Define angiotensin amide. angiotensin amide synonyms, angiotensin amide pronunciation, angiotensin amide translation, English dictionary definition of angiotensin amide. n. Any of several polypeptide hormones, designated by Roman numerals, that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure, especially one of them,...

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease is a rare cause of adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome. We report an uncommon primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease case presenting with a unilateral adrenocortical nodule and provide a brief overview of the existing literature. A 27-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to our Department with adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome. Its cause was initially considered a left adrenocortical adenoma based on computer tomography imaging. The patient underwent left laparoscopic adrenalectomy and histological examination revealed pigmented micronodular adrenal hyperplasia. Evaluation for the presence of Carney complex was negative. Six months later recurrence of hypercortisolism was documented and a right laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed further establishing the diagnosis of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. After a nine-year follow-up there is no evidence of residual disease. Even

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells. AU - Ohashi, Masao. AU - Simpson, Evan R.. AU - Kramer, Robert E.. AU - Carr, Bruce R.. N1 - Funding Information: 1 Supported, in part, by USPHS Grants HD13234 and HD11149. 'Supported, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid from the Chilton Foundation. ' Abbreviations used: BAC, bovine adrenocortical cells; ACTH, corticotropin; LDL, low-density lipo-. PY - 1982/4/15. Y1 - 1982/4/15. N2 - Bovine adrenocortical cells in monolayer culture produce cortisol and respond to corticotropin (ACTH) by an increase in cortisol secretion. Several lines of evidence are indicative that much of the cholesterol that serves as precursor for steroid hormone biosynthesis by these cells is derived from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol that is taken up endocytotically by means of specific receptors localized in bovine adrenocortical plasma membranes. ACTH stimulated this process concomitant with an increase in steroid ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Laparoscopic resection of adrenal cortical carcinoma. T2 - A cautionary note. AU - Gonzalez, Ricardo J.. AU - Shapiro, Suzanne. AU - Sarlis, Nicholas. AU - Vassilopoulou-Sellin, Rena. AU - Perrier, Nancy D.. AU - Evans, Douglas B.. AU - Lee, Jeffrey E.. AU - Inabnet, William B.. AU - Libutti, Steven K.. AU - Chen, Herbert. AU - Duh, Quan Yang. AU - Wilhelm, Scott. PY - 2005/12/1. Y1 - 2005/12/1. N2 - Background. While laparoscopic removal of small, benign, functioning adrenal tumors is accepted, laparoscopic resection of adrenal tumors that may be adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) remains controversial. Methods. The records of all patients with ACC evaluated at a single institution from 1991 through 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Results. Among 170 patients with ACC, 153 patients underwent open anterior adrenalectomy, 6 underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 1 was treated via an open flank approach, and 10 had no operation. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 115 (86%) of 133 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in patients with symptomatic heart failure.. AU - McMurray, John J V. AU - Pitt, Bertram. AU - Latini, Roberto. AU - Maggioni, Aldo P.. AU - Solomon, Scott D.. AU - Keefe, Deborah L.. AU - Ford, Jessica. AU - Verma, Anil. AU - Lewsey, Jim. AU - Aliskiren Observation of Heart Failure Treatment (ALOFT) Investigators, Observation of Heart Failure Treatment (ALOFT) Investigators. PY - 2008/5. Y1 - 2008/5. N2 - Loss of negative feedback inhibition of renin release during chronic treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor leads to a compensatory rise in renin secretion and downstream components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) cascade. This may overcome ACE inhibition but should be blocked by a direct renin inhibitor. We studied the effects of adding the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren to an ACE inhibitor in patients with heart failure. Patients with New York Heart Association class II to IV heart ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Surgical Resection of Synchronously Metastatic Adrenocortical Cancer. AU - Dy, Benzon M.. AU - Strajina, Veljko. AU - Cayo, Ashley K.. AU - Richards, Melanie L.. AU - Farley, David R.. AU - Grant, Clive S.. AU - Harmsen, William S.. AU - Evans, Doug B.. AU - Grubbs, Elizabeth G.. AU - Bible, Keith C.. AU - Young, William F.. AU - Perrier, Nancy D.. AU - Que, Florencia G.. AU - Nagorney, David M.. AU - Lee, Jeffrey E.. AU - Thompson, Geoffrey B.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2014, Society of Surgical Oncology.. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Introduction: Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rapidly fatal, with few options for treatment. Patients with metachronous recurrence may benefit from surgical resection. The survival benefit in patients with hematogenous metastasis at initial presentation is unknown.Methods: A review of all patients undergoing surgery (European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors) stage IV ACC between January 2000 and December 2012 from two referral ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The potential of computed tomography volumetry for the surgical treatment in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. T2 - A case report. AU - Matsunaga, Hiromu. AU - Tezuka, Yuta. AU - Kinoshita, Tomo. AU - Ogata, Hiroko. AU - Yamazaki, Yuto. AU - Shiratori, Beata. AU - Omata, Kei. AU - Ono, Yoshikiyo. AU - Morimoto, Ryo. AU - Kudo, Masataka. AU - Seiji, Kazumasa. AU - Takase, Kei. AU - Kawasaki, Yoshihide. AU - Ito, Akihiro. AU - Sasano, Hironobu. AU - Harigae, Hideo. AU - Satoh, Fumitoshi. N1 - Funding Information: H.S. and F.S. received grant support from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan (No. H29-Nanji-Ippan-046). The other authors declare no conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Tohoku University Medical Press.. PY - 2021. Y1 - 2021. N2 - Although adrenal resection is a major option to control hypercortisolemia in patients with bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, a predictive method for postoperative cortisol production has not been ...

