Aequorin, which luminesces in the presence of calcium, was injected into photoreceptor cells of Limulus ventral eye. A bright light stimulus elicited a large increase in aequorin luminescence, the aequorin response, indicating a rise of intracellular calcium ion concentration, Cai. The aequorin response reached a maximum after the peak of the electrical response of the photoreceptor, decayed during a prolonged stimulus, and returned to an undetectable level in the dark. Reduction of Cao reduced the amplitude of the aequorin response by a factor no greater than 3. Raising Cao increased the amplitude of the aequorin response. The aequorin response became smaller when membrane voltage was clamped to successively more positive values. These results indicate that the stimulus-induced rise of Cai may be due in part to a light-induced influx of Ca and in part to release of Ca from an intracellular store. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a rise in Cai is a step in the sequence of ...

Light emitting molecules are an indispensable part of detection and reporting in many fields and are employed in a variety of biomedical applications. Bioluminescent light, or living light, from bioluminescent proteins in particular has many beneficial characteristics, including their lack of a need for an outside excitation source and detection at as low as subattomole levels. Aequorin is a well-characterized bioluminescent photoprotein that has found application in in vitro and in vivo studies. Despite the many advantages of aequorin, its application has been limited by the finite number of canonical amino acids restricting the engineering of aequorin. In order to increase the applications of aequorin, we have taken established methods that hijack the cellular machinery used to synthesize proteins to incorporate non-natural amino acids. By site-specifically incorporating the non-natural amino acids L-4-aminophenylalanine, L-4-bromophenylalanine, L-4-iodophenylalanine, and L-4-methoxyphenylalanine,

... INTRODUCTION ...Many G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) trigger upon binding of an a...One of the methods of choice (reviewed by Mottheakis and Ohler 2000) ... ...,Cell,lines,expressing,recombinant,aequorin,and,a,G-protein,coupled,receptor,for,functional,screening,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory technology,biology device technology,latest biology technology

Growth patterns and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the mutant strain Aspergillus awamori 66A containing a recombinant aequorin gene were studied in the presence of a permeabilizing fungicidal agent amphotericin B. The cell response, i.e., changes in the growth and development of the fungus (initiation of spore germination, mycelial growth, and intensity of sporulation) was dose-dependent. Low concentrations of amphotericin B (2.5 μM) stimulated spore germination: the number of germinating spores was 2-3 times higher than in the control (without the fungicide). At higher amphotericin concentrations (20 μM) spore germination was inhibited. Amphotericin B had a dose-dependent effect on mycelial growth and sporulation intensity on solid Vogel medium. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of amphotericin B were investigated using the luminescence of the photoprotein aequorin. High concentrations of amphotericin B (10 and 20 μM) were shown to cause an instantaneous increase in Ca2+

GFP_AEQVI] Energy-transfer acceptor. Its role is to transduce the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer. Fluoresces in vivo upon receiving energy from the Ca(2+)-activated photoprotein aequorin. ...

Aequorin is a protein that contains coelenterazine as a luminescent compound and can be used for intracellular calcium ion detection. When three Ca2+ ions bind to the aequorin complex consisting of the 22 KD apoaequorin protein (APO), molecular oxygen and the luminophore coelenterazine, the latter is oxidized to coelenteramide with a concomitant release of CO2 and blue light. Since the intensity of bioluminescence emitted by aequorin upon calcium binding correlates with the Ca2+ concentration, a sensitive measurement of Ca2+ concentrations with a broad detection range (~0.1 µM to ,100 µM) is possible. Unlike fluorescent Ca2+ indicators, Ca2+-bound aequorin can be detected without illuminating the sample, thereby eliminating interference from autofluorescence ...

Ca2+ is a key regulator not only of multiple cytosolic enzymes, but also of a variety of metabolic pathways occurring within the lumen of intracellular organelles. Until recently, no technique to selectively monitor the Ca2+ concentration within defined cellular compartments was available. We have recently proposed the use of molecularly engineered Ca(2+)-sensitive photoproteins to obtain such a result and demonstrated the application of this methodology to the study of mitochondrial and nuclear Ca2+ dynamics. We here describe in more detail the use of chimeric recombinant aequorin targeted to the mitochondria. The technique can be applied with equivalent results to different cell models, transiently or permanently transfected. In all the cell types we analyzed, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) increases rapidly and transiently upon stimulation with agonists coupled to InsP3 generation. We confirm that the high speed of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation with this type of stimuli depends ...

