There are no specific protocols for Recombinant Human Adrenodoxin protein (ab87670). Please download our general protocols booklet

Polycistronic expression of mitochondrial steroidogenic p450scc system in the hek293t cell line / V. Efimova, L. Isaeva, A. Labudina et al. // Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. - 2019. - Vol. 120, no. 3. - P. 3124-3136. Abstract The cholesterol hydroxylase/lyase (CHL) system, which consists of cytochrome P450scc, adrenodoxin (Adx) and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR), initiates mammalian steroidogenesis, converting cholesterol to pregnenolone. The FMDV 2A-based method allows for the expression of multiple proteins from a single transcript. We developed a 2A-based multicistronic system for the co-expression of three bovine CHL system proteins as the self-processing polyprotein pCoxIV-P450scc-2A-Adx-2A-AdR-GFP (pCoxIV-CHL-GFP), with a cleavable N-terminal mitochondrial targeting presequence. HEK293-T cells transfected with plasmid, containing cDNA for pCoxIV-CHL-GFP, efficiently performed the expression of P450scc-2A, which was localized in mitochondria, and Adx-2A, AdR-GFP and the fusion protein ...

Adrenodoxin, Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase, Hydrogen Bonding, Kinetics, Molecular Weight, Protein Conformation, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Ultracentrifugation, ...

1E1M: Crystal Structures of Adrenodoxin Reductase in Complex with Nadp+ and Nadph Suggesting a Mechanism for the Electron Transfer of an Enzyme Family

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This gene encodes a small iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons from NADPH through ferredoxin reductase to mitochondrial cytochrome P450, involved in steroid, vitamin D, and bile acid metabolism. Pseudogenes of this functional gene are found on chromosomes 20 and 21. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011 ...

Summary The data concerning the structure of the mitochondrial desmolase complex, which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone has been described. The desmolase contains: NADPH dependent adrenodoxin reductase (AdxR), soluble adrenodoxin (Adx) and cytochrom P450 of the CYP 11 gene family. The crystal structure of the desmolase components, as well as the electron transportmechanism conducted by this complex, were recently established; the mechanisms which regulate the desmolase activity are fragmentally recognized, however, tissue specific regulatory systems exist. The main factor limiting desmolase activity, recently discovered, is the delivery of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. This system depends on a permanent synthesis of cholesterol transporting protein StAR (in adrenals) or proteins with a similar function in other tissues (eg. placenta ...

The first step of the synthesis of cardiac glycosides is the cleavage of the side-chain of the sterol serving as the substrate of the reaction. Radio-labelled cholesterol is metabolised in Digitalis-plants to pregnenolone and further to cardiac glycosides. Nothing is known of the mechanism of side-chain cleavage in the plant. The side-chain cleavage is the first step of the synthesis of sex hormones, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in vertebrates. The components of these system of side-chain cleavage are well known. It consists of adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin and the side-chain cleaving enzyme CYP11A1. Aim of the work presented here was to gain the sequence of the side-chain cleaving enzyme of Digitalis lanata by use of bovine adrenodoxin as a bait in a two-hybrid screening. The two-hybrid cDNA library that was to be used was generated. Homology search of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana with the sequence of bovine adrenodoxin resulted in the finding of two sequences of ...

A heme-thiolate protein (cytochrome P-450). The reaction proceeds in three stages, with two hydroxylations at C-22 and C-20 preceding scission of the side-chain between carbons 20 and 22. The initial source of the electrons is NADPH, which transfers the electrons to the adrenodoxin via EC 1.18.1.6, adrenodoxin-NADP+ reductase ...

Adrenodoxin, Escherichia Coli, Kinetics, Molecular Cloning, Point Mutation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Protein Binding, Recombinant Proteins, Structure-Activity ...

Residues 10-304 span seven regions of similarity to blocks BL00573 A-E, which encompass pyridine nucleotide disulphide oxidoreductases class-II proteins. Residues 6-174 span several regions of similarity to blocks for aromatic-ring hydrolases, pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases class-I, bacterial-type phytoene dehydrogenases, adrenodoxin reductase family signatures, FMO signatures, fumarate reductase/succinate dehydrogenase FAD-binding site proteins, flavin-containing amine oxidase signatures ...