Rodriguez-Bravo, V.; Galsky, M.; Cordon-Cardo, C.; Domingo-Domenech, J. Martarelli, D.; Pompei, P.; Baldi, C.; Mazzoni, G. Mebendazole inhibits growth of human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines implanted in nude mice. Williamson, T.; Bai, R.Y. Most importantly, daily oral mebendazole prevented established thyroid tumors from metastasizing to the lung. In addition, the tumor vascularity in vivo was quantitated in control and MZ-treated mice using a hemoglobin assay. ; Springer, C.J. B, significant growth inhibition was observed when nu/nu mice were fed 1 mg of MZ every other day. . ; Marshall, C.J. Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death in the world (1). The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, © 1996-2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Davis, R.J.; Van Waes, C.; Allen, C.T. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. You seem to have ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed transcripts in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata. AU - Nishimoto, Koshiro. AU - Rigsby, Christine S.. AU - Wang, Tao. AU - Mukai, Kuniaki. AU - Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E.. AU - Rainey, William E.. AU - Seki, Tsugio. PY - 2012/4. Y1 - 2012/4. N2 - In mammals, aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa (zG), the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex, whereas glucocorticoids are produced in adjacent zona fasciculata (zF). However, the cellular mechanisms controlling the zonal development and the differential hormone production (i.e. functional zonation) are poorly understood. To explore the mechanisms, we defined zone-specific transcripts in this study. Eleven-week-old male rats were used and adrenal tissues were collected from zG and zF using laser-capture microdissection. RNA was isolated, biotin labeled, amplified, and hybridized to Illumina microarray chips. The microarray data were compared by fold change ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of proximal tubule transport by angiotensin II. AU - Quan, Albert. AU - Baum, Michel. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - Angiotensin II maintains extracellular volume homeostasis, in part, by regulating proximal tubule transport. Physiological doses of angiotensin II stimulate volume and solute transport in the proximal tubule independent of changes in the glomerular filtration rate. Stimulation of bicarbonate transport primarily occurs via increasing activity of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger and the sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter. The effects of circulating angiotensin II are mediated by angiotensin II receptors on the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule. Recently, the proximal tubule was found to synthesize and secrete angiotensin II into the lumen. The luminal membrane contains angiotensin II receptors and luminal angiotensin II levels are 100 to 200-fold higher than that found in plasma. Luminal angiotensin II receptor blockade or luminal inhibition of ...

Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) is an herb often used in Traditional Chinese medicine. It is used to promote blood flow and has been used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models. Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to play important roles in mediating cardiovascular diseases, and may cause cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate whether Danggui has protective effects on Ang II-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and study the mechanisms involved. We evaluated the effect of Danggui on Ang II-induced apoptosis in an in vitro model. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 4 hr, then treated with Danggui (50, 100 μg/ml) 1 hr pre- or post-Ang II treatment. After a further 23 hr of culture, cells were harvested for analyses with assays for apoptosis markers and cell signaling pathways. Our results showed that Ang II induced upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bad, instability of the mitochondria membrane

Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Cortex Cancer)-Pipeline Review, H1 2015. Summary. Global Markets Direct's, 'Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Cortex Cancer)-Pipeline Review, H1 2015', provides an overview of the Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Cortex Cancer)'s therapeutic pipeline.. This report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutic development for Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Cortex Cancer), complete with comparative analysis at various stages, therapeutics assessment by drug target, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type, along with latest updates, and featured news and press releases. It also reviews key players involved in the therapeutic development for Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Cortex Cancer) and special features on late-stage and discontinued projects.. Global Markets Direct's report features investigational drugs from across globe covering over 20 therapy areas and nearly 3,000 indications. The report is built using data ...