Microdomains of high intracellular calcium ion concentration, [Ca2+]i, have been hypothesized to occur in living cells exposed to stimuli that generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Mitochondrially targeted recombinant aequorin was used to show that IP3-induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores caused increases of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]m, the speed and amplitude of which are not accounted for by the relatively small increases in mean [Ca2+]i. A similar response was obtained by the addition of IP3 to permeabilized cells but not by perfusion of cells with Ca2+ at concentrations similar to those measured in intact cells. It is concluded that in vivo, domains of high [Ca2+]i are transiently generated close to IP3-gated channels and sensed by nearby mitochondria; this may provide an efficient mechanism for optimizing mitochondrial activity upon cell stimulation. ...

Quincy Biosciecne Products Quincy Bioscience researches, develops and plans to market therapeutic compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease, stroke, Huntington s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). New therapeutics will be based on the calcium-binding protein aequorin. Calcium-binding proteins are important in the protection of certain cellular populations and decrease over the course of aging or disease progression. In June 2004, the company applied for its first patent on the aequorin technology. Research and development work is conducted in university laboratories in addition to Quincy Biosciences own facilities to fully develop the therapeutic applications of this technology. Aequorin acts in a protective manner similar to proteins that are depleted in humans with these diseases of aging. The dietary supplement Prevagen has been developed based on Quincy Bioscience s core technology and is slated for launch ...

Apoaequorin Reviews - Click here to read this exclusive Apoaequorin review! Does it work? Get the facts. Learn more about this product today!

Single rat hepatocytes microinjected with aequorin generate oscillations in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) when stimulated with agonists acting through the phosphoinositide signalling pathway. The duration of these transients has been shown to be characteristic of the stimulating agonist, so that transients of very different duration can be induced in the same individual hepatocyte by different agonists. In a previous study we have shown that ADP and ATP, which are believed to act through a single P2y-purinoceptor species, elicit very different [Ca2+]i responses in most of the hepatocytes. We have interpreted this as evidence for two Ca(2+)-mobilizing purinoceptors. The methylated derivative of ATP, adenosine 5′-[alpha beta-methylene]-triphosphate (pp[CH2]pA), is only a weak P2y-purinoceptor agonist. When 100 microM pp[CH2]pA was supplied to aequorin-injected hepatocytes, there was no effect on [Ca2+]i. However, 25 microM pp[CH2]pA co-supplied with ATP causes a potentiation of the ...

Rapid transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) levels in plant cells is an early signaling event triggered by many environmental cues including abiotic and biotic stresses. Cellular Ca2+ levels and their alterations can be monitored by genetically encoded reporter systems such as the bioluminescent protein, aequorin. Employment of proteinaceous Ca2+ sensors is usually performed in transgenic lines that constitutively express the reporter construct. Such settings limit the usage of these Ca2+ biosensors to particular reporter variants and plant genetic backgrounds, which can be a severe constraint in genetic pathway analysis. Here we systematically explored the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf mesophyll protoplasts, either derived from a transgenic apoaequorin-expressing line or transfected with apoaequorin reporter constructs, as a complementary biological resource to monitor cytoplasmic changes of Ca2+ levels in response to various biotic stress elicitors. We tested a range of ...

The subplasmalemmal spatiotemporal aspects of Ca2+ dynamics sensitive to [Ca2+]o were examined using cameleon and a FRET-based technique. Our observations appear to be consistent with those of a previous study using aequorin, in which a dramatic increase in [Ca2+]spm in A7r5 cells was detectable only when the sensor was expressed on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.3 Cameleon is superior to aequorin in terms of its imaging feasibility based on the intense fluorescence emitted from GFP mutants; consequently, subplasmalemmal Ca2+ waves were observed and characterized for the first time in this study. These subcortical Ca2+ waves cannot be detected by conventional imaging methods using indicators such as Indo-1, Fluo-4, or native YC that are nonspecifically loaded or expressed in the cytosol. Bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, which have been well described, basically consist of Ca2+ released from internal stores. Unlike the bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, the Ca2+ source for subplasmalemmal waves is ...