Markers of types I and III collagen turnover were measured in serial blood samples in 16 patients with a Colles fracture. The collagen markers were the carboxy-terminal extension peptide of type I...

S cerevisiae YAH1 protein: homologous to adrenodoxin; isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; amino acid sequence in first source

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Pregnenolone is biochemically, the mother hormone, made directly from cholesterol within the mitochondria of the adrenal glands and, in small part, of the nervous system, with the help of the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, p450scc. Pregnenolone being a precursor to various hormones, such as progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens, can help the body to maintain normal hormone levels, which in turn help numerous body functions. Supplement Facts Serving Size 1 capsule Servings Per Container 100 Amount Per Serving Pregnenolone 100 mg Dosage and Use Take one capsule daily preferably early in the day on an empty stomach, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner. Warning Keep out of reach of childern. Do not exceed recommended dose. Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged. If you have a bad reaction to product discontinue use immediately. When using nutritional supplements, please inform your physician if you are undergoing treatment

Unscramble ferredoxins, Unscramble letters ferredoxins, Point value for ferredoxins, Word Decoder for ferredoxins, Word generator using the letters ferredoxins, Word Solver ferredoxins, Possible Scrabble words with ferredoxins, Anagram of ferredoxins

MSF兔多克隆抗体(ab114099)可与人样本反应并经IP, IHC实验严格验证。中国75%以上现货，所有产品均提供质保服务，可通过电话、电邮或微信获得本地专属技术支持。

In many places, MSF is able to have an impact beyond its immediate activities, reaching populations or pioneering the use of practices that have far-reaching and lasting consequences.

TY - JOUR. T1 - The orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homolog-1, regulates cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 enzyme in human granulosa cells. AU - Kim, Joung W.. AU - Havelock, Jon C.. AU - Carr, Bruce R.. AU - Attia, George R.. PY - 2005/3/1. Y1 - 2005/3/1. N2 - After ovulation, there is a shift in ovarian steroidogenesis from an estrogen-producing ovarian follicle to a progesterone-producing corpus luteum. The first step in human ovarian steroidogenesis is catalyzed by cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (CYP11A1) enzyme. Steroidogenic factor-1 is an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates several steroidogenic enzymes, including CYP11A1. Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) is another orphan nuclear receptor that is expressed in the human ovary. After ovulation there is a down-regulation in steroidogenic factor-1, which is associated with an up-regulation of LRH-1 expression. These changes coincide with increased level of CYP11A1 expression in human corpus luteum. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells. AU - Ohashi, Masao. AU - Simpson, Evan R.. AU - Kramer, Robert E.. AU - Carr, Bruce R.. N1 - Funding Information: 1 Supported, in part, by USPHS Grants HD13234 and HD11149. Supported, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid from the Chilton Foundation. Abbreviations used: BAC, bovine adrenocortical cells; ACTH, corticotropin; LDL, low-density lipo-. PY - 1982/4/15. Y1 - 1982/4/15. N2 - Bovine adrenocortical cells in monolayer culture produce cortisol and respond to corticotropin (ACTH) by an increase in cortisol secretion. Several lines of evidence are indicative that much of the cholesterol that serves as precursor for steroid hormone biosynthesis by these cells is derived from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol that is taken up endocytotically by means of specific receptors localized in bovine adrenocortical plasma membranes. ACTH stimulated this process concomitant with an increase in steroid ...

17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a 21-carbon steroid that is converted from pregnenolone by cytochrome P450 17alpha hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17, EC 1.14.99.9). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids. The first, rate-limiting and hormonally regulated step in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. The conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is accomplished by the cleavage of the cholesterol side chain, catalyzed by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme termed P450scc where scc designates Side Chain Cleavage. All steroid hormones are made from the pregnenolone produced by P450scc; thus, the presence or absence of each of the activities of CYP17 directs this pregnenolone towards its final metabolic pathway. While all cytochrome P450 enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions on a single active site, CYP17 is the only one described to date in which ...