Approach and Results-We combined an extensive in vivo imaging protocol (high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced microcomputed tomography at baseline and after 3, 10, 18, and 28 days of angiotensin II infusion) with synchrotron-based ultrahigh resolution ex vivo imaging (phase contrast X-ray tomographic microscopy) in n=47 angiotensin II-infused mice and 6 controls. Aortic regurgitation increased significantly over time, as did the luminal volume of the ascending aorta. In the samples that were scanned ex vivo, we observed one or several focal dissections, with the largest located in the outer convex aspect of the ascending aorta. The volume of the dissections moderately correlated to the volume of the aneurysm as measured in vivo (r2=0.46). After 3 days of angiotensin II infusion, we found an interlaminar hematoma in 7/12 animals, which could be linked to an intimal tear. There was also a significant increase in single laminar ruptures, which may have facilitated a progressive ...

Human fetal adrenal glands are highly active and, with the placenta, regulate circulating progesterone, estrogen and corticosteroids in the fetus. At birth the adrenals are essential for neonate salt retention through secretion of aldosterone, while adequate glucocorticoids are required to prevent adrenal insufficiency. The objective of this study was to carry out the first comprehensive analysis of adrenal steroid levels and steroidogenic enzyme expression in normal second trimester human fetuses. This was an observational study of steroids, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins in adrenals from up to 109 second trimester fetuses (11 weeks to 21 weeks) at the Universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow. The study design was balanced to show effects of maternal smoking. Concentrations of 19 intra-adrenal steroids were quantified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pregnenolone was the most abundant steroid while levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and

TY - JOUR. T1 - Corticosteroids and ACTH are not required for compensatory adrenal growth. AU - Engeland, W. C.. AU - Shinsako, J.. AU - Dallman, M. F.. PY - 1975. Y1 - 1975. N2 - The authors tested the hypothesis that unilateral adrenalectomy results in decreased glucocorticoid secretion, reflexly elevated ACTH secretion, and, consequently, compensatory adrenal growth. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone and right adrenal weight were measured during the first 10 days after left adrenalectomy or sham adrenalectomy in young male rats. There is a decrease in plasma corticosterone after unilateral adrenalectomy compared to sham adrenalectomy that persists for 1 h. ACTH is elevated only at 2 h after unilateral adrenalectomy compared to sham operated rats. Treatment with dexamethasone, shown to abolish the ACTH and corticosterone responses to laparotomy with intestinal traction, resulted in significantly increased adrenal weight after unilateral adrenalectomy by 6 h (wet or dry weight), and at 24 h. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Primary aldosteronism with bilateral multiple aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas. AU - Matsuda, Akira. AU - Beniko, Mutsuo. AU - Ikota, Akemi. AU - Yamazaki, Masao. AU - Koizumi, Shigeki. AU - Mizumoto, Hiroaki. AU - Watanabe, Takeo. AU - Matsuya, Kumiko. AU - Kunita, Haruhiko. AU - Mashio, Yasuo. AU - Sasano, Hironobu. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1996/12. Y1 - 1996/12. N2 - A 41-year-old woman developed primary aldosteronism due to bilateral multiple aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), She was suspected to have idiopathic hyperaldosferonism (IHA) 7 years previously. Although preoperative data suggested APA and IHA was suspected in a postoperative microscopic specimen, a definite clinical diagnosis could not be made. Cytochrome P-450 and other enzymes involved in aldosterone synthesis were found in the tumor portions but not in the zona glomerulosa of attached adrenals, which histopathologically showed "paradoxical hyperplasia". ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) is an independent prognosticator of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and promotes cells proliferation via mTOR activation. AU - Li, Shau Hsuan. AU - Lu, Hung I.. AU - Chang, Alice Y.W.. AU - Huang, Wan Ting. AU - Lin, Wei Che. AU - Lee, Ching Chang. AU - Tien, Wan Yu. AU - Lan, Ya Chun. AU - Tsai, Hsin Ting. AU - Chen, Chang Han. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the angiotensin II/ angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II type II receptor (AT2R) signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression levels of AT1R and AT2R in tissues from 152 surgically resected ESCC patients, and those expression levels were then correlated with treatment outcomes. The angiotensin II/ AT1R/AT2R signaling pathway and its biological ...