The subplasmalemmal spatiotemporal aspects of Ca2+ dynamics sensitive to [Ca2+]o were examined using cameleon and a FRET-based technique. Our observations appear to be consistent with those of a previous study using aequorin, in which a dramatic increase in [Ca2+]spm in A7r5 cells was detectable only when the sensor was expressed on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.3 Cameleon is superior to aequorin in terms of its imaging feasibility based on the intense fluorescence emitted from GFP mutants; consequently, subplasmalemmal Ca2+ waves were observed and characterized for the first time in this study. These subcortical Ca2+ waves cannot be detected by conventional imaging methods using indicators such as Indo-1, Fluo-4, or native YC that are nonspecifically loaded or expressed in the cytosol. Bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, which have been well described, basically consist of Ca2+ released from internal stores. Unlike the bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, the Ca2+ source for subplasmalemmal waves is ...

If we are going to be revising the charter, I propose we rename the newsgroup bionet.molbio.proteins.luminescent to cover both photoluminescence (aka fluorescence) and chemiluminescence (bioluminescence). While the present charter stresses bioluminescence, 90% of the discussions have been devoted to GFP and various bioengineered variants. This is not a problem, but it might confuse people looking for bioluminescent proteins. I strongly support some sort of moderation to remove the spams. --John ...

How researchers are applying new methods for protein tagging to monitor GPCR internalization and to search for drugs that interfere with receptor trafficking. Bioluminescent protein tagging methods simplify and expedite screening for drugs that modulate hunger and energy homeostasis.

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The protein encoded by this gene is a G-protein coupled receptor involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. The encoded protein binds the hypothalamic neuropeptides

Bioluminescent proteins (BLPs) widely exist in many living organisms. As BLPs are featured by the capability of emitting lights, they can be served as biomarkers and easily detected in biomedical research, such as gene expression analysis and signal transduction pathways. Therefore, accurate identification of BLPs is important for disease diagnosis and biomedical engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel accurate sequence-based method named PredBLP (Prediction of BioLuminescent Proteins) to predict BLPs. We collect a series of sequence-derived features, which have been proved to be involved in the structure and function of BLPs. These features include amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, sequence motifs and physicochemical properties. We further prove that the combination of four types of features outperforms any other combinations or individual features. To remove potential irrelevant or redundant features, we also introduce Fisher Markov Selector together with Sequential Backward

Dense core granules of exocrine cells are a potential source of calcium, and results to date have been controversial regarding whether the calcium in these organelles is involved in controlling the cytosolic calcium concentration. Mitchell et al. developed a fusion protein between the dense core transmembrane protein VAMP and the calcium-sensitive bioluminescent protein aequorin in order to visualize calcium in the dense core granules of a pancreatic β cell line. Vesicular free [Ca2+] was approximately 50 μM, significantly lower than endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi free [Ca2+]. Vesicular [Ca2+] increased when calcium was reintroduced to the cells following calcium depletion. Uptake required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and was inhibited by high concentrations of orthovanadate, but not by the ER Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin or by agents that altered intravesicular pH or elevations in Na+ concentration, suggesting that the uptake does not occur through a Ca2+/H+ exchanger or through a ...

Green Fluoroscent Protein:. · The GFP was first discovered from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. But it is also present in other organisms.. · The Aequorea victoria contains two luminescent proteins.. 1) Aequorin. 2) GFP, i.e. Green Fluoroscent Protein. · Aequorin, when interacts with Ca+2, it emits flashes of the blue light.. · The GFP aquires energy from Aequorin and emits green light.. Structure of GFP:. · The GFP from Aequorea victoria has an 11 stranded beta-barrel structure, with a alpha-helix running up the axis of the barrel.. · The chromophore is attached to alpha-helix in the center of barrel, few amino acids make the chromophore.. · The chromophore has Serine, Tyrosine and Glycine at the position 65; 66 and 67 respectively.. · 4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-imidazolidin-5-one attached to protein backbone through 1 and 2 position of the ring.. · Chromophore has hydrogen-bonding with amino acid residue and water molecules.. ...

BioAssay record AID 632132 submitted by ChEMBL: Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay.