Adrenavive II, Bovine Adrenal Cortex 125mg (90 Capsules) Adrenavive II contains 125mg of freeze-dried Bovine Adrenal Cortex per capsule, from Procepts proprietary farm sources in Europe. Our grass-fed cattle are reared as nature intended, without the use of growth-promoting hormones or antibiotics. For most of the year they are free to range on natural grass pastures and whilst protected indoors during the winter months, they are fed naturally fermented grass (silage). The whole adrenal glands are collected by EU approved abattoirs, before careful removal of the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is then freeze-dried and processed at low temperatures to carefully preserve its raw nutritional value. Pure, Simple, Quality Nutrition Free-range bovine adrenal cortex Grass fed on natural pastures Reared without the use of growth promoting hormones or antibiotics No solvent, enzymatic or heat-based removal of fats Nothing is removed. Just raw, premium quality, adrenal cortex, processed at

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by mutations in cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1 and old name, SCC). Errors in cholesterol side chain cleavage by the mitochondrial resident CYP11A1 results in an inadequate amount of pregnenolone production. This study was performed to evaluate the cause of salt-losing crisis and possible adrenal failure in a pediatric patient whose mother had a history of two previous stillbirths and loss of another baby within a week of birth. CAH can appear in any population in any region of the world. The study was conducted at Memorial University Medical Center and Mercer University School of Medicine. The patient was admitted to Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic due to salt-losing crisis and possible adrenal failure. The patient had CAH, an autosomal recessive disease, due to a novel mutation in exon 5 of the CYP11A1 gene, which generated a truncated protein of 286 amino acids compared with wild-type protein that has 521 amino acids (W286X). ...

proteopedia link. proteopedia link. Israel Hanukoglu, Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel Fields of expertise: Epithelial sodium channel, steroidogenic enzymes, keratin and intermediate filament structure, mitochondrial cytochromes P450 Personal web site: http://www.science.co.il/hi/ ...

Aldosterone Synthase: A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 18-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-specific flavoprotein. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11B2 gene, is important in the conversion of CORTICOSTERONE to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and the subsequent conversion to ALDOSTERONE.

The biosynthesis of steroid hormones is an integral component of insect growth, development and reproduction. Although there is an abundance of biochemical data implicating both microsomal and mitochondrial cytochrome P450s in steroid metabolism, molecular genetic information on mitochondrial P450s is almost entirely limited to vertebrate sequences. In the current study, a degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer was targeted to the highly conserved region of P450 genes that encodes the heme-binding decapeptide. Using a 5 rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach, seven novel cytochrome P450 genes were isolated from Drosophila acanthoptera, including one sequence (CYP12B1) with high regional homology to vertebrate mitochondrial P450s. Sequence analysis of the conceptual translation of the full length gene, obtained by 5RACE, revealed an amphipathic NH2-terminus rich in basic and hydrophilic amino acids, a characteristic feature of mitochondrial P450s that distinguishes them ...

Malaviya et al.[10] present a mechanism for the biotransformation of β-sitosterol to AD by the Mycobacterium. The side chain cleavage, which is the main step, requires the regeneration of cofactors such as NAD+ and FAD. This process starts by hydroxylating the C27, which is then oxidized to a carbonyl group. Then the C28 is carboxylated.[10] The numbering convention can be seen in Figure 6. The presence of sitosterol helps to induce the two enzymatic reactions. The first of these is catalyzed by three enzymes, while the second is dependent on the dissolved CO2 concentration. In Mycobacterium, side chain cleavage of β-sitosterol can be induced by propionate or by propinyl-SCoA. Dissolved CO2 (1%) affects the yield of AD positively, possibly because excess aeration changes the way the cell metabolizes the substrate. Through the cleavage of one sitosterol, 3 molecules of propionyl-SCoA, 3 molecules of FADH2 , 3 molecules of NADH, and one molecule of acetic acid were created. These products can ...