Peter J. Hornsby The author is in the Department of Physiology and Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA. E-mail: hornsby{at}uthscsa.edu. http://sageke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2004/35/re6 Key Words: adrenal gland steroid DHEA(S) ischemia replicative senescence cell death. Abstract: The most striking age-related change in the human adrenal cortex is the decline in secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate, steroids synthesized by the inner zone of the cortex, the zona reticularis. Because these steroids are of essentially unknown function, the importance of this age-related change is the subject of considerable debate. It is likely that the age-related change in these steroids results from loss of zona reticularis cells or impairment of their function. During aging, cumulative damage to the zona reticularis could occur through ischemia-related infarcts and other causes of cell death. ...

Angiotensin II effects on cyclic AMP production and steroid output were studied in a sensitive preparation of isolated rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. With increasing concentrations of angiotensin II logarithmic dose-response curves for aldosterone and cyclic AMP production were similar. The minimum effective dose (0.2nm) for stimulation of aldosterone production also significantly (P,0.001) increased cyclic AMP output. For both aldosterone and cyclic AMP production, the peptide hormone concentration eliciting maximal response (0.2μm) and the ED50 (median effective dose) values (1nm) were the same; this is consistent with cyclic AMP acting as an intracellular mediator for angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone production by glomerulosa cells. The angiotensin II antagonist [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated corticosterone and aldosterone production in these cells. An equimolar concentration of antagonist halved the response to 20nm-angiotensin II, and complete inhibition ...

This thesis deals with the development and application of new synthetic methodology in organic chemistry.. The first part describes the development of a new protocol for the synthesis of 3-pyrrolines by means of a microwave-assisted ring-expansion reaction of 2-vinylaziridines. In addition, this methodology is implemented as a key-step in a formal total synthesis of the antibiotic (-)-anisomycin.. In the second part, a new methodology for the synthesis of arylglycines from Weinreb amides is described. In this procedure, a Grignard reagent is added to the iminium ion formed from the Weinreb amide upon treatment with a base. When a chiral amide is used, the nucleophilic addition proceeds with high diastereoselectivity.. Finally, an easy and straightforward synthesis of α-amino amides via a base-mediated rearrangement of modified Weinreb amides into N,O-acetals is presented. Subsequent arylation, alkylation, alkenylation or alkynylation of this intermediate affords the corresponding α-amino ...

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a pituitary-independent, primary adrenal form of hypercortisolism characterized by (a) resistance to suppression by dexamethasone and abolition of the normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion, and (b) distinctive, bilateral, histopathologic changes of the adrenal glands, such as the formation of variably sized, pigmented nodular adenomas, loss of normal zonation and atrophy of the extranodular cortex. PPNAD can be associated with a variety of other manifestations, such as myxomas of the skin, heart, breast and other sites, psammomatous melanotic swannomas involving the peripheral nervous system (PNS), lentigines and blue nevi of the skin and mucosae, growth hormone (GH)-producing adenomas of the pituitary, testicular Sertoli cell tumors, and possibly other neoplasms (adrenocortical and thyroid follicular carcinoma, and ovarian cysts). These associations constitute a distinct clinical syndrome, Carney complex, a genetic syndrome. At ...

Solomon SD, Appelbaum E, Manning WJ, et al; Aliskiren in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (ALLAY) Trial Investigators. Effect of the direct Renin inhibitor aliskiren, the Angiotensin receptor blocker losartan, or both on left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 2009; 119: 530-537 ...

BACKGROUND: Cosyntropin and metoclopramide can affect the subtyping of primary aldosteronism when used with adrenal vein sampling by exerting hormone- and side-specific effects on cortisol and aldosterone secretion. We investigated how these stimuli affect the selectivity index, the relative aldosterone secretion index, and the lateralization index in consecutive primary aldosteronism patients submitted to adrenal vein sampling. METHODS: We recruited 171 patients; of these, 149 underwent adrenal vein sampling before and after stimulation with cosyntropin (250 µg intravenous bolus, n= 53, 73% with an aldosterone-producing adenoma) or with metoclopramide (10 mg intravenous bolus, n= 96, 65% aldosterone-producing adenoma), and 32 with an aldosterone-producing adenoma were investigated for the relative gene expression of dopamine, melanocortin 2, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 4 receptor with microarrays ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Phospholipase D2 mediates acute aldosterone secretion in response to angiotensin II in adrenal glomerulosa cells. AU - Qin, Haixia. AU - Frohman, Michael A.. AU - Bollag, Wendy B.. PY - 2010/5. Y1 - 2010/5. N2 - In primary bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells, the signaling enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) is suggested to mediate priming, the enhancement of aldosterone secretion after pretreatment with and removal of angiotensin II (AngII), via the formation of persistently elevated diacylglycerol (DAG). To further explore PLD's role in priming, glomerulosa cells were pretreated with an exogenous bacterial PLD. Using this approach, phosphatidic acid (PA) is generated on the outer, rather than the inner, leaflet of the plasma membrane. Although PA is not readily internalized, the PA is nonetheless rapidly hydrolyzed by cell-surface PA phosphatases to DAG, which efficiently flips to the inner leaflet and accesses the cell interior. Pretreatment with bacterial PLD resulted in priming upon ...