Safety assessment of Apoaequorin, a protein preparation: subchronic toxicity study in rats. - Daniel L Moran, Palma Ann Marone, Mark R Bauter, Madhu G Soni

Direct knowledge of Ca2+ patterns in vertebrate development is largely restricted to early stages, in which they control fertilization, ooplasmic segregation and cleavage. To explore new roles of Ca2+ in vertebrate development, we injected the Ca2+ indicator aequorin into zebrafish eggs and imaged Ca2+ throughout the first day of development. During early cleavages, a high Ca2+ zone is seen in the cleavage furrows. The high Ca2+ zone during first cleavage spreads as a slow wave (0.5 microm/second) and is preceded by three Ca2+ pulses within the animal pole region of the egg. When Ca2+ concentrations are clamped at the resting level by BAPTA buffer injection into the zygote, all signs of development are blocked. In later development, Ca2+ patterns are associated with cell movements during gastrulation, with neural induction, with brain regionalization, with formation of the somites and neural keel, with otic placode formation, with muscle movements and with formation of the heart. Particularly ...

Prevagen has been touted as a dietary supplement that helps to improve memory. Does Prevagen work?. Prevagen is a dietary supplement made by Quincy Bioscience, a company based in Wisconsin. It contains apoaequorin, a protein derived from a jellyfish. Evidence cited by Quincy Bioscience that Prevagen is effective is reported in a study in 2016. This study was not published in any journal.. The goal of the study was to determine whether the active ingredient of Prevagen, apoaequorin, improves cognitive function in older adults who have normal or near normal memory function. In this study, healthy adults ages 40-91 with memory concerns were examined by cognitive tests over a period of 90 days. People with neurological diseases and other conditions were excluded from the study population.. The authors reported that there were significant improvements in cognitive function in people treated with the study chemical compared to those who were not.. Limitations of this study include:. The study duration ...

Prevagen has been touted as a dietary supplement that helps to improve memory. Does Prevagen work?. Prevagen is a dietary supplement made by Quincy Bioscience, a company based in Wisconsin. It contains apoaequorin, a protein derived from a jellyfish. Evidence cited by Quincy Bioscience that Prevagen is effective is reported in a study in 2016. This study was not published in any journal.. The goal of the study was to determine whether the active ingredient of Prevagen, apoaequorin, improves cognitive function in older adults who have normal or near normal memory function. In this study, healthy adults ages 40-91 with memory concerns were examined by cognitive tests over a period of 90 days. People with neurological diseases and other conditions were excluded from the study population.. The authors reported that there were significant improvements in cognitive function in people treated with the study chemical compared to those who were not.. Limitations of this study include:. The study duration ...

FDSS Application Note No.1 Chloride ion sensitive fluorescent dye for Drug Screening [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.2 CoroNa Red as a potential probe for intracellular sodium imaging [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.3 FRET-based Voltage Sensor dyes for Drug Screening [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.4 FDSS Cell dispensing unit for Aequorin Flash luminescence [0.4MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.5 COX flash luminescence screening [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.6 Direct comparison of Fast response and Slow response Membrane potential dye using the FDSS6000 [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.7 Multiplexing Calcium Mobilization and Membrane Potential Assays Using the FDSS6000 [0.3MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.8 Comparison of No Wash Reagent Kits on the FDSS6000 [0.4MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.9 Effect of Plate Mixing, Fluid Addition Height and Speed on Reducing Addition Artifacts and Negative Control Drift Using the FDSS6000 [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note ...

Mark Underwood of Quincy Bioscience figured out that giving aequorin to rats through the golden months of their lives helped them hang onto the ability to perform tricks despite their advancing age. Rats normally get less tricky as they age because they lose their calcium-binding proteins, allowing free calcium to ravage their brains, which lets the tricks leak out. But rats plus jellyfish protein equals peak performance at mazes and bells throughout the lifespan ...

The role of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in paired pulse potentiation of ferret ventricular muscle.: 1. Stimulation of cardiac muscle with pairs of stimuli (paired puls

The appeal that Prevagen is making to consumers is a very old one: basically, they want you to think that if a protein is used in your brain, then eating that protein will make your brain healthier (even though apoaequorin is not a human protein). By this argument, I could package up hundreds of different proteins (perhaps thousands-the brain is a complex organ) and sell them as brain food This simplistic principle has been used for centuries in folk medicine: its the reason why some people think that eating the body parts of bears and tigers will make them more virile. But eating tiger organs doesnt make you more like a tiger. Its a form of magical thinking, and theres simply no science to support it. In short, its just wrong ...

