. First, the outside-inside pathway, implies interactions of skin cells with pollutants, such as fine or ultrafine particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This could adversely affect skin state and trigger accelerated aging of skin structures. Second, the inside-outside mechanism, in which the reaction cascade, following air pollution exposure (such as systemic inflammation and oxidative ...

A new American Lung Association report highlights where the US stands on air pollution in 2014, revealing how a worrying 150 million people live with unhealthy air pollution levels. And it appears the situation has become worse since their last report in 2013.. The 2014 State of the Air report, out Wednesday 30th April, is a mix of good and bad news. While there have been some improvements in air quality compared to previous decades, a recent hike in ozone readings means 147.6 million US citizens suffer unhealthy air quality, 16 million more than in 2013.. The study looked at average year-round, 24/7 particulate pollution levels, examining the typical mix of small solid and liquid particles emitted from coal-fired energy plants and vehicle exhaust fumes. It also measured ozone and looked at smog. Fine particulates and ozone pollution both result in a rise in the risk of nasties like heart disease, lung cancer and asthma, making it a worrying trend.. ...

The growing demand for high efficiency air filtration systems comes alongside an increased focus on the health dangers of air pollution. Organizations such as the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have repeatedly warned the public against the hazards of air pollution

By Daniel K. Benjamin. Anyone who has experienced the summer smog of a major city has some sense of the costs of air pollution. As I have reported before in this column (March 2004), more precise estimates of these costs are scarce, but are slowly accumulating. Recent research by Janet Currie and Matthew Neidell (2005) adds significantly to our stock of knowledge, showing that some of the costs of pollution can come in the form of elevated infant mortality.. Currie and Neidell use data from California for the 1990s to investigate the impact of three key pollutants on infant mortality rates: carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), and ozone (O3). They find that although particulate matter and ozone have no discernible impact on infant deaths, exposure to higher levels of ambient carbon monoxide does elevate the infant mortality rate. Or, to consider the process in reverse: During the 1990s, emissions of CO in California were cut about 40 percent. ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between fine particulate matter and ischaemic heart disease. A literature search was conducted using six electronic databases (Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and the University of Queenslands online library. A list of important sources was compiled and reviewed, and the ten best resources selected, based on their focus on Chinese cities and the administrative city of Hong Kong. The other criterion used to select the articles was that they must address and contain at least one outcome of the relationship between particulate matter and ischaemic heart disease. The result of the review indicates that both types of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) have a strong association with ischaemic heart disease. Low and high concentrations of particulate matter have unhealthy effects on ischaemic heart disease mortality, morbidity, emergency visits and hospital admissions. Elderly subjects appear more ...

A common view in economic theory is that cleaning up air pollution - along with other environmental protections - creates a burden or tax on consumers as well as on those producing the pollution or environmental damage. But a new study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, The Impact of Air Pollution on Worker Productivity, flips that idea on its ear. Since they found that pollution significantly reduces worker productivity, they argue that cleaning up pollution would benefit the economy by improving labor conditions and investing in human capital.. The study is timely because the US Environmental Protection Agency has proposed setting a tougher standard for ground-level ozone, which is presently at 75 ppb (parts per billion) over an 8-hour period.. Joshua Graff Zivin and Matthew Neidell assessed how changes in ozone exposure affected the productivity of agricultural workers from Californias Central Valley, and the study provides the first rigorous assessment of this issue. The ...

Today we review a nation-wide assessment of the impact of fireworks on local air quality in the USA. Results indicate tht the particulates emitted during these displays increased particulate pollution by 42% on average, although individual cities had increases of 400% temporarily and other venues such as the International Fireworks Competition in Montreal and New Years Eve in Germany showed increases of 40 to 50 times more. As the particulate emissions from these eruptions last only for a few hours, the higher pollution levels are not counted in either the national air quality regulations (such as National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 in the USA or European Union PM10 air quality standard). Clearly short term air quality forecasts could be improved using the results from this study. In addition, spectators would be well advised to stay upwind from the fireworks to avoid polluted air and the health impacts that may result from breathing it ...

Pollution is … unused raw material. By reducing the amount of pollution, … [3M can] save money both on pollution control and on raw materials the next time around. Its a win-win situation So said Dr Joe Ling, 3Ms former Staff Vice President, Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control back in 1975. He was arguably the first individual to articulate the concept of pollution prevention.. It seems common place to us today, but back in the early 1970s, Joes belief that pollution prevention was more environmentally effective, technically sound and - crucially - economical than conventional pollution controls was considered revolutionary. In 1976, Dr. Ling first presented his ideas at a conference sponsored by the United Nations. Shortly after, he was approached by the director of the United Nations Environmental Program to develop a booklet explaining these theories for distribution to UN member nations and countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Sweden went on to adopt ...