Looking for online definition of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme in the Medical Dictionary? Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme explanation free. What is Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme? Meaning of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme medical term. What does Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme mean?

Ghose and colleagues (1) showed that long-term medical management (5 to 17 years) is a reasonable option for aldosterone-producing adenomas diagnosed by standard biochemistry and computed tomography in terms of blood pressure control and normalization of serum potassium levels in patients who decline or are unfit for surgery. However, I have concerns about the diagnostic accuracy in their cohort of patients. The use of computed tomography alone without adrenal venous sampling is often inadequate in differentiating between aldosterone-producing adenomas and adrenocortical hyperplasia (2, 3), the two major causes of primary hyperaldosteronism. In a series of hypertensive patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, computed tomography alone had a low specificity (58%) and a positive predictive value of only 72% (4). With the additional use of adrenal venous sampling, a significant proportion of patients was found to have nonfunctional adrenal masses with coexisting adrenal hyperplasia (4) ...

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The examination of synthetic valyl-5-angiotensin II-amide in the conscious dog revealed the following:. 1. Both the arterial and the central venous pressure responses exhibit tachyplylaxis when high doses of angiotensin II are administered, althoug not when medium or low doses are given. Cross-tachyphylaxis can be demonstrated between renin and angiotensin II but not between either of these and norepinephrine. These results suggest that tachyphylaxis to renin is due to tachyphylaxis to angiotensin.. 2. Angiotensin II and norepinephrine provoke a dose-dependent increase in central venous pressure. The threshold dose is about 10 times higher than that necessary for the effect on arterial pressure. In doses eliciting the same increase of arterial blood pressure, norepinephrine is about twice as active on the venous pressure as angiotensin II.. 3. Anesthesia and atropinization both reduce or abolish the effect of angiotensin II as well as that of norepinephrine on the venous pressure, indicating the ...

BACKGROUND: Adrenal aldosterone excess is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. However, adverse metabolic risk in primary aldosteronism extends beyond hypertension, with increased rates of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis, which cannot be easily explained by aldosterone excess. METHODS: We performed mass spectrometry-based analysis of a 24-hour urine steroid metabolome in 174 newly diagnosed patients with primary aldosteronism (103 unilateral adenomas, 71 bilateral adrenal hyperplasias) in comparison to 162 healthy controls, 56 patients with endocrine inactive adrenal adenoma, 104 patients with mild subclinical, and 47 with clinically overt adrenal cortisol excess. We also analyzed the expression of cortisol-producing CYP11B1 and aldosterone-producing CYP11B2 enzymes in adenoma tissue from 57 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma, employing immunohistochemistry with digital image analysis. RESULTS: Primary

TY - JOUR. T1 - Substrate recognition of renally eliminated angiotensin II receptor blockers by organic anion transporter 4. AU - Noguchi, Saki. AU - Okochi, Moeko. AU - Atsuta, Hayumi. AU - Kimura, Rika. AU - Fukumoto, Ayaka. AU - Takahashi, Kyoko. AU - Nishimura, Tomohiro. AU - Tomi, Masatoshi. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers, 18K14926 and 20K16056 . It was also funded in part by Naomi Hoshino Memorial Grant for Pharmaceutical Initiatives , Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds , and Keio Gijuku Fukuzawa Memorial Fund for the Advancement of Education and Research . Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics. PY - 2021/2. Y1 - 2021/2. N2 - Organic anion transporter (OAT) 4, which is localized at the apical membrane of human renal proximal tubules, transports olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Many ARBs, including olmesartan, undergo partial tubular secretion as active forms, and ...