The appeal that Prevagen is making to consumers is a very old one: basically, they want you to think that if a protein is used in your brain, then eating that protein will make your brain healthier (even though apoaequorin is not a human protein). By this argument, I could package up hundreds of different proteins (perhaps thousands-the brain is a complex organ) and sell them as brain food This simplistic principle has been used for centuries in folk medicine: its the reason why some people think that eating the body parts of bears and tigers will make them more virile. But eating tiger organs doesnt make you more like a tiger. Its a form of magical thinking, and theres simply no science to support it. In short, its just wrong ...

Life, on the most basic level, is incredibly simple in theory yet vastly complex in practice. DNA is made out of only four nucleic acids: adenine which pai

The ability of labeled DNA or RNA probes to bind with high affinity and specificity to complementary nucleic acid sequences forms the basis of nucleic acid hybridization assays. Immunoassays, on the other hand, exploit the strong and specific interaction between antigens and antibodies. One aspect of this dissertation deals with enhancement of the sensitivity of bioluminescence hybridization assays based on the photoprotein aequorin. This is achieved by introducing, enzymatically, multiple aequorin labels per DNA hybrid. The bound aequorin is determined by its characteristic bioluminescence. An 8-fold improvement in sensitivity is observed with the amplified assay as compared to an assay without the amplification step. Another aspect of this dissertation involves the development of two novel microtiter well-based DNA hybridization assays in which an expressible cDNA fragment encoding firefly luciferase serves as a reporter molecule. The reporter molecule undergoes in vitro expression through coupled

Comments, concepts and statistics about Genomic organization, evolution, and expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi: a new view of ctenophore photocytes.

Exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to alkaline stress resulted in adaptive changes that involved remodeling the gene expression. Recent evidence suggested that the calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin could play a role in alkaline stress signaling. By using an aequorin luminescence reporter, we showed that alkaline stress resulted in a sharp and transient rise in cytoplasmic calcium. This increase was largely abolished by addition of EGTA to the medium or in cells lacking Mid1 or Cch1, components of the high affinity cell membrane calcium channel. Under these circumstances, the alkaline response of different calcineurin-sensitive transcriptional promoters was also blocked. Therefore, exposure to alkali resulted in entry of calcium from the external medium, and this triggered a calcineurin-mediated response. The involvement of calcineurin and Crz1/Tcn1, the transcription factor activated by the phosphatase, in the transcriptional response triggered by alkalinization has ...

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a well-established method for investigating protein-protein interactions. Here we present a BRET approach to monitor ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of living cells made possible by the use of fluorescent ligands in combination with a bioluminescent protein (NanoLuc) that can be readily expressed on the N terminus of GPCRs.. ...

Repolarization alternans has been considered a strong marker of electrical instability. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that ischemia-induced contrasting effects on the kinetics of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium transient (Ca(i)T) can explain the vulnerability of the ischemic heart to repolarization alternans. Ischemia-induced changes in action potential (AP) and Ca(i)T resulting in alternans were investigated in perfused Langendorff guinea pig hearts subjected to 10-15 min of global no-flow ischemia followed by 10-15 min of reperfusion. The heart was stained with 100 microl of rhod-2 AM and 25 microl of RH-237, and AP and Ca(i)T were simultaneously recorded with an optical mapping system of two 16 x 16 photodiode arrays. Ischemia was associated with shortening of AP duration (D) but delayed upstroke, broadening of peak, and slowed decay of Ca(i)T resulting in a significant increase of Ca(i)T-D. The changes in APD were spatially heterogeneous in contrast to a

MeSH-minor] Animals. Drug Administration Schedule. Enzyme Activation. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / antagonists & inhibitors. Female. Genes, Reporter. Genes, p53. Green Fluorescent Proteins. Humans. Injections, Spinal. Luminescent Proteins / analysis. Luminescent Proteins / genetics. Mice. Mice, Nude. Neoplasm Proteins / physiology. Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / physiology. Signal Transduction. Transcription, Genetic. Tumor Cells, Cultured. Virus Replication. Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays. eIF-2 Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors. eIF-2 Kinase / ...

The invention relates to the staining of poly(amino acids), including peptides, polypeptides and proteins in gels and on solid supports, using neutral or anionic complexes of transition metals.

ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.. About ASM , Contact Us , Press Room. ASM is a member of. ...

Thyroid Hormones , Tumor Markers , Reproductive Endocrinology , Diabetes , Infectious Disease , Cardiac Markers , Adrenal/Pituitary , Bone Metabolism , TDM , Anemia , LIA Other Analytes , Nucleic acid quantification , Aequorin Ca++ assays , Ion channels / GPCR´s , Two-Hybrid / Protein - protein interaction , Apoptosis / Cell viability / Cell cytotoxicity , ATP determination , Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ...