India cannot afford to ignore the ominous evidences any more. There is enough evidence for us to act urgently to reduce the public health risks to children, elderly, poor and all of us. India will have to take action now to reverse the trend of short term effects as well as the long term toxic effects. Stringency and pace of action should be guided by the health risks consideration. The ongoing preparation for the 12th five year plan, expansion of the air quality monitoring programme, city initiatives on clean air action plans, framing of the post-2010 emissions regulations for vehicles are the opportunities to integrate health criteria to make air quality management more relevant to public health. Set targets to meet air quality standards in cities: Enforce National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The quantum of central assistance to states for implementation of the city action plan for clean air should be linked with the progress in implementation of pollution control measures. For this ...

Air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and benzene are emitted into the environment by motor vehicles. Air pollutants can contribute to urban air quality problems, such as photochemical smog and adversely affect human health. Further information on the impacts and sources of air pollutants is available from the Department of the Environment and Energy. National Pollutant Inventory data indicates that in Australia motor vehicles remain a major cause of air pollution in urban areas. However, not all vehicles contribute the same amount of air pollution to the atmosphere.. On the GVG, vehicles that meet a higher air pollution standard produce lower levels of harmful pollutants than vehicles of the same fuel type that meet a lower standard. The air pollution standard column reports on the standard to which the particular vehicle has been successfully certified in Australia.. Under Australias emission standards, vehicles fuelled by ...

This is bad, obviously. I want to remind you that all of the above numbers are for one year only. Every year, the population equivalent of Los Angeles dies because of pollution in their air. Every two years, you lose as many people as soldiers who died in World War I. How is it that in an age where technology has taken us so far, this continues to happen?. Part of the issue here is the out of sight, out of mind mentality. Unless you live in China, India, or another heavily-polluted country you may simply not consider the phenomenal toll that air pollution exacts from the human race. But you really shouldnt assume that youre safe if you live in a developed country with more stringent pollution standards. As Futurism points out, rising smog levels on the west coast of the USA are at least partially attributable to emissions from Asia. Oh, and by the way, some people are predicting that coal emissions from SE Asia are going to triple by the year 2030. If you live in the UK, youll be ...

This may not come as a surprise to many people, but the closer you are to a major road, the higher your exposure to air contaminants. In fact, according to a new report from the Metro Vancouver Regional District multiple traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) have been identified with adverse health effects. Living and spending time near a major roadway has been identified as a risk factor for a number of respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular problems.. Approximately half the population of Metro Vancouver lives near a major roadway.. Major roadways have more than 15,000 vehicles per day using them. In Langley, examples include 200th Street, 208th Street, the Langley Bypass, and Fraser Highway.. ...

With very low numbers of planes using Heathrow (97% down) over the past 3 months, due to the Covid lockdown, this has been an excellent opportunity to get data on air pollution - comparing days with, and without, the planes. Using data from Air Quality England, local group Stop Heathrow Expansion have found that five air quality monitors around Heathrow which breached the maximum legal limit in March - May 2019 have shown an average 41% improvement in the same period in 2020. Our current air quality laws state that nitrogen dioxide concentrations must not average more than 40 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3), per year. This level is often exceeded at a range of locations around Heathrow. Readings from a site on the Northern Perimeter Road showed a 50% improvement in air quality. Another site outside Cherry Lane Primary School had a 46% reduction in NO2 emissions, from 44.1µg/m3 in March - May 2019 to a safer 23.9 µg/m3 in the same period in 2020. As well as fewer planes, there were fewer road

While there are various types and degrees of Air Pollution, only those communities formally classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as Nonattainment or Maintenance Areas, or those communities / areas that regularly exceed or are near violating the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are listed on this web page.. The two main EPA criteria pollutants (pollutants that have EPA standards) impacting Alaska are Carbon Monoxide and Particulate Matter.. ...