The classic renin-angiotensin system is partly responsible for controlling aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex via the peptide angiotensin II (AngII). In addition, there is a local adrenocortical renin-angiotensin system that may be involved in the control of aldosterone synthesis in the zona glomerulosa (ZG). In order to characterize the long-term control of adrenal steroidogenesis, we utilized adrenal glands from renin knockout (KO) rats and compared steroidogenesis in vitro and steroidogenic enzyme expression to wild-type (WT) controls (Dahl S rat). Adrenal capsules (ZG; aldosterone production) and subcapsules (zona reticularis/fasciculata [ZFR]; corticosterone production) were separately dispersed and studied in vitro. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentrations were extremely low in the KO rats. Basal and cAMP-stimulated aldosterone production was significantly reduced in renin KO ZG cells whereas corticosterone production was not different between WT and KO ZFR cells. As

The spotty skin pigmentation and lentigines occur most commonly on the face, especially on the lips, eyelids, conjunctiva and oral mucosa.[3] Cardiac myxomas may lead to embolic strokes and heart failure[4] and may present with fever, joint pain, shortness of breath, diastolic rumble and tumor plop. Myxomas may also occur outside the heart, usually in the skin and breast. Endocrine tumors may manifest as disorders such as Cushing syndrome. The most common endocrine gland manifestation is an ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). The LAMB acronym refers to lentigines, atrial myxomas, and blue nevi.[1] NAME refers to nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephelides.[1] Testicular cancer, particularly Sertoli cell type, is associated with Carney syndrome.[5] Thyroid and pancreas cancer may also occur.[6][7] Although J Aidan Carney also described Carney's triad it is entirely different.[8] ...

Carney complex and its subsets LAMB syndrome and NAME syndrome are autosomal dominant conditions comprising myxomas of the heart and skin, hyperpigmentation of the skin (lentiginosis), and endocrine overactivity. It is distinct from Carney's triad. Approximately 7% of all cardiac myxomas are associated with Carney complex. The spotty skin pigmentation and lentigines occur most commonly on the face, especially on the lips, eyelids, conjunctiva and oral mucosa. Cardiac myxomas may lead to embolic strokes and heart failure and may present with fever, joint pain, shortness of breath, diastolic rumble and tumor plop. Myxomas may also occur outside the heart, usually in the skin and breast. Endocrine tumors may manifest as disorders such as Cushing syndrome. The most common endocrine gland manifestation is an ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). The LAMB acronym refers to lentigines, atrial myxomas, and blue nevi. NAME refers to nevi, ...

The mineralocorticoid aldosterone is produced in the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) under the control of the renin-angiotensin II (AngII) system. Primary aldosteronism (PA) results from renin-independent production of aldosterone and is a common cause of hypertension. PA is caused by dysregulated localization of the enzyme aldosterone synthase (Cyp11b2), which is normally restricted to the ZG. Cyp11b2 transcription and aldosterone production are predominantly regulated by AngII activation of the Gq signaling pathway. Here, we report the generation of transgenic mice with Gq-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically in the adrenal cortex. We show that adrenal-wide ligand activation of Gq DREADD receptors triggered disorganization of adrenal functional zonation, with induction of Cyp11b2 in glucocorticoid-producing zona fasciculata cells. This result was consistent with increased renin-independent aldosterone production and hypertension. All ...

Pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) infusions were examined in normal rabbits, in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of over 30 days' duration (chronic renal hypertensive rabbits), and in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of 3 days' duration (3-day clipped rabbits). The 3-day clipped rabbits did not have hypertension, but they showed the same increased pressor responses to NE as did the chronic renal hypertensive rabbits, which was about 2.5 times that of the normal rabbits. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was the same in the 3-day clipped rabbits as in the normal group, but in the chronic renal hypertensive rabbits the PRA was significantly below normal. Infusions of angiotensin II (A II) in either subpressor or pressor amounts potentiated the pressor responses to NE in normal rabbits, whereas, in 3-day clipped rabbits and chronic renal hypertensive rabbits, A II in subpressor or pressor doses did not alter the pressor responses to NE. Infusion of the A II antagonist, [1-sarcosine, ...

Hypertension plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Treating hypertension has been associated with reduction in the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), ramipril, showed a 32 % in relative risk of reduction in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial. Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan, also showed a 25 % in relative risk of reduction in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE).. Elderly people, especially hypertensive patients, with silent brain infarction have an increased risk of stroke and cognitive decline. However, no reports are seen on comparison of the effects of ARBs and ACEIs on progression of silent brain infarction and cognitive decline in patients with essential hypertension in the elderly.. The researchers therefore longitudinally evaluate silent brain infarction using magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive decline by Mini-Mental State ...