AequoScreen Double Transfected Cell Line: Human recombinant 5-HT3A receptor in aequorin HEK-293 host cell.. We provide two vials of cryopreserved cells (approximately 2.5 x 106 cells/vial), detailed product information including cell line properties, culture conditions and the pharmacological properties of the recombinant channel in a functional assay.. All cell lines are tested for the absence of mycoplasma.. Terms and conditions apply. Some of our receptors may be restricted for sale in specified countries. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. Features:. ...

These cells express a novel variant of clytin, a calcium-activated photoprotein, to enable sensitive luminescent detection of ligand-induced calcium flux. The clytin contains a mutation that increases its affinity for calcium to a level that permits detection of cytosolic calcium in many cells with greater sensitivity than other mitochondrially expressed photoproteins. Luminescent calcium assays offer several advantages over fluorescent calcium assays including increased sensitivity and lack of interference

AequoScreen parental cells stably expressing the mitochondrially targeted apoaequorin and the G-protein Ga16 for flash-luminescence assay. Recombinant, in CHO-K1 host cell. GPCRs of your choice can be transiently / stably transfected into this cell line. Following GPCR stimulation, increases in intracellular calcium enable measurement of the resulting flash luminescence signal. Two vials of cryopreserved cells are shipped per order. Terms and conditions apply. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. ...

Individuals think, well, its natural, so it needs to work. This substance from one includes an essence from jellyfish and appears to have some kind of enchanting, science, fantasy kind of idea that it has to aid. I find that entertaining since why would certainly you assume that a protein from a primitive life form like a jellyfish would certainly have anything to do with the human mind? The substance concerned, apoaequorin (noticable a-po-ah-kwor-in), is a protein as well as it is undoubtedly broken down in the belly as well as not also taken in as an intact particle. Its broken down into amino acids, so it actually can not have any result in the human.. ...

V. Viviani et al. [Biochemistry 38 (1999) 8271] were the first to succeed in cloning the red-emitting enzyme from the South American railroad worm, which is the only bioluminescent organism known to emit a red-colored light. The application of red bioluminescence has been our goal because the transmittance of longer-wavelength light is superior to that of the other colors for visualization of biological functions in living cells. Now, different color luciferases, which emit with wavelength maxima ranging from 400 to 630 nm, are available and are being used. For example, based on different color luciferases, Nakajima et al. developed a tricolor reporter in vitro assay system based on these different color luciferases in which the expression of three genes can be monitored simultaneously. On the other hand, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a natural phenomenon caused by the intermolecular interaction between a bioluminescent protein and a fluorophore on a second protein, ...

Accepted worldwide for its reliability, the FDSS is capable of 1536-well format and high-sensitivity luminescence measurements. The FDSS (Functional Drug Screening System) series are designed for cell-based assays in the drug discovery field. These instruments optically detect intracellular reactions and biological signal transmissions, and are used as screening systems to discover new lead compounds which could be candidates for new drugs. The FDSS7000EX is our high-end model capable of handling 1536-well assays and measuring both fluorescence and luminescence, and is equipped with a variety of functions such as multiple washing. Many kinds of suspended/adherent cells real-time kinetic reactions can be measured and analyzed. Various optional parts such as FRET, robot connections, etc. are available. In addition, the FDSS7000EX is expandable for future upgrades. Applications Intracellular calcium ion Membrane potential Ion channel Aequorin Luciferase FRET Suspended cell Applications Do more ...

AequoScreen® Double Transfected Cell Line: Human recombinant P2Y11 receptor in aequorin 1321N1 host cell. We provide two vials of cryopreserved cells (approximately 2.5 x 106 cells/vial), detailed product information including cell line properties, culture conditions and the pharmacological properties of the recombinant receptor in a functional assay. All cell lines are tested for the absence of mycoplasma. Terms and conditions apply. Some of our receptors may be restricted for sale in specified countries. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. Features:. ...

Female rats were fed for 21 days on 5 semi-synthetic diets containing 8 or 30% proteins, 1 or 25% lipids respectively, the… Expand ...

If you have a ferret, then this article is for you! We answer 10 FAQs about when do ferrets shed. How much do they shed? Why does it happen? And more