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Cycling and other forms of active transportation provide health benefits via increased physical activity. However, direct evidence of the extent to which these benefits may be offset by exposure and intake of traffic-related air pollution is limited. The purpose of this study is to measure changes in endothelial function, measures of oxidative stress and inflammation, and lung function in healthy participants before and after cycling along a high- and low- traffic route. Participants (n = 38) bicycled for 1 h along a Downtown and a Residential designated bicycle route in a randomized crossover trial. Heart rate, power output, particulate matter air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) and particle number concentration (PNC) were measured. Lung function, endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index, RHI), C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine were assessed within one hour pre- and post-trial. Geometric mean PNC exposures and intakes were higher along the Downtown (exposure =

Breathing clean air is no longer a guarantee in the United States. Many of our most populated metropolitan areas, as well as some surprisingly less populated regions are considered to have unhealthy levels of ozone and particle pollution. According to the American Lung Association, 131.8 million people live in an area that gets an F rating on air quality. Major health risks such as asthma, heart attack, lung cancer, overall cardiovascular health, low birth weight, infant mortality and even premature death have all been linked to breathing polluted air.. There are a variety of factors that contribute to air pollution. Combustion engine vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses and jet airplanes produce toxic exhaust which creates smog and holes in the ozone layer. Factories, power plants, office buildings and personal residences also contribute to smog by burning fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Other contributing factors can include pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and dust from ...

This study examined short-term effects of urban air pollution in morning hours on schoolchildren and could therefore disregard fluctuations in ozone concentrations. Earlier studies in Linz 8, 10 have shown relatively low ambient ozone during school years and no possibility of examining elementary schoolchildren in the afternoon and during summer vacation when ozone was higher, but children less localisable. From morning tests of lung functions during the school year, no negative associations with ozone had been found (and some positive ones were spurious and caused by the inverse relationship between ozone and NO2). Mean daily oxygen concentrations ranged 0.3-30.5 µg·m−3 (median 4 µg·m−3). From earlier results at higher concentrations 8, the present sulphur dioxide exposure was considered to be negligible for changes in function of small airways.. The strong correlation between the three measures of particle mass and NO2 made it difficult to separate the impact of each exposure ...

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WEDNESDAY, April 22, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Parts of Europe with consistently high levels of air pollution have higher COVID-19 death rates, a new study finds.. The study compared confirmed COVID-19 deaths with air quality data, including satellite readings of nitrogen dioxide air pollution.. Nitrogen dioxide damages the respiratory tract and is known to cause many types of respiratory and heart diseases, according to study author Yaron Ogen. Hes a postdoctoral researcher at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany.. Since the novel coronavirus also affects the respiratory tract, it is reasonable to assume that there might be a correlation between air pollution and the number of deaths from COVID-19, Ogen said.. For the study, Ogen compared the nitrogen dioxide pollution data with COVID-19 deaths in Italy, France, Spain and Germany. Regions with a high number of COVID-19 deaths had high levels of nitrogen dioxide and low levels of air movement.. When we look at Northern ...

Research Report 196, Developing Multipollutant Exposure Indicators of Traffic Pollution: The Dorm Room Inhalation to Vehicle Emissions (DRIVE) Study, describes a study by Dr. Jeremy A. Sarnat that evaluated single- and multipollutant metrics of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants near and farther away from a major highway in Atlanta, as well as biological markers in a

Credit: NOAA GFDL]. Climate models such as those developed at GFDL can help researchers predict future levels of smog, enabling cost-benefit analyses for costly pollution control measures. The researchers compared results from a model called GFDL-AM3 to ozone measurements from monitoring stations over the course of the last 35 years, from 1980 to 2014.. Prior studies using global models poorly matched the ozone increases measured in western national parks. Lin and co-authors were able to match the measurements by narrowing their analysis to days when the airflow is predominantly from the Pacific Ocean.. Modeling the sources of air pollution can help explain where the ozone measured in the national parks is coming from, explained Lin. The model allows us to divide the observed air pollution into components driven by different sources, she said.. The team also looked at other contributors to ground-level ozone, such as global methane from livestock and wildfires. Wildfire emissions contributed ...

Above: San Diego County Air Pollution Control District Officer Bob Kard (left) and San Diego National Weather Service Incident Meteorlogist Rob Balfour (right) will make the call when weather conditions are ideal to burn bomb factory home in Escondido.. ...

The short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 30 European cities participating in the Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach (APHEA)-2 project were investigated.. The association was examined using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analysed separately, whereas in the second stage, the city-specific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity.. A significant association of NO2 with total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was found, with stronger effects on cause-specific mortality. There was evidence of confounding in respiratory mortality with black smoke and sulphur dioxide. The effect of NO2 on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities, and was larger when smoking prevalence was lower and household gas consumption ...

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The projects principal investigator is Luis Velarde, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry. Co-principal investigators are Gang Wu, PhD, assistant professor in Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Michel Dupuis, PhD, research professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering.. Traffic air pollution, genetic variation and autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing in the last few decades. In 2010, 1 out of 68 children in the United States was diagnosed with ASD. Improved diagnosis may partially explain the recent increase, while the complete understanding of ASD development and the reason for the rapid growing prevalence remains unclear.. Air pollution has been associated with various health effects including child development. In urban areas, traffic-related air pollutants (TRP) are the most important contributor to local air pollution and the principal source of intra-urban variation in air pollution ...