The hippocampus is the principal target site in the brain for adrenocortical steroids, as it has the highest concentration of receptor sites for glucocorticoids. The aged rat has a specific deficit in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, owing in large part to a loss of corticoid-sensitive neurons. This deficit may be the cause for the failure of aged rats to terminate corticosterone secretion at the end of stress, because extensive lesion and electrical stimulation studies have shown that the hippocampus exerts an inhibitory influence over adrenocortical activity and participates in glucocorticoid feedback. We have studied whether it is the loss of hippocampal neurons or of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors in the aged rat that contributes most to this syndrome of corticosterone hypersecretion. To do this, we used two model systems for producing reversible glucocorticoid receptor depletion in the hippocampus, and we found that depletion of receptors without inducing cell loss results in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Differential expression of exons 1a and 1c in mRNAs for sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in human and mouse organs and cultured cells. AU - Shimomura, Iichiro. AU - Shimano, Hitoshi. AU - Horton, Jay D.. AU - Goldstein, Joseph L.. AU - Brown, Michael S.. PY - 1997/3/1. Y1 - 1997/3/1. N2 - The 5' end of the mRNA-encoding sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) exists in two forms, designated 1a and 1c. The divergence results from the use of two transcription start sites that produce two separate 5' exons, each of which is spliced to a common exon 2. Here we show that the ratio of SREBP-1c to 1a transcripts varies markedly among organs of the adult mouse. At one extreme is the liver, in which the 1c transcript predominates by a 9:1 ratio. High 1c:1a ratios are also found in mouse adrenal gland and adipose tissue and in human liver and adrenal gland. At the other extreme is the spleen, which shows a reversed 1c:1a ratio (1:10). In five different lines of ...

Adrenal masses and adrenal tumors occur commonly with some being quite dangerous. Learn the basics of adrenal tumors from the world's top adrenal surgeon.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of aging on adrenal function in the human. T2 - Responsiveness and sensitivity of adrenal androgens and cortisol to adrenocorticotropin in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. AU - Parker, C. Richard. AU - Slayden, Scott M.. AU - Azziz, Ricardo. AU - Crabbe, S. Lolita. AU - Hines, Gene A.. AU - Boots, Larry R.. AU - Bae, Sejong. PY - 2000/12/1. Y1 - 2000/12/1. N2 - We sought to determine the effects of aging on several aspects of adrenal steroidogenesis in the hopes of characterizing the possible causes of adrenal androgen deficiency in elderly women. To this end, we quantified basal morning concentrations of cortisol (F), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS), and androstenedione (A4) and then evaluated the effects of overnight dexamethasone (DEX) suppression followed by adrenal responses to graded hourly infusions of ACTH, ranging from 20 -1280 ng/1.5 m2·h. Finally, we performed a standard 0.25-mg ACTH bolus stimulation test, with ...

0284] Although not wishing to be bound by any theory of operation, the inventors believe that the therapeutic agents of the invention ameliorate a number of conditions or illnesses, and especially reduce and/or eliminate cancer and/or the symptoms thereof by augmenting or stimulating the patients' immune systems. In this sense, the invention is believed to be a form of biological therapy. As such, it is considered that the invention is applicable to virtually all cancers, such as the following: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood; Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult; Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Childhood; Adolescents, Cancer in; AIDS-Related Cancers; AIDS-Related Lymphoma; Anal Cancer; Appendix Cancer; Astrocytomas, Childhood; Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood, Central Nervous System; Basal Cell Carcinoma; Bile Duct Cancer, Extrahepatic; Bladder Cancer; Bladder Cancer, Childhood; Bone Cancer, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Genome-wide association study of angioedema induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker treatment. AU - Rasmussen, Eva Rye. AU - Hallberg, Pär. AU - Baranova, Ekaterina V.. AU - Eriksson, Niclas. AU - Karawajczyk, Malgorzata. AU - Johansson, Caroline. AU - Cavalli, Marco. AU - Maroteau, Cyrielle. AU - Veluchamy, Abirami. AU - Islander, Gunilla. AU - Hugosson, Svante. AU - Terreehorst, Ingrid. AU - Asselbergs, Folkert W.. AU - Norling, Pia. AU - Johansson, Hans-Erik. AU - Kohnke, Hugo. AU - Syvänen, Ann-Christine. AU - Siddiqui, Moneeza K.. AU - Lang, Chim. AU - Magnusson, Patrik K. E.. AU - Yue, Qun-Ying. AU - Wadelius, Claes. AU - von Buchwald, Christian. AU - Bygum, Anette. AU - Alfirevic, Ana. AU - Maitland-van der Zee, Anke Hilse. AU - Palmer, Colin N. A.. AU - Wadelius, Mia. PY - 2020/2/21. Y1 - 2020/2/21. N2 - Angioedema in the mouth or upper airways is a feared adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and ...