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC-HCl or EDAC-HCl) is a zero-length crosslinker (CAS # 25952-53-8) used to conjugate carboxyl functional groups to primary amines as found in peptides and proteins.

MSF Paediatric Days The MSF Paediatric Days is an event for paediatric field staff, policy makers and academia to exchange ideas, align efforts, inspire and share frontline research to advance urgent paediatric issues of direct concern for the humanitarian field.. GO TO SITE MSF Paediatric Days ...

Evaluation reports are either openly accessible via download, or accessible via MSFs internal Sharepoint, which is mainly due to the sensitive nature of the operational contexts and resulting content. If you are an association member in MSF, reports are made available on various associate platforms such as www.insideOCB.com.

Evaluation reports are either openly accessible via download, or accessible via MSFs internal Sharepoint, which is mainly due to the sensitive nature of the operational contexts and resulting content. If you are an association member in MSF, reports are made available on various associate platforms such as www.insideOCB.com.

Evaluation reports are either openly accessible via download, or accessible via MSFs internal Sharepoint, which is mainly due to the sensitive nature of the operational contexts and resulting content. If you are an association member in MSF, reports are made available on various associate platforms such as www.insideOCB.com.

Evaluation reports are either openly accessible via download, or accessible via MSFs internal Sharepoint, which is mainly due to the sensitive nature of the operational contexts and resulting content. If you are an association member in MSF, reports are made available on various associate platforms such as www.insideOCB.com.

S.; Hoshita, N.; Okuda, K.: Enzymatic characteristics of CO-sen - sitive 26-hydroxylase system for 5b-cholestane-3a,7a,12a-triol in rat-liver mitochondria and its intramitochondrial localization.. Recently Uploaded Slideshows. ...

In a new report, No time to lose, MSF reveals how the AIDS deaths toll is stagnating due to a lack of basic testing at a community level.

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0081]The term self-antigen refers to an immunogenic peptide derived from a protein of said individual. It may be, by way of example, an auto-antigen of the following non-limiting list: acetylcholine receptor, actin, adenin nucleotide translocator, β-adrenoreceptor, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, asioaloglycoprotein receptor, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPi), calcium sensing receptor, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, collagen type IV Oy-chain, cytochrome P450 2D6, desmin, desmoglein-1, desmoglein-3, F-actin, GM-gangliosides, glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate receptor, H/K ATPase, 17-[alpha]-hydroxylase, 21-hydroxylase, IA-2 (ICAS 12), insulin, insulin receptor, intrinsic factor type 1, leucocyte function antigen 1, myelin associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte protein, myosin, P80-coilin, pyruvate deshydrogenase complex E2 (PDC-E2), sodium iodide symporter, SOX-10, thyroid and eye muscle shared protein, thyroglobulin, thyroid ...

The corticosteroids are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex. Most steroidogenic reactions are catalysed by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family. They are located within the mitochondria and require adrenodoxin as a cofactor (except 21-hydroxylase and 17α-hydroxylase). Aldosterone and corticosterone share the first part of their biosynthetic pathway. The last part is either mediated by the aldosterone synthase (for aldosterone) or by the 11β-hydroxylase (for corticosterone). These enzymes are nearly identical (they share 11β-hydroxylation and 18-hydroxylation functions). But aldosterone synthase is also able to perform a 18-oxidation. Moreover, aldosterone synthase is found within the zona glomerulosa at the outer edge of the adrenal cortex; 11β-hydroxylase is found in the zona fasciculata and reticularis. Note: aldosterone synthase is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland. ...

Following the release of Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)s report, Haiti One Year After: A Review of Médecins Sans Frontières Humanitarian Aid Operations, Dr. Unni Karunakara, MSF International President; Stefano Zannini, MSF Head of Mission in Haiti; and Kate Alberti, MSF Epidemiologist discuss the issues facing Haiti and MSF one year after the earthquake. Avril Benoit, Director of Communications for MSF Canada, moderates. ...