The number of carefully controlled measurement sites (24 areas) provide to the PAARC survey a large range of exposure level. Nevertheless, our results show the influence of exposure assessment on the estimation of the association between air pollution levels and 25 year mortality. For six areas, the NO/NO2 ratio of the monitoring data was high, suggesting that the exposure measure was heavily influenced by the local traffic and, so, non-representative of the mean exposure of the population of the entire area. NO is the principal component of the NOx emissions by cars. The somewhat arbitrary criteria (NO/NO2 ,3) we chose is an indication of the closeness of the station to a very busy roadside,22,25,26 and corresponds in the study to the upper quartile of all monitor stations. Our choice was reinforced by the fact that the stations with a high NO/NO2 ratio had a high (upper quartile) level of black smoke, too, suggesting an overestimation of the mean population exposure in the area (table 1). It ...

Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico have joined members of the National Park Service in an attempt to find out if air pollution is a possible culprit in the declining saguaro cactus forests of Arizona. The saguaro is the tall cactus with upraised arms that is almost the living symbol of southern Arizona and the neighboring desert of Sonora, Mexico.

Because much of the land surface and oceans on Earth are dark in color, they have a lower albedo and absorb a large amount of the solar energy that gets to them, reflecting only a small fraction of the Suns energy. Forests have low albedo, near 0.15. Snow and ice, on the other hand, are very light in color. They have very high albedo, as high as 0.8 or 0.9, so they reflect most of the solar energy that gets to them, absorbing very little.. The amount and type of aerosols in the atmosphere has an impact on the albedo of our planet. Earths planetary albedo is about 0.31. That means that about a third of the solar radiation that gets to Earth is reflected out to space and about two thirds is absorbed. Aerosols like black carbon have a low albedo and reflect very little solar energy. This air pollution is having an impact on Earths climate.. Scientists Ramanathan and Carmichael estimate that black carbon emissions are the second largest contributor to global warming, after carbon dioxide ...

Epidemiological studies demonstrate a significant association between arrhythmias and air pollution exposure. Sensitivity to aconitine-induced arrhythmia has been employed to examine the factors that increase the risk of such dysfunction. We used aconitine to test whether a single exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) would increase the risk of arrhythmia being triggered in hypertensive rats. We hypothesised that DE exposure increases the risk of arrhythmia due to sensory irritation during and after inhalation. Spontaneously hypertensive rats surgically implanted with radiotelemeters were exposed to 150 μg/m3 of DE or filtered air for 4 h. Arrhythmogenesis was assessed 24 h later in urethane-anaesthetised animals by continuous intravenous infusion of aconitine while heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored. Rats exposed to DE had lower HR when compared to air-exposed animals. Exposure to DE resulted in significantly shorter PR intervals, and significantly prolonged corrected QT ...

A number of environmental groups in California are calling on a government agency to better protect Los Angeles residents from the pollution generated by city-area fracking projects. Hydraulic Fracturing or Fracking, is a practice of harvesting oil or natural gas from the ground by pumping large amounts of a mixture of water, sand, and toxic chemicals. Critics say fracking is a serious threat to the health of people and the environment. Early in November, their case was underscored by the experience of federal regulators from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) who examined a fracking well near the USC campus. The inspectors suffered headaches, sore throats, and a variety of other ailments after being exposed to toxic air-borne chemicals from the well. Local groups want the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) to better monitor the air pollution from fracking and protect surrounding communities. Children are particularly vulnerable to some of the chemicals used. The groups ...

The impact of atmospheric pollution, including nitrogen deposition, on bracken fern herbivores has never been studied. Bracken fern is globally distributed and has a high potential to accumulate nitro

Prediction of the motion of contaminants (both gaseous particulate) in gas streams; analysis of ventilation systems and air pollution control systems; comparison of experimental sampling techniques. M E 405 Indoor Air Quality Engineering (3) This course serves as an introduction to environmental health engineering, which presents the quantitative relationships describing generation, movement, and control of pollutants inside the workplace. Although some aspects of the course can be applied to outdoor air pollution, the course concentrates on applications related to indoor air quality. In particular, students are taught how to measure and predict concentrations of air pollutants, both gaseous and particulate, in rooms. In addition, they are taught how to design both local and general ventilation systems to maintain acceptable indoor air quality. In addition, the design of air pollution control systems that remove both gaseous and particulate contaminants from the air is discussed.The ...