PERINEURIUM AND NEUROGLIA. 279. bellum and cerebrum, between the granules which I have already (p. 269) described to you as connected with large ganglion-cells, and the nuclei of the connective tissue. Whenever the parts are seen severed from their connections, it is not easy to make the distinction, and a positive decision is only possible as long as the parts are viewed in their natural position.. Now it is ccrtainlyof considerable importance to know that in all nervous parts, in addition to the real nervous elements, a second tissue exists, which is allied to the large group of formations, which pervade the whole body, and with which we have in the previous lectures become acquainted under the name of connective tissues. In considering the pathological or physiological conditions of the brain or spinal marrow, the first point is always to determine how far the tissue which is affected, attacked or irritated, is nervous in its nature, or merely an interstitial substance. We thus obtain at the ...

1910 (1909), The migration of nervous elements into the dorsal and ventral nerve roots of embryos of the pig. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science for 1909, 16: 217-220 and plate. 1913, The embryology and larval development of Bairdiella chrysura and Anchovia mitchilli. Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, 33, 3-19. 1913, Notes on the habits, morphology of the reproductive organs, and embryology jot the viviparous fish Gambusia affinis. Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, 33, 181- . 1914, Notes on the embryology and larval development of five species of teleostean fishes. Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, 34, 409-429. 1915 (with Lewis Radcliffe), Notes on the embryology and larval development of twelve teleostean fishes. Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, 35, 89-134. 1916, The histological basis of adaptive shades and colors in the flounder, Peralichthys albiguttus. Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, 35, 5-28. 1916, A note on superfetation. Interstate Med. Journal, 23, 1-11. 1920, Retention of dead foetuses in utero and its ...

1. Competitive or non-competitive inhibition of the myotropic and pressor response of angiotensin II is dependent on the nature of the substituent in position 8 of the antagonist peptide analogue. Substituents in other positions of the molecule, particularly position 1, contribute greatly to the potency of these antagonists.. 2. As is evidenced after adrenalectomy or after blockade with phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine, the initial pressor activity observed with all the antagonistic peptides is partially due to the release of catecholamines and partially to a direct myotropic effect.. 3. [Sar1, Thr8]angiotensin II has been found to possess the lowest agonist to antagonist ratio of all antagonists tested.. 4. [Des-Asp1, Ile8]angiotensin II selectively and specifically inhibits the release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex. Thus, unlike angiotensin II, this heptapeptide has pronounced organ specificity, suggesting that the heptapeptide (angiotensin III) is the aldosterone-releasing ...

Croxatto, H.R., Huidobro, F., Croxatto, R. et Salvestrini, H., 'Action cholinestérasique du sang veineux pendant l'excitation musculaire directe et indirecte', Compt. Rend. Seanc. Soc. Biol. Paris, 130, p. 326 (1939); Croxatto, H.R. and Croxatto, R., 'Pepsitensin - A hypertensin-like substance produced by peptidic digestion of proteins', Science, 95, p. 101 (1942); Croxatto, H.R., Rojas, G. and Barnafi, L., 'The liberation of antidi- uretic factor by the hypertensinogen pepsin reaction', Acta Physiol. Latinoamer., 2, p. 178 (1951); Croxatto, H.R., Pereda, T. and Mellada, R., 'Peptides with oxytocin and pressor activity obtained from acidified rat serum', Nature, 184, p. 1496 (1959); Croxatto, H.R. and Barnafi, L., 'Hormone and hormone-like activity of active polypeptides', Rec. Prog. Horm. Res., 16, p. 236 (1961); Croxatto, H.R. and Belmar, J., 'Hypertensive effects of bradykinin in rats', Nature, 192 (4805), p. 879 (1961); Croxatto, H.R., Pereda, T., Belmar, J. and Labarca, E., 'Polypeptides ...

London, Sep 14 (IANS) Researchers have extracted an active pharmaceutical substance from the leaves of a common ornamental plant - coralberry - which could provide hope for people with asthma. The findings, led by researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany and asthma specialists from the UK, showed that the leaves of the coralberry contain a substance with the cryptic name "FR900359".. The extracts when used in mice almost inhibited the characteristic contraction of the airways. Further, the study found that "FR900359" is very effective at preventing the bronchial muscles from contracting. Asthmatics regularly suffer from these pronounced contractions preventing adequate ventilation of the lungs. The resulting shortness of breath can be life-threatening.. The compound in the coralberry leaves relieves these spasms and is supposedly more effective and has a more prolonged action than the most common asthma drug salbutamol, the researchers noted in the paper published in the journal Science ...

Hampton - Initiating Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Initiating HBPM: Discussing HBPM with the patient: The following should be explained to the woman: there is a need to monitor her BP more frequently the purpose of HBPM is to reduce the number ...

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Glycine Agents: Substances used for their pharmacological actions on glycinergic systems. Glycinergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.